izkn'kz iz'u i= 2013&14 fo"k; & bfrgkl d{kk & ckjgoha lsv&ch

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1 le;& 3?kaVs izkn'kz iz'u i= 2013&14 fo"k; & bfrgkl d{kk & ckjgoha lsv&ch iw.kkzad& 100 Time- 3 Hours Maximum Mark 100 funsz'k& i. lhkh iz'u vfuok;z gsa ii. iz'u i= esa fn;s x;s funsz'k lko/kkuh iwozd i<+dj mrrj fyf[k,a iii. iz'u 1 ls 5 rd olrqfu"b iz'u gs ftuds vurxzr fjdr LFkkuksa dh iwfrz] lr;@vlr;] lgh tksm+h cukuk],d okd; esa mrrj rfkk lgh fodyi dk p;u djuk gsa izr;sd iz'u 5 vad dk gsa 1x5= 5x5 = 25 vad iv. iz'u Øekad 6 ls 24 rd esa vkurfjd fodyi fn;s x;s gsa v. iz'u Øekad 6 ls 10 rd izr;sd iz'u ds fy, 2 vad,oa iz'uksa ds mrrj yxhkx 30 'kcnksa esa fy[kuk gsa vi. iz'u Øekad 11 ls 17 rd izr;sd iz'u ds fy;s 4 vad,oa iz'uksa ds mrrkj yxhkx 75 'kcnksa esa fy[kuk gsa vii. iz'u Øekad 18 ls 22 rd izr;sd iz'u ds fy, 5 vad,oa iz'uksa ds mrrj yxhkx 120 'kcnksa esa fy[kuk gsa viii. iz'u Øekad 23 rfkk 24 esa izr;sd iz'u ij 6 vad,oa iz'uksa ds mrrj yxhkx 150 'kcnksa esa fy[kuk gsa Instructions i. All question are compulsory. ii. Please the instructions carefully before writing the answer. iii. Q. No. 1 to 5 are objective type which contain fill up the Blank, True/False, match the column, one sentence answer and choose the correct answers. Each question is allotted 5 marks. 1x1 = 5x5 =25 Marks. iv. Internal options are given in Q. No. 6 to 24. v. Q. No. 6 to 10 carry 2 marks each and answer should be given in about 30 words. vi. Q. No. 11 to 17 carry 4 marks each and answer should be given in about 75 words. vii. Q. No. 18 to 22 carry 5 marks each and answer should be given in about 120 words. viii. Q. No. 23 and 24 carry 6 marks each and answer should be given in about 150 words. 1

2 olrqfu"b iz'u Objective Type Questions iz'u 1- lgh fodyi dk p;u dhft,a ¼v½ ifg, dh [kkst fdl dky esa gqbz FkhA ¼i½ iqjkik"kk.k dky esa ¼ii½ e/;ik"kk.k dky esa ¼iii½ uoik"kk.k dky esa ¼iv½ buesa ls dksbz ugha ¼c½ osfnd dky esa jktk dks fujadq'k gksus ls jksdrs Fks o vf/kdkjksa dks lfefr djrs Fks & ¼i½ turk ¼ii½ iqjksfgr ¼iii½ lhkk vksj lfefr ¼iv½ /kez xq: vksj U;k;k/kh'k ¼l½ Hkkjrh; jk"vªh; dkaxzsl ds izfke v/;{k Fks & ¼i½ lqjsunz ukfk csuthz ¼ii½ nknk HkkbZ uksjksth ¼iii½ O;kses'kpUn csuthz ¼iv½,-vks- à;we ¼n½ v"vkax ekxz fdl /kez ls lacaf/kr gs & ¼i½ cks) /kez ¼ii½ tsu /kez ¼iii½ os".ko /kez ¼iv½ 'kso /kez ¼b½ e/;izns'k dk xbu gqvk & ¼i½ 1 uoecj 1980 ¼ii½ 1 uoecj 1956 ¼iii½ 1 uoecj 1960 ¼iv½ 1 uoecj 1948 Choose the correct option in the following. (a) The wheel was discovered in - (i) Pre Stone Age (ii) Mid Stone Age (iii) Neo Stone Age (iv) None of these. (b) What put up a bar on the whims and fanices of the rulers of the Vedic period - (i) Public (ii) Priests (iii) Assembly and community (iv) Sages and Judges 2

3 (c) First president of Indian National Congress was - (i) Surendra Nath Banarjee (ii) Dada Bhai Nauraji (iii) Vyomesh Chandra Banarjee (iv) A.O. Hume (d) Ashtang Marg (Eight Path) is related to which religion - (i) Buddhism (ii) Jainism (iii) Vaishnavism (iv) Shaivism (e) Madhya Pradesh was formed on - (i) 1 st November 1980 (ii) 1 st November 1956 (iii) 1 st November 1960 (iv) 1 st Novembr 1948 iz'u 2- lgh tksfm+;ka cukb;s& v & c ¼v½ pun cjnkbz & eqgeen rqxyd ¼c½ bcucrwrk & lu~ 1905 ¼l½ vfhkys[k & lu~ 1906 ¼n½ caxky fohkktu & i`fohjkt jklks ¼b½ eqflye yhx & iqjkrkfrod L=ksr ¼lk/ku½ Match the following. A - B (a) Chand Bardai - Mohammad Tughlak (b) Ibn Batuta (c) Incriptions (d) Partition of Bengal - Prithviraj Raso (e) Muslim League - Archeological source. iz'u 3- fjdr LFkkuksa dh iwfrz dhft,a ¼i½ fcfeclkj ds iq= dk uke fkka ¼ii½ fljkt&mn~&nksyk ds ckn caxky dk uokc cuka ¼iii½ lu 1974 esa n;kuun ljlorh us uked xzafk dh jpuk dha 3

4 ¼iv½ rktegy dk fuekz.k eqxy 'kkld us djok;k FkkA ¼v½ iqjunj dh laf/k ds e/; gqbz FkhA Fill in the blanks. (i) The name of the Son of Bimbisar was... (ii)...become the Nawab of Bengal after Siraj-ud-Daula. (iii) Dayanand Sarswati wrote...book in 1874 AD. (iv) The mugal ruler...built the Taj Mahal. (v) The Treaty of Purandar was done between... iz'u 4- fueufyf[kr od;ksa esa lr;,oa vlr; crkb;s & ¼i½ ^^dsljh** uked lekpkj i= dk izdk'ku Jherh,uh cslsuv }kjk fd;k x;k FkkA ¼ii½ dfu"d ds lkezkt; dh jkt/kkuh iq:"kiqj FkhA ¼iii½ 1615 bz- esa FkkWel jks Hkkjr vk;k FkkA ¼iv½ jkcv Dykbo Hkkjr esa fczfv'k lkezkt; dk tuenkrk FkkA ¼v½ vk;z HkVV xqir dky dk oskkfud FkkA Mark true or false. (i) Smt. Annie Besent Published the News Paper "Kesari". (ii) The capital of the kingdom of kanishka was purushpur. (iii) Thomas Row came to India in 1615 AD. (iv) Robert clive was the founder of British Emprie in India. (v) Aryabhatt was the scientist of Gupta Period. iz'u 5-,d okd; esa mrrj fyf[k,a 1- D;k caxky dk lsb th fljktqnnksyk ds fo:) "km;a= esa 'kkfey Fkk\ 2- g"kz ds 'kklu dky esa f'k{kk dk izeq[k dksu lk Fkk\ 3- vdcj dk laj{kd dksu Fkk\ 4- rjkbu dk f}rh; ;q) dc gqvk Fkk\ 4

5 5- fnyyh lyrur dh izfke efgyk 'kkfldk dksu Fkh\ Write the Answer of the following questions in a sentence or in a word. 1. Bengali seth involved in the conspiracy against Sirajuddolla? 2. What was the important centre of learning during the regin of Harshvardhan? 3. Who was the guardian of Akbar? 4. When was the II battle of Tarain fought? 5. Who was the first lady emperor of Delhi Sultant? iz'u 6- eks;z dky dh tkudkjh fdldh lkfgfr;d jpukvksa ls feyrh gsa Which literary compositions give the information of Morya Period? Or lezkv g"kz dh tkudkjh ds laca/k esa crkrs gq, g"kzo/kzu }kjk jfpr lkfgfr;d jpukvksa dks crkb;s\ What do you no about King Harsh and also described the literary creations of Harshwardhan? iz'u 7- osn dk vfkz,oa la[;k crkrs gq, osnksa ds uke crkb;s\ Give the meaning of word Ved, their numbers and names? Or osfnd dky dks fdrus dky esa fohkkftr fd;k gs\ muds uke crkb;sa In how many periods, Vedic Times of divided and give their names. iz'u 8- ijekj oa'k dk jktk Hkkst fdldk iq= Fkk,oa dc xnnh ij csbk\ Whose sons was Raja Bhoj of Parmar dynasty and when did he sit on the throne? Or 5

