Issue - 2. (A Peer Reviewed International Refereed Journal) RNI NO. RAJHIN / 2011 / Issue - 2. Volume April-June 2018

Transcription

1 Impact Factor Indexed in ULRICH, IIJIF & DOJI Registered & Listed by UGC (A Peer Reviewed International Refereed Journal) Volume - 27 Issue - 2 April-June 2018 RNI NO. RAJHIN / 2011 / Volume - 27 Issue - 2 April - June 2018

2 (A Peer Reviewed International Refereed Journal) Prof. B.P. Saraswat Dean of Commerce, M.D.S, University, Ajmer Dr. Manorama Upadhayay Principal, Mahila P.G. Mahavidyalaya, Jodhpur Director (Research), Indian Council of Historical Research, New Delhi Dr. Pankaj Gupta Assistant Professor, Department of College Education, Jaipur Dr. Rajendra Singh Archivist, Rajasthan State Archives, Jodhpur Division, Jodhpur Dr. Avdhesh Kumar Sharma Assistant Professor, Department of College Education, Jaipur Jainarain Vyas University, Jodhpur

3 Shodh Shree ( A Peer Reviewed International Refereed Journal) Contents Volume-27 Issue-2 April - June orzeku ;qx esa jke dfkk lkfgr; dh çklafxdrk 1&5 'kehzyk nsoh] pamhx<+ (iatkc) 2- ;ksx n'kzu esa fø;k;ksx dh vo/kkj.kk 6&8 MkW- uhye] HkhyokM+k 3- dkedkth eqflye efgykvksa dh flfkfr de:n~nhu] usuhrky (mùkjk[kam) 9&13 4- lar lald`fr dh lelkekf;d izklafxdrk 14&18 MkW- iadt xksj] vtesj 5- fno;k ekfkqj ds izoklh dfkk lkfgr; esa Lons'kh vksj fons'kh Hkkjrh; ukjh dk ewd Øanu 19&27 izks- (MkW-) lq/kk ftrsunz,oa liuk lsuh] ve`rlj (iatkc) 6- tuf'k{k.k uhfr;ksa ds fø;kuo;u esa lekpkj i=ksa dh Hkwfedk 28&31 MkW- ;ksxs'k 'kekz] tks/kiqj 7- eqflye L=h thou ds fofo/k vk;ke % vcnqy fcfleyykg ds miu;kl ys[ku ds fo'ks"k lanhkz esa 32&37 MkW- vfhk"ksd dqekj ik.ms;] cfbamk (iatkc) 8- Hkkjrh; U;k;ikfydk,oa ekuokf/kdkj laj{k.k 38&41 Hko'ks[kj] mn;iqj 9- pk vkleku MkWV dkwe miu;kl esa euksfokku dk izse ij izhkko 42&46 veunhi 'kekz] ifv;kyk (iatkc) 10- jktlfkku esa vkfnokfl;ksa dh izeq[k lel;k,oa lek/kku lgfj;k tutkfr ds fo'ks"k lanhkz esa 47&50 fo".kq dqekj 'kekz] t;iqj 11- izkbe Vkbe&uks Vkbe 51&56 MkW- 'kkfgn vyh,oa vo/ks'k fejk] jk;iqj (NÙkhlx<+) 12- Hkh"e lkguh dh vkredfkk dk f'kyixr fo'ys"k.k % ^vkt ds vrhr* ds lanhkz esa 57&61 MkW- fjpk ukaxyk] ve`rlj (iatkc) 13- jktlfkku dh xzkeh.k vfkzo;olfkk ij eujsxk ;kstuk dk çhkko 62&68 ;ksxsuæ dqekj] vtesj,oa MkW egsuæ jk.kkor] mn;iqj 14- ifjokj lalfkk dk cnyrk Lo:i vksj mlds nwjxkeh izhkko % Hkxokunkl eksjoky ds dfkk lkfgr; ds fo'ks"k lunhkz esa MkW- ofjunjthr dksj] fqjkstiqj 'kgj (iatkc) 69& lekpkj i=ksa esa ekjokm+ yksd ifj"kn~ dk tu vkanksyu ( 1938&1948bZ-vfHkeU;q 74&78 dqekor] vtesj 16- egkrek xk /kh dk f'k{kk n'kzu% cqfu;knh f'k{kk 79&84 ns'kjkt ;kno] dksviwryh

4 17- jktlfkku ds xzkeh.k fo qrhdj.k esa lksj ÅtkZ vuqiz;ksx 85&90 ljkst xkslokeh] C;koj 18- jkefoykl 'kekz dh tkrh; vo/kkj.kk ij Lrkfyu dk çhkko 91&94 jkuh flag] 'kkfurfudsru (if'pe caxky) 19- okxm+ ds lar ekoth dk vkfnokfl;ksa ds mrfkku esa ;ksxnku %,d fo'ys"k.k 95&98 fnus'k pun 'kekz] t;iqj 20- f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj &,d ifjp; 99&105 iwtk xksm+] tks/kiqj 21- jktiwr dkyhu lh;rk ij eqflye vkøe.kksa dk izhkko 106&109 (lkroha 'krkcnh ls ckjgoha 'krkcnh rd) MkW- larks"k dqekj] gtkjhckx (>kj[k.m) 22- dfkk f'kyih ;'kiky dh ospkfjd i`"bhkwfe MkW- iadt cksgjk] tks/kiqj 110& jktlfkku % lkeurokn ls yksdru= dh ;k=k esa efgyk 113&117 MkW- fuf/k ;kno,oa ifjf/k ;kno] vtesj 24. Analytical Study of Euthanasia In India Dr. Bhavana Rani Agrawal, Alwar 25. The Musahar: A Socially Excluded Community of Bihar Jokhan Sharma & Jayanta Kumar Nayak, Koraput (Odisha) 26. Surrogacy a Rent-a-Womb Capital: A Socio Legal Study Neha Sharma, Jaipur 27. The Time of Plastic Currency Notes in India Preeti Kushwah & Dr. Garima Saxena, Jaipur 28. Public Interest Litigation : Socio Legal Trends Hema Tiwari, Jaipur 29. Record Keeping Practices in Ajmer and Major Erstwhile States of Rajasthan - A Study Dr. Kanika Bhanot, Jaipur 30. Women Empowerment and Their Participation in Democracy Dr. Rahul Chaudhary, Jaipur 31. The Challenging Social Media Effect To Privacy: In India Vartika Goyal, Jaipur 32. Corporate Social Responsibility : A Study of Tata Group of Companies Vijay Purohit, Jodhpur 33. Ethics and Values Used in Modern Management Systems Narendra Singh Panwar, Ajmer 34. Indian Constitution and Rights of Human Dr. Yogesh Kumar Deshwa, Jodhpur

5 orzeku ;qx esa jke dfkk lkfgr; dh çklafxdrk 'kehzyk nsoh 'kks/kkfkhz] iatkc fo'ofo ky;] pamhx<+ (iatkc) 'kks/k Lkkjka'k orzeku ;qx esa pgq vksj yksdra= dk cksyckyk gsa jkt; dh ;s O;oLFkk vk/kqfud vksj çtk ds fy, lcls vuqdwy ekuh tkrh gsa ijurq /khjs /khjs yksdra= dh dqn [kkfe;ka Hkh vc lkeus vkus yxh gsaa blh ifjis{; esa ;s vkys[k ckr djrk gsa yksdra= dks lqyrkiwozd LFkkfir djus ds fy, tgk 'kfä ;ksa ds lgh dsuæh;dj.k vksj fodsuæh;dj.k dh vko';drk gs] ogha lùkk ds mpp in ij vklhu yksxksa esa usfrdrk] lkgl] lgu'khyrk] d#.kk vksj ijksidkj dh Hkkouk vko';d gsa tslk fd jke&jkt; fd vo/kkj.kk ds v/;;u ls Li"V gksrk gs fd Jh jke ds bu lhkh xq.kksa ls ifjiw.kz gksus ds dkj.k gh jke&jkt; vkt Hkh,d vkn'kz jkt; ekuk tkrk gsa jke&jkt; fdlh Hkh ;qx ds fdlh Hkh jkt; ;k jkt; O;oLFkk dks ij[kus dh mùke dlksvh gsa gj ;qx esa jke&jkt; fd egùkk flfkj jgh gs vksj vkt Hkh mruh gh çklafxd gsa ladsrk{kj % jkedfkk] jkedko;] jkepfjrekul] jke dh çklafxdrk] çtkra=] vkn'kz iq#"k] jke&jkt;] yksdrkfu=d ewy;] lektokn] ukjh lqj{kk] R;kx] yksdra=a ft ;Uek;koa'kofrZ fo'oef[kya czãkfnnsoklqjka ;Rlsokne`"kSo Hkkafr ldy jttks ;Fkkgs He%ZAA ;RiknIyoesdeso fg Hkocks/ks;fLrfr'kjorkA ounsga re'ks"kdj.kija jke[k;keh'k gfjeaa udh ek;k ds o'khhkwr leiw.kz fo'o czegkfn nsork vksj vlqj gsa ftudh lùkk ls jllh esa liz dh Hkkafr ;g lkjk n`'; txr lr; gh çrhr gksrk gs vksj ftuds dsoy pj.k gh Hkolkxj ls rjus dh bpnk djus okyksa ds fy,,dek= uksdk gs] mu lelr dkj.kksa ls ijs (lc dkj.kksa ds dkj.k vksj lcls Js"B) jke dgkus okys Hkxoku gfj dh esa oanuk djrk gw A** Jh jke vkt Hkh mrus gh çklafxd gsa D;ksafd mudh dk;zç.kkyh dk nwljk uke çtkra= gsa mudh dk;zç.kkyh dks le>us ls igys Jh jke dks le>uk gksxka Jh jke ;kfu lald`fr] /kez] jk"vªh;rk vksj ijkøea,d vke vkneh cu dj thou&;kiu djus ds fy, tks rro] vkn'kz] fu;e vksj /kkj.kk t:jh gs] mlds lkeatl; dk uke gh Jh jke gsa uj ls ukjk;.k dsls cuk tk;s] ;g Jh jke ds thou ls gh lh[kk tk ldrk gsa,d rjq mudk vkn'kz gekjs eu dks thou dh Åapkb;ksa ij igqaprk gs] ogha nwljh rjq mudh usfrdrk ekuo eu dks ldkjkred ÅtkZ nsrh gsa jke }kjk fd;k gj dk;z gekjs foosd dks txkrk gs vksj gekjk vkrefo'okl c<+krk gsa okyehfd ds lald`r lkfgr; ls ysdj ujs'k esgrk dh ^^la'k; dh,d jkr** rd vksj orzeku ds vu; lkfgr;dkjksa us fhkuu fhkuu miekvksa] vyadkjksa] dfkk çlaxksa vkfn ls emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

6 jke ds pfj= dks of.kzr fd;k gsa jke dfkk dks vusd çdkj ls yksd ekul rd leçsf"kr djus dk ç;kl fd;k gsa ^^gfjoa'k iqjk.k**] ^^v/;kre jkek;.k**] ^^vkuan jkek;.k**] ^^dec jkek;.k**] ^^Lda/k jkek;.k** vkfn xzafkksa }kjk Hkh jke dfkk dk O;kid çpkj gqvk gsa ijurq jke dfkk dks tks çflf¼ xkslokeh rqylh nkl }kjk feyh og fdlh vu; }kjk ughaa rqylh nkl us jkepfjr ekul] dforkoyh] fou; if=dk] nksgkoyh] mùkj jke pfjr vkfn xzafkksa ds ek/;e ls jke ds pfj= dks tslk çlrqr fd;k oslk dksbz vu; ugha dj ldka rqylh nkl th us viuh jpukvksa ds ek/;e ls lektokn dh LFkkiuk dh gsa lkekftd ewy; O;fä ds fgr vksj LokFkZ ls Åij gksrs gsa] jke us Hkh lektokn ds bl vfkz dks vius thou esa mrkjk vksj vius vkpj.kksa ls yksxksa dks le>k;k HkhA oklro esa lektokn] jke ds pfj= esa egroiw.kz lh[k j[krk gsa lùkk lq[k rks R;kx dj] lektokn dks <ks dj jke us vius lkgl dk ifjp; fn;k FkkA R;kx dh Hkkouk lkgfld d`r; dk lokszpp mnkgj.k gs] vxj O;fä esa lkgl ugha gs rks thou ugha gsa lkgl lr thou dk vk/kkj gsa jke dk pfj= yksd ekul dk vkn'kz pfj= gsa os gekjs nsfud thou ds çsj.kk L=ksr gsa os vkn'kz O;fä gsa] egkuk;d gsa] os bz'oj ds vorkj gs] nhukukfk gs] os lc ds gsa] lhkh mu ds gsaa ^^jke dfkk ds folrkj dh ckr djsa rks ges irk pysxk fd%& jke vuar] vuar xq.k] vfer dfkk folrkja lqfu vpjtq u efugfg ftugds foey fopkjaa jke dh dfkk vuar gs D;ksafd og thou ds lr; dh dfkk gsa og Lo;a esa,d psgjk Hkh gs vksj niz.k HkhA vki jke dh dfkk esa Lo;a ds lhkh :iksa dks ns[k ldrs gs] xq.k dks Hkh] Lo#i dks HkhA jke,d O;fä ugha],d 2 xq.k gh ugha],d thou i¼fr],d Hkko :i gsa** orzeku ;qx] O;ogkfjdrk dk ;qx gsa bl ;qx esa la;qä ifjokj VwVrk tk jgk gs vksj ifjokj NksVs gksrs tk jgs gsaa la;qä ifjokj esa yksx vkil esa viuk lq[k&nq%[k ck V ysrs FksA bl ds vfrfjä 'kgjhdj.k Hkh c<+rk tk jgk gsa xkao Hkh vc 'kgj cuus yxs gsaa rks xkao dk Lo:i u"v gksrk tk jgk gsa bl ekgksy esa euq"; ekufld FkdkoV ls fujk'k gksrk tk jgk gsa vius dk;ksza esa og bruk my> x;k gs ekufld 'kkafr ls og nwj gks pqdk gsa bl ekufld larks"k ds fy, ge iksjkf.kd lkfgr; i<+rs gsaa iksjkf.kd lkfgr; esa jkek;.k dh dfkk çeq[k gsa vkfndfo okyehfd }kjk fy[kh jkek;.k dfkk vkt Hkkjr dh lhkh Hkk"kkvksa esa :ikarfjr gks dj çpfyr gsa jke dfkk tu&tu esa çpfyr gsa Hkkjr gh ugha] nf{k.k&iwoz,f'k;k ds lhkh Hkkxksa esa jke dfkk dk çpkj gsa ;g,d fopkj.kh; ckr gs dh jke dfkk us bruh çflf¼ ik;h gsa tc dsd;h nks opu jktk n'kjfk ls ekaxrh gs rc,d opu esa og jke ds fy, 14 o"kksaz dk cuokl ekaxrh gs] jke dks jkt&xíh dk eksg ugha gksrka rhkh og rqjar rs;kj gks tkrs gsaa og fcuk dksbz ç'u fd;s ou&xeu dh rs;kjh esa yx tkrs gsaa,sls jke ds tkrs le; çtk dks D;ksa nq%[k u gksrk\ lhkh yksx çseo'k mu ds ihns yx tkrs gsa & ^^tgka jke rg lcgq lektq A fcuq j?kqchj vo/k ugha dktw AA pys lkfk vl eu= n`<+kbza 3 lqj nqyzhk lq[k lnu fcgkbz**aa bl pfj= ls tu&ekul vf/kd çhkkfor gks dj jke dk xq.k&xku xkrs gsaa ;fn orzeku esa ns[kk tk;s rks vkt&dy ds cpps euekuh djrs gsa os cm+s NksVksa dk vknj ugha djrsa os ;g ugha lksprs dh mu ds ekrk& firk us mu dh rjddh ds fy, viuk lc dqn R;kx fn;ka tc tc gksb /kez dh gkfua c<+fga vlqj v/ke vfhkekuhaa rc rc çhkq rt euqt 'kjhjka 4 gjfg d`ikfuf/k lttu ihjkaa jkepfjrekul esa,sfrgkfld,oa lkekftd lanhkz Hkjs im+s gsaa ;gka dqn gh mnkgj.k çlrqr fd;s tk jgs gsaa ftudk ladsr rrdkyhu lkekftd,oa jktusfrd O;oLFkk ds çfr gsa,d ç'kkldh; O;oLFkk ij psrkouh nsf[k;s% 002 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

