ek/;fed f'k{kk eamy e-iz- Hkksiky vkn'kz iz'u i= & 2012&13 lekt 'kkl=

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1 ek/;fed f'k{kk eamy e-iz- Hkksiky vkn'kz iz'u i= & 2012&13 Model Question Paper lekt 'kkl= ¼Sociology½ d{kk & 12oha Time - 3 hours M. M. 100 funsz'k %& 1- iz'u Ø- 1 ls 5 vfuok;z gsaa 2- olrqfu"b iz'uksa ij 25 vad vkoafvr gsaa izr;sd ij 1 vad fu/kkzfjr gsa 3- iz'u Ø- 6 ls 12 rd izr;sd ds 4 vad fu/kkzfjr gsaa 4- iz'u Ø- 13 ls 19 rd izr;sd iz'u ds fy;s 5 vad fu/kkzfjr gsaa 5- iz'u Ø- 20 ls 21 rd izr;sd iz'u ds fy;s 6 vad fu/kkzfjr gsaa 6- iz'u Ø- 6 ls 21 rd eas izr;sd eas vkurfjd fodyi fn;s x;s gsaa Instructions : 1. Question No. 1 to 5 are compulsory. 2. Objective type questions is allotted 25 marks. Each question is carry 1 marks. 3. Q. No. 6 to 12 carry 4 marks each. 4. Q. No. 13 to 19 carry 5 marks each. 5. Q. No. 20 to 21 carries 6 Marks each. 6. Internal options are given in Q. No. 6 to 21.

2 olrqfu"b iz'u iz1- fjdr LFkkuksa dh iwfrz dhft;s & 5 vad 1- gekjs ns'k dk uke ^Hkkjr* egku lezkv ds uke ij im+ka 2- la;qdr ifjokj ds eqf[k;k dks dgk tkrk gsa 3- ewy :i ls vks ksfxdj.k fodkl dh izfø;k gsa 4- orzeku ;qx eas n`';&jo; lapkj dk lcls izeq[k ikfjokfjd lk/ku gsa 5- fdlh lekt ds fu;eksa dk tkucw>dj myya?ku djuk gh fopfyr O;ogkj gksrk gsa Q.1 Fill in the blanks of following 1. The name of our country 'Bharat' is one the name of great emperor The head of the joint family is called Basically the industrialization is one of the process of... development. 4. The most import and domestic means of audio visual communication in present age is In any society intentional violation of rules... is impaction behaviour. iz-2 fueu eas ls lgh fodyi dk p;u dhft;s & 1- Hkkjr ds iwoz eas fgunqvksa dk dksu lk rhfkz LFkku flfkr gs % v- cnzhukfk c- jkes'oje l- }kfjdkiqjh n- txuukfkiqjh 5 vad 2- Hkkjrh; lalñfr eas dez ds fl)kar dh folr`r foospuk fdl /kkfezd xzafk eas dh xbz gs & v- jkek;.k c- egkhkkjr l- _Xosn n- xhrk 1

3 3- Lora= Hkkjr ds u;s lafo/kku dks fdl o"kz ykxw fd;k x;k & v- lu~ 1949 c- lu~ 1950 l- lu~ 1951 n- lu~ Hkkjr essa gfjr Økafr ds QyLo:i fdl [kk ku ds mriknu eas lcls vf/kd o`f) gqbz & v- /kku c- xuuk l- xsagw n- nkysa 5- fdl lekt'kkl=h usa ;g ekuk gs fd f'k{kk jktusfrd O;oLFkk eas ifjorzu ykrh gs & v- ikjlul c- esdkboj l- esdl oscj n- tktz flesy Q.2 Choose and write the correct option 1. Which of the Hindu pilgrimages is situated in east of India - (a) Badrinath (b) Rameshvaram (c) Dwarikapuri (d) Jagannathpuri 2. The theory of karm was described in the religious book name - (a) Ramayan (b) Mahabharat (c) Gita (d) Rigveda 3. In which year the new constitution at independent India was passed - (a) Year 1949 (b) Year 1950 (c) Year 1951 (d) Year Which food grain was the most yielded as the result of green revolution - (a) Rice (b) Sugar cans (c) Wheat (d) Pulses 5. Which sociologist agreed that educations brings social changes - (a) Parsons (b) Mackiver (c) Max Weber (d) George Simel 2

4 iz-3 fueufyf[kr iz'uks a ds mrrj,d 'kcn eas fyf[k;s & 1- vk;z lekt dh LFkkiuk fdlus dh\ 2- Hkkjr ea s igyh jk"vªh; f'k{kk uhfr fdl o"kz?kksf"kr dh xbz Fkh\ 5 vad 3- ^lks'ky psut bu ekmzu bf.m;k* iqlrd ds ys[kd dk uke D;k gs\ 4- lkekftd vksj vkffkzd {ks= eas O;ogkj ds u;s <ax dks fdl uke ls lacksf/kr fd;k x;k gs\ 5- Hkkjr ea s jkeñ".k fe'ku dh LFkkiuk fdlus dh\ Q.3 Answer the following questions in one word. 1. Who was the founder of Arya Samaj? 2. In which year the first national education policy is being declared in India? 3. Who is the author of the book "Social Change in modern India"? 4. Family vebioghs, kinshep provided by the education what is called? 5. Who was the founder of 'Ram Krishna Mission' in India? iz-4 fueukafdr dfkuksa eas dksu lk dfku lr; gs vksj dksu lk vlr;&5 vad 1- tukafddh 'kcn dk iz;ksx lcls igys lu~ 1855 eas xqmofkz us fd;k FkkA 2- eqflye fookg,d /kkfezd le>ksrk gsa 3- Hkkjr eas lkeqnkf;d fodkl dk;zøe lu~ 1952 ls vkjahk fd;k x;ka 4- dqyhu oxz ds fdlku lk/kkj.kr;k xzkeh.k xqvcanh ls vyx jgrs gsaa 5- lkekftd vkanksyu eas erhksn vksj fojks/k dk dksbz LFkku ugha gksrka Q.4 Say True or False of the following 1. The word 'Demographic' was use by Gudward at first in 1855 year. 2. Muslim marriage is a religious compromise. 3. In India the communal development programme applied in The gentle formers are different from general and rural peoples. 5. It is not place in social movement of dissent. 3