6 pksgku oa'k dk vfure 'kkld dksu Fkk\ bldh ohj xkfkkvksa dk o.kzu fdl xzufk esa feyrk gs\ Who was the last ruler of the Chouhan dynasty. Which book describe his tales of bravery? iz'u 9- vdcj us bcknr[kkus dh LFkkiuk dgka vksj dc dh\ When and where did Akbar build the Ibatkhana? Or vdcj us fdl bzloha esa fgunqvksa ls fdl dj dks lekir dj fn;k\ When and which tax pertaining to Hindus did Akbar abolish? iz'u 10- Hkkjr esa vkus okyh pkj ;wjksih; tkfr;ksa ds uke crkb;s\ Give the name of four Uropian races to arrive in India. Or vyehm+k dksu Fkk\ og Hkkjr esa dc ls dc rd jgk\ Who was Almeda? How long did hi live in India? iz'u 11- izkphu Hkkjrh; bfrgkl dh tkudkjh ds iqjkrkfrod lk/kuksa dk myys[k dhft,a Explain the archological sources for knowing the Ancient Indian History. izkphu ik"kk.k ;qx vksj uoik"kk.k ;qx ds e/; vurj crkb,a Describe the differenses between Paleolithic and Neolithic age. Or 6

7 iz'u 12- _XoSfnd dky esa fl=;ksa dh n'kk dslh Fkh\ How was the condition of women in Rigvaidic Period? Or flu/kq lh;rk dh nsu D;k Fkh\ crkb;sa Mention the contributin of Indus valley civilizaton. iz'u 13- xqirdky esa gqbz oskkfud izxfr dk myys[k dhft,a Mention the progress of science by Gupt Period. Or v'kksd ds /kez izpkj ds lk/ku fyf[k,a Mention the ways of spreading religion of Ashok. iz'u 14- f'kokth dh ^^v"v iz/kku** O;oLFkk le>kb,a Explain the "Ashth Pradhan" system of Shivaji. Or pksfk vksj ljns'keq[kh ds fo"k; esa vki D;k tkurs gsa le>kb,a What do you know about "Chauth" and "Sardeshmukhi"? Explain. iz'u 15- bykgkckn dh laf/k dh 'krksza dk myys[k djrs gq, mlds egro dk le>kb,a Mention the terms & condition of Treaty of Allahabad. Explain its importance. Or Hkkjr esa vaxzst&ýkalhlh la?k"kz esa Ýkalhfl;ksa dh vlqyrk ds dkj.k fyf[k,a Write any four causes for failure of French in Anglo-French confliet in India. 7

8 iz'u 16- Hkkjrh; iqutkzxj.k ds Hkkjrh; lekt ij im+us okys izhkkoksa dk o.kzu dhft,a Describe the influencees of Indian Renaissance on Indian Society. Or Hkkjr esa vaxzsth 'kklu ds lkekftd,oa /kkfezd izhkkoksa dk o.kzu dhft,a Describe the social and religious efects of British Rule in India. iz'u 17- pj.k iknqdk xksyh dk.m ds ckjs esa la{ksi esa fyf[k,a Or >.Mk lr;kxzg D;k gs\ o.kzu dhft,a iz'u 18- ^^g"kz esa v'kksd,oa leqnz xqir nksuksa ds xq.kk dk lekos'k FkkA** le>kb;sa "Harshvardhan had the qualities of Ashok and Samudragupt both". Explain. Or eks;zdkyhu LFkkuh; iz'kklfud O;oLFkk dks le>kb;sa Explian the local administrative system of Mauryas. iz'u 19- vykmn~nhu f[kyth dh ^^cktkj fu;a=.k uhfr** le>kb,a Explain the "Market Controlling System" of Allauddin Khilzi. Or 8

9 HkfDr vkanksyu ds izhkkoksa dh foospuk dhft,a Discuss the inffuences of Bhakti Movement. iz'u 20- ejkbksa ds mrd"kz ds dksbz ikap dkj.kksa dk o.kzu dhft,a Describe any five causes of rise of Marathas. ejkbk jk"vª fuekzrk ds :i esa f'kokth dk ewy;kadu dhft,a Or Evaluate Shivaji as Maratha's Nation builder. iz'u 21- jktk jkeeksgu jk; egku lekt lq/kkjd Fks Li"V dhft,a "Raja Ram Mohan Roy was great social reformer. Explain. Or 1857 bz- dh Økafr dk vkjahk fdu lsfud dkj.kksa ls gqvk\ fyf[k,a Which militant causes inicited the revolt of 1857? iz'u bz- dh Økafr esa e/;izns'k ds ;ksxnku dk o.kzu dhft,a Describe the contribution of Madhya Pradesh in revolt of Or e/;izns'k esa izkir izkphu Lekjdksa dk myys[k dhft,a Describe Ancient Monuments of Madhya Pradesh. iz'u 23- vdcj dh jktiwr uhfr Li"V djrs gq, mlds ifj.kke fyf[k,a Mention the Rajpoot Policy of Akbar and write its results. 9

10 Or ^^'kkgtgka dk dky eqxy dky dk Lo.kZ ;qx Fkk** foospuk dhft,a "The period of Shahjahan was Golden age of Moughals". Discuss. iz'u 24- Hkkjrh;ksa esa jk"vªh; psruk ds mn; ds izeq[k N% dkj.kksa dk o.kzu dhft,a Describe any six causes of National consciousness in India. Or Hkkjr NksM+ks vkunksyu ds dkj.k,oa ifj.kkeksa dh foospuk dhft,a Describe the causes and results of Quit India Movment. & & & & & & 10

11 mrrj 1- mrrj 2- mrrj 3- lgh mrrj & ¼v½ ¼iii½ uoik"kk.k dkya ¼c½ ¼i½ lhkk vksj lfefr ¼l½ ¼iii½ O;kses'kpUnz cuthz ¼n½ ¼i½ cks) /kez ¼b½ ¼ii½ 1 uoecj 1956 lgh tksfm;ka & vkn'kz mrrj bfrgkl History olrqfu"b iz'u ds mrrj 5 lgh gy djus ij 5 vad izkir gksaxs =5 v & c ¼v½ pun cjnkbz & i`fohjkt jklks ¼c½ bcucrwrk & eqgeen rqxyd ¼l½ vfhkys[k & iqjkrkfrod L=ksr ¼lk/ku½ ¼n½ caxky fohkktu & lu~ 1905 ¼b½ eqflye yhx & lu~ 1906 fjdr LFkku & ¼i½ vtkr'k=q ¼ii½ ehjtkqj ¼iii½ lr;kfkz izdk'k ¼iv½ 'kkgatgka ¼v½ f'kokth vksj jktk t;flag 5 lgh gy djus ij 5 vad izkir gksaxs =5 5 lgh gy djus ij 5 vad izkir gksaxs =5 11

12 mrrj 4- mrrj 5- mrrj 6- & ¼i½ vlr; ¼ii½ lr; ¼iii½ lr; ¼iv½ lr; ¼v½ lr; 5 lgh gy djus ij 5 vad izkir gksaxs =5,d okd; esa mrrj & 1- caxky dk lsb vehjpun fljktqnnksyk ds fo:) "km;a= esa 'kkfey FkkA 2- g"kz ds 'kklu dky esa ukyank f'k{kk dk izeq[k dsunz FkkA 3- vdcj dk laj{kd csje [kka FkkA 4- rjkbu dk f}rh; ;q) 1192 esa gqvka 5- fnyyh lyrur dh izfke 'kkfldk jft;k lqyrku FkhA 5 lgh gy djus ij 5 vad izkir gksaxs =5 eks;zdky dh tkudkjh lksenso ds dfkk lfjr lkxj,oa fo'kk[knrr ls feyrh gsa 2 vad ¼mijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij 2 vad izkir gksaxs½ ck.khkvv dr g"kz pfjr ls lkezkt; g"kz ds dky dh tkudkjh feyrh gsa lezkv g"kz Lo;a,d vpnk lkfgr;dkj Fkk mlus ukxkuun] fiz;nf'kzdk,oa jrukoyh uked xzafk fy[ks FksA 2 vad ¼mijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij 2 vad izkir gksaxs½ mrrj 7- osn dk vfkz Kku gsa osn pkj gs& _Xosn] ;tqoszn] lkeosn] vfkoszna 12

13 ¼mijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij 2 vad izkir gksaxs½ 2 vad osfnd dky dks nks Hkkxksa esa fohkkftr fd;k x;k gs igyk iwoz osfnd dky nwljk mrrj osfnd dkya 2 vad ¼mijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij 2 vad izkir gksaxs½ mrrj 8- ijekj oa'k dk jktk Hkkst fla/kq jkt dk iq= FkkA ;g ijekj oa'k dk vr;ar yksdfiz; jktk 1018 bz- esa xnnh ij csbka 2 vad ¼mijksDrkuqlkj o.kzu fd;s tkus ij iw.kz 2 vad izkir gksaxs½ pksgku oa'k dk vafre vksj ohj 'kkld ifohjkt pksgku FkkA ifohjkt pksgku dh ohjrk iwozd xkfkkvksa dk o.kzu pancjnkbz us ifohjkt jklks uked xzufk esa fd;k gsa 2 vad ¼mijksDrkuqlkj o.kzu fd;s tkus ij iw.kz 2 vad izkir gksaxs½ mrrj 9- vdcj us bckjr[kkus dh LFkkiuk 1576 bz- esa Qrsgiqj lhdjh esa dha mijksdrkuqlkj folrkj ls fy[kus ij 2 vad iw.kz izkir gksaxsa 2 vad 13