7 tklq jktk fç; çtk nq[kkjha lks u`i vofl ujd vf/kdkjhaa rqylh us dy;qx dk fo'ks"k o.kzu fd;k gsa mugsa vius ;qx esa tks Hkz"Vkpkj fn[kkbz fn;k mlls og cgqr nq[kh 5 gq,a rhkh rks mugsa jke jkt; dh dyiuk djuh im+ha orzeku esa du;kdqekjh ls ysdj fgeky; rd jke vksj f'ko dh uke gekjs thou esa,sls cl pqdk gs fd ftl ls ge foyx ugha gks ldrsa tc O;fä nq[kh vksj ihfm+r gksrk gs rc og jke dks gh cqykrk gsa,d le;,slk Hkh Fkk tc dksbz vkneh jklrs esa feyrk rks og nwljs vkneh dks ^^jke&jke** cksyrs gq, vkxs c<+ tkrk FkkA vksj vkt dksbz vkneh bl nqfu;k ls vafre fonkbz ysrk gs rks jke& jke cksy dj gh--- viuh ekr`hkwfe ds fy, lksus dh yadk thrus ds ckn ftlus,d {k.k esa R;kx fn;k],sls Jh jke dk thou ekuo&ek= dks çsj.kk nsrk gs] fd ykyp vksj ijkbz laifùk ges dhkh lq[k ugha nsrha vke vkneh dks >wbs eksg&ek;k ds tky esa my>us ls jksdus esa Jh jke ds vkn'kz vksj dk;zç.kkyh vkt Hkh lpph ifk çn'kzd gsa Jh jke us vius fy, dqn ugha pkgka os loz= ijksidkjh :i esa gh n'kkz;s x, gsaa rkm+dk o/k ls vkjehk gksdj jko.k o/k rd dh dgkuh esa nq"v& fujkxzg] f'k"v ifjikyu dk :i gh fn[kkbz im+rk gsa fo'okfe= us jke dks ;s gh fl[kk;k gs fd vius ckjs esa er lkspks] tu&dy;k.k gh rqegkjk y{; gsa tc ouokl çkjehk gqvk rks jke fp=dwv esa vk dj BgjsA ogka y{e.k ds xqlls dks ns[k dj jke fu'ny Hkko ls dgrs gsa fd rqegkjs eu esa Hkjr ds çfr oseul; dk Hkko gsa ml oseul; Hkko dks nwj gvkvksa ;g vkt ds çlax esa fdruk pfjrkfkz gksrk gs ;g ges ns[kuk gsa ge iwokzxzfgr gksdj fdlh ds ckjs esa xyr jk; cuk ysrs gsaa vkt çr;sd euq"; pkgrk gs dh mls lhkh lq[k feysaa dksbz ugha pkgrk ds mls jke dh rjg la?k"kziw.kz vksj nq[knk;h thou ;kiu djuk im+sa euq"; bruk LokFkhZ gks pqdk gs ds og dsoy vius ckjs esa gh lksprk gsa nwljksa dks og rdyhq ns dj [kqn [kq'k jguk pkgrk gsa jke,d vkn'kz HkkbZ FksA ouokl tkrs le; jke us vius lkfk y{e.k vksj lhrk dks vkus ls jksdk D;ksafd os lhkh d"vksa dks Lo;a mbkuk pkgrs Fks] lhkh nq[kksa dks Lo;a Hkksxuk pkgrs FksA os ugha pkgrs Fks dh mudh otg ls fdlh dks dksbz d"v gks ;k mu ds lkfk vu;ksa dks nq%[k Hkksxuk im+sa vk/kqfud lekt esa fcuk lksps le>s ge lkeus okys ls bz";kz }s"k djus yxrs gsaa iwokzxzg ds dkj.k eu esa ykyp }s"k vksj fgalk dh Hkkouk c<+rh gsa ges,slk ugha gksuk pkfg,] ;g ckr fp=dwv çlax esa ifjyf{kr gksrh gsa 'kcjh dh dgkuh esa nfyr oxz dh ckr lkeus vkrh gsa nfyr oxz leqnk; gekjs lekt ds fy, fdruh lsok djrk gs os ges fdruk I;kj djrs gsaa os Hkh euq"; gsaa muds eu esa Hkh gekjs fy, ln~hkkouk gsa ;g rf; ges 'kcjh dh dgkuh ls O;ä gksrk gsa vkxs dh dfkkvksa esa guqeku dh dfkk jke dfkk dk vfhkuu vax gsa ge lc jke ls c<+ dj guqeku dh iwtk djrs gsaa ;g D;ksa\ blfy, D;ksafd og jke ls c<+ dj jke uke ij tksj nsrs gsaa guqeku dh lsok vf}rh; gsa tc jke vksj guqeku dh igyh eqykdkr gksrh gs mles lqxzho vksj ckyh ds fp= çlrqr gksrs gsa- jke Li"V :i ls y{e.k ls dgrs gsa dh ;g ckyh dslk euq"; gs\ HkkbZ dh iruh dk vigj.k djuk v{ke; vijk/k gsa mlds fy, e`r;qnam gh feyuk pkfg,a esa ckyh dk o/k d:axka ;g vkt ds çlax esa fdrus cm+h ckr gsa ijl=h dks ek le>uk jkedfkk ls pfjrkfkz gksrk gsa jko.k us lhrk dk vigj.k fd;k vksj viuk uk'k djok;ka blls ges f'k{kk feyrh gs ds fdlh Hkh L=h ds çfr?k`.kklin dk;z ugha djuk pkfg,- ijurq orzeku esa tks ns[kus dks feyrk gs fd vkt L=h dgha Hkh lqjf{kr ugha gsa lhrk jko.k ds ikl,d o"kz jgh] jko.k ds nl lj Fks vksj chl vka[ksa] ijurq lhrk rc Hkh jko.k ls cp xbza vkt euq"; dh ekufldrk bl gn rd fxj pqdh gs fd ym+fd;ksa dks nks vk [kksa ls cpuk gh eqf'dy gks x;k gsa lekt dh orzeku flfkfr esa jke dh çklafxdrk iqu% n`f"vxr gks jgh gsa vkt lekt esa lkekftd fparu NksM+ dj dsoy okn gh okn fn[kkbz ns jgk gsa jktfufrd ikfvz;ka turk dh dksey vksj fuezy Hkkoukvksa ds lkfk f[kyokm+ djrh utj vk jgh gsaa fnyyh dk tarj&earj vksj jkeyhyk esnku vc emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

8 nwljh yhykvksa dk eap cu x;k gsa ym+fd;ka Mjh lgeh lh fn[kkbz nsus yxh gsaa vusd lhrkvksa dk 'khy gj.k fd;k tk jgk gsa vkt dk jko.k 10 ugha] vla[; psgjksa esa th jgk gsa egaxkbz] Mk;u lqjlk cuh gs] tks ekul dks fuxyus ds fy, rrij gsa gekjs usrk,d nwljs ij c;kuckth esa gh O;Lr gsaa Hkkxrh ftanxh vc vksj {k.khkaxqj gks xbz gsa lqj{kk nsus okys vc Lo;a gh xksfy;ksa dk f'kdkj gks jgs gsaa turk tkxrh gs ijurq ml dks lkfk ugha fey ikrka tarj&earj gks] bafm;k xsv gks] ;k ns'k dh vufxur xyh] xkoa gks ;k clrh gks] 16 fnlacj ds ckn lc fd;k x;k] ij dgk dqn feyk\ vc rks 7&8 lky dh cfpp;ka Hkh lqjf{kr ugha gsaa gj ekrk&firk pkgrs gsa ds muds csvs esa Jh jke ds lc xq.k gksaa gj iruh pkgrh gs dh mldk ifr Jh jke dh rjg ^^vkn'kzoku** vksj ^^,d iruh/kkjh** gh gksa ;gh dkj.k gs fd ;qx chr tkus ds ckn Hkh Jh jke ds vkn'kksaz dks vkt Hkh ;kn fd;k tkrk gsa ge Hkkjrh; yksxksa ds fy, Jh jke ds vkn'kz dhkh [kre u gksus okyh laifùk gsaa Jh jke dh dk;zç.kkyh dy;qx esa Hkh bl fy, çklafxd gs D;ksafd vkt fo'o Hkj esa ^^vkradh** 'kfä ;ka lj mbk jgh gsac<+rh vjktdrk vksj vkradh 'kfä ;ksa dk uk'k djus ds lkefkz~; dk uke gh Jh jke gsa mugksaus vklqjh 'kfä ;ksa dk uk'k dj ds /kez dh j{kk dh FkhA olq/kso dqvqac dh Hkkouk dks ge jke dh dgkuh ls gh lh[krs gsaa jke us vius le; esa vusd fojks/kh lald`fr;ksa] lk/kuks] tkfr;ksa] vkpkj&fu"bkvksa vksj fopkj i¼fr;ksa dks vkrelkr djrs gq, mudk leuo; djus dk lkgl fd;k gsa jke us vius lkgl ds cy ij lkeku; tuksa ds d"vksa dh vuqhkwfr djus ds lkfk gh vkn'kksaz dh Hkh LFkkiuk dha lkglh O;fä esa,d xqir 'kfä jgrh gsa ftl ds cy ij og nwljs dh j{kk esa vius çk.k rd nsus dks rrij gks tkrk gsa ns'k] /kez] tkfr ;k ifjokj okyksa ds fy, ugha] ladv esa im+s vifjfpr O;fä dh lgk;rk ds fy, Hkh og rs;kj jgrk gsa lkglh O;fä dùkzo;ijk;.k gksrk gsa mls vius deksz ij vvwv fo'okl gksrk gsa jke us Hkh ;gh fd;ka os vpnh rjg ls tkurs Fks fd jko.k egkcy'kkyh gs] blesa vf}rh; 'kfä ;ka gsaa mldk csvk baæ dks thr pqdk gs] ijurq os lhrk dh j{kk ds fy,] jko.k tsls egkijkøeh ls ;q¼ dj ds fot;jh çkir djrs gsaa jke us vius deksz ls lkekftd] /kkfezd vksj cksf¼d vkfn lhkh {ks=ksa esa lkgl dk ifjp; fn;k gs- fu'p; gh jke vius bugh xq.kksa ds dkj.k] vkt Hkh eafnjksa dh pkjfnokjh ls eqä gks dj lelr tu&tu ds ân; ij jkt djrs gsaa vius Js"B vkpj.k rfkk vn~hkqr lgl ds lkfk jke us ftl thou dks Hkksxk] mles vusd O;fä;ksa dk lkfu/; jgka muds leidz esa vkus okys O;fä;ksa esa] ekuk ds ljy vksj dqfvy lhkh Fks] ij muds laidz esa vkus okyk çr;sd O;fä lkglh gks x;k rfkk vius thou dks /ku; dj x;ka orzeku çlax esa jke dk thou ges ix&ix ij çsj.kk nsrk jgrk gsa jke vfrekuo gsaa esffkfy 'kj.k xqir us Jh jke dks ^^lkdsr** esa ifk&çn'kzd ds :i esa fpf=r fd;k gsa oklro esa Jh jke gekjs ifk&çn'kzd gsaa os,d vkkkdkjh iq=] nfyrksa ds m}kjd] vkn'kz HkkbZ],diRuhozrk rfkk vkn'kz usrk gsaa muds leku vkt rd Hkkjr esa D;k] leiw.kz fo'o esa dksbz vkn'kz iq#"k ugha gqvka blfy, ge vkt gj iy mudk uke Lej.k djrs gsaa jke dfkk ds ek/;e ls orzeku thou dh dbz?kvuk,a vk [kksa ds lkeus fn[kkbz im+rh gsaa lozlo NksM+ dj R;kx dh Hkkouk ge jke ls lh[krs gsaa ;g vkt ds Hkkjrh; thou ds fy, vfr vko';d gsa ges vius fy, ugha nwljksa ds fy, thuk pkfg,a in ds eksg ds fy, vksj /ku ds fy, vkt HkkbZ&HkkbZ dh gr;k djrs gsa] ;g cgqr cqjh ckr gsa jke us x`glfk thou dh mis{kk ugha dh vfirq yksd lsok vksj vkn'kz x`glfk dk mnkgj.k çlrqr djds lkeku; tu ds thou Lrj dks Hkh Å pk mbkus dk ç;ru fd;k gsa jke bfrgkl gh ugha] orzeku vksj Hkfo"; Hkh gsaa jke l`f"v ds d.k&d.k esa fo eku gsaa orzeku jktusfrd vkik&/kkih] lkekftd vflfkjrk vksj HkkSfrd vkd"kz.k ds le; esa jke ds lkgl vksj vkn'kz dk Lej.k gksrs gh,d vkn'kz lekt dh lajpuk ân;&ivy ij fpf=r gks tkrh gsa,slk lekt tgk lhkh O;fä vius drzo;ksa dk ikyu djrs gksa] vuhfr u 004 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

9 gks] oseul; u gks] ikjlifjd Lusg gks] Je dh egùkk gks] lhkh LokoyEch gksa vksj dqabk dk uke u gksa vkt ges viuh vkarfjd 'kfä ;ksa dks,df=r dj] lkekftd cqjkb;ksa ds var dk ç.k ysuk pkfg,a ftlls lkekftd lejlrk QSysxh vksj lhkh çdkj ds lq[kksa ls ns'k Hkj tk,xka ;n~fi jke dfkk esa lhkh çlax çsj.kknk;h vksj mttoy gsaa ijurq jke dfkk dk,d L;kg i{k Hkh gsa tgk çhkq jke us vfgy;k dk dy;k.k fd;k vksj 'kcjh dks leeku fn;k] ogha vfxu ds le{k vius lkfk lkr Qsjs ysus okyh lhrk ds lkfk dgha u dgha oks ges vu;k; djrs fn[krs gsaa Jh jke dk lhrk dks R;kxus dk dkj.k pkgs dqn Hkh jgk gks ij bl dks fdlh Hkh rdz }kjk U;k;ksfpr ugha Bgjk;k tk ldrka D;k vkt lekt esa O;kIr rhu rykd dk eqík blh lunhkz ls tqm+k gqvk ugha gs\ vkt gj vksj ppkz gs fd fdlh iq#"k dk] viuh L=h dks bl rjg ls R;kxuk ekuoh; vksj dkuwuh :i ls Hkh vuqfpr gsaa ogh vius firk ds opuks dk ikyu djus ds fy, viuk lozlo R;kx dj ouxeu djus okys Jh jke] viuh iruh dks fn, gq, lqj{kk vksj çse ds opu fuhkkus esa pwdrs fn[krs gsaa fqj pkgs oks vfxu&ijh{kk gks ;k lhrk dk R;kx djuka Jh jke ds,d vkn'kz iq#"k ekus tkus ds dkj.k muls bl rjg ds O;ogkj dh meehn djuk mu ds O;fä Ro dks dqn gn rd dyafdr djrk gsa vkt Hkh bu fo"k;ksa dks xyr ekurs gq, bugs fl=;ksa ds çfr vu;k; o~ dbksjrk ds mnkgj.k ds :i esa gh ;kn fd;k tkrk gsa gkyk fd gekjh ;s gh dksf'k'k gksuh pkfg, fd jke dfkk ds mtoy i{k dks vius O;ogkj esa mrkjus dk fujarj ç;kl djrs jgsaa mi;qzä foospuk ds mijkar cm+h n`<+rk ds lkfk dgk tk ldrk gs fd jke dk pfj= vksj fopkj/kkjk vkt ds ladvxzlr lekt vksj voljoknh rfkk LokFkhZ jktuhfr ds fy, ladvekspd dh rjg gsa ;fn jke ds pfj= vksj mudh lksp dk 'krka'k Hkh vkt dk euq"; vksj jktusrk x`fgr dj lds rks iwjs ns'k esa flfkjrk] lerk] 'kkafr] fodkl vksj U;k;'khyrk dh ygj cgsxha vkt ukjh dh vflerk [krjs esa im+h gq;h gs] viuh lh;rk vksj lald`fr ls ge eq g eksm+rs tk jgs gsa vksj voljoknh jktuhfr ds dkj.k iwjk ns'k Hkz"Vkpkj vksj csbzekuh ds nyny esa /kalrk tk jgk gs rfkk islk gh /kez dk i;kz; cu pqdk gs] bl flfkfr esa jkek;.k] jkepfjrekul vksj jke lkfgr; gekjs lekt vksj ns'k ds m}kj esa egroiw.kz Hkwfedk fuhkk ldrk gs] vko';drk gs jke vksj jke lkfgr; ds eez dks igpkuus] mldk vuqdj.k djus vksj lelr fo'o dks jkee; cukus dha lunhkz xzafk lwph 1- xqir] MkW- nhu n;ky] ckyehfd jkek;.k,oa jkepfjrekul dk rqyukred v/;;u] y[kuå fo'ofo ky; fganh çdk'ku] 1963] i`"b 9A 2- fou;] jkedfkk ds ik=] ubz fnyyh fo kfkhz çdk'ku] 2018] i`"b 27A 3- xqir] ijeyky] jkepfjrekul vksj lkdsr] fnyyh dfu"d ifcy'klz] 2008] i`"b 25A 4- 'kkl=h] jtuhdkar] ekulehekalk] bykgckn fo".kq vkvz çsl] 2002] i`"b 121A 5- frokjh] vt;] rqylhnkl,d iquewzy;kadu] iapdqyk vk/kkj çdk'ku] 2006] i`"b 51A emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