5 iz-5 lgh tksm+h cukb;s & 5 1- dkdk dkysydj 1- /kez fujis{krk 2- T;ksfrck Qwys 2- ckgjh tkfr;k 3- ts-,p- gv~vu 3- vuqlwfpr tkfr;k 4- lkbeu deh'ku 4- izfke finm+k oxz vk;ksx 5- lhkh /keksaz ds izfr lekurk 5- nfyr tkfr;k dh Hkkouk vad Q.5 Match the following - 1. Kaka Kalelkar : Secularization 2. Jyotiba Phule : Exterior Caste 3. J H Hutton : Schedule caste 4. Saymen commission : First Backward class commission 5. Feeling of quality among : Dalit caste all religions iz-6 Hkkjr eas tula[;k o`f) ds dksbz pkj dkj.k fyf[k;s\ Hkkjr eas tukafddh; dh dksbz pkj fo'ks"krk,sa fyf[k;s\ 4 vad Q.6 Write any four causes of population growth in India. Write any four characteristics of basis demographic in India. iz-7 fgunw,oa eqflye fookg eas dksbz pkj varj fyf[k;s\ bzlkbz fookg dh dksbz pkj fo'ks"krk,sa fyf[k;s\ 4 vad Q.7 Write any four difference between Hindu and Muslim Marriage. Write the any four characteristics of Christian marriage. 4

6 iz-8 Hkkjr easa vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa dh dksbz pkj lel;k,sa fyf[k;s\ 4 vad Hkkjr eas vyi la[;dksa dh dksbz pkj lel;k,sa fyf[k;s\ Q.8 Write any four problems of schedule tribes in India. Write any four problems of minorities in India. iz-9 mikxe dk D;k vfkz gs\ Hkkjr fo k'kkl=h; mikxe dh izñfr 4 vad dks le>kbz;s\ Hkkjrh; lekt eas,sfrgkfld mikxe fdu eku;rkvksa ij vk/kkfjr gs\ Q.9 What is the meaning of approach? Explain the nature of indological approach. Which assumptions are based on historical approach. iz-10 Hkkjrh; lafo/kku }kjk fn;s x;s eksfyd vf/kdkjksa dks la{ksi eas fyf[k;s\ Hkkjr eas fu;kstu ds dksbz pkj mn~ns'; fyf[k;s\ 4 vad Q.10 Write the fundamental rights given by the Indian constitution. Write the any four objective of planning in India iz-11 Hkkjr eas gfjr Økafr ls lacaf/kr pkj dk;zøeksa dks fyf[k;s\ 4 vad os'ohdj.k dk D;k vfkz gs\ os'ohdj.k dh dksbz pkj fo'ks"krk,sa fyf[k;sa Q.11 Write four programme of green revolution in India. What is the meaning of globalization? Write any feature of globalization. 5

7 iz-12 Hkkjrh; lekt eas ncko lewgksa dh pkj izeq[k fo'ks"krk,sa fyf[k;s\ 4 vad iwathifr Ñ"kd oxz dh vo/kkj.kk D;k gs\ Q.12 Write any four main feature of pressure groups in Indian society. What is the meaning of Capitalist farmer class. iz-13 Hkkjr fofhkuurkvksa dk ns'k gs\ foospuk dhft;sa 5 vad Hkkjrh; lekt dh fofhkuurk eas,drk ls lacaf/kr ikap rroksa dh foospuk dhft;sa Q.13 Describe the India is a country at diversities. Describe the five elements in unity in diversity of Indian society. iz-14 xzkeh.k leqnk; dh dksbz ikap fo'ks"krk;sa fyf[k;s\ uxjh; leqnk; dh dksbz ikap fo'ks"krk,sa fyf[k;s\ 5 vad Q.14 Write any five features of rural community. Write any five features of urban community. iz-15 Hkkjr eas jk"vªh; f'k{kk uhfr dh O;k[;k dhft;s\ ^Lora= Hkkjr eas f'k{kk* fo"k; ij lekt'kkl=h ys[k fyf[k;sa 5 vad Q.15 Explain the national education policy in India. Write a sociological article on 'Education in Independent India'. 6

8 iz-16 la;qdr ifjokj ds xq.k,oa nks"k fyf[k;s\ 5 vad Hkkjr eas fefjr lalñfr dks izksrlkgu nsus okys izeq[k vk/kkjksa dk o.kzu dhft;s\ Q.16 Write the functions and dysfunctions of joint family. Explain the main bases of composite culture in India. iz-17 vks ksxhdj.k ds vfkz dks Li"V dhft;s\ Hkkjrh; lekt dks vks ksxhdj.k usa fdl rjg izhkkfor fd;k gs\ if'pehdj.k dh vo/kkj.kk rfkk izeq[k ikap fo'ks"krk,sa fyf[k;sa 5 vad Q.17 Explain the meaning of industrialization? How Indian society effected by industrialization? Write the concept and main five features of westernization. iz-18 Hkkjrh; lekt eas f'k{kk ls lacaf/kr dksbz 5 lel;k,sa fyf[k;s\ 5 vad tulapkj ds lkfkuksa dh foospuk dhft;sa Q.18 Write any five problems related with education in Indian society. Discuss the main means of mass media. iz-19 lkekftd vkanksyu dh mrifrr ds ls)kafrd vk/kkj D;k gsa\ 5 vad lkekftd vkanksyu dh vo/kkj.kk rfkk rhu fo'ks"krkvksa dks fyf[k;s\ 7