14 vdcj us 1564 bz- esa fgunqvksa ls rhfkz ;k=k vksj tft;k dj lekir dj fgunqvksa ds izfr lekurk dk O;ogkj fd;ka 2 vad mijksdrkuqlkj folrkj ls fy[kus ij 2 vad iw.kz izkir gksaxsa mrrj 10- Hkkjr esa vkus okyh pkj ;wjksih; tkfr;ka iqrzxkyh] Mp] Ýsap rfkk vaxzst FkhA 2 vad mijksdrkuqlkj folrkj ls fy[kus ij 2 vad iw.kz izkir gksaxsa vyehm+k iqrzxkyh O;kikfjd deiuh dk xozuj cudj Hkkjr vk;ka og Hkkjr esa 1505 ls 1508 bz- rd Hkkjr esa jgk vksj O;kikj dks c<+k;ka 2 vad mijksdrkuqlkj folrkj ls fy[kus ij 2 vad iw.kz izkir gksaxsa mrrj 11- izkphu Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ds iqjkrkfrod L=ksr %& 1- vfhkys[k & vfhkys[k] f'kykvksa] pv~vkuksa] LrEHkksa] /kkrq i=ksa] eǹqhkk.mksa rfkk Lrwiksa ij vafdr,sls ys[k gs tks rrdkfyd fyfi esa mrdh.kz gsa buls rrdkyd lekt dh n'kk] /kkfezd flfkfr dk v/;;u rfkk dkyøe ds fu/kkzj.k esa enn feyrh gsa v'kksd] dq"kk.k] xqir] okdkjd] pkyqd;] jk.kdwj vkfn vusd jktoa'kksa ds bfrgkl dk fuekz.k bu vfhkys[kksa ds vk/kkj ij gh fd;k x;k gsa 2- fldds & 'kd gw.k dq"kk.k vkfn dh tkudkjh gesa muds flddksa ls gksrh gsa izkphu dky esa bfrgkl dh tkudkjh Hkh rrdkyhu eqnzkvksa o flddksa ls gksrh gsa buds ek/;e ls rrdkyhu jktuhfrd] lkekftd] /kkfezd lkald`frd rfkk iz'kklfud O;oLFkk dh tkudkjh feyrh gsa 14

15 3- Lekjd & Lekjdksa ds vurxzr Hkou rfkk ewfrz;ksa dk lekos'k gksrk gsa izkphu ewfrz;ksa ds v/;;u esa gesa LFkkiR; dyk ds Kku ds vfrfjdr /kkfezd fo'okl] dezdk.m] iwtk i)fr rfkk lkekftd thou ds lac/ak eas Hkh lwpuk;sa izkir gksrh gsa 4- dykd`fr;ka & mi;ksxh dykd`fr;ksa ls rrdkyhu lekt ds vkffkzd fodkl dks tkuk tk ldrk gsa Hkkjr ls izkir fev~vh ds crzuksa ls dyk fiz;rk dk Kku gksrk gs rfkk mudh fev~vh dh tkap djds mudh vk;qdk irk yxk dj bfrgkl ds dkyøe dh tkudkjh feyrh gsa 4 vad ¼mijksDrkuqlkj folrkj nsus ij dqy 4 vad izkir gksaxs½ izkphu ik"kk.k ;qx,oa uoik"kk.k ;qx esa vurj %& Ø- izkphu ik"kk.k ;qx 1 Hkkstu& bld dky esa ekuo dk Hkkstu danewy] Qy o ekal FkkA 2 bl dky esa ekuo ol= ds :i esa ism+ dh Nky o i'kqvksa dh [kky dk iz;ksx djrk FkkA 3 bldk dky esa ekuo o`{kksa ij ;k xqqkvksa esa fuokl djrk FkkA uoik"kk.k ;qx bl dky esa ekuo vukt] nw/k] ngh] 'kgn dk Hkh mi;ksx djrk FkkA bl dky esa i'kqvksa ds ckyksa rfkk iks/kksa ds js'kksa cus ol=ksa dk iz;ksx djrs FksA bl dky esa NIij o fev~vh ds edku cukus 'kq: dj fn;sa 4 d`f"k dk;z ls vifjfpr FkkA d`f"k djuk o vukt mriknu djuk lh[k x;ka 5 vkx dk vkfo"dkj dj ekuo us ifg;s ds vkfo"dkj us iwozorhz fodkl esa izhkkoh dne j[kka fodkl esa ubz fn'kk iznku dha 15

16 ¼mijksDrkuqlkj folrkj nsus ij dqy 4 vad izkir gksaxs½ 4 vad mrrj 12- _XoSfnd dky esa fl=;ksa dh n'kk & bl dky esa fl=;ksa dks mpp LFkku izkir FkkA mugsa vknj dh n`f"v ls ns[kk tkrk FkkA mugsa iq:"kksa ds leku lhkh /kkfezd o lkekftd dk;ksza esa Hkkx ysus dk vf/kdkj FkkA inkz izfkk dk izpyu ugha FkkA fl=;ksa dh f'k{kk dh mfpr O;oLFkk FkhA fo'oojk]?kks"k] vikyk ml ;qx dh izfrek leiuu fl=;ka FkhA?kj esa mudk LFkku leekuh; FkkA iruh vius ifr ds /kkfezd ;Kksa esa Hkkx ysrh Fkh vksj og?kj dh jkuh FkhA fqj Hkh fl=;ka iw.kz Lora= ugha Fkh fookg ls iwoz vius firk ds laj{k.k esa rfkk fookg ds ckn vius ifr ds laj{k.k esa jguk gksrk FkkA osfnd ;qx esa lrh izfkk dk izpyu ugha FkkA 4 vad ¼mijksDrkuqlkj o.kzu fd;s f tkus dqy 4 vad izkir gksaxs½ flu/kq lh;rk dh nsu & 1- uxjh; Lo'kklu & uxj dh pksm+h lm+d ds nksuksa vksj ;kstukc) edku] ikuh fudkl gsrq ukfy;ksa dh O;oLFkk] lm+dksa dh lqkbz] gkv&cktkj dh ewy; vksj uk&rksy dh O;oLFkk,a fl) djrh gs fd ml dky ds yksx uxjh; iz'kklu ls ifjfpr FksA 2- O;olk; rfkk O;kikfjd O;oLFkk,a & d`f"k,oa i'kqikyu ds vykok ewfrz m ksx] bzv m ksx] ol= m ksx rfkk vu; f'kyi dyk ls olrqvksa dk fuekz.k izeq[k FkkA ty rfkk Fky nksuksa ekxksza ls fons'kh O;kikj gksrk FkkA 3- fo'o dks ys[ku dyk fof/k ls ifjpr djk;ka 16

17 4- flu/kq lh;rk ls orzeku rd Hkkjr esa izd`fr ds izfr,d /kkfezd fujarjrk dk n`f"vxkspj gksuka 4 vad ¼mijksDrkuqlkj o.kzu fd;s tkus dqy 4 vad izkir gksaxs½ mrrj 13- xqir dky dh oskkfud izxfr & xqirdky esa fokku dh cgqr muufr gqbza bl dky esa vk;z HkV~V] cjkg fefgj vksj czg~e xqir tsls oskkfud gq,a vk;zhkv~v us igyh ckj izekf.kr fd;k fd i`foh viuh NqVh ij?kwerh gsa lw;z,oa punzxzg.k ds oskkfud dkj.k crk,a mugkasus n'keyo i)fr dk vkfo"dkj fd;ka czg~exqir us T;ksfr"k fo k ij czg~e&fl)kar dh jpuk dha cjkgfefgj bl dky ds izfl) T;ksfrf"k ekus tkrs gsa mugksaus o`gr~ lafgrk] o`gr~ tkrd o y?kq tkrd fy[kha blds vykok ukxktqzu /kuoarjh Hkh bldh dky ds egku oskkfud FksA /kuoarjh us ^^pjd lafgrk** dh jpuk dha 4 vad ¼mijksDrkuqlkj folrkj ls fy[kus f ij dqy 4 vad izkir gksaxs½ v'kksd ds /kez izpkj ds lk/ku & 1- cks) /kez ds fl)karksa dks vkpj.k esa ykuk & v'kksd us Lo;a ekal [kkuk rfkk f'kdkj djuk NksM+ fn;ka mlus ;q) u djus dk LkadYi fy;k vksj og fhk{kq dh Hkkafr lknk thou O;rhr djus yxka 2- cks) /kez dks jktdh; /kez?kksf"kr fd;k rfkk lelr jktdh; lk/kuksa dks cks) /kez ds izpkj izlkj esa yxk fn;ka 3- /kez egk;k=ksa dh fu;qfdr & budk izeq[k dk;z turk /kez ds fl)karksa dk izpkj dj yksxksa dks pfj=oku cukuk FkkA 4- /kez ;k=k,a & budk mn~ns'; czkg~e.k o lk/kqvksa dk n'kzu] mugsa migkj nku] tuin ds yksxksa ls feyuk] mugsa /kez laca/kh mins'k nsuk vkfn FkkA 17