10 ;ksx n'kzu esa fø;k;ksx dh vo/kkj.kk MkW- uhye O;k[;krk] ls-eq-ek- du;k egkfo ky;] HkhyokM+k 'kks/k Lkkjka'k egf"kz iartfy us ;ksxlw= esa v"vkafxd ;ksx ds lkfk&lkfk fø;k;ksx dh vo/kkj.kk,oa egùkk dks Li"V fd;k gsa v"vkafxd ;ksx esa v"v lksiku gasa fø;k;ksx esa ri] Lok/;k; vksj bz'ojizf.k/kku dk lekos'k gsa fø;k;ksx ri] Lok/;k;,oa bz'ojizf.k/kku ds ek/;e ls ;ksx dh vksj vxzlj gksus dk ljy vksj lgt ekxz gsa fø;k;ksx dk izfke vax ri gsa thou esas vkus okys }U}ksa dks lgu djuk gh ri gsa fø;k;ksx dk f}rh; egroiw.kz vax Lok/;k; gsa iz.ko (vksadkj) dk ti djuk rfkk eks{k ekxz dh vksj vxzlj djus okys 'kkl=ksa dk v/;;u djuk Lok/;k; dgykrk gsa bz'ojizf.k/kku fø;k;ksx dk rhljk egroiw.kz vax gsa ijexq: ijekrek dks vius lelr drzo; deksz dks J`¼kiwoZd lefizr djuk gh bz'ojizf.k/kku dgykrk gsa bl izdkj ri] Lok/;k;,oa bz'ojizf.k/kku ds lrr~ vh;kl ds ek/;e ls lk/kd dks lekf/k dh vksj vxzlj djuk gh fø;k;ksx dk eq[; mn~sn'; gsa ladsrk{kj % n'kzu] ;ksx] }U}] f=dj.k] Lok/;k;] fø;k ;ksx] vkrerroa Hkk jrh; nk'kzfud fpuru ijeijk esa "km~n'kzu ds vurxzr ;ksx n'kzu dk egroiw.kz LFkku gsa ;ksx dks lqo;oflfkr] oskkfud,oa nk'kzfud Lo:i iznku djus esa egf"kz iratfy dk myys[kuh; ;ksxnku gsa egf"kz iratfy ;ksx'kkl= ds vkfn izorzd ugha gsa] vfirq bugksusa iwoz izofrzr ;ksx fl¼kurksa dks lqo;oflfkr :i esa ladfyr dj mugas lw=kred :i esa O;Dr djrs gq, bldh O;kogkfjd egùkk dks **1 Li"V fd;ka ;ksxlw= ds izfke lw= ^^vfk;ksxkuq'kklue~ }kjk egf"kz iratfy us Lo;a ;kssx dh izpkhu ijeijk,oa egùkk dks Lohdkj fd;k gsa fgj.;xhkz dks ;ksx dk vkfn izorzd ekuk tkrk gsa Hkxoku Jhd`".k bl ;ksx dks vo;; dgrs gsa vfkkzr~ ;ksx 'kk'or gs] bldk dhkh {k; ugha gksrk gsa Hkxoku cq¼ dh Hkk"kk esa ;g /kee gsa ftls vaxzsth esa Eternal Law ('kk'or fu;e) dh lakk nh ldrh gsa ;ksx 'kcn ;qt~ $?k kizr;; ls cuk gsa iratfy ;ksxlw= esa ;ksx 'kcn ;qt~ lek/kks ls mn~hkwr gqvk gs] ftldk iz;ksx lekf/k ds vfkz esa gqvk gsa egf"kz iratfy us ;ksxlw= esa ;ksx dks 2 ifjhkkf"kr djrs gq, Li"V fd;k gs ^^;ksxf'pùko`fùkfujks/k%** vfkkzr~ fpùko`fùk;ksa dk fujks/k gh ;ksx gsa fpùk esa o`fùk;ksa dk izokg fujurj pyrk jgrk gs] ftlds dkj.k og papy jgrk gsa ifj.kker% fpùk fdlh,d fo"k; ij,dkxz ugah gksrka fpùk dh bu o`fùk;ksa dk tc fufnz"v lk/kuk i¼fr ds }kjk iw.kzr;k fujks/k fd;k tkrk gs] rc mls ;ksx dh lakk nh tkrh gsa egf"kz iratfy }kjk izfrikfnr ;ksx jkt;ksx dgykrk gsa jkt;ksx dh lk/kuk ds v"v lksiku gas] ftls v"vkafxd ekxz dgrs gasa v"vkafxd ;ksx ds vkb lksiku bl izdkj gsa& ;e] fu;e] vklu] izk.kk;ke] izr;kgkj] /kkj.kk] /;ku vksj lekf/ka ;ksxlw= esa egf"kz iratfy us v"vkafxd ;ksx ds lkfk&lkfk fø;k;ksx dh egùkk dks Hkh Lohdkj fd;k gsa egf"kz 3 iratfy ds vuqlkj ^^ri% Lok/;k;s'ojizf.k/kkukfu fø;k;ksx%** vfkkzr~ ri] Lok/;k; vksj bz'ojizf.k/kku dks fø;k;ksx dgrs gasa fø;k;ksx ds ;g rhu egroiw.kz vax v"vkafxd ;ksx ds f}rh; vax fu;e ds vurxzr 'kksp] lurks"k] ri] 006 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

11 Lok/;k; vksj bz'ojizf.k/kku ds :i esa of.kzr gsa v"vkafxd ekxz ds vfure lksiku lekf/k dh flf¼ esa fø;k;ksx dh egroiw.kz Hkwfedk gsa ;g ;ksxekxz dh vksj vxzlj gksus dk lgt,oa ljy ekxz gsa fø;k;ksx dk izfke vax ri% egf"kz iratfy }kjk izfrikfnr v"vkafxd ;ksx dk f}rh; egroiw.kz vax fu;e gsa egf"kz iratfy us ;ksxlw= esa Li"V fd;k gs% 4 ^^'kksplurks"kri%lok/;k;s'ojizf.k/kkukfu fu;ek%** vfkkzr~ 'kksp] lurks"k] ri] Lok/;k; vksj bz'ojizf.k/kku fu;e gasa fu;e euq"; dks lnkpj.k,oa ln~o;ogkj ds ek/;e ls lrr~ vkfred mrfkku dh vksj vxzlj djrs gasa ri dk iap fu;eksa ds vurxzr r`rh; rfkk fø;k;ksx esa izfke LFkku gsa ln~ mn~ns'; ds le;d~ fø;kuo;u gsrq tks Hkh d"v] ck/kk, vksj izfrdwyrk, gekjs le{k miflfkr gksa] mudks lgtrk ls Lohdkj djrs gq, lrr~ y{; dh vksj vxzlj gksuk ri dgykrk gsa egf"kz 5 O;kl ds dfkukuqlkj ^^riks}u}lgue~** vfkkzr }U}ksa dks lgu djuk gh ri dgykrk gsa ;g }U} bl izdkj gsa% l[q k&n[q k] ykhk&gkfu] t;&ijkt;] eku&vieku] lnhz&xehz] Hkw[k&I;kl vkfna egkhkkjr esa tc ;{k egkjkt ;qf/k"bj ds le{k ;g iz'u djrk gs fd ril% fda y{k.ke~ vfkkzr~ ri dk D;k y{k.k gs \ egkjkt ;qf/k"bj ;{k ds iz'u dk mùkj bl izdkj nsrs gsa ^^ri%lo/kezofrzroe~** vfkkzr~ vius drzo; ds ikyu esa tks Hkh fo/u ck/kk, miflfkr gks] mudks lgu djrs gq, lrr~ Lo/keZ dk ikyu djuk gh ri gsa eu opu vksj dez dks 'kkl=ksa esa f=dj.k dh lakk nh xbz gsa bl f=dj.k ds la;e dk lrr~ vh;kl djuk gh ri dk eq[; mn~ns'; gsa ;g f=dj.k gh euq"; dks luekxz,oa dqekxz dh vksj vxzlj djrk gsa dgk Hkh x;k gs fd ;Uekulk /;k;fr rn~okpk onfr rrdez.kk djksfr] vfkkzr~ euq"; tks dqn eu ls fpuru djrk gs] mls okf.k ds }kjk vfhko;dr djrk gs vksj dez ds }kjk mls ;FkkFkZ ds /kjkry ij fø;kfuor djrk gsa bl f=dj.k ds la;e ds }kjk gh euq"; dh yksfdd,oa vk/;kfred izxfr lehko gsa 'kkjhfjd] okfpd,oa ekufld ri gesa vkreksuufr dh vksj vxzlj djrk gsa ri ds lrr~ vh;kl ls thou esa jktfld,oa rkefld izo`fr;k /khjs&/khjs {kh.k gksus yxrh gsa ifj.kker% thou esa lkfrodrk dk lapkj gksus yxrk gsa lkfrodrk ds dkj.k gekjh cqf} esa /kez] Kku] osjkx;,oa,s'o;z tsls mpp Hkkoksa dk lapkj gksrk gsa ;s mpp lkfrod Hkko yksfdd thou ds lkfk&lkfk vk/;kfred thou ds muu;u esa vr;ur lgk;d gsaa egf"kz iratfy us ;ksxlw= es ri dh egùkk dks bl izdkj 6 O;Dr fd;k x;k gs ^^dk;kfs Un;z flf¼j'kfq ¼{k;ril%~ ** vfkkzr ri ds }kjk v'kqf}dk uk'k gksrk gs] ftlls 'kjhj vksj bfuæ;ksa esa fofhkuu izdkj 'kfdr;k vk tkrh gsa Lok/;k;% Lok/;k; fø;k;ksx dk f}rh; egroiw.kz vax gsa 'kkfcnd fo'ys"k.k ds n`f"vdks.k ls Lok/;k; 'kcn ds nks vfkz gsaa Lok/;k; dk,d vfkz gs lq v/;;ua Lok/;k; vfkkzr~ Js"B v/;;u gh Lok/;k; gsa egf"kz O;kl ds erkuqlkj ^^iz.kokfnifo=k.kka tiks 7 eks{k'kkl=k.kke/;;ua ok** vfkkzr~ iz.ko (Å dkj) dk ti djuk rfkk eks{k ekxz dh vksj vxzlj djus okys ln~xzufkks dk J`¼kiwoZd fu;fer v/;;u djuk Lok/;k; dgykrk gs ½f"k;ksa,oa egkiq:"kksa }kjk jfpr ln~xzufkksa ds v/;;u ls fopkjksa,oa laldkjksa esa ifo=rk] fno;rk,oa lkfrodrk dk lapkj gksrk gsa Lok/;k; dk,d vu; vfkz gs Lo dk v/;;ua 'kk'or vkrerro dk Jo.k] euu vksj fufn/;klu Lok/;k; lk/kuk ds izeq[k vax gsaa O;kogkfjd thou esa Lok/;k; ds fø;kuo;u gsrq Jo.k euu vksj fufn/;klu dk lrr~ vh;kl vko';d gsa lr~ lkfgr; dk v/;;u,oa Jo.k djuk Lok/;k; dk izfke lksiku gsa xahkhjrkiwozd v/;;u,oa Jo.k fo"k; fo'ks"k ds izfr gekjh ftkklk dks tkx`r djrk gsa ftkklk ls fo"k; fo'ks"k ds izfr gekjh :fp mriuu gksrh gsa :fpiwozd lrr~ vh;kl ls dk;z{ks= esa n{krk izkir gksrh gsa Jo.k,oa v/;;u ds lkfk&lkfk Lok/;k; gsrq euu Hkh vr;ur vko';d gsa Lok/;k; vu/kfo'okl dk ugha vfirq rkfdzd fpuru dk lefkzd gsa rkfdzd fpuru ds }kjk la'k;ksa dk fujkdj.k gksrk gsa lelr la'k;ksa dk fujkdj.k gksus ds i'pkr~ 'kk'or vkrerro dks fujurj /;ku }kjk mldh lk{kkr~ vuqhkqfr fufn/;klu ds }kjk gh lehko gsa Hkxoku Jhd`".k us xhrk esa Lok/;k; dks ok.kh dk ri dgk gsa izkphu Hkkjrh; f'k{kk i}fr esa czãp;z vkje O;oLFkk ds rgr fo kfkhz ds pkfjf=d] usfrd vksj vk/;kfred mrfkku ij fo'ks"k cy fn;k tkrk FkkA osn'kkl=kas dk fpuru euu bl f'k{kk i¼fr dk egroiw.kz vax FkkA vk/kqfud f'k{k.k O;oLFkk esa Lok/;k; dh izo`fr dk emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