9 Q.19 What is the origin of social movements theory cal bases. Write the concept and three features of social movement. iz-20 tutkfr dk vfkz rfkk izeq[k fo'ks"krk,sa fyf[k;s\ oxz dk vfkz fy[krs gq, tkfr rfkk oxz eas varj fyf[k;sa 6 vad Q.20 Write the meaning and main features of Tribe. Write the meaning of class and different between caste and class. iz-21 Hkkjr eas jkt; ds lkeus eq[; pquksfr;ka dksu lh gsa\ 6 vad Hkkjr eas f'k{kk dh lel;kvksa dks nwj djus ds dksbz N% mik; fyf[k;sa Q.21 What are the main challenges before the states in India. Write the any six problems of education in Independent India. 8

10 ek/;fed f'k{kk eamy e-iz- Hkksiky vkn'kz mrrj (Model Answer) lekt 'kkl= ¼Sociology½ d{kk & 12oha Time - 3 hours M. M. 75 m-1 fjdr LFkkuksa dh iwfrz dhft;s % 05 ¼v½ Hkjr ¼c½ drkz ¼l½ vkffkzd ¼n½ Vsyhfotu ¼b½ dkuwuks a m-2 lgh fodyi 1- txuukfkiqjh 2- xhrk 3- lu~ xsagw 5- esdl oscj pqfu;s & 05 m-3,d'kcn eas mrrj nhft;s ¼v½ Lokeh n;kuan ljlorh ¼c½ 1986 ¼l½,e-,u- Jhfuokl ¼n½ uokpkj ¼b½ foosdkuun & 05 m-4 vlr; crkbz;s & 05 ¼I½ lr; ¼II½ vlr; ¼III½ lr; ¼IV½ lr; ¼V½ vlr; 9

11 m-5 lgh tksfm;ka & dkdk dkysydj 1- izfke finm+k oxz vk;ksx 2- T;ksfrck Qwys 2- nfyr tkfr;k 3- ts-,p- gv~vu 3- ckgjh tkfr;k 4- lkbeu deh'ku 4- vuqlwfpr tkfr;k 5- lhkh /keksaz ds izfr lekurk 5- /kez fujis{krk dh Hkkouk m-6 tula[;k o`f) ds dkj.k & vf'k{kk & vf'k{kk ds QyLo:i O;fDr ifjokj eas vf/kd cppksa ds tue ls gksus okyh gkfu;ksa dks ugha le> ikrs tks lekt dh izxfr eas ck/kd gsaa 2- fueu thou Lrj & fueu thou Lrj vksj tula[;k o`f) ds chp,d izr;{k laca/k gsa fueu Lrj ds dkj.k ekrk&firk cppksa ds ikyu&iks"k.k ij vf/kd /;ku ugha ns ikrs ftlls cppksa eas vius nkf;roksa dks le>us dh tkx:drk fodflr ugha gksrha 3- cky fookg & cky fookg izfkk ds dkj.k ifr ifru dks cppksa dks tue nsus ds fy;s dbz vf/kd le; fey tkrk gsa 4- la;qdr ifjokj & la;qdr ifjokj O;oLFkk ds dkj.k lk/kuksa dh deh ds ckn Hkh vf/kd larkuksa ds vksj muds ikyu&iks"k.k dks,d lel;k ds :i eas ugha ns[kk tkrka tukafddh; dh fo'ks"krk,sa & 1- Hkkjr eas Lora=rk ds ckn tue&nj vksj e`r;q nj nksukas eas deh gksus ds ckn Hkh gekjh tula[;k dk vkdkj cgqr rsth ls c<+k gsa 2- Hkkjrh; tula[;k eas fofhkuu /keksaz vksj laiznk;ksa ls lacaf/kr yksxksa dk lekos'k gsa 10

12 3- xkaoksa eas lk{kjrk dh deh gksus ds lkfk gh la;qdr ifjokjksa dk izpyu vf/kd gsa blds QyLo:i c<+rh tula[;k ds izfr xzkeh.kksa eas dksbz tkx:drk ugha gsa 4- Hkkjr eas thou vof/k rqyukred :i ls de gksus ds dkj.k tula[;k eas vuqhkoh yksxksa dh dkqh deh gsa m-7 fgunw,oa eqflye fookg eas varj & fgunqvksa esa fookg,d /kkfezd laldkj gsa eqlyekuksa eas fookg dks,d lkekftd le>ksrk ekuk tkrk gsa 2- fgunw fookg,d LFkk;h laca/k gsa bls rksmuk lalñfr ds fo:) ekuk tkrk gsa eqflye fookg eas iq:"k dhkh Hkh viuh ifru dks lkekftd :i ls rykd ns ldrk gsa 3- fgunqvksa eas dkuwu ds }kjk dsoy,d fookg dk izpyu gsa eqflye dkuwu vkt Hkh iq:"k dks pkj ifru;ka j[kus dh vuqefr nsrs gsaa 4- fgunqvksa eas ngst izfkk dk izpyu gsa blds foijhr eqlyekuksa eas ^egj* dk izpyu gsa bzlkbz fookg dh fo'ks"krk,sa & 1- bzlkbz leqnk;,d f'kf{kr vksj tkx:d leqnk; gsa blfy;s bleas cgqfookg dk izpyu fcydqy ugha ik;k tkrka 2- /kkfezd :i ls ppz }kjk ifr ifru ds chp rykd dh LohÑfr ugha nh tkrha 3- bzlkbz;ks a eas foyec fookg dk izpyu gsa 4- bzlkbz fookg ea s ikl ds ukrsnkjh ds chp fookg laca/kksa dh LFkkiuk ugha dh tkrha 11