18 ¼mijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij dqy 4 vad izkir gksaxs½ mrrj 14- f'kokth dh v"v iz/kku O;oLFkk & f'kokth dks ijke'kz nsus ds fy,,d eaf=ifj"kn gksrh FkhA bl ifj"kn esa dqy vkb ea=h Fks ftls v"v iz/kku eaf=ifj"kn dgk tkrk FkkA lhkh eaf=;ksa dks f'kokth Lo;a fu;qdr djrs FksA vkb iz/kkuksa ds uke] dk;z FksA 1- is'kok ;k iz/kkuea=h & budk izeq[k dk;z jkt; ds laiw.kz 'kklu dk fujh{k.k djuk rfkk jktk dh vuqiflfkfr esa mldk izfrfuf/kro vksj mlds funsz'kkuqlkj iz'kklu dk lapkyu djuka 2- vkeko; & f'kokth dh v"v iz/kku eaf= ifj"kn dk nwljk ea=h vkeko; dgykrk FkkA vkeko; dk vfkz& fohkkx dk iz/kku gksrk Fkk ftls etwenkj ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk FkkA 3- ea=h & ea=h jktk ds nsfud dk;ksza rfkk njckj dh dk;zokgh dk fooj.k j[krk FkkA blds vfrfjdr og jktk ds x`g izca/k ds fy;s Hkh mrrjnk;h gksrk FkkA 4- lfpo & ;g ea=h jktdh; i=&o;ogkj ds fy;s mrrjnk;h gksrk Fkk blds vfrfjdr ijxuksa dh vkenuh dk fglkc Hkh bl ea=h dks j[kuk gksrk FkkA 5- lqeur & f'kokth dh v"v iz/kku ea=h ifj"kn dk ;g fons'k ea=h FkkA ;g jktk dks osnsf'kd ekeyksa esa lykg nsrk FkkA 6- lsukifr & lsukifr lsu; fohkkx dk eq[; vf/kdkjh gksrk FkkA lsu; lapkyu rfkk lsuk dh O;oLFkk djuk mldk izeq[k drzo; FkkA 7- if.mrjko & ;g ea=h /kez rfkk nku fohkkx dk eqf[k;k gksrk FkkA ;g jkt; ds izeq[k jktiqjksfgr ds nkf;roksa dk fuozgu djrk FkkA 8- U;k;k/kh'k & ;g U;k; fohkkx dk v/;{k gksrk FkkA og nhokuh rfkk QkStnkjh >xm+ksa dk fu.kz; djrk FkkA f'kokth dh v"v iz/kku ea=h ifj"kn 18

19 esa lsukifr dks NksM+dj vu; lkrksa ea=h czkã.k gksrs FksA lhkh eaf=;ksa dks jktdks"k ls osru fn;k tkrk FkkA 4 vad ¼mijksDrkuqlkj o.kzu fd;s tkus dqy 4 vad izkir gksaxs½ f'kokth ds lkezkt; dh vk; ¼jktLo O;oLFkk½ ds izeq[k lk/ku Fks & 1- pksfk & f'kokth dh vk; dk,d lk/ku ^pksfkdj* Fkk ftls os ml im+kslh jkt; ls olwy djrs Fks ftls os thrdj vius jkt; esa feykus dh vis{kk mldh lqj{kk dk Hkkj vius laj{k.k esa ysrs gq, mls Lo;a jkt; djus ds fy, eqdr dj nsrs Fks ;g ml jkt; dh laiw.kz vk; dk pksfkkbz Hkkx gksrk FkkA 2- ljns'keq[kh & izkphu le; ls ejkbk {ks= ls Hkwfe dj olwyh dk dk;z Hkwfe dj vf/kdkjh fd;k djrs FksA bugsa ns'keq[k dgk tkrk FkkA bl izfkk ls ;s vf/kdkjh izk;% fdlkuksa ls vf/kd dj olwyh dj vius osru dh jkf'k c<+krs jgrs FksA f'kokth us bl izfkk esa la'kks/ku dj ns'k&eq[kksa dks laiw.kz jkt; esa lax`ghr vk; dk nl izfr'kr osru fn, tkus dh O;oLFkk dha tks ljns'kh eq[kh O;oLFkk dgykrh gsa ¼mijksDrkuqlkj folrkj nsus ij dqy 4 vad izkir gksaxs½ mrrj 15- bykgkckn laf/k dh 'krsz & ykmz Dykbo us vo/k ds uokc 'kqtkmn~nksyk rfkk eqxy lezkv 'kkgvkye ds lkfk 1765 bz- esa bykgkckn dh laf/k dha budh 'krsza & 1- vo/k ds uokc us daiuh dks ipkl yk[k :i;s ;q) dh {kfriwfrz ds :i esa nsuk Lohdkj fd;ka 2- dm+k rfkk bykgkckn dks NksM+dj 'ks"k Hkkx ogka ds uokc 'kqtkmn~nksyk dks yksvk fn;k x;ka 19

20 3- daiuh uokc dks tks lsfud lgk;rk nsxh mldk laiw.kz O;; uokc dks mbkuk im+sxka 4- eqxy lezkv us daiuh dks caxky] fcgkj rfkk mm+hlk dh ekyxqtkjh olwy djus dk vkns'k fn;ka 5- eqxy lezkv dks vaxzstksa us 26 yk[k :i;s okf"kzd isa'ku nsuk LOkhdkj fd;ka egro & bl laf/k ds }kjk 'kqtkmn~nksyk ds :i esa daiuh dks fo'oklik= lg;ksxh feyk o eqxy lezkv ls nhokuh ds vf/kdkj izkir dj vizr;{k :i ls eqxy lezkv dks 'kfdrghu cuk fn;ka caxky esa }S/k 'kklu ykxw dj daiuh viuh lqn`<+ volfkk esa igqap xbza bu lhkh miyfc/k;ksa us daiuh dks ns'k esa fczfv'k lkezkt; LFkkiuk djus esa cm+k ;ksxnku fn;ka vaxzst vc Hkkjr esa O;kikjh u gksdj lrrk/kkjh gks x;sa 4 vad ¼mijksDrkuqlkj folrkj nsus ij dqy 4 vad izkir gksaxs½ Hkkjr esa vaxzst&ýkalhlh la?k"kz esa Ýkalhlh vlqy gq,a 1- vaxzstksa dh Js"B lsfud 'kfdr & vaxzst lsfud Ýkalhfl;ksa dh rqyuk esa vf/kd vuq'kkluc)] izf'kf{kr rfkk gffk;kjksa ls lqlfttr FksA 2- vaxzsth daihu dk Lo:i & fczfv'k blv bafm;k daiuh,d O;kikfjd daiuh Fkh] ftl ij fczfv'k ljdkj dk dksbz glr{ksi ugha FkkA ogha Ýkalhlh daiuh Ýkal ljdkj dk vax Hkh] mls vius gj dk;z ds fy;s Ýkal ljdkj ls vuqefr ysuh im+rh FkhA 3- detksj ukslsfud 'kfdr & Ýkalhfl;ksa dh ukslsfud 'kfdr vaxsztksa dh vis{kk detksj FkhA Ýkal ds ikl 'kfdr'kkyh csm+s dk vhkko FkkA 20

21 4- Ýkalhlh vqljksa esa erhksn rfkk muds lkfk nqo;zokgkj Ýkalhlh vqljksa rfkk usrkvksa ds chp erhksn FksA ftl dkj.k Ýkalhlh ljdkj us vius xozujksa MwIys rfkk ysyh ds lkfk vpnk O;ogkj ugha fd;k ftldk izhkko Ýkalhfl;ksa ij im+ka ¼mijksDrkuqlkj o.kzu fd;s tkus ij dqy 4 vad izkir gksaxs½ mrrj 16- Hkkjrh; iqutkzxj.k ds Hkkjrh; lekt ij im+us okys izhkko & 1- cqf)oknh n`f"vdks.k dk fodkl & Hkkjrh; lekt esa O;kIr /kkfezd] lkekftd o vu; dqjhfr;ksa] va/kfo'okl] :f<+okfnrk dk ãl gqvk D;ksafd vc Hkkjrh; bu lel;kxzlr izfkkvksa ij cqf) o rdz ds vk/kkj ij lr; dh [kkst djus yxs FksA 2- /kkfezd vkm+ecjksa dh lekfir & iqutkzxj.k ls Hkkjrh; lekt esa ubz psruk tkx`r gqbz] ifj.kkelo:i /kez ds uke ij fofhkuu ckg~; vkmecjksa rfkk dezdk.mksa dks yksxksa us udkj fn;k rfkk buls gksus okys O;; rfkk ijs'kkfu;ksa ls eqdr gq,a 3- lkekftd dqjhfr;ksa ij fu;a=.k & tsls lrh izfkk] cky fookg] cgqfookg] NqvkNwr] L=h dh mis{kk vkfn ds fojks/k esa iqutkzxj.k }kjk tuer rs;kj fd;k x;k rfkk blesa ls dbz cqjkbz;ksa dks lekir djus esa lqyrk feyha 4- Hkkjrh; lh;rk,oa lald`fr ds izfr vkd"kz.k uotkxj.k ds QyLo:i Hkkjrh; lh;rk vksj lald`fr ij xksjo eglwl fd;k tkus yxka 5- jk"vªh;,drk o ns'khkfdr dk lapkja ¼mijksDrkuqlkj o.kzu fd;s tkus dqy 4 vad izkir gksaxs½ 4 vad Hkkjr esa vaxzsth 'kklu ds lkekftd,oa /kkfezd izhkko & 21