12 /khjs&/khjs yksi gks jgk gsa lapkj ds vk/kqfud lalk/kuks ds dkj.k ekuoh; thou ;kaf=drke; gksrk tk jgk gsa ;kaf=drke; bl thou esa Lok/;k; dk vkuun /khjs&/khjs de jgk gsa ifj.kker% ;qokvksa dh 'kkl=h; Kku ds izfr mnklhurk fujurj c<rh tk jgh gsa 'kkl=h; Kku ds izfr mnklhurk,oa mis{kk ds fujkdj.k gsrq ;qokvksa dks Lok/;k; ds fy;s izksrlkfgr djuk vr;ur vko';d gsa le`¼ Hkkjrh; lald`fr ds 'kkl=h; Kku,oa vk/;kfredrk ds muu;u esa Lok/;k; dh Hkwfedk vr;ur egroiw.kz gsa Lok/;k; dks gekjs 'kkl=ksa esa czã;k dh lakk nh xbz gsa egf"kz iratfy us ;ksxlw= esa Lok/;k; dh egùkk dks bl 8 idz kj O;Dr fd;k g&s ^^Lok/;k;kfn"Vnos rklei;z kxs %** vfkkzr~ Lok/;k; dk lrr~ vuq"bku djus okys lk/kd ;ksxh dks b"v nsork dh vuqdwyrk dh vuqhkwfr vksj mldk lk{kkrdkj gksrk gsa bz'ojizf.k/kku % bz'ojizf.k/kku fø;k;ksx dk r`rh; egroiw.kz vax gsa egf"kz O;kl ds vuqlkj 9 ^^rkfleuijexqjks lozfø;k.kkeiz.ke~** vfkkzr~ xq:vksa ds ijexq: ijekrek esa vius lelr drzo;deksz dks lefizr djuk gh bz'ojizf.k/kku dgykrk gsa bz'ojizf.k/kku dk eq[; mn~sn'; thou ds pje y{; izkfir gsrq vuur 'kfdr ds ije rro bz'oj ds izfr Lo;a dks lefizr djuk gsa loz'kfdreku bz'oj ds izfr vkreleiz.k ls vh;qn;,oa fu%js;l dk ekxz iz'klr gksrk gsa loz'kfdreku ijekrek dk thoek= ds lkfk 'kk'or lecu/k gsa bl 'kk'or lecu/k dh vuqhkwfr bz'oj ds izfr leiz.k ds }kjk gh lehko gsa vkreleiz.k dk fø;kuo;u lelr drzo; deksza dks ijekrek ds izfr leiz.k ds :i esa gksrk gsa tc lelr drzo; dez bz'oj ds izfr lefizr Hkko ls leiuu fd;s tkrs gs] rc os cu/ku dk dkj.k u cudj Hkxorn~ izkfir ds lk/ku cu tkrs gsaa xhrk esa Hkxoku Jhd`".k dgrs gsa & ^^tks esjs ijk;.k gksdj leiw.kz deksza dks eq>esa viz.k djrs gq, eq> lxq.k :i ijes'oj dks vuu; HkfDr;ksx ls fujurj fpuru djrs gq;s Hktrs gsaa mu eq>esa fpùk yxkus okys fiz; HkDrksa dks esa 'kh?kz gh e`r;q:i lalkj **10 lkxj ls m¼kj djus okyk gksrk g wa lelr drzo; deksza dks ijekrek ds izfr lefizr Hkko ls djus ij oklrfod :i ls lau;kl dh vuqhkwfr gksrh gsa bl izdkj ds lau;kl dk vkj; ysus okyk fu"dke dez;ksxh vius lhfer LokFkZ ds fy;s dez ugha djrk] vfirq ml ijekrek ds fy, dez djrk gs] tks izkf.kek= esa vkrerro ds :i esa fo eku gsa egf"kz iratfy us ;ksxlw= esa bz'ojizf.k/kku dh egùkk dks bl izdkj 11 O;Dr fd;k gsa& ^^lekf/kflf¼jh'ojizf.k/kkukr~** vfkkzr bz'ojizf.k/kku ds lrr~ vh;kl ls lk/kd dks lekf/k esa flf¼ lqxerk ls izkir gks tkrh gsa lunhkz xzafk lwph 1- egf"kz iratfy] ;ksxlw= lekf/kikn izfke lw=] xksfcunhkou dk;kzy;] dksydùkka 2- egf"kz iratfy] ;ksxlw= lekf/kikn] f}rh; lw=] xksfcunhkou dk;kzy;] dksydùkka 3- egf"kz iratfy] ;ksxlw= lk/kuikn ] izfke lw=] xksfcunhkou dk;kzy;] dksydùkka 4- egf"kz iratfy] ;ksxlw=] lk/kuikn lw= la[;k &32] xksfcunhkou dk;kzy;] dksydùkka 5- ikraty;ksxn'kzue~ O;klHkk";&laofyre~] rpp ;ksxflf}&fgunho;k[;ksisre~ O;k[;kdkj &MkW- lqjs'k punz JhokLro] i`"v la[;k & egf"kz iratfy] ;ksxlw=] lk/kuikn lw= la[;k &43] xksfcunhkou dk;kzy;] dksydùkka 7- ikraty;ksxn'kzue~ O;klHkk"; laofyre~] rpp ;ksxflf}&fgunho;k[;ksisre~ O;k[;kdkj &MkW- lqjs'k punz JhokLro] i`"v la[;k & egf"kz iratfy] ;ksxlw=] lk/kuikn lw= la[;k &44] xksfcunhkou dk;kzy;] dksydùkka 9- ikraty;ksxn'kzue~ O;klHkk"; laofyre~] rpp ;ksxflf}&fgunho;k[;ksisre~ O;k[;kdkj &MkW- lqjs'k punz JhokLro] i`lv la[;k &276] 10- Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk] v/;k; &12] 'yksd la[;k 6&7] xhrkizsl] xksj[kiqj] xksfcunhkou dk;kzy;] dksydùkka 11- egf"kz iratfy] ;ksxlw=] lk/kuikn lw= la[;k &45] xksfcunhkou dk;kzy;] dksydùkka 008 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

13 dkedkth eqflye efgykvksa dh flfkfr de:n~nhu lg vkpk;z],e- ch- jktdh; LukrdksÙkj egkfo ky;] gy}kuh] usuhrky (mùkjk[kam) 'kks/k Lkkjka'k eqflye vksjrksa ds finm+siu dk dkj.k lnso blyke esa <w<+us dh dksf'k'k dh tkrh gs] tcfd,slk drbz ugha gsa oklro esa eqflye efgykvksa ds finm+siu dk dkj.k eqflye lkekftd lajpuk gs tgka fir`lùkkred lekt ds iq:"kksa dk vkt Hkh cksy&ckyk gsa ikfjokfjd lùkk dks tuefl¼ vf/kdkj ekudj /kez dh vkm+ es iq:"k efgykvksa dk 'kks"k.k dj jgs gsaa vkt Hkh viuh izhkqùkk dks cuk, j[kus ds rgr Kku,oa tkx:drk ls iw.kz vk/kqfud f'k{kk ls oafpr dj j[kk gsa inkz&izfkk ds uke ij lekt dks xqejkg djrs gq, ym+fd;ksa dks ckgj i<+us ds fy, Hkstus esa viuh rksghu crkdj mugsa?kjsyw f'k{kk rd lesvdj j[k fn;k gsaa e;&gje ds fcuk ckgj u fudyus dh ikcanh ds uke ij ckgjh nqfu;k ls vksjrksa dk LkEidZ dkv j[kk gsa blds ckotwn dqn fxurh dh efgyk,a izfrdwy ifjflfkfr;ksa esa Hkh vkffkzd txr esa izfo"v dj fofhkuu uksdfj;ksa,oa O;olk; esa viuk ;ksxnku Hkh ns jgha gsaa izlrqr v/;;u bugh dkedkth eqflye efgykvksa ds thou ij vk/kkfjr gsaa ladsrk{kj % dkedkth] eqflye efgyk] izflfkfr] ifjorzu] fø;k'khyrka eq flye lekt esa dkedkth efgykvksa dh la[;k vu; lekt dh efgykvksa dh rqyuk esa cgqr de gsaa tgkw lhkh /kez dh efgyk,a rsth ls izxfr dh vksj vxzlj gs] ns'k vksj lekt ds fuekz.k esa viuk ;ksxnku c<+&p<+dj ns jgh gsaa ogha eqflye efgyk,a vkt Hkh ogh dh ogh gsa tgk lfn;ksa igys FkhA mudh lkekftd n'kk iwozor gsaa vxj os FkksM+k cgqr vkxs c<+us ds fy, gkfk isj ekj jgh gsa rks /kez ds Bsdsnkj mudk thuk gjke dj j[ks gsaa jkst u;s&u;s Qros fudkydj mugsa?kjksa esa dsn djus rfkk muds vf/kdkjksa ls oafpr j[kus dk dke dj jgs gsaa eqflye efgyk, Hkh cm+h rlyyh vksj rue;rk ls muds Qjekuksa dk vey Hkh dj jgh gsa pkgs f'k{kk gks ;k ckgj fudy dj dqn djus dh rekuuk] lhkh ds fy, eqflye efgykvksa dks viuh bpnkvksa dk xyk?kksavuk im+rk gsa pkg dj Hkh iq:"k iz/kku lekt ds fo:¼ [km+k gksus dh fgeer ugha tqvk ik jgh gsaa [ksj tks Hkh gks dqn fxurh dh efgyk,a izfrdwy ifjflfkfr;ksa esa Hkh Kku vksj tkx:drk ds izfr ltx gsaa muesa ls dqn vkffkzd txr esa izfo"v gksdj fofhkuu uksdfj;ksa,oa O;olk; esa viuh fgllsnkjh c<+k jgha gsaa fdlh Hkh lekt ds ekuoh; fø;kvksa esa vkffkzd fø;kvksa dk fo'ks"k LFkku gksrk gsaa lkeku;r% Je 'kfdr laxbu] fyax] vkokl] vk;q] fookg vkfn ds }kjk izhkkfor gksrk gsaa esgrk (1967) ds vuqlkj fo'o ds vf/kdka'k lektksa esa jksth&jksvh dk nkf;ro eq[;r% iq:"kksa ij gksrk gsaa blfy, fo'o ds lhkh ns'kksa esa efgykvksa dh vis{kk iq:"kksa dh la[;k Je 'kfdr esa T;knk gsaa orzeku ifjos'k esa lkekftd,oa lkald`frd dkjdksa dk efgykvksa dh dk;z 'khyrk ij vc de ck/kd gsaa efgykvksa dh fø;k 'khyrk?kj ls ckgj tkus dh Lora=rk] vkffkzd vko';drk,a tks dk;z djus ds fy, etcwj djrh gsaa efgykvksa ds fy, jkstxkj dh miyc/krk rfkk efgykvksa dh dk;z djus dh bpnk ls izhkkfor gksrh gsaa ifj.kker% efgykvksa dh mpplrj dh f'k{kk rfkk dk;z djus ds izfr tkx:drk ls efgykvksa esa uksdjh,oa Lojkstxkj ds izfr bpnk emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

14 tkx`fr gqbz gsaa efgykvksa dh vkffkzd fø;k'khyrk ls u dsoy efgykvksa dh vkre fuhkzjrk dks izj; feyk gs vfirq muds ifjokj dh lkekftd vkffkzd flfkfr esa ldkjkred lq/kkj gqvk gsaa ;g izfreku FkksM+k gh lgh eqflye efgykvksa esa Hkh gqvk gsaa vkt eqflye efgyk,a viuh fteesnkfj;ksa dks cm+h ljyrk ls fuhkkus dk iz;kl dj jgh gsaa uksdjh] O;olk;]?kjsyw dk;z ds vfrfjdr ckgjh dk;z tsls fctyh dk fcy tek djuk] csadksa dk dke]?kj dh [kjhnkjh rfkk ifr ds O;olk; esa Hkh lg;ksx dj jgha gsaa v/;;u dk mn~ns'; izlrkqr v/;;u dk eq[; mn~ns'; mùkjk[k.m ds usuhrky tuin ds dkedkth eqflye efgykvksa dh tukafddh ik'oz fp= rfkk muds 'ksf{kd ] O;olkf;d Lrj dk v/;;u djuk gsaa v/;;u {ks= izlrqr v/;;u dk lexz mùkjk[k.m ds usuhrky tuin es fuokl djus okyh lelr dkedkth eqflye efgykvksa dks mùkjnkrkvksa ds :i esa izfrf"br fd;k x;k gsaa bl tuin esa eqflye efgyk,a eq[;r% f'k{kk LokLFk; lkeku; iz'kklu rfkk NksVs Lrj ij O;kikj vkfn dk;ksz esa layxuk gsaa bu fofhkuuk {ks=ksa esa dk;zjr eqflye efgykvksa dh la[;k bruh vf/kd ugha gs fd muds fy, fun'kzu p;u iz.kkyh dk iz;ksx fd;k tk; vr% bl v/;;u esa lax.kuk i¼fr ds vk/kkj ij tuin dh lelr dkedkth eqflye efgykvksa v/;;u dh bdkbz gsaa 'kks/k i¼fr fdlh Hkh 'kks/k dk lqyrkiw.kz leiknu rhkh lehko gs tcfd oskkfud i¼fr }kjk rf;ksa dk ladyu fd;k tk;a blds fy, vusd 'kks/k fof/k;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gs tks voyksdu] lk{kkrdkj vuqlwph fof/k ij vk/kkfjr gksrh gsaa bl v/;;u esa fufeùk izkfkfed rf;ksa ds ladyu esa eqflye efgykvksa dh tukafddh] lkekftd&vkffkzd i`"bhkwfe] Hkwfedk vis{kk] ruko lkeatl;] mudh dk;zn'kkvksa rfkk dk;z djus ds i'pkr~ muesa gks jgs fodkl,oa ifjorzu dh tkudkjh ds fy, vuqlwph ds ek/;e ls muds dk;kzy;,oa fuokl LFkku ij tkdj okrkzyki rfkk Lkk{kkRdkj fy;k x;ka blds vfrfjdr f}rh; L=ksrksa ds vurxzrk lecfu/kr xzafk] ljdkjh fjikszv] i=&if=dkvksa vkfn dk v/;;u esa mi;ksx fd;k x;k gsaa rf;ksa dk iznùk vk;q lajpuk Øe la[;k mez (o" kksz esa) vko`fùk izfr' kr 1 21& & & &vf/kd ;ksx osokfgd flfkfr Øe la[;k osokfgd flfkfr Lak[;k izfr' kr 1 fookfgr vfookfgr fo/kok iquzfookfgr rykd ' kqnk vyx jguk dqy ;ksx emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

15 'ksf{kd flfkfr Øe la[;k mùkjnkf=;ksa dh ' ks{kf.kd flfkfr vko`fùk izfr' kr 1 fuj{kj Lkk{kj izkfkfed Lrj mppk ek/;fed Lrj ek/;fed Lrj Lukrd LukRdksÙkj vu; dqy ;ksx vkoklh; flfkfr Øe la[;k vkoklh; flfkfr vko`fùk izfr' kr 1 uxjh; xzkeh.k uxj@xzkeh.k dqy ;ksx O;kolkf;d flfkfr Øe la[;k fohkkx@dk;kzy; la[;k izfr' kr 1 f' k{kk fohkkx csad LFkkuh; fudk; iqfyl fohkkx jsyos@ifjogu fohkkx futh dk;z iz' kklfud dk;kzy; LokLFk fohkkx futh izfr"bkuksa ;ksx ikfjokfjd flfkfr Øe la[;k ifjokj la[;k izfr' kr 1 la;qdr ifjokj folrkfjr ifjokj & & 3,dkdh ifjokj ;ksx emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