13 m-8 vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa dh lel;k,s a & lkekftd lel;k & etwenkj rfkk enku usa ;g Li"V fd;k gs fd ckgjh lewgksa ds laidz ea s vkus ds dkj.k tutkfr;ksa ds ijeijkxr lkekftd laxbu eas vusd ifjorzu vk;s gsaa 2- vkffkzd lel;k,sa & tutkfr;ksa dh vkt,d izeq[k lel;k xjhch vksj csjkstxkjh dh gsa 3- lkalñfrd lel;k,sa & tutkfr;ksa dh lkalñfrd lel;kvksa dk eq[; laca/k bzlkbz,oa fgunw /kez dks ekuus okys lewgksa ds laidz eas vkus ls gsa 4- LokLF; vksj iks"k.k dh lel;k & ubz 'kklu O;oLFkk ds }kjk tutkfr;ksa dks tm+h cwfv;ksa ds laxzg ij jksd fn;k x;k rks muds lkeus iksf"vd vkgkj dh lel;k isnk gks xbza Hkkjr eas vyila[;dksa dh lel;k,sa & 1- euksoskkfud :i ls vyila[;d leqnk; ds yksx ;g le>rs gsa fd la[;k eas de gksus ds dkj.k mugsa vf/kd jktusfrd vf/kdkj ugha fey ldsaxsa 2- eqflye leqnk; vkffkzd vksj 'ks{kf.kd finm+siu dks viuh,d izeq[k lel;k ekurk gsa 3- Hkkjr ea s iwokszrrj jkt;ksa eas tgka bzlkbz vyila[;dksa dh tula[;k dkqh vf/kd gsa mugsa Hkh vlqj{kk dh Hkkouk ds dkj.k vkanksyudkjh izo`frr c<+rh tk jgh gsa 4- fld[k vyila[;dksa dk iz'u gs fd mudk m ksxksa] jktuhfr] ljdkjh lsokvksa vksj f'k{kk eas vpnk izfrfuf/kro gsa blds ckn Hkh 25 o"kz igys fld[kksa ds,d fo'ks"k oxz eas [kkfylrku ds :i eas,d vyx jkt; dh ekax djuk vkjahk dj fn;ka 12

14 m-9 mikxe dk vfkz & 04 mikxe v/;;u dk og rjhdk ;k n`f"vdks.k gs ftlds vk/kkj ij fdlh fo'ks"k lkekftd rf; dh foospuk dh tkrh gsa izr;sd mikxe dqn fo'ks"k eku;rkvksa ij vk/kkfjr gksrk gsa fofhkuu mikxeksa dh izñfr,d nwljs ds fy;s fhkuu gksrh gsa Hkkjr fo k'kkl=h; mikxe dh izñfr & Hkkjr fo k'kkl= dh og 'kk[kk gs tks Hkkjrh; lekt vksj lalñfr dk O;ofLFkr :i ls v/;;u djrh gsa bleas Hkkjrh; lekt dh lalñfr dks vf/kd egro fn;k tkrk gsa ;g mikxe nks eku;rkvksa ij vk/kkfjr gsa Hkkjrh; lekt ds lacaf/kr izkekf.kd xzafkksa] lkalñfrd izrhdksa] Hkk"kk] fokku rfkk lkekftd lalfkkvksa ds vk/kkj ij ekuo O;ogkjksa vksj lkekftd laca/kksa dh foospuk djrk gsa,sfrgkfld mikxe pkj eq[; eku;rkvksa ij vk/kkfjr gs & 1-,sfrgkfld mikxe lkekftd lajpuk lacaf/kr fo'ks"krkvksa dks iwjh nqfu;k eas?kfvr gksus okyh?kvukvksa ds lanhkz eas?kfvr gksus okyh?kvukvksa ds lanhkz eas ns[kus ij cy nsrk gsa 2- bl mikxe dk laca/k vks ksfxd fodkl dh izfø;k ls mriuu gksus okys lkekftd ifj.kkeksa ds v/;;u ls gsa 3- ;g mikxe fdlh lkekftd rf; ;k?kvuk dh lajpuk dh rqyuk eas mlds fodkl dh,sfrgkfld izfø;k dks vf/kd egro nsrk gsa,sfrgkfld mikxe O;fDr ds O;ogkjksa dks izhkkfor djus okyh 'kfdr;ksa dks lekt dh,sfrgkfld n'kkvksa ds lanhkz eas ns[krk gsa m-10 eksfyd vf/kdkj & lekurk dk vf/kdkj & lafo/kku ds }kjk ;g izko/kku fd;k x;k gs fd dkuwu ds lkeus lhkh yksx leku gsaa 13

15 2- Lora=rk dk vf/kdkj & blds varxzr vusd,sls vf/kdkjksa dk myys[k gs ftudh lgk;rk ls yksx,d Lora= thou fcrk ldsaa 3- 'kks"k.k ls j{kk dk vf/kdkj & ;g O;oLFkk dh xbz fd fdlh O;fDr ls csxkj ugha yh tk ldrha cky Jfedksa dk 'kks"k.k ugha fd;k tk ldrka 4- /kkfezd Lora=rk dk vf/kdkj & izr;sd O;fDr fcuk fdlh nckc ds fdlh Hkh /kez ds vuqlkj O;ogkj dj ldrk gsa 5- lalñfr vksj f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj & ns'k ds izr;sd oxz ds ukxfjd dk ;g vf/kdkj gsa 6- laos/kkfud mipkj dk vf/kdkj & fdlh O;fDr dks vius eksfyd vf/kdkjksa ls oafpr fd;k tkrk gs rks mls vf/kdkj gs fd og blds fo:) U;k;ky; dh lgk;rk ls vius vf/kdkjksa dks izkir dj ysa Hkkjr eas fu;kstu ds mn~ns'; & 1- vkffkzd fodkl & fu;kstu dk lozizeq[k mn~ns'; vkffkzd fodkl ds }kjk tulk/kkj.k ds thou Lrj eas lq/kkj ykuk gsa 2- lekt dy;k.k & lekt dy;k.k dk rkri;z lekt ds nqczy oxksaz] efgykvksa] cppksa rfkk vlefkz yksxksa dh n'kk eas lq/kkj djuk gsa 3- lkekftd lqj{kk & lkekftd lqj{kk dk laca/k mu lhkh dk;ksaz ls gs ftudh lgk;rk ls yksxksa ds lkekftd thou dks vf/kd lqjf{kr cuk;k tk ldrk gsa 4- yksdrkaf=d lalñfr dk fodkl & yksdrkaf=d O;oLFkk rhkh lqy gksrh gs tc ns'k ds lhkh ukxfjd] lkekftd] vkffkzd vksj jktusfrd thou ds izfr vf/kd ls vf/kd tkx:d jgrs gsaa 14