22 lkekftd izhkko ko & 1- ik'pkr; lald`fr ds izhkko ls la;qdr ifjokj izfkk VwVus yxha 2- tkfr izfkk ds ca/ku <hys gks x;sa 3- u;s cqf)thoh oxz dk mn; gqvk gqvk] ftlus Hkkjrh; lekt dks lq/kkjus vksj mldk vk/kqfudhdj.k djus dk egroiw.kz dk;z fd;ka 4- L=h f'k{kk ij cy fn;k x;k] fl=;ksa dh n'kk lq/kkjus esa ik'pkr; fopkj/kkjk dk fo'ks"k ;ksxnku jgka /kkfezd izhkko & 1- /kkfezd :f<+;ksa vksj va/kfo'oklksa dks yksx R;kxus yxsa vkilh rdz fordz o dlksvh ds vk/kkj ij izr;sd er dks ij[kk tkus yxka 2- vklfkk ds vk/kkj ij fu.kz; u ysrs gq, cqf) ds vk/kkj ij fu.kz; fy;s tkus yxsa 3- bl le; Hkkjr esa,d u;s /kez bzlkbz /kez dk izpkj,oa izlkj gqvka dbz fueu tkfr ds yksx bzlkbz cuk;s x;sa 4 vad ¼mijksDrkuqlkj o.kzu fd;s tkus dqy 4 vad izkir gksaxs½ mrrj tuojh 1931 bz- dks edj laøkafr ds fnu Nrjiqj fj;klr esa mfezy unh ds fdukjs pj.k iknqdk esa Lora=rk lsukfu;ksa dh,d fo kky lhkk py jgh FkhA dkqh la[;k esa yksx bdv~bk gq, FksA uksxkao flfkr vaxzst iksfyfvdy,stsuv ds gqdqe ij fcuk fdlh psrkouh ds HkhM+ ij va/kk/kqa/k xksfy;ka pyk nh xbz] ftlesa vusd yksx ekjs x;sa e/;izns k dk tfy;kokyk ckx dgs tkus okys bl dk.m esa ljdkj us Lora=rk lsukuh lsb lqanj yky] /kjenkl] fpjdw] gyds dqehz] vksj j?kqjkt flag dk iqfyl xksyh ls 'kghn gksuk Lohdkj fd;ka 4 vad 22

23 ¼mijksDrkuqlkj 4 fcunqvksa dks fy[kus ij izr;sd ij 1 vad,oa dqy 4 vad izkir gksaxs½ >.Mk lr;kxzg & ;g vkanksyu lozizfke 11 ekpz 1923 bz- dks tcyiqj esa fd;k x;ka jk"vªoknh ljdkjh Hkouksa ij jk"vªh; irkdk Qgjkrs vksj iqfyl mudks fxj rkj djrh] bldk f}rh; pj.k fcykliqj esa vkjahk fd;k x;k RkFkk r`rh; pj.k ukxiqj esa 13 viszy 1923 bz- dks lsb tequkyky ctkt ds usr`ro esa vkjahk fd;k x;ka ukxiqj ds >.Mk lr;kxzg ds leku tujy,evkj- vkokjh ds usr`ro esa izkur Hkj esa ^^'kl= lr;kxzg** fd;k x;ka bl lr;kxzg ds vurxzr 'kl= vf/kfu;e ds fojks/k esa Lo;alsod gkfk esa 'kl= ysdj fudyrs vksj vius dks fxj rkj djkrs FksA 1929 bzs- esa egkdks ky izkarh; dkaxzsl dk iquxzbu lsb xksfounnkl dh v/;{krk esa fd;k x;ka bl lfefr esa ea=h in ij Mh-ih- fej dks fu;qdr fd;k x;ka iafmr jfo kadj 'kqdy rfkk Bkdqj Nsnhyky o muds lkfkh dkaxzsl esa izfo"v gq,a ¼mijksDrkuqlkj o.kzu fd;s tkus dqy 4 vad izkir gksaxs½ mrrj 18- xqir dky dh oskkfud izxfr & xqirdky esa fokku dh cgqr muufr gqbza bl dky esa vk;z HkV~V] cjkg fefgj vksj czg~e xqir tsls oskkfud gq,a vk;zhkv~v us igyh ckj izekf.kr fd;k fd i`foh viuh NqVh ij?kwerh gsa lw;z,oa punzxzg.k ds oskkfud dkj.k crk,a mugkasus n'keyo i)fr dk vkfo"dkj fd;ka czg~exqir us T;ksfr"k fo k ij czg~e&fl)kar dh jpuk dha cjkgfefgj bl dky ds izfl) T;ksfrf"k ekus tkrs gsa mugksaus o`gr~ lafgrk] o`gr~ tkrd o y?kq tkrd fy[kha blds vykok ukxktqzu /kuoarjh Hkh bldh dky ds egku oskkfud FksA /kuoarjh us ^^pjd lafgrk** dh jpuk dha 5 vad ¼mijksDrkuqlkj folrkj ls fy[kus ij dqy 5 vad izkir gksaxs½ 23

24 v'kksd ds /kez izpkj ds lk/ku & 1- cks) /kez ds fl)karksa a a dks vkpj.k esa ykuk & v'kksd us Lo;a ekal [kkuk rfkk f'kdkj djuk NksM+ fn;ka mlus ;q) u djus dk LkadYi fy;k vksj og fhk{kq dh Hkkafr lknk thou O;rhr djus yxka 2- cks) /kez dks jktdh; /kez?kksf"kr fd;k rfkk lelr jktdh; lk/kuksa dks cks) /kez ds izpkj izlkj esa yxk fn;ka 3- /kez egk;k=ksa dh fu;qfdr & budk izeq[k dk;z turk /kez ds fl)karksa dk izpkj dj yksxksa dks pfj=oku cukuk FkkA 4- /kez ;k=k,a & budk mn~ns'; czkg~e.k o lk/kqvksa dk n'kzu] mugsa migkj nku] tuin ds yksxksa ls feyuk] mugsa /kez laca/kh mins'k nsuk vkfn FkkA ¼mijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij dqy 5 vad izkir gksaxs½ mrrj 19- vykmn~nhu f[kyth dh cktkj fu;a=.k uhfr & vykmn~nhu dks fonzksgks dk neu eaxksyks ds vkøe.k ls lqj{kk rfkk lkezkt; folrkj ds fy; cm+h lsuk j[kuh im+h vksj bl cm+h lsuk ds O;; ds fy; mlus cktkj fu;a=.k uhfr viukbza blds fy;s mlus fueufyf[kr dk;z fd;sa 1- olrqvksa ds ewy;ksa ij fu;a=.k & mlus thou fuokzg dh olrqvksa dh dher fuf'pr dj nh rfkk dkqh de dj nh] ftlls lsfud ukeek= ds osru esa Hkh vkjke ls thou fuokzg dj ldrk FkkA 2- vukt dks,df=r djuka 3- O;kikfj;ksa ij fu;a=.k& O;kikjh 'kgkus eamh uked n rj esa uke fy[kk dj gh eky csp ldrs FksA 4- ;ksx; dezpkfj;ksa dh fu;qfdr dha 24

25 5- dbksj n.m O;oLFkk& cuhz ds vuqlkj ^^dhkh dksbz O;kikjh de rksyrk Fkk rks mlds 'kjhj ls mrus gh Hkkj dk ekal dkv fy;k tkrk FkkA 5 vad ¼mijksDrkuqlkj,oa vu; fcunqvksa dks folrkj nsus ij izr;sd fcunq ij 1 vad,oa dqy 5 vad izkir gksaxs½ HkfDRk vkanksyu ds izhkko %& 1- fgunqvksa esa vk'kk rfkk lkgl dk lapkj %& HkfDr vkanksyu ls fgunqvksa esa vkre cy dk lapkj gqvka ftlds ifj.kke Lo:i fgunqvksa dh fujk'kk nwj gqbz vksj fgunw viuh lh;rk o lald`fr dks cpkus esa lqy jgsaa 2- eqlyekuksa ds vr;kpkjksa esa deh %& HkfDr vkanksyuks ds larksa }kjk izfrikfnr f'k{kkvksa o mins'kksa dk izhkko eqflye 'kkld ij im+ka fofhkuu /keksza ds e/;,drk LFkkfir gqbz] ftlls eqlyekuksa ds vr;kpkj de gks x,a 3- ckgjh vkmecjksa esa deh %& HkfDr vkanksyu ds lhkh larksa us vius mins'kksa esa vkmecjksa dh fuank dh vksj ifo=rk ij cy fn;ka bu mins'kksa dk izhkko ;g gqvk fd yksx ckgjh vkmecjksa dks R;kxdj ljy thou dh vksj vxzlj gq,a 4- oxhz;rk rfkk ladhz.krk ij vk?kkr %& HkfDr vkanksyu esa larksa us Åap&uhp] Nwr&vNwr dk HksnHkko nwj djus dk iz;ru fd;k ftlds ifj.kke Lo:i lekt esa O;kIr oxhz;rk vksj ladhz.krk dks vk?kkr yxka 5- vkre xksjo,oa jk"vª Hkkouk dk izknqhkkzo o %& HkfDr vkanksyu ds larksa dh vkstloh ok.kh us euq"; esa vkre xksjo,oa jk"vª Hkkouk dk lapkj fd;k ftlds ifj.kke Lo:i dkykurj esa egkjk"vª] iatkc vkfn esa jk"vªh; vkanksyuksa dk izknqhkkzo gqvka 25