16 rf;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k% rf;ksa ds fo'ys"k.k es dkedkth eqflye efgykvksa dks vk;q] fookg] f'k{kk] fuokl] O;olk;,oa ifjokj ds vk/kkj ij fo'ysf"kr fd;k x;k gsaa vk;q ds vk/kkj ij oxhzdj.k djus ls Li"V irk pyrk gs fd dkedkth eqflye efgykvksa dh lokzf/kd la[;k 86 efgyk,a 31 ls 40 o"kz okys lewgksa dh gsa tks dqy la[;k esa ls 36-0% gsaa blds i'pkr 21 ls 30 o"kz okys vk;q lewg dh mùkjnkf=;ksa dh la[;k 78 (29-2%) gsaa blds ckn 41 ls 50 o"kz okys vk;q lewg dh 56 (20-9%) dsoy 37 efgyk,a (13-9%) gh 51 ls vf/kd vk;q okys lewg dk izfrfuf/kro djrh gsaa dkedkth efgykvksa dk vk;q ds vk/kkj ij fohkktu ;g Li"V djrk gsa vk/ks ls T;knk mùkjnkf=;ksa dh la[;k ;qok oxz dk izfrfuf/kro djrh gsaa blls ;g Hkh Li"V gksrk gs fd ;qok eqflye efgykvksa esa izks<+ efgykvksa dh rqyuk esa jkstxkj ds izfr :>ku T;knk gsa tks eqflye lekt ds izxfr'khyrk dk ksrd gsaa fookg ds vk/kkj ij fo'ys"k.k djus ij ;g ik;k x;k fd dqy 101 (37-8%) efgyk,a fookfgr gsa 109 (40-8%) efgyk,a vfookfgr gsa 24 (9-0%) efgyk,a fo/kok] 13 (4-9%) efgyk,a rykd'kqnk 11 (4-1%) iquzfookfgr gsa vksj 09 (3-4%) efgyk,a,slh Hkh feyh tks vius ifr ls vyx jgrh gsaa mijksdr fo'ys"k.k ls ;g Li"V gs fd osokfgd flfkfr efgykvksa ds dk;z djus izhkkfor djrh gsaa fookg ifjokj,d lekt ds izfr drkzo;,oa mùkjnkf;roksa esa o`f¼ djrk gsaa fo/kok rykd'kqnk,oa vyx jgus okyh efgyk,a Hkh vius ifjokj ds Hkj.k iks"k.k rfkk lkekftd mùkjnkf;roksa ds fuokzg ds fy, gh dk;z djrh gsaa vfookfgr efgyk;s+a ifjokj ds Hkj.k iks"k.k ds vykok LokoyEcu dh Hkkouk ds dkj.k Hkh jkstxkj ds {ks= esa viuk ;ksxnku ns jgh gsaa v/;;u ls ;g Li"V gksrk gsa fd efgyk,a vius dks vkrefuhkzj ds :i esa xksjkfuor Hkh eglwl djrh gsaa 'ksf{kd fo'ys"k.k esa ;g ns[kk x;k fd dkedkth eqflye efgykvksa esa ek= 06 (2-2%) efgyk,a gh fuj{kj gsaa 09 (3-4%) efgyk,a dsoy lk{kj gsaa izkfkfed] mpprj ek/;fed vksj ek/;fed Lrj dh f'k{kk izkir djus okyh dkedkth eqflye efgyk,a Øe'k% 11 (4-1%)] 37 (13-9%)] 46 (17-2%) gsaa mùkjnkf=;ksa esa 89 (33-4%) efgyk,a LUkkrd rfkk 58 (21-7%) efgyk,a ijklukkrkd gsaa rfkk 11 (2-2%),slh Hkh efgyk,a gsa ftugksaus vu; tsls&,ech-,],y-,y-,e] ih,p-mh-] baftfu;fjax],e-ch-ch-,l+- vkfn izksqs'kuy dkslz dh i<+kbz dh gq;h gsaa fuokl dh n`f"vdks.k ls ns[ksa rks Li"V gs fd 236 (88-4%) mùkjnkf=;k iw.kz:is.k uxjh; i`"bhkwfe ls lecfu/kr gsaa bugha mùkjnkf=;ksa esa ls 22 (8-2%) mùkjknkf=;k,slh gsa ftudk xzkeh.k,oa uxjh; nksuksa i`"bhkwfe ls vkoklh; lecu/k gsaa tcfd ek= 09 (3-4%) mùkjnkf=;k xzkeh.k i`"bhkwfe ls lecfu/kr gsaa rf;ksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gsa fd vf/kdrkj dkedkth eqflye efgyk,a uxjh; {ks= esa jgrh gsaa dkedkth eqflye efgykvksa ds dk;z {ks= dk v/;;u djus ij Kkr gksrk gs fd vf/kdre 132 (49-4%) efgyk,a f'k{kk fohkkx] 48 (18-0%) efgyk,a futh izfr"bku tsls futh dk;kzy; futh Ldwy] futh vlirky] futh m ksx] nqdku vkfn LFkkukas] 41 (15-4%) Ekfgyk,a viuk futh dk;z tsls odkyr] esfmdy izsfdvl] C;wVh ikyzj] dei;wvj lsuvj] ifcyd Ldwy tsls futh izfr"bkuksa dk lapkyu djrh gsaa 11 (4-1%) efgyk,a LokLFk fohkkx esa] 09 (3-4%) iz'kklfud dk;kzy;ksa esa] 08 (3-0%) efgyk,a LFkkuh; fudk;] 07 (2-6%) efgyk,a iqfyl fohkkx esa] 06 (2-2%) efgyk,a csad es rfkk 05 (1-9%) efgyk,a jsyos,oa ifjogu fohkkx esa dk;zjr ik;h x;h gsaa losz{k.k ls Kkr gksrk gsa fd vf/kdrj eqflye efgykvksa dk #>ku f'k{k.k lalfkkvksa esa dk;z djus dh rjq gs tks bl ckr dk izrhd gsa fd eqflye lekt esa f'k{k.k dk;z dks cgqr vpnk ekuk tkrk gsa vksj efgykvksa ds vunj i<+us&i<+kus dh ftkklk T;knk ik;h tkrh gsaa vxj ikfjokfjd lajpuk dks ns[kk tk; rks dqyk mùkjnkrkvksa esa 103 (38-6%) eqflye efgyk mùkjnkrk la;qdr ifjokj ds lkfk jg jgh gsa vksj 154 (61-4%) efgyk,a,dkdh ifjokj ls lecfu/kr gsa ;s vkadm+s ;g Li"V djrs gs fd la;qdrk dh vis{kk dkedkth eqflye 012 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

17 efgykvksa esa,adkdh ifjokj dk vf/kd izpyu T;knk gsa vksj efgyk,a vius ifjokj ds Lrj dks Å pk mbkus rfkk vf/kd /ku lalk/ku tqvkus ds fy, iz;ru'khy gsaa fqj Hkh bl cnyrs ifjos'k esa Hkh la;qdr ifjokj iz.kkyh vhkh thfor gsaa fu"d"kz %& vk/kqfud ifjos'k esa lekt dk n`f"vdks.k] L=h f'k{kk,oa fl=;ksa dh vkffkzd lghkkfxrk ds izfr dkqh mnkj gs fdurq ifjokfjd ifjos'k esa efgykdehz dks nksgjs nkf;roksa ds fuozgu es dbz dfbukbz;ksa dk lkeuk djuk im+ jgk gs mi;qzdr rf;ksa ds fo'ys"k.k ds vk/kkj ij ge bl fu"d"kz ij igqps gs fd eqflye dkedkth] i<+h&fy[kh efgyk,a tks LokoyEcu ;qdr thou O;rhr dj jgh gsaa izks<+ dh rqyuk esa ;qok T;knk gsaaa bldk dkj.k vu; lektksa dh rqyuk esa eqflye lekt dh efgykvksa esa LokoyEcu ds izfr :>ku cgqr de vksj nsj ls vkuk gsaa pwafd ;qokvksa dh la[;k dke dkt ds {ks= esa izks<+ efgykvksa ls T;knk gs vr% v/;;u esa dkedkth efgykvksa esa vfookfgr efgyk,a T;knk ik;h x;h gsaa pwafd jkstxkj dk f'k{kk ls lh/kk lecu/k gksrk gsaa vr% T;knkrj dkedkth eqflye efgyk,a Lukrd,oa ijklukrd gsaa vu; lektksa dh HkkWfr dkedkth eqflye efgyk,a Hkh 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa fuokl djrh gsaa pwafd eqflye lekt dh efgyk,a vhkh Hkh vkffkzd txr ls nwj gsa vkssssssssj?kj dh pkgjnhokjh ls iw.kzr% eqdr ugha gks ik;h gsa vr% os 'ksf{kd O;olk; dks lqjf{kr le>rs gq, f'k{kk fohkkx dh UkkSdj djuk T;knk ilan djrh gsaa T;knkrj dkedkth eqflye efgyk,a,dkdh ikfjokfjd thou O;rhr dj jgh gsaa ysfdu os cppksa dh ns[khkky ds n`f"vxr la;qdr ikfjokfjd thou dks Hkh egro nsrh gsaa lq>ko orzeku le;k esa lh;rk,oa lald`fr ds nksj esa efgykvksa ds dk;z {ks= esa vk'p;ztud :i esa ifjorzu gqvk gsaa efgykvksa dh mppklrjh; f'k{kk ls mudk pgqeq[kh fodkl lehko gqvk ftlds dkj.k dkedkth efgykvksa dh vkffkzd fuhkzjrk lekt,oa ifjokj dh :f<+oknh,oa ijeijkxr fopkj/kkjk;sa muukr djus esa egroiw.kz dkjd fl¼ gq;h gsaa ysfdu tgkw eqflye efgykvksa dk iz'u gs muds chp ifjorzu dh fdj.ksa vhkh i;kzir :i esa vkt igqap ik;h gsaa gkw dqn fxurh dh efgyk,sa Kku,oa lkekftd tkx:drk ds izfr vkt ltx gsaa muesa ls dqn vkffkzd txr esa izfo"v dj fofhkuu uksdfj;ksa,oa O;oLkk; esa viuk ;ksxnku ns jgh gsaa bu eqflye dke&dkth efgykvksa dks blykfed,oa xsj&blykfed nksuksa nqfu;ka ls la?k"kz djuk im+rk gsaa budks izksrlkfgr djus ds fy, dqn lq>ko fueuor gsaa Ø vkt eqflye dkedkth efgykvksa ds O;fDrRo vksj muds ikfjokfjd thou <kapksa esa vifjgk;z ifjorzu gks jgs gasa vr% lq>ko gs fd thou dk lkeatl; u dsoy ifr vksj iruh ds fopkjksa vksj O;ogkjksa esa gksuk pkfg, ofyd ifjokj ds lhkh lnl;ksa dks Hkh buds lkfk lkeatl; cukuk pkfg;sa Ø eqflye dkedkth efgykvksa ds fo:¼ izpfyr lhkh iwokzxzgksa ls lekt dks nwj gksuk pkfg,] rfkk mudh ;ksx;rk O;olkf;d in ds vuq:i mudk leeku djuk pkfg,a Ø eqflye dkedkth efgyk,a tks fd,dkdh ifjokj dh gs muds fy, dk;z LFky esa f'k'kq ikyuk x`g gksuk pkfg,a Ø eqflye efgykvksa dks jkstxkj ds {ks= es ykus ds fy;s ljdkj dks dqn izksrlkgu dh ;kstuk;as ykxw djuh pkfg;sa lunhkz xzafk lwph 1- HkV~Vh tjhu% inkz nw fidsmyh lst y.nu xqirk] lqhkk"kpunz] 2012%^^dk;Z'khy efgyk,a,oa Hkkjrh; lekt** vtqzu ifcyflax gk-] ubz fnyyh 3- tks;k glu]2003^^eqflye efgykvksa dh cngkyh dk dkj.k /kez ugha vkffkzd**gal if=dk]ubz fnyykh 4- vcnqyykg vfm;kj] 1994% ^^blyke ftlls eq>s I;kj gs** blykeh lkfgr; izdk'ku] fnyykh 5- tfd;k,- fln~nhdh] 1993% ^^eqflye oqesu izkcye**,.m izkslisdvj,e Mh ifcyds'ku] fnyyh 6- ekbzy [ksj vkcknh] 1982% ^^blykeh lekt esa vksjr dk LFkku** edrck fgtkc] jkeiqj 7- diwj izfeyk] 1970%^^eSfjt,.M n ofdzax oqesu bu bf.m;k** fodkl ifcyds'ku] fnyyh emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

18 lar lald`fr dh lelkekf;d izklafxdrk MkW- iadt xksj Lkgk;d vkpk;z] jktdh; du;k egkfo ky;] vtesj 'kks/k Lkkjka'k jktlfkku dh /kjrh tgk 'kwjrk vksj ohjrk dss fy;s fo[;kr gs ogha larks ads ve`r okf.k;kw Hkh bl /kjk dks ljkcksj fd;s gq, gsa larksa us ;gkw ds yksd thou esa viuh vfev Nki vafdr dh gsa mugksaus dsoy /kez /kkjk gh izokfgr ugha dh vfirq lkekftd thou esa mith cqjkbz;ksa o dq#fr;ksa ds fujkdj.k ds fy;s Hkh HkkxhjFk iz;ru fd;saa /kkfezd] lkekftd vksj tkfrxr dv~vjrk dks lekir dj lkeutl; o ln~hkkoukiw.kz okrkoj.k fodflr fd;ka fdugh larks us rks ekuo thou ds lkfk lkfk leiw.kz tho&txr ;gkw rd fd oulifr o Ik;kZoj.k laj{k.k lec/kaha Hkh mins'k vksj fu;e fn;s] lkq lqkbz dss oskkfud fu;eksa dks lk/kkj.k /kkfezd vkpj.k esa izpfyr djok;ka ladsrk{kj % lald`fr] lar] lar dh vo/kkj.kk] HkfDr],sds'ojokn] f=xq.k] xhrka /kkfezdrk Hkkjrh; lald`fr dh izeq[kre fo'ks"krk jgh gs] vr% izr;sd Hkkjrh; o Hkkjr dk izr;sd izkur /kkfezd izo`frr ls vksr&izksr jgk gsa Hkkjr esa Hkh fo'ks"k:i ls jktlfkku dh Hkwfe rks HkfDr o 'kfdr dk izrhd jgh gsa ftl rjg ls ;gka d.k&d.k esa ohjrk fo eku jgh gs mlh rjg tu&ekul esa /kez dk fo'ks"k izhkko jgk gsa jktlfkku dh HkkSxksfyd fo'ks"krkvksa us ijeijkxr /kekzsa o iurksa ds mrfkku o fodkl dk vk/kkj iznku fd;k gsa jktlfkku dk iwohz o nf{k.kh Hkkx esa vjkoyh iozr Jsf.k;ksa ls lajf{kr Hkwfe o bldh mrrjh&if'peh lhek dk e:lfkhy Hkkx jktlo o vkffkzd n`f"v ls T;knk ykhk izn u gksus ds dkj.k vkøkurkvksa ds fy;s T;knk mi;ksxh ugha FkkA HkkSxksfyd fo'ks"krkvksa ds dkj.k e/;;qxhu jktusfrd ladze.kdky esa jktlfkku lqj{kk dh n`f"v ls egroiw.kz gksdj fofhkuu jktoa'kksa] mudh lh;rk&lald`fr] /kez] Hkk"kk rfkk lkfgr; vkfn dh 'kj.k&lfky cu x;ka e/;dky ds jktlfkku esa dbz lur gq;s gsa A ^^lur** 'kcn ls HkkokFkZ l&vur vfkkzr~ ^eqfdr* ;k ^eks{k* ls gs] lur og gs tks tku ysrk gs fd thou dk vfure mís'; eks{k gs] eqfdr gs e`r;q ughaa var o l$vur esa ogha Hksn gs tks ;g e`r;q o eqfdr esa gsa eqfdr (eks{k) ds le; eu% esa dksbz jkx&}s"k] bpnk&ykylk] vklfdr ugha jgrh gsa lur og gs tks lk/kuk }kjk] Kku }kjk] xq.ke; (jkxe;) o xq.kkrhr esa vurj dj ldrk gsa og le> tkrk gs fd ekuo thou dk vfure mís'; e`r;q ugha gs] D;ksafd tue vksj e`r;q txr dk fpjaru Øe gsa lurksa ds dksbz lqfuf'pr y{k.k o xq.k crykuk nq"dj gsa Jhen~Hkxor~ xhrk esa fy[kk gs fd & HkDr ;k xq.kkrhr O;fDr,slk O;fDr gs tks d"v ugha ikrk] lq[k&nq[k] ykhk&gkfu g"kz&fo"kkn~ vkfn volfkkvksa dks lehkko ls Lohdkjrk gs tks lnk lurq"v jgrk gs tks fuank&lrqfr] eku&vieku vklfdr ls Åij mb tkrk gs ftldk vurdj.k f=xq.kksa ls papy ugha gksrka lar esa ;g lhkh y{k.k U;wukf/kd :i esa ik;s tkrs gsaa dchj ds vuqlkj lur fucszjh] fu"dke] ijekrek ls vuqjfdr rfkk fo"k;ksa ds izfr vuklfdr Hkko j[krs gsaa xkslokeh rqylhnkl ds vuqlkj lur dks lekfupr rfkk gal ds leku uhj&{khj foosdh ekuk gs og ijfgr fpurd] funk] Lrqfr esa leku bz'oj ds izfr lefizr] n;kyq] fu"div vksj fu"dke gksrs gsaa 'kkafr] osjkx;] 014 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