16 m-11 gfjr Økafr ds fo'ks"k dk;zøe & lozizfke vf/kd mit nsus okyh Qlyksa ds dk;zøe ykxw fd;s ftuls Ñf"k mriknu eas o`f) dh tk ldrh FkhA 2- lu~ 1967&68 ls ns'k eas cgqqly dk;zøe vkjahk fd;k x;ka ;g lk/ku [ksrh ds dk;zøe dk vax gsa 3- gfjr Økafr ds fy;s t:jh Fkk fd [ksrh o"kkz ij fuhkzj u jgsa blds fy;s cm+h NksVh flapkbz dh ;kstuk cukbz xbza 4- Ñf"k mriknu dks c<+kus ds fy;s ubz rduhdks a vksj flapkbz dh lqfo/kkvksa ds lkfk Ñ"kdksa dks izf'k{k.k nsuk Hkh t:jh le>k x;ka os'ohdj.k dk vfkz & os'ohdj.k ds vfkz dks nks vk/kkjksa ij Li"V fd;k gsa vf/kdka'k fo}kuksa ds vuqlkj os'ohdj.k dk rkri;z fo'o dh vfkzo;olfkk eas,dhdj.k dh izfø;k ls gsa tc fofhkuu ns'kksa ds chp O;kikfjd izfrca/k de ;k lekir gksus yxrs gsa rfkk lhkh ns'k,d nwljs dh izks ksfxdh vksj vuqhkoksa dk ykhk mbkdj viuk vkffkzd fodkl djus yxrs gsaa bl n'kk dks os'ohdj.k dgrs gsaa os'ohdj.k dh fo'ks"krk,sa & 1- lkozhkksfeddj.ka 2-,dhdj.kA 3- ltkrh;rka 4- rduhdh ;ksx;rk vksj dq'kyrka m-12 nckc lewgksa dh fo'ks"krk,sa & ncko lewg,d vksipkfjd laxbu gksrk gsa 2- bldk dk;z ljdkj ij bl rjg dk ncko Mkyuk gsa ftlls ljdkj dh uhfr;ksa ls mlds fgrksa ij izfrdwy izhkko u im+sa 15

17 3-,d ncko lewg ds lnl;ksa ds chp tkx:drk ds laca/k gksrs gsaa 4- ncko lewg dh izo`fr jktusfrd ny ls bl vfkz eas fhkuu gs fd buds lnl;ksa dk n`f"vdks.k leku gksus ds ckn Hkh lrrk eas budh Hkkxhnkjh ugha gksrha iwathifr Ñ"kd oxz & Hkkjr eas Lora=rk ds ckn tc tehankjh O;oLFkk lekir gqbz rks ml le; cgqr ls tehankjksa us Hkwfe ds,d cm+s fglls ij Lo;a gh [ksrh djus dk nkok fd;ka bl rjg cgqr ls tehankj cm+s&cm+s Ñ"kd Hkh cu x;sa,sls Ñ"kdksa dks ge /kuh Ñ"kd Hkh dg ldrsa gsa ftuds ikl lsadm+ksa,dm+ Ñf"k Hkwfe dk ekfydkuk gd FksA fqj Hkh,sls Ñ"kdksa dks iwathifr Ñ"kd oxksaz eas ugha ekuk tkrka fodkl ;kstukvksa ds QyLo:i tc ubz ;kstukvksa ds }kjk [ksrh djus dk izpyu c<+k rks Ñf"k ds {ks= eas Hkh iwathoknh O;oLFkk dh izo`frr Li"V gksus yxha m Hkkjr dh HkkSxksfyd fofo/krk ds lkfk gh Hkkjrh; lekt eas /kkfezd] Hkk"kk;h] iztkrh;] tkfrxr] ltkrh; rfkk tula[;k laca/kh fhkuurk;s a Hkh cgqr Li"V :i ls ns[kus dks feyrh gsaaa fofhkuu lewgksa dh lkalñfrd fo'ks"krkvksa] O;ogkj] fu;eksa] [kkuiku] os'khkw"kk vksj O;ogkfjd thou eas cgqr varj gsa bl vk/kkj ij izeq[k lkekftd vksj lkalñfrd fhkuurkvksa dks le>k tk, tks bl lekt dk vfhkuu vax cu pqdh gsaa 1- /kkfezd fhkuurk,saa 2- Hkk"kk;h fhkuurk,s aa 3- lkalñfrd fhkuurk,saaa 4- iztkrh; fhkuurk,saa 5- ltkrh; fhkuurka 16