26 6- izkarh; Hkk"kkvksa dk fodkl %& HkfDr vkanksyuksa ds larksa us vius&vius mins'k yksdhkk"kkvksa esa izpkfjr fd, QyLo:i izkarh; Hkk"kkvksa& fgunh] ejkbh] caxkyh] iatkch vkfn dk fodkl gqvka ¼mijksDrkuqlkj 5 fcunqvksa dks folrkj nsus ij izr;sd fcunq ij 1 vad,oa dqy 5 vad izkir gksaxs½ mrrj 20-17oha 'krkcnh esa f'kokth ds usr`ro esa ejkbk 'kfdr dk vh;qn; vksj mrfkku Hkkjrh; bfrgkl dh,d vk'p;ztud?kvuk FkhA ejkbksa ds mrd"kz ds fueufyf[kr dkj.k Fks %& 1- egkjk"vª dh izkd`frd n'kk %& lgk;kfnz iorz Jsf.ksa dh Åaph pksfv;ksa,oa LFkwy pv~vkuksa dks ejkbksa us vius ifjje ls lqj{kkred nqxksz dk :i fn;ka bugha nqxksza dh lgk;rk ls ejkbksa us mrrj dh vksj ls vkus okys vkøe.kdkfj;ksa ls viuh j{kk dha 2- /kkfezd tkxzfr %& 15oha,oa 16oha 'krkcnh dh /kkfezd tkx`fr dk izhkko egkjk"vª ij Hkh im+ka bl /kkfezd tkx`fr ds fopkjd,oa usrk xq:nkl],dukfk nkeksnj] ckeu if.mr] Kkus'oj rfkk pø/kj FksA bl /kkfezd tkx`fr ds dkj.k ejkbk lsfud dez;ksxh rfkk dezb ns'khkdr cusa 3- Hkk"kk dh,drk %& Hkk"kk dh,drk ls jktusfrd,oa lkald`frd,drk dks cy feyrk gsa vr% egkjk"vª esa Hkh ejkbh Hkk"kk,oa ejkbh lkfgr; us yksxksa dks jk"vªh; izse rfkk,drk ds cu/ku esa egroiw.kz ;ksxnku fn;ka bugha iz;klksa ls ejkbk tkfr,drk ds lw= esa ca/ksa 4- f'kokth dk dezb O;fDrRo %& ejkbksa ds mrd"kz esa f'kokth ds O;fDrRo us egroiw.kz Hkwfedk fuhkkbza os u dsoy,d ;ksx; lsukifr cfyd egku jk"vª fuekzrk Hkh FksA f'kokth us viuh O;fDrxr ohjrk] lkgliw.kz lq;ksx; usr`ro dq'ky O;ogkj rfkk vius vfkd iz;klksa ls fc[kjh ejkbk tkfr dks,d djds jk"vªh;rk dh Hkkouk dk lapkj gqvka lj ;nqukfk ljdkj ds 26

27 vuqlkj f'kokth Hkkjr dk vfure fgunw jk"vª fuekzrk FkkA ftlus fgunqvksa ds elrd dks,d ckj fqj Åapk mbk;ka 5- vkffkzd nqo;zolfkk & jktuhfrd ijk/khurk ls egkjk"vª esa vkffkzd nklrk vkbz tks dkqh fouk'kdkjh lkfcr gqbza vkffkzd n`f"v ls ejkbksa dh flfkfr cm+h n;uh; gks xbz FkhA eqflye vkøe.kksa rfkk Hkh"k.k ;q)ksa ds dkj.k ogka ds yksxksa dh vkffkzd flfkfr fnuksa fnu [kjkc gksrh xbza 5 vad ¼mijksDrkuqlkj f'kokth ds fo"k; esa fy[kus ij 1 vad,oa pkj fcunq ij o.kzu fd;s tkus ij 4 vad dqy 5 vad izkir gksaxs½ f'kokth,d dq'ky lsfud fotsrk rfkk ejkbk lkezkt; ds fuekzrk gksus ds lkfk&lkfk,d dq'ky iz'kkld Hkh FksA f'kokth jkt; ds lokszpp vf/kdkjh Fks rfkk jkt; dh lelr 'kfdr;ka mugha ds gkfkksa esa dsfunzr FksA 1- vkn'kz rfkk mpp O;fDrRo %& f'kokth dk O;fDrRo cgqeq[kh rfkk mppdksfv dk ns'k HkDr,oa jk"vª fuekzrk ds :i esa ;kn fd;k tkrk gsa oklro esa f'kokth dk O;fDrRo bruk vkd"kzd Fkk fd muls feyus okyk izr;sd O;fDr izhkkfor gks tkrk FkkA 2- mttoy pfj= %& f'kokth dk pfj= vr;ar mttoy FkkA os 'k=q dh L=h dks Hkh eka rfkk cgu ds leku le>rs FksA os iztk dh cgw csfv;ksa dks gh ugha oju 'k=q dh cgw csfv;ksa dks Hkh viuh csfv;ka ekurs FksA 3- egku laxbudrkz %& f'kokth,d egku laxbudrkz FksA mugksaus ejkbk tkfr dks laxfbr djds mls,d lsfud tkfr ds :i esa ifjf.kr dj fn;ka 4- egku lsuk uk;d %& f'kokth,d egku dq'ky lsuk uk;d FksA os Lo;a ;q) dk lapkyu cm+h dq'kyrk ds lkfk djrs FksA 27

28 5- egku fotsrk %& f'kokth,d egku lsuk uk;d gksus ds lkfk&lkfk,d egku fotsrk Hkh FksA 1656 bz- esa f'kokth us tkoyh ij vkøe.k dj vf/kdkj dj fy;ka 1674 esa jkt;kfhk"ksd ds i'pkr f'kokth ism+xkao] Hkwrky Nkouh] QyhZ rfkk dksygkiqj ij thr ntz dha 6- dq'ky iz'kkld %& og dsoy,d lkglh rfkk lqy lsfud fotsrk gh ugha oj.k viuh iztk ds cqf)eku 'kkld Hkh FksA f'kokth turk dh lsok dks gh viuk /kez le>rs FksA f'kokth us tehankjh] tkxhjnkjh rfkk Bsdsnkjh izfkk dks iw.kzr;k lekir dj fn;ka ¼f'kokth ds fo"k; esa laf{kir fy[ksu ij 1 vad,oa mijksdrkuqlkj 4 fcunqvksa ij folrkj nsus ij vad dqy 5 vad izkir gksaxs½ mrrj 21- Hkkjr esa lozizfke /kez lq/kkj dk vkàoku jktk jke eksgu jk; us fd;k FkkA ;gh otg gs fd mugsa Hkkjr ds uotkxj.k dk vxznwr lq/kkj vkunksyu dk izorzd Lohdkj djrs gsa 1- egku fpard & jktk jke eksgu jk; nwjn'khz gksus ds dkj.k lkfk,d egku fpard Hkh FksA lozizfke fgunw /kez esa O;kIr dqjhfr;ksa,oa vkm+ecjksa ds f[kykq vkokt mbkbza mugksaus lcls igys lrh izfkk ds fo:) rdz laxr odro; tkjh fd;k vksj bls jksdus gsrq lekt dks izsfjr fd;ka bruk gh ugha fczfv'k iz'kklu dks mugksaus lrh izfkk ds fu"ks/k gsrq dkuwu cukus ds fy, ckg~; fd;ka 2- vk/kqfud f'k{kk ds izcy lefkzd & jktk jke eksgu jk; Hkkjr esa vk/kqfud f'k{kk ds izcy lefkzd FksA budh eku;rk Fkh fd ik'pkr; f'k{kk ds }kjk gh Hkkjr esa,drk ln~hkko vksj Lok/khurk ds izfr ftkklk fufezr dh tk ldrh gsa ik'pkr; f'k{kk ds }kjk gh Hkkjrh;ksa dks izxfr'khy fopkjksa dh tkudkjh feysxh vksj blesa jk"vªizse dh Hkkouk cyorh gksxha 28

29 3- jk"vªokn ds tud & Hkkjr ds vkffkzd 'kks"kd vksj fczfv'k lkezkt; ds f[kykq lozizfke jk"vªokn dk 'ka[kukn jktkjke eksgu jk; us gh fd;ka mudh eku;rk Fkh fd fofhkuu o"kksza fohkdr Hkkjrh; lekt esa lq/kkj,ds'ojokn ds izpkj ls lkekftd,drk dk okrkoj.k fufezr fd;k tk ldrk gs rfkk blds }kjk tkrh;rk o dv~vjrk dks lekir fd;k tk ldrk gsa 4- i=dkfjrk ds vxznwr & jktkjke eksgu jk; Hkkjrh; i=dkfjrk ds vxznwr Lohdkj fd, x, gsa mugksaus,d lekpkj i= laokn dkseqnh dk izdk'ku fd;k FkkA blds vfrfjdr caxyk] Qkjlh] fgunh vksj vaxzsth esa Hkh mugksaus i=&if=dkvksa dk izdk'ku fd;ka bu i=ksa ds ek/;e ls lkfgfr;d] oskkfud rfkk jktuhfrd fopkjksa dk izpkj fd;ka lu~ 1833 esa lkezkt;oknh rkdrksa dks csudkc djds lekpkj i=ksa ds fu;eu ds fo:) vkunksyu fd;ka QyLo:i lu 1853 esa ljdkj us lekpkj i=ksa dks dqn Lora=rk iznku dha 5- fo'o jktuhfr ds Kkrk & jktkjke eksgu jk; fo'o jktuhfr ds?kvukøeksa dks lw{e v/;;u djrs FksA vurjkz"vªh; laca/kksa ds os izcy fgek;rh FksA izks- fofiupunz dk er gs fd jktkjke eksgu jk; us vurjkz"vªh;?kvukvksa dks fnyplih yh vksj gj txg mugksaus Lora=rk] tura= vksj jk"vªh;rk ds vkunksyuksa dk lefkzu] gj izdkj ds vu;k;] mrihm+u vksj tqez dk fojks/k fd;ka 5 vad ¼mijksDrkuqlkj,oa dksbz vu; dkj.k fy[kus ij izr;sd fcunq ij 1 vad dqy 5 vad izkir gksaxs½ 29