19 fou;] ljyrk] 'khryrk tsls xq.k /kkj.k djrs gsaa nknw us Hkh fofhkuu voljksa ij lur ds xq.k ij izdk'k Mkyk gs fu"d"kz :i esa lurksa dk lgt Lo:i iw.kzekuorkoknh gksrk gsa os fo'ody;k.k esa vkredy;k.k dks eku;rk nsrs gsa] mudh dfkuh o djuh esa,d:irk gksrh gsa yksd lurksa us izkir Kku dks vius thou esa mrkjk o tu&lkeku; esa yksdfiz; cuk;k] mugksaus mugha rf;ksa o fl¼kurksa dks vius mins'kksa esa 'kkfey djds yksdfiz; cuk;k tks O;ogkfjd thou esa vkpkj dh dlksvh ij [kjs mrjrs FksA izr;sd rro] fopkj rfkk O;ogkj ds ewy esa fufgr,drk dh Hkkouk Hkkjr dh lkald`frd ijeijk dk 'kk'or:i esa fofhkuu vax gh ugha lekurk dk ewy dkj.k Hkh jgh gsa blh Hkkouk us Hkkjrh; fparu /kkjk dks uwru vksj thour cuk;s j[kka lurksa }kjk izlrqr O;k[;k dk L=ksr izkphu xzufk u gksdj lrlax] LokuqHko vk/kkfjr euu&fpuru o lk/kuk Fkk Qyr% og O;k[;k eflr"d dh mit ek= u jgdj izr;{k thou ds LFkku ik xbz lkfk gh fpuru'khy O;fDr;ksa }kjk dksjs nk'kzfud o`f¼ foykl dks thou dk vfure y{; eku dj lkekftd fuf"ø;rk dks tue nsus ds LFkku ij nsfud thou ds izr;sd O;ogkj ls fujurj xzg.k djus dh izo`frr cycrh gksus yxh] ifj.kkelo:i ri }kjk 'kjhj R;kx ls ;k Kku ls izkir gksus okyh eqfdr vc lozlk/kkj.k ds fy, orzeku thou esa lqyhk gks xbz ;gh dkj.k Fkk dh mudh f'k{kk,a u dsoy ml dky esa gh yksdfiz; jgh cfyd izr;sd dky esa izklafxd gsa lurks us 'kq¼re~ ls 'kq¼re izrhr gksus okyh fur; lr; fd ljyre~] eez Li'khZ O;k[;k izlrqr dj mls lozlk/kkj.k gsrq mi;ksxh cuk fn;ka jktlfkku dh lur ijeijk esa /kuuk] ihik] tecksth] tlukfkth] nknw&n;ky] ehjk] pj.knkl] jkepj.k] ukxjhnkl] vgen] eywdnkl] djekckbz] t;jke vkfn lurksa ds uke myys[kuh; gsa lurksa us vusdrk esa,drk fd Hkkouk dk izknqhkkzo fd;k] fo'o dh lelr fo/kkvksa esa Hkh mugsa,drk dk vkhkkl gksrk jgrk FkkA mugksaus fdlh leiznk; dk frjldkj ugha fd;k vfirq lhkh dh i¼fr;ksa ds e/; y{; dh,drk dk izfriknu djrs gq;s mu lhkh fofhkuurkvksa (gb;ksx] Kku;ksx] izse;ksx] HkfDr;ksx vkfn) dks lexz lr; ds lk{kkrdkj dh flf¼ gsrq lk/kuk ekuk] mugksaus lr; dh lk/kuk dh] izo`frr o fuo`frr ekxksza esa ls e/;e ekxz dk vuqdj.k djuk Js;Ldj le>ka izk;% lhkh lurksa us x`glfk esa jgrs gq;s {ks= lgt lu;klo`frr dk e/;orhz ekxz viuk;ka mugksaus lhkh dks gh bz'k&vjk/kuk dk vf/kdkj iznku fd;ka mugksaus iq:"k o ukjh] leiuurk&foiuurk vkfn fohksnksa ds e/;,drk LFkkfir djus dk iz;kl fd;ka lur ihik dk in gs fd%& ^^uk dks iqfjl u gh dks ukjh uk dks nkrk uk dksbz fhk[kkjh uk dks jad ugha dksbz jkuk y?kq nhj/k >wb dfj tkuk** HkfDr lurksa us usfrd vkn'kkzsa fd iqu% izfr"bkoku dk dk;z fd;ka usfrd vkn'kz fdlh ;qx fo'ks"k dh ciksrh ugha gksrs ;s izr;sd ;qx esa izklkafxd gksrs gsaa e/;dky rd vkrs&vkrs Hkkjr esa igys fl¼ksa vksj rri'pkr~ ukfk ;ksfx;ksa rfkk tsu Je.kksa ds lk/kkuk O;ogkjksa vksj ckg~; vkpj.kksa ds QyLo:i lekt ds usfrd Lrj esa vusd nks"k mriuu gks x;s FksA fofhkuu er&erkarjksa ds vuq;k;h] 'khy] lurks"k] lk/kuk vksj lr; dh O;k[;k vius&vius n`f"vdks.k ds vuqlkj izlrqr dj ttzj lekt dks iw.kzr% iruksueq[k cuk jgs Fks,slh ifjflfkfr;ksa esa lurksa us vius vkn"kksza,oa usfrdrk ls ifjiw.kz thou O;ogkj }kjk fnxhkzfer yksd&o;ogkj dk lq;ksx; o ldy ekxzn'kzu dj mls u dsoy Hkze rfkk vkku ds xfr ls mckjk oju~ mls fpuru,oa O;ogkj ds ;FkkFkZ uwru vk;keksa ls voxr djok;ka jktlfkku ds tu&izpfyr] os;fdrd nqoz.kksza,oa lkekftd cqjkbz;ksa ds izfr lurksa us vr;ur laosnu'khy n`f"vdk.k viiuk;ka mugksaus yksdksiyfc/k] vkr;ksgkj ds lkfk&lkfk lkekftd 'kq¼rk&nks'keqdrrk fuezyrk vkfn ds vfkd iz;kl fd;sa os lkekftd lq/kkj dks lokszifj egro nsrs FksA tecksth] tlukfkth] nknw vksj jkepj.kth us 'khy] vkpj.k] usfrdrk] /kez] lkekftd cqjkbz;ksa ds mi'keu gsrq tks fu;ekofy fu/kkzfjr dh gs og ;qxksa&;qxksa rd jktlfkkuh lekt dk ekxzn'kzu djus dk lkef;z j[krh gsa ;gka ;g myys[kuh; gs fd lhkh lurksa us lekt esa izpfyr cqjkbz;ksa tsls fgalk] eknd inkfkksza dk lsou] vlr; Hkk"k.k] LokFkZ] diviw.kz O;ogkj] rkekfld vksj mrrstd inkfkksza dk lsou] i'kqvksa o oulifr ds izfr fuezerk] ln`'; fo"k;ksa esa lq/kkj ds fy;s fo'ks"k iz;kl emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

20 fd;sa ekuo xksjo dh LFkkiuk ds iz;kl esa mugksaus rfkkdffkr] vkffkzd vksj 'ks{kf.kd n`f"v ls finms oxksza] vli`';ksa] ukfj;ksa] nfyrksa vksj vukfkksa ds mrfkku ds fo'ks"k iz;kl fd;k vksj mugsa xksjo iznku djus dk egrh dk;z leikfnr fd;ka lurksa us LokoyEcu dks Hkh izksrlkfgr fd;ka lhkh lurksa us x`glfk ds vurxzr lu;kl dks viukrs gq;s ijksithfork dks gs;?kksf"kr fd;k] ; fi mugksaus fpuru lkj esa lekt dks lghkkxh cuk;k rfkkfi os vius fuokzg gsrq lekt ij vkfjr u jgdj izk;% LokoyEch gh jgsa lurksa us fo'o&cu/kqro dks Hkh c<+kok fn;k er&erkurjksa,oa tkfr&oxksza ds tky esa vr;f/kd xzflr lekt ds le{k lr~xq.kksa }kjk fo'o&cu/kqro ^^olq/kso dqvqecdqe~** ds ikjlifjd fopkj ds vk/kkj ij ^^losz HkoUrq lqf[ku% losz lurq fujke;k** dks vius dk;z dykiksa dk ewy eu= cukdj rrdkfyu ifjos'kksa esa lq/kkj dh ps"vk dha ;Fkk & ^/kuuk dgs pwd dgaw ukfg lc?kj ekfg,d gsa lkabza* & vkre HkkbZ tho lc],d isv ifjokj & ldy tgku esa jfe jgk fo'o cu/kqro ds leca/k esa lurksa ds fopkj u dsoy tfvy ekuoh; lel;kvksa dk lek/kku izlrqr djrs gsa izu;qr bldh izklafxdrk izr;sd ;qx esa v{kq..k gs HkkokRed,dhdj.k ds lecu/k esa lurksa dk ;ksxnku egroiw.kz gsa orzeku esa jk"vª esa tks fo[k.mu dh lel;k gs mls nwj djus ds fy, lur lkfgr; dh mikns;rk gsa lur ijeijk us HkkokRed,drk c<k;ha jktlfkku ds lurksa ds vuq;kf;;ksa rfkk muds }kjk LFkkfir ebksa] jke}kjksa] esyksa ;k=k }kjk lkald`frd,oa HkkokRed,drk ds ;'kloh iz;kl dk lw=ikr gqvka izr;sd lur dk vuq;k;h oxz leiw.kz jktlfkku esa fc[kjk im+k gs tks ospkfjd,drk ds dkj.k HkkokRed :i ls cgqr fudv gsa ;gh ugha Hkkjrh; ifjos'k esa Hkh HkkokRed,drk esa larksa us lg;ksx fn;ka fueckdz leiznk; dh lysekcknk ihb ds dkj.k os".koihbksa dh ns'ko;kih J`a[kyk esa jktlfkku 'kkfey gqvka blh izdkj oyyhk leiznk; dh ukfk}kjk] dkadjksyh] dksvk vkfn ihbsa LFkkfir gks tkus ls jktlfkku dk leidz xqtjkr] ekyok] nf{k.kh izns'kksa ds vuq;kf;;ksa ls tqm+ x;k gs Li"V gs fd fo?kvu ds bl ;qx esa yksdekul dks Hkkouk ds,dhdj.k esa tksm+us dk tks dk;z bu yksd lurksa us fd;k og vkt Hkh izklkafxd gsa lurksa us u dsoy nk'kzfud ifjidork] lkekftd mrfkku ds fopkj vfhko;dr fd;s cfyd ikrh&ikrh tho dh /kkj.kk ds vurxzr i;kzoj.k laj{k.k] thoj{kk rfkk 'kq¼rk dk iz'u Hkh muds fpuru ls i`fkd u jgka i;kzoj.k fopkj esa mudh izsj.kk L=ksr osfnd ijeijk jgha blds vurxzr mugksaus xzke; lh;rk] ou {ks= dh fo'kkyrk] f=dky vfxugks=] i'kq/ku laj{kdrk] iznw"k.k izfrjks/k rroksa dks fo'ks"k izj; iznku fd;ka bl lecu/k esa lurksa ds fopkj dh mi;ksfxrk egrrk orzeku esa e/;dky ls dgh vf/kd gsaa tecksth dk i;kzoj.k laj{k.k] tlukfkh leiznk; dk i;kzoj.k 'kq¼rk ds izifr lrdzrk ds fo'ks"k ;ksxnku gsa tecksth ds vuq;k;h fo'uksbz;ksa }kjk i;kzoj.k laj{k.k ds fy, iz.kksrlxz rd ds mnkgj.k miyc/k gksrs gsaa LoLFk okrkoj.k esa LoLFk ru] LoLFk ru ds vurxzr LoLFk o 'kkar eu ds fodkl ds fl¼kur ds izfr iw.kzr;% tkx:drk iznf'kzr dj lurx.kksa us vius thou esa tks fopkj izdv fd;s mudh izklafxdrk izr;sd dky esa jgsxha yksdlurksa us lkald`frd fodkl dks egroiw.kz & xfr iznku dh ftlls lald`fr fodkl ds ifk ij vxzlj gqbza lozeku; rf; gs fd lkald`frd fodkl ds lkfk&lkfk Hkk"kk dk fodkl Hkh gksrk gsa yksdlurksa us yksdhkk"kkvksa dks 'kkl=h; Hkk"kk ds LFkku ij vf/kd egro fn;k ifj.kkelo:i yksdhkk"kkvksa dk fodkl gqvka yksdhkk"kk esa lkfgr; l`tu ls,d vksj tulkeku; dks Lofpafrr thou vkn'kksza ds vuqdj.k ds volj izkir gq;s rks nwljh vksj fo'kky lkfgr; dh jpuk us ns'k ds lkald`frd Hk.Mkj dks le`¼ cukdj Hkfo"; gsrq lurksa dh izklafxdrk v{kq..k dha yksd lkfgr; ds fuekz.k ls,oa okf.k;ksa esa vfhkuo Hkk"kkxr iz;ksxksa rfkk vu;ksfdr;ksa] myv okfl;ksa vkfn ls jktlfkkuh Hkk"kk le`¼ o fodflr gqbz blh izdkj lur lkfgr; fdlh nso; Kku ij vk/kkfjr u gksdj vkpj.k ds fofhkuu O;ogkfjd fu;eksa dk tks rdz dh dlksvh ij [kjs mrjrs gsa laxzg gsa lurx.kksa dh jpuk;sa ljl gksus ds dkj.k dko; ds 016 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