18 Hkkjrh; lekt eas,drk ds rro & 1- Hkkjrh; lekt eas fofhkuu /kkfezd dsunz vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lrj ij lkekftd] lkalñfrd,drk dks c<+kus ea s lcls vf/kd ;ksxnku djrs jgs gsaa 2- gekjh lalñfr nwljh lalñfr dh rqyuk eas /kkfezd vksj lkekftd R;kSgkjksa rd dh la[;k lcls vf/kd gsa 3- vrhr eas Hkkjrh; lalñfr ds vkn'kksza dks vusd egkdko;ksa eas Li"V fd;k gsa 4- Hkkjrh; lekt dh lkalñfrd igpku eas vk/;kreokn vksj dezqy dh vo/kkj.kk dk cgqr vf/kd egro jgk gsa 5- Hkkjrh; lekt dk fohkktu vusd o.kksza eas gksus ds ckn Hkh ijeijkxr :i ls ;gka ttekuh O;oLFkk fodflr dh xbz gsa m-14 xzkeh.k leqnk; dh fo'ks"krk,sa & Ñf"k eq[; O;olk; & xzkeh.k leqnk; eas vf/kdka'k O;fDr [ksrh ls tqms+ gq, O;olk;ksa }kjk vkthfodk mikftzr djrs gsaa 2- NksVk vkdkj & lk/kkj.kr;k xkaoksa eas jgus okys vf/kdka'k O;fDr,d nwljs ds ukrsnkj gksrs gsaa 3- izkñfrd i;kzoj.k & xzkeh.k leqnk; dk thou izkñfrd n'kkvksa ls vf/kd izhkkfor gksrk gsa 4- ifjokj & lkekthdj.k dk eq[; vk/kkja 5- lknk thou & xzkeh.k thou dh,d izeq[k fo'ks"krk ;g gs fd budk thou lknk vksj ijaijkoknh gksrk gsa 17

19 uxjh; leqnk; dh fo'ks"krk,sa & 1- tula[;k dh vf/kdrk & uxj dh,d izeq[k fo'ks"krk nwljs leqnk; dh rqyuk eas bldk vkdkj vksj tula[;k dk?kuro cgqr vf/kd gksuk gsa 2- lkekftd fofhkuurka 3- fodflr izks ksfxdha 4- Je fohkktu vksj fo'ks"khdj.ka 5- O;kolkf;d fhkuurka m-15 Hkkjr eas jk"vªh; f'k{kk uhfr & 05 Hkkjr eas igyh jk"vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 1986 eas?kksf"kr dh xbza bldk mn~ns'; f'k{kk ds ijaijkxr :i dks cnydj f'k{kk dks lkekftd vksj jk"vªh; psruk] oskkfud Kku vksj O;kolkf;d fodkl dk ek/;e cukuk FkkA lu~ 2001 eas loz f'k{kk vfhk;ku ds :i eas ubz uhfr?kksf"kr dh xbza bldk mn~ns'; lu~ 2007 rd lhkh cppksa dks izkfkfed f'k{kk dh lqfo/kk,sa miyc/k djkuk vksj lu~ 2010 rd lhkh cppksa ds fy;s 8oha rd f'k{kk nsuk j[kk x;ka bl uhfr eas f'k{kk dks cppkksa ds LokLFk ls tksm+us dk Hkh iz;ru fd;k x;ka Lora= Hkkjr eas f'k{kk & Hkkjr eas tc jk"vªh; Lora=rk vkanksyu dkqh tksj idm+us yxk rc /khjs /khjs bl ckr dh lahkkouk cm+us yxh fd tynh gh Hkkjr,d Lora= jk"vª cu tk,xka mlh le; egkrek xka/kh usa?kks"k.kk dh fd vaxzsth <ax dh f'k{kk cppkas dks prqfnzd fodkl eas ck/kd gs D;ks afd ;g f'kf{kr yksxksa dks vf'kf{kr yksxksa ls nwj ys tkrh gs mugksusa vkffkzd :i ls detksj ns'k ds fy;s,d,slh f'k{kk ij tksj fn;k ftldh lgk;rk ls yksx jkstxkj ds volj izkir dj ldsaa bl f'k{kk dks egkrek xka/kh usa cqfu;knh f'k{kk dk uke fn;ka Lora= Hkkjr ea s f'k{kk laca/kh uhfr ds ckjs eas ;gka ds iz/kkuea=h tokgj yky usg: ds fopkj egkrek xka/kh ls 18

20 fhkuu FksA usg: th pkgrs Fks fd,slh f'k{kk O;oLFkk ykxw dh tk, tks vks ksfxd] rduhdh vksj oskkfud fodkl eas lgk;rk ns ldsa blds fy;s jk/kkñ".k vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk dh xbza 1964 eas nwljk vk;ksx LFkkfir fd;k ftls dksbkjh vk;ksx ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gsa m-16 la;qdr ifjokj ds xq.k,oa nks"k & 05 xq.k % 1- O;fDr dk lkekthdj.ka 2- lkekftd lqj{kka 3- lalñfr dk glrkarj.ka 4- vksipkfjd lkekftd fu;a=.ka 5- LoLFk euksjatua nks"k % 1- O;fDrRo fodkl eas ck/kda 2- lnl;ksa eas }s"k vksj dyga 3- lkekftd lel;kvksa dk iks"k.ka 4- ihf<+;ksa ds chp rukoa 5- xfr'khyrk eas ck/kda Hkkjr eas fefjr lalñfr dks izksrlkgu nsus okys eq[; vk/kkj & 1- /kezfujis{krk & ;g og fl)kar gs tks lhkh /keksaz ds izfr leku n`f"vdks.k viukus ij tksj nsrk gsa 2- lkekftd lekurk & Hkkjr ea s Lora=rk ds ckn,d,slh O;oLFkk LFkkfir dh xbz ftleas fofhkuu /keksaz] tkfr;ks a] oxksa Z vksj fyax ds chp fdlh rjg dk fohksn fd;s fcuk mugsa fodkl ds leku volj fn;s x;sa 19