30 lsfud dkj.k %& 1857 bz- ds fonzksg dk vkjahk daiuh ds QkSt ds lsfudksa dh cxkor ls gqvk fczfvl bzlv bf.m;k daiuh dh vuojr ;q)ksa esa fot; fnykus okys Hkkjrh; lsfud] ftudh la[;k vaxzstksa dh rqyuk esa frxquh FkhA,dk,d fdu ifjflfkfr;ksa esa fonzksg gsq, blds fueu dkj.k Fks & 1- Hkkjrh; lekt ds vfhkuu vax gs & fczfv'k bzlv bafm;k daiuh ds lsfud Hkkjrh; lekt ds vfhkuu vax Fks tks Hkkjrh;ksa dh nq[kn flfkfr ls Hkyh Hkkafr ifjfpr FksA fczfv'k uhfr;ksa ds QyLo:i Hkkjrh; glrf'kyi m ksx ds iru vksj d`"kdksa dh n;uh; vkffkzd n'kk ls Hkkjrh; lsfud Xykfu ls vius vkidks gh nks"kh ekurs FksA 2- HksnHkko dh uhfr & deiuh dh QkSt ds Hkkjrh; lsfudksa dks vaxzst lsfud,oa vf/kdkjh viekfur rks djrs gh Fks lkfk gh muds nkf;ro ldy izn'kzu ds ckn Hkh mugsa inksuufr ugha feyrh Fkh vksj u gh mugsa osru ykhk fey ikrk Fkk Hkkjrh; lsfudksa ds muufr ds fy, lkjs jklrs can dj j[ks FksA 3- lsfudksa dk vieku & vaxzst lsfud vf/kdkjh Hkkjrh; lsfudksa dks lnso viekfur djrs jgrs Fks vksj vf/kdkjh viuh tkrh; Js"Brk vksj jax ds lkeus Hkkjrh; lsfudksa dks ghu le>rs FksA QyLo:i nksuksa ds e/; erhksn dk;e gk pqdk FkkA Qyr% 1857 bz- ds fonzksg esa,dtqv gksdj vaxzstksa ds fo:) esnku esa vk x,a 4- lkefjd LFkyksa ij vf/kdkj & fczfv'k QkSt esa Hkkjrh;ksa dh la[;k,d ds vuqikr esa rhu FkhA la[;k vf/kd gksus ds dkj.k izeq[k lkefjd LFkyksa ij Hkkjrh; lsfudksa dk gh vf/kdkj FkkA blls fonzksg dh ppkz esa 'kl=ksa dh iwfrz vklkuh ls gksrk ns[k os fonzksg ds fy, rrij gks x, 'kh?kz gh ;g fonzksg folr`r gks x;ka 5- vaxzst lsfudksa dh ijkt; & fonzksg ds iwoz vaxzst lsfudksa dh dqn ;q)ksa esa 'kezukd ijkt; gqbz FkhA bl ijkt; ds lkfk gh vaxzst lsfudksa ds Js"B 30

31 gffk;kjksa vksj lnso fotsrk gksus dh /kkj.kk lekir gks xbza Hkkjrh; lsfudksa ds eu esa ;g ckr csb xbz Fkh fd vaxzst lsfudksa dks ijklr djuk cgqr dfbu ;k nq"dj dk;z ugha gsa izfke vqxku ;q) 1834&1842 vksj Øhfe;k ;q) 1854&1856 esa vaxzstksa dh ijkt; us izfr"bk dks lekir dj fn;ka QyLo:i fonzksg vklku gks x;k FkkA ¼mijksDrkuqlkj folrkj fn;s tkus ij iw.kz 5 vad izkir gksaxsa½ mrrj dh Økafr esa ;ksxnku %& e-iz- ds Lora=rk laxzke dh izeq[k xfrfof/k;ka 1857 dh Økafr ls gh izkjahk gsa 1857 dh Økafr dk izkjahk e/;izns'k esa egkdks'ky {ks= ls ml le; gqvk tcfd,d Hkkjrh; lsfud us vaxzsth lsuk ds,d vf/kdkjh ij izk.k?kkrd geyk fd;k FkkA blds i'pkr bl Økafr dk izkjahk Xokfy;j] bunksj] Hkksiky] lkxj] tcyiqj] gks'kaxkckn vkfn esa Hkh gqvka e-iz- esa 1857 dh Økafr esa izeq[k ;ksxnku nsus okys Økafrdkjh Fks & RkkR;kVksis] egkjkuh y{ehckbz] vourh ckbz] jk.kk c[rkoj flag] 'kghn ukjk;.k flag rfkk Bkdqj j.kiky flag vkfna 1857 ds Økafrdkfj;ksa esa >kalh dh jkuh y{ehckbz rfkk RkkR;k Vksis ds uke fo'ks"k myys[kuh; gsa jkuh y{ehckbz us ns'khkdr fonzksgh lsfudksa dk usr`ro djrs gq, fczfv'k lsfudksa dks Hk;Hkhr dj fn;ka >kalh gkfk ls fudy tkus ij y{ehckbz vius lkfkh rkr;k Vksis dh lgk;rk ls Xokfy;j ij vf/kdkj djus esa lqy gqbza mugksaus cm+s mrlkg ls Xokfy;j ij turk dks tkxzr fd;ka fczfv'k lsuk us muds fdys dks?ksj fy;k os cm+s gh mrlkg ls viuh lsuk dk lapkyu djrh gqbz ;q) {ks= esa mrj im+h ijarq fczfv'k lsuk ds vk?kkr ls os?kk;y gqbz rfkk mudk LoxZokl gks x;ka muds lkeus gh rkr;k Vksis us e-iz- ds vusd {ks=ksa esa lqyrkiwozd fczfv'k lsukvksa ls ;q) fd;k ijarq,d fo'okl?kkrh "km+;a= ds dkj.k vaxzstksa us mls cunh cukdj Qkalh ij p<+k fn;ka 31

32 1857 dh Økafr laiw.kz Hkkjr esa vlqy gks xbz FkhA vr% e-iz- esa mls lqyrk ugha feyh ijarq ;g Hkh lr; gs fd e-iz- esa bl Økafr dh O;kidrk us ;gka dh jk"vªh;rk dh Hkkouk dks mpp Lrj ij igqapk fn;k FkkA 5 vad ¼mijksDrkuqlkj o.kzu fd;s tkus ij 5 vad izkir gksaxs½ e-iz- esa izkir izeq[k Lekjdksa dk ifjp; fueukafdr gs %& 1- Hkwejk dk f'ko eafnj %& xqir dky Hkwejk dk f'ko eafnj oklrqdyk dk vuqie uewuk gsa e-iz- ds lruk ftysa eas Hkwejk uked LFkku ij xqirdkyhu f'ko eafnj izkir gqvk gsa 2- frxok dk fo".kq eafnj %& frxok dk fo".kq eafnj xqirdkyhu oklrqdyk dk lqunj uewuk gsa e-iz- ds tcyiqj ftys esa frxok uked LFkku ij xqirdkyhu fo".kq eafnj izkir gqvka 3- upukdqbkj dk ikozrh eafnj %& e-iz- esa iuuk ftys esa vt;x<+ ds lehi jpuk dqbkj uked LFkku gsa ;gka ikozrh dk eafnj gsa 4-,j.k dk fo".kq eafnj %& e-iz- lkxj ftys ds,sj.k uked LFkku ls xqirdkyhu fo".kq eafnj ds vo'ks"k feys gsa 5- lkaph dk eafnj %& e-iz- esa lkaph dk eafnj vr;ar izkphu crk;k tkrk gs ;g eafnj izkjafhkd xqir ijeijk esa egroiw.kz eafnj gsa 6- mn;fxfj dh xqqk,a %& e-iz- ds fofn'kk ftys esa mn;fxfj dh 20 xqqk,a flfkr gsa ;s xqqk,a xqirdkyhu] LFkkiR; dyk dk vuqie mnkgj.k gsa bu xqqkvksa dks mn;fxfj dh igkfm+;ksa dh iwohz <ky dks [kksndj rjk'kk x;k gsa 7- ck?k dh xqqk,a %& e-iz- ds fou/;kpy dh igkfm+;ksa esa ck?k dh xqqk,a flfkr gsa 32