21 fofhkuu izdkjksa ls le`¼ jgh gsa os".ko HkDr ijeijk esa ehjk o ukxjhnkl us Hkh bl {ks= esa i;kzir ;ksxnku fn;k gsa dkur Hkko dh mikfld ehjk ds izsei ksa ds vfrfjdr HkDr ukxjhnkl us fof'k"v dko; izfrhkk dk ifjp; nsrs gq;s pksikbz i¼fj] ppzfj;k] xt+ysa] js[rs vkfn fo/kkvksa dk fodkl fd;ka laxhr] oklrqdyk] fp=dyk o mrlo vkfn ds {ks= esa Hkh lur leqnk;ksa dk ;ksxnku egroiw.kz gs tks Hkkoh lurfr dks yksdthou dh iqjkuh vklfkkvksa] fo'oklksa ls ifjfpr djkrs gsaa lkekftd thou o lektdy;k.k o lekt lq/kkj esa tks yksdlurksa dk ;ksxnku gs og lokzf/kd egroiw.kz gs fdlh ls fnik ugha gsa og muds le; esa Hkh mruk gh izklkafxd Fkk ftruk orzeku esa izklkafxd gsa muds fl¼kur o mins'k brus xgu vuqhkoksa ij vk/kkfjr gs fd og izr;sd ;qx esa Hkkjr ds fy;s vksj dqn vfkksza esa fo'o ds fy, izklkafxd jgsaxsa tkfr o /kez lq/kkj ds ckjs esa folr`r n'kzu bu lurksa us izlrqr fd;ka mugksaus u dsoy lq/kkjksa dks mins'k fn;k cfyd vius thou esa mugsa th;k] vius vkpj.k esa iz;qdr fd;ka /kkfezd {ks= ds lq/kkjksa esa rhfkz;k=k] ckg~;&vkmecjksa dk fojks/k djrs gq;s lar /kuuk us dgk fd n;kyq&nkeksnj ds vykok vu; ckrksa dks egro nsdj b/kj&m/kj HkVduk O;FkZ gsa ckg~; vkpkjksa esa vuklfkk crkrs gq;s tecksth us nsg ij HkLe ysiuk] ds'k eqamokuk dm+k&dq.my /kkj.k djuk] yech&yech tvk;s /kkj.k djuk?kj&x`glfkh R;kxdj x`glfk ds leku vkpj.k djuk] Hkwr&izsr vkfn dh lk/kuk djuk dk fojks/k dj g`n; 'kqf¼ ij cy fn;ka lrdeksza dk mins'k fn;ka tlukfkth o lur gjhnkl] th us ;ksx&lk/kuk dks egro fn;k o lgt ;ksx dks lk/kuk dk eq[; vk/kkj ekuk lur pj.knkl us lrlax dh egrrk esa fo'okl djrs gq;s dgk fd dbksj ls dbksj ril;k Hkh lrlax ds le{k fuï"v gs (HkDr inkjfk & pj.knkl i`"b 151) bl izdkj lhkh lurksa us /kez esa O;kIr cqjkbz;ksa dks nwj djus ds mins'k fn;sa muds }kjk izdv fopkj vkt Hkh Hkkjrh; /kez ds O;kIr cqjkbz;ksa dks] vukpkjksa dks lekir dj /kez dks ljy o folr`r] dy;k.kdkjh :i esa LFkkfir djus esa l{ke gsa lurksa ds lokzf/kd dzkafrdkjh fopkj lkekftd lq/kkj] tkfr&tkfr fohksn lekir djus] lkeiznkf;d o /kkfezd lfg".kqrk cuk;s j[kus vkfn ds lecu/k esa feyrs gsaa orzeku le; esa mi;qzdr lel;kvksa ds fujkdj.k ds lecu/k esa bu lurksa ds fopkjksa dh mikns;rk dks udkjk ugha tk ldrka Hkkjrh; lekt dh lokzf/kd Hksn ewyd O;oLFkk o.kz&tkfr izfkk ekuh tkrh gsa e/;dky esa vksj fo'ks"kdj jktlfkku esa ;g vr;ur fod`r:i esa fo eku FkhA vr% lurksa us bl fpj&ifjfpr lkekftd cqjkbz dks lekir djus dk ozr fy;k vksj bldh fu%lkjrk dks Hkyh&Hkkafr Li"V fd;ka jktlfkkuh lur ijeijk ds yxhkx lhkh lurksa us lkekftd mrfkku lecu/kh fopkj fn;s ^tkr&ikr iwns ufg dksbz gfj dks Hkts lks gfj dks gksbz* eu= ds vk/kkj ij bl HkfDr ds lecu/k esa tkfr fohksn dks udkjk x;k vksj dgk fd lhkh izkf.k;ksa esa,d bz'oj dk fuokl gsa og vfouk'kh ijeizhkq tc lelr pjkpj txr esa leku Hkko ls voflfkr gs rks fqj lekt esa O;kIr vli`';rk Hkyk dsls eku; gks ldrh FkhA /kkfezd leiznk;ksa ds ls¼kfurd leuo; dk iz;kl Hkh lurksa us fd;ka HkDr&lUrx.kksa us v}sr fl¼kur ds vk/kkj ij tkfr ikfr o o.kz xr lkekftd HksnHkko ds muewyu ds fy, /kkfezd er&eurkurjksa vksj fofo/k leiznk;ksa dh vuko';drk o fujlkjrk izekf.kr djus dk iz;kl fd;ka mugksaus ^^nqbz txnh'k dgka us vk;k** tsls lkj xfhkzr iz'u mbk;sa larksa us fgunw vksj blyke /keksza ds chp fdlh Hkh izdkj ds rkfrod Hksn dks vlohdkj fd;ka /kkfezd HksnHkko ls mriuu lkekftd vlarqyu vksj ruko dks gs;?kksf"kr fd;ka HkDr lurksa }kjk lk/kuk,oa O;ogkfjd leuo; gsrq fd;s x;s Hkko iw.kz,sd; ds iz;klksa us fofhkuu /keksza ds vuq;kf;;ksa dks,d & nwljs dh eku;rk,oa fo'oklksa ds izfr lfg".kqrk] lksgknz,oa ;FkkZFk le>;qdr n`f"vdks.k ij fopkj djus gsrq izo`r fd;ka lur ykynklth us ekuoeu esa O;kIr nqfo/kk dk ifjgkj djds bz'oj] [kqnk vksj jke&jghe dh vfhkuurk dks le>us dk funsz'k fn;ka nknwn;ky us fgunw & eqflye dks fojkv Lo:i ijes'oj ds nksuksa us=] dku vksj gkfk isj dk izrhd ekuk (nknwok.kh lk[kh & 7),slh flfkfr esa fqj HkDr blesa ls fdls Åapk o fdls uhpk le> ldrk FkkA lurksa us L=h&iq:"k,drk dks Hkh cy fn;ka lkjka'kr% lurksa ds vuqhko ij vk/kkfjr fopkjksa mins'kksa o fl¼kurksa us tgka,d vksj mudh O;f"V vkreksuufr dh var% izsj.kk dks O;ogkfjd :i iznku fd;k ogha emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

22 nwljh vksj lef"v dy;k.k dk ifk Hkh iz'klr dj rrdkfyd yksdthou ds lunhkz esa izklkafxd Hkwfedk dk fuokzg fd;ka olrqr% thou ds O;ogkfjd /kjkry ij?kfvr gksus okys muds vuqhko,oa vfhko;fdr;ka vkdfled ugha gs oju~ ijeijkxr o ;qx lkis{k jgh gsa ;gh rf; rkrdkfyd yksdo;ogkj gsrq mudh lokzf/kd izalkfxdrk vksj egrrk dks Li"V djrk gsa lunhkz xzafk lwph 1- dchj thou dfkk] lar foosdnkl vkpk;z] dchj Hkou] iq"id Hkou ubz fnyyha 2- dchj lkxj] Lokfe ;qxykuan] [ksejkt d`".knkl izdk'ku 3- dchj thou vksj n'kzu] MkW- moz'kh lwjrh] yksdhkkjrh izdk'ku] vgenkckna 4- dchj xzafkkoyh] jkefd'kksj 'kekz] yksdhkkjrh izdk'ku] ubzfnyyha 5- Jh nknwn;ky dh ok.kh] lq/kkdj ukxjh izpkj.kh lhkk] cukjla 6- nknw xzafkkoyh] vkpk;z ij'kqjke prqosznha 7- nknwn;ky Hkkjrh; lkfgr; ds fuekzrk jkeo`{k] lkfgr; vdkneha 8- tecksth] fo'uksbz leiznk; vksj lkfgr;] MkW- ghjkyky egs'ojha 9- lar tecksth rfkk fo'uksbz n'kzu] MkW- lghjke fo'uksbza 10- ehjkwackbz xzufkkoyh] izks- dy;k.kflag 'ks[kkor] ok.kh izdk'kua 018 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

23 fno;k ekfkqj ds izoklh dfkk lkfgr; esa Lons'kh vksj fons'kh Hkkjrh; ukjh dk ewd Øanu izks- (MkW-) lq/kk ftrsunz xq# ukud nso fo'ofo ky;] ve`rlj (iatkc) liuk lsuh 'kks/kkfkhz] xq# ukud nso fo'ofo ky;] ve`rlj (iatkc) 'kks/k Lkkjka'k izlrqr 'kks/k i= esa laosnuk ds /kjkry ij Lons'kh vksj fons'kh Hkkjrh; ukjh ds vkarfjd :nu dks fn[kk;k x;k gsa vkt L=h Hkys gh iq#"k ds da/ks ls da/kk feykdj [km+h gs rfkk lekt vksj ifjokj dh izxfr esa ljkguh; ;ksxnku ns jgh gs] fdarq vr;k/kqfud ;qx esa Hkh L=h dks izr;{k vksj vizr;{k :i esa 'kkjhfjd] ekufld izrkm+uk nsdj ihns /kdsyus dk dk;z fd;k tk jgk gsa ekr`hkwfe gks ;k fons'kh /kjrh] vksjr izfr lekt dk jos;k fueze gh gsa vksjr ds eu esa dgha csjge O;oLFkk ls mitk vkøks'k gs rks dgha?kjsyw nqo;zogkj ls mith dqabka vdsysiu] fulkgk; volfkk] nqo;zogkj tslh ifjflfkfr;ksa ls tw>us ds lkfk ukjh ds vanj la?k"kz] R;kx] lkgl dk :i ifjyf{kr gksrk gs] ogha lekt ds fy, cnyko dk,d U;kSrk Hkh gsa vksjr nks;e~ ntsz ls Åij mbdj LoRokf/kdkfju~ cu dj mhkjrh gs rfkk R;kx dh ewfrz u cudj fuhkhzd :i ls vius vvy lkgl ds lkfk lekt ds le{k [km+h gsa ladsrk{kj % Lons'kh vksj fons'kh] ewd Øanu] ekr` Hkwfe vksj izoklh Hkwfe] nksgjk vfhk'kki] psruke;h ukjh] vukn`r L=h] vksjr % gd vksj eqfdr] iq#"k izrkm+uka HkkizLrqr djus okyh fno;k ekfkqj izoklh thou ds l'kdr mnkgj.k is'k djus okyh glrk{kj gsa bugksaus jrh; ewy ds izfl¼ fgunh jpukdkjksa esa fczvsu esa clh fno;k ekfkqj dk uke fgunh izoklh dfkk lkfgr; esa fo'ks"k :i ls myys[kuh; gsa viuksa ls nwj] fdlh vu; ns'k@hkwfe ij jgus okys yksxksa ds tuthou dks jpukredrk ds vk;keksa tsls dgkuh] ukvd] vuqokn] fqye] xhr] x+t+y] jsfm;ks,oa nwjn'kzu esa fo'ks"k Hkwfedk fuhkkbz gsa ns'k&fons'k ds chp vkokxeu djrk budk dfkk lkfgr; lkfgfr;d fof'k"vrk dks mhkkjrk gsa dgkfu;ksa dk df; tgk ekr`hkwfe vksj izoklh&hkwfe ds la;kstu ls cuk gksrk gs] ogha vkd"kzd ekgksy vksj fomecukvksa ls mith Ågkiksg dh izlrqfr dks Hkh c;ku djrk gsa ekuoh; laca/kksa dh izlrqfr eq[;r% budh dgkfu;ksa dh fof'k"vrk gsa efgykvksa ds reke la?k"kksza dk fpëk [kksyrk budk dgkuh lkfgr; vrqykuh; gsa dgkfu;ksa dk df; tgka vr;f/kd ihm+k]?k`.kk] tqxqilk dk lapkyu djrk gs] cfyd blds lkfk vksjr ds ml la?k"kz dk o`ùkkar Hkh nsrk gs tks L=h viuh ihm+k dks [+kre djus gsrq djrh gsa buds izoklh dfkk lkfgr; esa tgka ifr t+qye dk izrhd cudj mhkjrk gs] ogha lkl Hkh ekufld izrkm+uk nsus esa Hkkxhnkj cukh gqbz gsa bl rjg fj'rksa vksj ifjflfkfr;ksa esa fil jgh vksjr dh nklrk vkarfjd #nu dks O;Dr djrh gsa vksjr dh nksgjh Hkwfedk mlds fy, nksgjk vfhk'kki cu dsls iz[kj :i ysrh gs] bldk mnkgj.k izoklh dfkk lkfgr; esa vksjrksa dh n'kk mhkkjrh gsa L=h gksdj iq#"k dh opzlork dks rks og Lohdkj djrh gs] fdurq lkfk gh iq#"k }kjk nh xbz ekufld vksj 'kkjhfjd ihm+k dks Hkh lgu djrh gsa ysfdu iq#"k dh opzlork izokl ds nksjku L=h ij vksj Hkh gkoh gks tkrh gsa ;gh opzlo nksgjk vfhk'kki cudj L=h ij rc gkoh gksrk gs] tc iq#"k }kjk nh xbz ;krukvksa ds vfrfjdr mls izoklh tu thou esa iuirk vtuchiu] vdsykiu] dqabk] la=kl Hkh izhkkfor djrk gsa iq#"k dh ;krukvksa dk d+gj rks oks L=h cu igys gh >syrh gs] ijarq izoklh lekt ds ;g fparuh; fcanq mls vksj Hkh Jkfir thou thus dks ck/; dj nsrs emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

24 gsaa bl rjg fno;k ekfkqj us nks ns'kksa ds chp fo'o&xk o ds fldqm+ tkus ds ifj.kke Lo:i nqfu;k esa vk jgs cnyko ls ekuoh; laca/kksa dh xgurk rd igq p dj mls dyiuk ds lka ps esa <ky dj euksoskkfud <ax ls vfhko;dr fd;k gsa fons'kh /kjrh dh jks'kuh ds ihns fnis va/kdkj dks izoklh Hkkjrh; vksjr ds ifjizs{; esa vius lkfgr; }kjk izlrqr fd;k gsa budk izoklh fgunh dfkk lkfgr; dyiuk ds Nksj ls pydj ikbdoxz ds Hkhrj gypy isnk djrk gsa cgqeq[kh dyk dh vf/k"bk=h fno;k ekfkqj us lekukurj :i ls viuh izfrhkk dks xfr'khy j[krs gq, vrqykuh; lkfgr; fy[kk gs] ftuesa vkøks'k (2000)] iaxk rfkk vu; dgkfu;ka (2009)] 2050 vksj vu; dgkfu;ka (2011)] fgunh@loxz- bu (2013)] esm bu bafm;k vksj vu; dgkfu;ka (2013) gsa vf/kdrj dgkuh laxzg Lons'kh vksj fons'kh Hkkjrh; L=h ds thou dh xkfkk dks izlrqr djrs gsaa L=h ds ekufld var}za},oa la?k"kze;h thou dks izlrqr djus okyh bl izoklh ysf[kdk us izoklh thou dh folaxfr;ksa esa ukjh dh ;FkkfLFkfr (LVsVl) dks fpf=r fd;k gsa tgka laiuu ns'kksa esa Hkkjrh; iq#"k gh vf/kdrj izoklh curs Fks] ogha fno;k ekfkqj us dfkk lalkj dh bl Hkwfe ij vf/kdrj L=h ik=ksa dks vius lkfgr; dk dsanz fcanq cuk;k gsa fons'kh ifjos'k esa Hkh tgk iq#"k opzlo gh gkoh fn[kk;k gsa ogha iq#"k fojks/kh psruke;h ukjh dh Nfo dks Hkh ck[kwch fpf=r fd;k x;k gsa Lokoyafcuh izoklh Hkkjrh; ukjh ds lkfk&lkfk vksjr dh ijk, ns'k vksj ifjos'k esa Åc]?kqVu] ftthfo"kk Hkh fn[kkbz gsa ;gh fpark, vksjr dh ewd Øafnr flfkfr dks c;ku djrh gsaa izoklh ns'k ds ifjos'k ds vfrfjdr mugksaus dfkk lkfgr; ds ek/;e ls Hkkjrh; ifjos'k dks Hkh L=h ij gkoh crk;k gs] tgka fl=;k a cu/kuksa esa jgdj thou dh Lora=rk dk guu djrh gsaa ukjh eqfdr ds ifjizs{; esa ysf[kdk dgrh gs& ^^eqfdr,d fejkt gs( ftlds ihns esa Hkkxrh jgh gw tks eq>s fp<+krh gs vksj gkfk esa vkdj nwj gks tkrh gsa**bl rjg vksjr dks gj Åc]?kqVu] cfu/kr ifjos'k ls eqdr djokus ds fy, ysf[kdk vius lkfgr; }kjk psruk dh e'kky txkus dk iz;ru dj jgh gsa blh eqfdr ds fy, ysf[kdk ukjh ds 'kks"k.k laca/kh ifjflfkfr;ksa dks of.kzr djrh gqbz dgrh gs& ^^vkt dksu yksx vksj dslh flfkfr;ka nks"kh gs vksj Lo;a ukjh mu flfkfr;ksa ds fy, fdruh ft+eesnkj gs\ igys rks ge r; djsa fd eqfdr gesa fdlls pkfg,\ iq#"k ls ;k fd vius ghu Hkko ls ;k fd O;oLFkk ls\** izoklh lkfgr; l`tu ds ifj.kkelo:i ysf[kdk }kjk ftl lekt dk lk{kkr~ o.kzu gqvk gs mlesa ukjh esa eqfdr dh rhoz NViVkgV cuh gqbz gsa ;g eqfdr dgha xyh lm+h ijeijkvksa ls gs rks dgha ml mckå izoklh fta+nxh lsa myys[kuh; izoklh dfkk lkfgr; Li"V djrk gs fd uohu izoklh lekt dk ifjos'k L=h dh n;uh; flfkfr esa ifjorzu ugha yk ldrk gs D;ksafd iq#"k ds vgaoknh O;ogkj esa L=h ds izfr ogh lks lky iqjkuh ekufldrk cuh gqbz gsa ;g vga Hkjk iq#"k O;ogkj gh L=h dks n`<+ rfkk la?k"kze;h cukrk gsa iquthzou ds fy, yydrh ftthfo"kk ds lkfk ysf[kdk fohkk ds :i esa dgha lqn`<+ L=h x<+rh gs tks dgha lekt dh O;oLFkk dks iyvus dks rs;kj jgrh gs vksj dgha dqafbr] ijra= thou esa nch gqbz L=h dks ikbd oxz ds le{k izlrqr djrh gsa lekt esa vukn`r cuh L=h ds vusd i{kksa dks viuh dfkk fo/kk esa O;k[;kf;r dj ysf[kdk us lkeku; ukjh dks psru fd;k gsa ukjh ds fy, lekt] pkgs izoklh ns'k dk gks ;k viuh ekr`hkwfe dk] izrkm+uk gh mlds ewd&foyki dh vijkf/kuh cuh gsa bl rjg fno;k ekfkqj us vius dfkk lkfgr; esa miflfkr dgkfu;ksa ds dysoj esa L=h ds ewd&foyki ls lacaf/kr lel;kvksa dk lkaxksikax fp=.k isus <ax ls dgkfu;ksa dh ukf;dkvksa }kjk mtkxj fd;k gsa dgkuh ^vkøks'k* Hkkjrh; L=h ds xhkzikr djokus dh ekfezd O;Fkk gs] tks rhljh larku blhfy, isnk ugha djuk pkgrh] D;ksafd igys gh nks csfv;ksa dk ikyu&iks"k.k dfbu gsa izlrqr dgkuh,d rjq ifr v'kksd dk fuekszghiu vksj fubyykiu n'kkzrh gs vksj nwljh rjq fganqlrkuh iruh dh csclh] egùoghurk dks mn~?kkfvr djrh gsa ifr v'kksd }kjk rks foosdk dh vokk gksrh gs] ysfdu lkl Hkh mls rkuksa mykguksa ls ekufld ihm+k nsrh gsa ;gh ekufld m}sxu vk lqvksa dh unh esa f?kj dj vkøks'k vksj vkren;k esa f?kj tkrk gsa bl rjg vkffkzd ifjflfkfr;ksao'k xhkzikr djokus ds lecu/k esa foosdk vius ifr dks dgrh gs& ^^e'khu&lk pyrk esjk 'kjhj fdlh dks ugha fn[kk;h nsrk\** 020 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