21 3- yksdru=hdj.k & Lora=rk ds igys Hkkjr ea s osfnd dky ls ysdj fczfv'kdky rd ges'kk jktk mlds fo'oklik= vf/kdkfj;ksa vksj cm+s&cm+s ljnkjksa dk 'kklu jgka 4- oskkfud f'k{kk & ijaijkxr :i ls Hkkjr eas /kez iz/kku f'k{kk dk izpyu FkkA tks xq:dqy iz.kkyh ij vk/kkfjr FkhA 5- lkalñfrd lghkkfxrk & Hkkjr eas fefjr lalñfr dks fodflr djus eas m-17 fofhkuu vfo"dkjksa vksj O;ogkj ds rjhdksa ds vknku iznku eas Hkh ;ksxnku fd;k gsa vks ksxhdj.k dk vfkz & 05 vks ksxhdj.k,d,slh izfø;k gs ftlds varxzr e'khuksa }kjk cm+h ek=k eas mriknu djds vf/kd ls vf/kd ykhk izkir djus dk iz;ru fd;k tkrk gsa bl izfø;k ds QyLi:i vkt gekjs lkekftd] vkffkzd] /kkfezd vksj xzkeh.k thou eas O;kid ifjorzu gq, gsaa Hkkjrh; lekt ij vks ksxhdj.k ds izhkko & 1- lkekftd lajpuk eas ifjorzua 2- vkffkzd thou eas ifjorzua 3- /kkfezd thou eas ifjorzua 4- xzkeh.k thou eas ifjorzua if'pehdj.k & Hkkjr dh lkalñfrd lajpuk eas ifjorzu ykus okyh nwljh izeq[k izfø;k dks,e- Jhfuokl uas if'pehdj.k ds uke ls lacksf/kr fd;ka lkeku; cksypky dh Hkk"kk eas if'pehdj.k dk vfkz if'peh ns'kksa ds leku os'khkw"kk] [kkuiku rfkk O;ogkjksa ds <axksa dks xzg.k djus ls le> fy;k tkrk gsa if'pehdj.k dh fo'ks"krk,s a & 1-,d rvlfk vo/kkj.kka 2-,d O;kid vo/kkj.kka 20

22 3-,d fuf'pr vkn'kz dk vhkkoa 4- u, ewy;ks a dk lekos'ka 5-,d tfvy izfø;ka m-18 Hkkjr eas f'k{kk dh lel;k & Hkkjr eas f'k{kk dh lcls cm+h lel;k bleas O;kogkfjd fu;kstu dk vhkko gsa 2- nks"kiw.kz ijh{kk iz.kkyh gekjh f'k{kk O;oLFkk dh,d vu; lel;k gsa 3- f'k{kk eas izcu/k vksj lk/kuksa dh deh ds dkj.k fo kffkz;ksa dks os lqfo/kk,as ugha fey ikrh tks muds O;fDrRo ds fodkl ds fy;s t:jh gsaa 4-,d vu; lel;k f'k{kk eas jktusfrd glr{ksi c<+uk gsa 5- orzeku f'k{kk O;oLFkk ij lekt ds leiuu yksxksa dk izhkko c<+rk tk jgk gsa tulapkj ds lk/ku % orzeku ;qx eas tulapkj ds lk/kuksa dk egroiw.kz LFkku gs & 1- Vsyhfotu % orzeku ;qx eas Vsyhfotu ;k nwjn'kzu tulapkj dk lcls izhkko'kkyh lk/ku gsa 2- jsfm;ks % nqfu;k ds lhkh ns'kksa dh rjg Hkkjr eas Hkh jsfm;ks tulapkj dk,d egroiw.kz lk/ku gsa 3- lekpkj i= if=dk,sa & izsl ;k nwljs 'kcnksa eas lekpkj i= ;k if=dk,sa vkt tu lapkj dk lcls cm+k ek/;e gsa 4- pyfp= & bls ge tulapkj dk n`';&jo; ek/;e Hkh dgrs gsaa 5- nwjlapkj % Hkkjr eas gksus okyh lapkj Økafr eas nwjlapkj dk eq[; LFkku gsa 21

23 m lekt 'kkfl=;ksa usa lkekftd vkanksyu dh mrifrr dks vusd dkj.kksa ds vk/kkj ij Li"V fd;k gsa,e-,l-,- jko ds vuqlkj bleas rhu n'kk,sa vf/kd egroiw.kz gsa & 1- rqyukred vhkko cks/k,d fo'ks"k lewg esa viuh orzeku n'kkvksa ds izfr vlarks"k isnk djds mugsa vkanksyu ds fy;s izksrlkgu nsrk gsa 2- lekt dh lajpuk ls lacaf/kr ruko O;ogkj ds rjhdksa dks cnyus ij tksj nsdj,d fo'ksz"k vkanksyu dks tue nsrs gsaa 3- iquthzou dk fl)kar ;g Li"V djrk gs fd tc dksbz lewg ;k leqnk; lekt eas QSyh dqjhfr;ksa dks nwj djds viuk lq/kkj Lo;a djuk pkgrk gs rc blls Hkh lkekftd vkanksyu dks cy feyrk gsa lkekftd vkanksyu dh vo/kkj.kk &,e-,l-,- jko usa fy[kk gs fd ß,d lkekftd vkanksyu lekt eas fdlh Hkkx }kjk lekt eas vkaf'kd ;k iw.kz ifjorzu ykus ds fy;s fd;k tkus okyk iz;ru gsa bleas,d fopkj/kkjk ij vk/kkfjr lkeqfgd iz;ru 'kkfey gksrs gsaaþ lkekftd vkanksyu dh fo'ks"krk,s a & m ladv ;k lel;ka 2- lkewfgd iz;rua 3-,d fopkj/kkjka 4- fu/kkzfjr mn~~ns';a 5- usr`ro rfkk laxbua tutkfr dk vfkz & 06 lkalñfrd vk/kkj ij Hkkjrh; lekt eas tutkfr;ksa dh flfkfr xsj tutkrh; leqnk;ksa ls fhkuu gsa tutkfr;ka lekt dh eksfyd lalñfr dh izfrfuf/k gksrh gsa bldk fuokl fdlh taxyh igkm+h ;k lhekur {ks= eas gksrk gsa 22