33 8- fiifj;k dk fo".kq eafnj %& e-iz- ds lruk ftys esa mpsgjk ds ikl fiifj;k uked LFkku ij fo".kq eafnj gsa 9- dunfj;k egknso dk eafnj %& ;g eafnj [ktwjkgksa esa flfkr gsa 10- Hkjgqr dk Lrwi %& e-iz- ds lruk ftys esa gsa ;g v'kksd }kjk cuok;k x;ka 11- lkaph dk Lrwi %& lkaph dk Lrwi e-iz- ds jk;lsu ftys esa gsa bldks v'kksd }kjk cuok;k x;k FkkA blesa egkrek cq) ds nks f'k";ksa ds vo'ks"k gsa 12- HkrqZgfj xqqk,a %& e-iz- ds mttsu ftys esa ckfy;knsg egy ds ikl esa gsa jktk HkrZqgfj dh fle`fr esa ijekj ns'k ds 'kkldksa us cuok;k FkkA ¼mijksDrkuqlkj,oa vu; 10 fcunqvksa dks folrkj nsus ij izr;sd ij ½ vad dqy 5 vad izkir gksaxs½ mrrj 23- vdcj dh jktiwr uhfr & vdcj us vius lkezkt; dk folrkj djus ds fy, ;g le> fy;k Fkk fd jktiwrksa ds lg;ksx ls lkezkt; dks flfkjrk izkir gksxha vdcj us jktiwrksa dh vksj fe=rk dk gkfk c<+k;k vksj muls osokfgd laca/k LFkkfir fd,a vius v/khu jktiwr jktkvksa ls mlus vknj O;ogkj fd;k vksj muds /kkfezd Hkkoukvksa dks Bsl ugha igqapkbz o mlus jkt; ds mpp inksa ij jktiwrksa dks fu;qdr fd;ka vdcj dh bl uhfr dk izhkko dqn jktiwr jktkvksa ij im+ka ifj.kke & 1- vdcj dh jktiwr uhfr ds ifj.kke Lo:i jktiwrksa dk eqxyksa ls laca/k lksgknziw.kz gks x, ftlls jktiwrksa dks fujarj ;q)ksa ls eqfdr feyh vksj ogka 'kkafr dh LFkkiuk gqbza 2- bl uhfr ds ifj.kke Lo:i jktiwrksa ij vdcj dk vkf/kir; LFkkfir gks x;k] blls mrrj Hkkjr esa jktuhfrd,drk dh LFkkiuk gqbza 33

34 3- bl uhfr }kjk vdcj dks cgqr ykhk gqvka fcuk fdlh ijs'kkuh o [kpz ds jktiwrksa dh fo'kky,oa 'kfdr'kkyh lsuk mlds v/khu gks xbza 4- bl uhfr ls jktiwr jktkvksa dks viuh ;ksx;rk dk izn'kzu djus dk mfpr volj feyka 6 vad ¼mijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij dqy 6 vad izkir gksaxs½ ^^'kkgtgka dk 'kklu dky eqxy dky dk Lo.kZ ;qx Fkk**A bls fueufyf[kr rf;ksa ds v/;;u ls Li"V dj ldrs gs%& 1- LFkkiR; dyk dk fodkl & bl dky esa LFkkiR; dyk viuh muufr ds pje f'k[kj ij igqap pqdh FkhA ml le; dh bekjrksa esa laxejej dk dkqh iz;ksx fd;k x;ka blds 'kklu dky dh bekjrksa esa lksus ds jaxksa dk iz;ksx] jruksa,oa ef.k;ksa dk dykiw.kz tm+ko vkfn fo'ks"krk FkhA vkxjk ds fdys esa 'kkgtgka }kjk cukbz xbz bekjrksa esa fnokus vke] enyh Hkou] fnokus [kkl] 'kh'k egy] rktegy vkfn dk fuekz.k djk;k x;k FkkA 2- fp= dyk dk fodkl & 'kkgtgka ds dky esa fp= dyk dk dkqh fodkl gqvka ;s fp= O;fDr;ksa dh fofhkuu flfkfr;ksa o eqnzkvksa ds FksA gfl;s dh fp= dyk esa bl dky esa cgqr muufr gqbza bl dky d izeq[k fp=dkjksa esa Qdhj] myyk] vuwi] fp=ef.k vkfn izeq[k FksA 3- laxhr o u`r; dyk & 'kkgtgka us vius njckj esa dbz laxhrdkjksa dks laj{k.k fn;k Fkk] ftlesa txuukfk] tukznu] lq[knso] lwjlsu vkfn vf/kd izeq[k FksA 4- izfl) cxhpksa dk fuekz.k & 'kkgtgka us fu;ksftr <ax ls dbz HkO; cxhpksa dk fuekz.k djok;k] ftlesa vaxwjh ckx ¼vkxjk½] 'kkyhekj ckx ¼ykgkSj½] rkydvksjk ckx ¼fnYyh½ viuh lqunjrk ds fy, vkt Hkh izfl) gsa 34

35 5- f'k{kk rfkk lkfgr; dk fodkl & 'kkgtgka us f'k{kk ds izpkj izlkj ds fy, dbz uohu enjlksa dk fuekz.k djk;k FkkA mlus vius njckj esa fo}kuksa dks vkje fn;ka mlds 'kkludky esa izfl) fo}kuksa esa ls;n tekyqn~nhu 'ks[k uthjh] nkjkf'kdksg vkfn FksA ¼mijksDrkuqlkj o.kzu djus ij dqy 6 vad izkir gksaxs½ mrrj 24- Hkkjr esa jk"vªh; psruk ds mn; gksus ds dkj.k %& 19oha 'krkcnh ds vur esa vksj 20oha 'krkcnh ds izkjahk esa,d uohu psruk dk mn; gqvka blds ewy dkj.k fueufyf[kr Fks %& 1- ik'pkr; f'k{kk dk izlkj %& vaxzsth Hkk"kk ds v/;;u ls Hkkjr ds vusd Hkk"kk Hkk"kh yksx,d nwljs ds laidz esa vk, blls jk"vªh;,drk dks izksrlkgu feyka 2- ykmz fyvu dh vr;kpkj iw.kz uhfr %& ykmz fyvu us ns'kh Hkk"kkvksa esa Nius okys lekpkj i=ksa ij dbksj izfrca/k yxk;sa mlus ns'k dh laiw.kz turk dk cy iwozd fu%'kl=hdj.k dj fn;ka ns'k esa Hk;adj vdky im+ x;k ftlesa yk[kksa O;fDr ej x;sa fyvu us bl vksj /;ku ugha fn;ka ftlls turk esa Hk;adj jks"k isnk gqvka 3- lekt lq/kkj vkanksyuksa dk izhkko %& jktkjke eksgu jk; us /kez dks vk/kqfud lkaps esa <+kydj Hkkjrh; lekt esa uo thou dk lapkj fd;ka Lokeh foosdkukun us Lo'kklu ij cy fn;ka Lokeh n;kuun us Hkkjr dh vk/;kfred Js"Brk fl) dha 4- Hkkjr dk vkffkzd 'kks"k.k %& vaxzstksa us xzkeh.k vfkzo;olfkk ij izgkj fd;ka Hkkjr ds ijeijkxr m ksxksa rfkk nlrdkfj;ksa dk vur dj fn;ka m ksxksa ds iru ds ckn Jfed Hkw[ks ejus yxsa 35

36 5- Hkkjrh; lekpkj i= rfkk lkfgr; %& lekpkj i=ksa us turk dk /;ku ns'k dh nqnz'kk] vaxzstksa ds vr;kpkjksa rfkk neu dh vksj vkdf"kzd fd;k vksj vaxzsth ljdkj dh vkykspuk dha 6- ns'k esa jktuhfrd,drk dh LFkkiuk %& Hkkjr esa jktuhfrd,drk dh LFkkiuk gksus ds ifj.kkelo:i LFkkuh; HkfDr dk LFkku ns'k HkfDr us ys fy;k ftlls Lora=rk dk Hkko isnk gqvka 7- ;krk;kr ds lk/kuksa dh muufr %& fczfv'k 'kkludky esa jsy Mkd] rkj rfkk lm+dksa vkfn dh muufr esa Hkh laiw.kz ns'k dks,d lw= esa cka/k fn;ka 6 vad ¼jk"Vªh; psruk ij laf{kir esa fy[kus ij 1 vad,oa 5 fcunqvksa ij folrkj fn;s tkus ij 5 vad dqy 6 vad izkir gksaxs½ Hkkjr NksM+ksa vkunksyu ds dkj.k,oa ifj.kke & dkj.k & 1- føil fe'ku ls fujk'kk & Hkkjrh;ksa dks yxus yxk fd føil fe'ku Hkkjrh;ksa dks /kks[ks esa j[kus ds fy,,d ubz pky pyh xbz FkhA blls Hkkjrh; vlarq"v FksA 2- 'kks"k.k vksj vr;kpkj & fczfv'k 'kklu ds v/khu Hkkjrh; lnso vr;kpkj vksj 'kks"k.k ds f'kdkj gq,] Qyr% os vkunksyu djus ds fy, foo'k gq,a 3- oekz us Hkkjrh;ksa ij vr;kpkj & oekz esa Hkkjr; lsfudksa ds lkfk fd, x, nqo;zogkj ls Hkkjrh;ksa ds eu esa vkanksyu djus dh rhoz Hkkouk tkx`r gqbza 4- tkikuh vkøe.k dk Hk; & f}rh; fo'o;q) ds nksjku tkiku dh lsuk,a jaxwu rd igqap pqdh FkhA yxrk Fkk fd os Hkkjr ij Hkh vkøe.k djsaxha ifj.kke & 1- bl vkanksyu us fczfv'k ljdkj dks Hkkjrh; tutkxj.k dh 'kfdr dk vkhkkl fn;ka 36

37 2- bl vkanksyu us vurjkz"vªh; tuer dks baxys.m ds fo:) tkx`r fd;ka 3- ;g vkunksyu vke turk dk vkunksyu FkkA blesa tehankj] ;qok] egtwn fdlku vksj efgykvksa us c<+p<+ dj Hkkx fy;ka 4- bl vkanksyu us Hkkjrh;ksa ds fy, iw.kz Lora=rk dh Hkwfedk rs;kj dj nha ¼mijksDrkuqlkj o.kzu dks fy[ks tkus ij 3+3=6 6 vad izkir gksaxs½ & & & & & 37