24 tutkfr;ks a dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,s a & 1- lkeku; uke % izr;sd tutkfr dk viuk,d fo'ks"k uke gksrk gs rfkk blh ds vk/kkj ij,d tutkfr ds lhkh yksx lekurk dh psruk }kjk ca/ks jgrs gsaa 2-,d {ks=h; leqnk; & izr;sd tutkfr,d fuf'pr Hkw Hkkx eas fuokl djrh gsa 3- i`fkd Hkk"kk & izr;sd tutkfr dh,d vyx Hkk"kk gksrh gsa 4- vkrefuhkzjrk & tutkfr,d vkrefuhkzj leqnk; gsa oxz O;oLFkk & oxz O;oLFkk lekt esa vkffkzd fohksnhdj.k dk eq[; vk/kkj gsa oxz O;oLFkk mu lektksa eas lcls vf/kd Li"V :i ls ns[kus dks feyrh gs tks vks ksfxd vksj vk/kqfud gsaa tkfr rfkk oxz eas varj & 1- tkfr dh lnl;rk tue ij vk/kkfjr gksrh gsa ysfdu oxz O;oLFkk eas O;fDr dh flfkfr dk fu/kkzj.k mldh vkffkzd lqyrk] ;ksx;rk vksj iz;ruksa ls gksrk gsa 2- tkfr O;oLFkk eas O;fDrxr ;ksx;rk dk dksbz egro ugha gksrk tcfd oxz dh lnl;rk dk vf/kdkj gh O;fDrxr ;ksx;rk gsa 3- tkfr O;oLFkk eas is'ks dk pquko tue ds vk/kkj ij gksrk gsa oxz eas ijaijkxr is'ks dk vf/kd egro gksrk gsa 4- tkfr O;oLFkk ds vuqlkj fdlh tkfr dh lnl;rk,d ckj fey tkus ds ckn mls thou Hkj cnyk ugha tk ldrk gsa nwljh vksj oxz eas O;fDr viuh lnl;rk dks /ku ;ksx;rk ds vk/kkj ij cny ldrk gsa 23

25 m-21 Hkkjr eas jkt; ds lkeus pquksfr;ka & lkekftd vkanksyu &,e-,l-,- jko usa viuh iqlrd ßHkkjr eas lkekftd vkanksyu eas fy[kk gsþ lkekftd vkanksyu lekt eas fdlh Hkkx }kjk lekt eas vkaf'kd ;k iw.kz ifjorzu ykus ds fy;s fd;k tkus okyk laxfbr iz;ru gsa 2- ncko lewg fgr lewg vksj la?kokn & ncko lewg ;k fgr lewg dk rkri;z mu xqvksa ls gksrk gs tks ljdkj dh uhfr;ksa dks izhkkfor djus ds fy;s laxfbr gksrs gsaa budk mn~ns'; ljdkj ij nckc Mkyuk gksrk gs ftlls muds fgr vf/kd ls vf/kd lqjf{kr jg ldsaa 3- lkeiznkf;drk & Hkkjr eas lkaiznkf;drk dk vkjahk fczfv'k dky eas vaxsztksa usa ^QwV Mkyks jkt djks* dh uhfr ds varxzr fd;ka 4- {ks=okn & orzeku n'kkvksa eas {ks=okn jk"vªh;,dhdj.k ds lkeus,d izeq[k pquksrh gsa {ks=okn og Hkkouk gs tks,d fo'ks"k {ks= ds yksxksa dks izr;sd n'kk eas vius {ks= dh lalñfr Hkk"kk vksj lalk/kuks a ds fy;s ljdkj ij nckc Mkyus ij izksrlkgu nsrh gsa 5- tkfrokn & jktuhfr dh Hkk"kk eas viuh tkfr ds izfr fu"bk dh Hkkouk gh tkfrokn gsa 6- Hkz"Vkpkj & vkt gekjs ns'k eas jktusrkvksa] iz'kklfud vf/kdkjh] iqfyl] lkoztfud lsokvksa ls lacaf/kr fohkkxksa vksj O;kikfj;ksa eas dksbz Hkh oxz,slk ugha gs ftleas Hkz"Vkpkj dh tm+sa cgqr xgjkbz rd u igaqp pqdh gksaa Hkkjr eas f'k{kk dh lel;k dks nwj djus ds mik; & 1- futh izca/k }kjk lapkfyr lalfkkvksa ij ljdkj dk bruk fu;a=.k t:j gksuk pkfg;s fd muds }kjk Nk=ksa dk vkffkzd vksj cksf)d 'kks"k.k u fd;k tk ldsa 24

26 2- f'k{kk dks jktuhfr ls vyx j[kk tk;sa yksdra= eas pquko dk egro t:j gs ysfdu f'k{kk lalfkkvksa ea s pquko dh iz.kkyh easa,d vlolf; dk okrkoj.k fd;k gsa bls nwj djuk t:jh gsa 3- xzkeh.k Lrj ij Ñf"k m ksx /ka/kksa rfkk nlrdkjh dk izf'k{k.k nsus okyh lalfkkvksa dh O;kid Lrj ij LFkkiuk t:jh gsa 4- f'k{kk }kjk /kez] tkfr] Hkk"kk {ks= ds HksnHkko dks lekir djus ds fy;s bl vk/kkj ij lapkfyr f'k{k.k lalfkkvksa dks izksrlkgu ugha feyuk pkfg;sa 5-,d,slh f'k{kk uhfr dk gksuk t:jh gs tks ns'k dh orzeku t:jrksa vksj lk/kuksa ds vuwdwy gksa f'k{kk uhfr eas dsoy mugha mn~ns';ksa dks 'kkfey djuk pkfg;sa ftugsa oklro eas izkir fd;k tk ldsa 6- orzeku n'kkvks a eas izr;sd {ks= ls lacaf/kr f'k{kk eas usfrd f'k{kk dks t:j 'kkfey djuk pkfg;sa D;ksafd f'k{kk dk ewy mn~ns'; gh Nk= dk usfrd vksj cksf)d fodkl djuk gsa 25