25 ^^pqi jgks] eka lqu jgh gksxha** v'kksd us lkspk eka dk Mj mls pqi djk nsxka ij og rks Hkjh csbh FkhA cksyh] ^^mugsa irk gsa og ugha pkgrh dh,ckz'ku djk;k tk,a** ^^rks er djkvksa** ^^dek ds rqe f[kykvksxs ;k rqegkjh veeka\** ^^fqj dgk u] tks pkgs djksa rqegkjk 'kjhj gsa rqe ugha pkgrh] rks fxjok nksa** ^^tc esa ugha pkgrh] rc Hkh vki ckt ugha vkrsa rc D;k og vkidk 'kjhj gks tkrk gs\** dgkuh ^vkøks'k* vksjr dh foo'krk dks n'kkzrh gsa foosdk vius xhkz dks fxjkus ds fy, ftruh foo'k gs] mruh gh ekufld :i ls cscl vksj det+ksj Hkh gsa eerk dk mekm+ tgka vkffkzd ifjflfkfr;ksao'k nfer gksrk gs] ogha vkffkzd n;uh; flfkfr;ka mls ckdh cppksa dh [+okfg'kksa ij cksf>y yxrh gs& ^^Lo;a ekufld] 'kkjhfjd] vkfred d"v lgdj Hkh foosdk viuh larku dks d"vksa ls cpkus ds fy, NViVk mbha cppksa dh uugha&uugha [+okfg'kksa dk xyk?kksvrs&?kksvrs og rax vk pqdh FkhA cppkksa dks nw/k rd rks ulhc ugha gksrk],d vksj cppk vk x;k] rks dsls xqtkjk gksxk\** dgkuh ^lathou* ifr vksj lkl }kjk ihfm+r lhek dh flfkfr dks c;ku djrh gsa fnyyh dh la djh xyh esa jgus okyh fookfgr lhek] ifr vksj lkl dh ekufld ladh.kzrk dh f'kdkj gsa rkukas&mykguksa dh fo}s"kiw.kz ladh.kzrkvksa esa xdz gksus dh ctk; og pquksfr;ksa ls tw>rs gq, lrr~ muu;u dk y{; pqurh gsa bl izdkj lhek if'pe dh vk/kqfudrk ds fcuk gh viuk jklrk cukrh gs vksj ysf[kdk Hkkjrh; L=h esa u, fljs ls thus dh vkdka{kk mriuu djrh gsa blds fy, og?kj&ifjokj lcdh e;kznk,a rksm+dj vius fy, thus dks rrij gksrh gsa 'kknh ds ckn og llqjky i{k dh vkffkzd flfkfr dks tku dj LrC/k jg tkrh gsa'kknh ds fy, mbk;k gqvk dt+z] dtz+nkjksa dks vnk djus gsrq 'kknh ds vxys gh fnu ifr vksj lkl] lhek ls islkas dh ek x djrs gasa uksdjhis'kk gksus ij mlds osru ij fd, x, O;aX; Hkjs iz'u mls vanj rd >d>ksj dj j[k nsrs gsa] tks lhek dks lnes ds leku izrhr gksrs gsaa {kqc/k lhek vius dks tatky esa Q alk gqvk eglwl djrh gsa lekt esa tgka lhek tslh uksdjhis'kk vksjrksa dks ihgj okys mpp LVsVl lacy cukrs gasa ogha lehj vksj mldh ek tsls yksx tksad dh rjg fpid dj vanj gh vanj ls jdr pwlus dks rrij jgrs gsa%& ^^rqe lkyksa ls uksdjh dj jgh gks] rqeus dqn rks lso fd;k gksxk\* lehj us lhek ls iwnk rks la=lr lhek us ^u* esa flj fgyk fn;ka ^D;ksa\ ml isls ij rqegkjk gd+ gsa* gddh&cddh lhek dhkh lehj dk rks dhkh viuh lkl dk psgjk fugkj jgh Fkh! dsls dkfgy vksj tkfgy yksxksa ls ikyk im+k Fkk mldk\ og dsls fucvsxh buls\ ^oks rks mugksaus esjh 'kknh ij [kpz dj fn;k*a og mudh ft+eesnkjh Fkh] rqe ugha dekrh rks D;k os rqegas?kj csbk, j[krs\* lehj vc cs'kehz ij mrj vk;k FkkA lhek dk fny tksjksa ls /km+d jgk Fkk] mldh duifv;ksa dh ulsa pvdus dks vkrqj FkhaA** dgkuh ^lathou* L=h dh ekufld mrihfm+urk dks c;ku djrh gsa bl ekufld mrihm+u ds ihns dsoy iq#"k dh lùkk gh ugha cfyd nwljh vksjr dk Hkh opzlo gksrk gsa?kjsyw ekufld ihm+k esa lkl gh cgq ds f[+kykq+ tkdj mls nfer dj viuk vflrro dk;e j[kuk pkgrh gsa uksdjhis'kk vksjr lhek Hkys gh :<+ Nfo;ksa ls eqfdr ikdj viuh vflerk dks dk;e djus dh dksf'k'k esa yxh jgrh gsa ysfdu lkl }kjk mldh vflerk dk guu fd;k tkrk gsa ;gh guu] ekufld }U}] mldh izxfr esa ck/kd curk gsa uksdjhis'kk lhek dks lkl }kjk ges'kk gh Hkn~ns O;aX;] rkuas feyrs gsaa ifr dk fubyykiu rks mls pqhku nsrk gh gs] lkfk gh lkl Hkh mls ekufld :i ls de izrkfm+r ugha djrh gsa vkffkzd raxh gksus ij lkl }kjk tusis esa lhek dks ihgj Hkstus ij] tgka og Lora= thou O;rhr djrh gs] ogha og ykshkh ifr vksj lkl ds ikl la djh xyh okyh gosyh dh dksbjh esa uk tkus dh Bku ysrh gsa ysfdu ihgj esa ek }kjk ifr v/khu jgus dh?kqêh fiykdj mls okfil ml gosyh esa ifr ds ikl Hkst fn;k tkrk gsa tusis ds i'pkr~ foo'k lhek ds llqjky okfil tkus ij ogh xank ekgksy] Hkn~ns rkuas dls gq, 'kcn mlds vanj /k/kdrh Tokyk dks izp.m djrs gsaa ;Fkk& emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

26 ^^rhu lhf<+;k p<+rs le; lhek dk eu gqvk dh cqddk QkM+ dj jks,a _ mldh fgpfd;k lhus esa gh nq+u gks xbzaa gosyh okyksa esa ubz cpph dks ns[kus ls Hkh vf/kd cyorh Fkh ml cgw dks ns[kus dh bpnk tks ik p eghuksa ds ckn yksvh FkhA ^Fkwd pkvds vkbz u okila* veeka fdlh ls dg jgh Fkha lhek dks mcdkbz vk xbza,d ykok Fkk tks lhek dh /kefu;ksa esa cg jgk Fkk] dgha ls 'kjhj pvdrk fd ckgj vkrka** dgkuh ^2050* fczvsu esa Hkkjrh;ksa ds la?k"kz dh O;Fkk gsa ysf[kdk o"kz 2050 esa,d,sls ekuoh; lekt dh dyiuk djrh gsa tgka ^gkbz vkbz&d;w* okys ifr&iruh gh larku dj ldrs gas vksj mugsa blds fy, fons'kksa esa cukbz xbz ^lekt lqj{kk ifj"kn~* dh ijh{kk ls xqtj dj vuqefr ysuh im+rh gsa dgkuh eq[;r% izoklh Hkkjrh; ukjh dh dqpyrh Hkkoukvksa dks c;ku djrh gsa ek cuus dk ojnku tks vksjr dks bz'oj }kjk iznùk gs] fons'kh ifj"kn~ }kjk mls Hkh dqpyk x;k gsa fons'k esa jgrh Hkkjrh; ukjh ½pk dh ek cuus dh vk'kkvksa ij yanu dh lqj{kk ifj"kn~ ikuh Qsj nsrh gsa lqj{kk ifj"kn~ Hkkjrh; tksm+ksa dks fons'kh LieZ ls larkuksifùk ds fy, izsfjr djrh gsa ifj"kn~ tgka ½pk vksj osn tsls ifr&iruh dh Hkkoukvksa dks dqpyrh gs] ogha muds }kjk fd, x, fojks/k dks Hkh dqpy Mkyrh gsa dgkuh esa,d rjq rks eero Hkkouk dqpyrh gqbz fn[kkbz nsrh gs rks nwljh rjq xksjksa dk izhkqro Hkh fn[kkbz nsrk gsa dqabk dh f'kdkj ½pk viuh ekufldrk dks fons'kh ifj"kn~ ds f[+kykq+ cuk ysrh gsa tgka fons'kh uhfr;ka euq"; ds thou esa [+kyy Mkyrh gqbz izrhr gksrh gas] ogha ;g uhfr;ka Hkkjrh; dqjhfr;ksa ij pksv Hkh djrh gsaa,d rjq fons'k esa ½pk cpps ds fy, ifj"kn~ okyksa ls fojks/k djrh gs rks nwljh rjq Hkkjr esa yksx eknk Hkzw.k dks [+kre djokus esa l{ke gsa bl rjg ns'k gks ;k fons'k gj dgha ukjh ds izfr lekt dk vekuoh;d`r :i gh lkeus vkrk gs %& ^^eq>s,d cppk pkfg,a viuk cppk] thrk tkxrk] ftls esa Nkrh ls yxk ldw ] viuk nw/k fiyk ldw A* ½pk ds bu tt+ckrh nksjksa ls osn fryfeyk x;k Fkk] mls Mj Fkk fd ;fn lekt lqj{kk ifj"kn~ dks ½pk ds nksjksa dh Hkud Hkh yx xbz rks muds vkosnu ij,d cm+k lk iz'u fpg~u yx dj jg tk,xka ^^½pk] vius dks lahkkyks] rqe rks gekjs fy,,d vksj eqlhcr [km+h dj nksxha cpps dh btkt+r feyuk rks nwj] dgha ge vius osokfgd thou ls Hkh gkfk uk /kks csbasa* osn us IykfLVd dk cm+k lk xqm~mk mldh xksnh esa Mkyrs gq, dgk** ^izrh{kk* dgkuh Hkkjrh; yksxksa dh fo/kok vksjrksa ds izfr ladh.kz nklrk dks c;ku djrh gsa L=h l/kok gks ;k fo/kok] ysfdu Hkkjrh; lekt dh ijaijk, mlds lkfk lg;ksx dh ok.kh dhkh ugha cksyrha Hkkjr esa lrh izfkk rks le; jgrs [+kre gks xbz vksj blds lkfk gh dgha u dgha 'kkjhfjd tyu dh ihm+k Hkh lekir gks xbza ysfdu fo/kok dks ekufld ihm+k nsus dk izpyu vc Hkh tkjh gs] mls rkuksa&mykguksa esa pqm+sy] ifr dks [kk tkus okyh] vusd vufxur ukeksa ls iqdkjk tkrk gsa ^fctth* uked fo/kok dk thou,slh gh ;FkkfLFkfr dh nklrk dks c;ku djrk gsa uofookfgr nqygu dh vk'kk,a tc ifr dh fprk ds lkfk gh jk[k gks tkrh gs rks fo/kok dk catj lk thou mlds fy, ek= Jki cudj jg tkrk gsa chekj ifr dks mlds lkfk dqn iyksa ds fy, 'kknh ds ca/ku esa cka/k dj mldh tk;nkn,sab dj llqjky i{k mls vkffkzd flfkfr ls rks ykpkj cukrk gh gs] lkfk gh lkfk mls ekufld d"v Hkksxus dks Hkh etcwj dj nsrk gsa ;Fkk& ^^esaus D;k fd;k Fkk\ D;k esaus mugsa ekjk Fkk\ rqe yksx tkurs&cw>rs ml ejht+ dks nqygk cuk yk, Fks vksj eq>s cka/k fn;k Fkk mu pan lka lksa ds lkfk tks lqgkxjkr rd Hkh u pyhaa esjs ek &cki ds /ku nksyr tk;nkn lc ij dct+k dj fy;ka eq>s ft+ank xkm+ fn;k bl dksbjh esa tgk ** ^izrh{kk* dgkuh lekt esa fo/kok dh vuqhkwfr;ksa vksj fo/kok dh ;FkkfLFkfr;ksa dks fpf=r djrh gsa Hkkjr gks ;k vu; ns'k] ysfdu Hkkjrh; yksxksa dh ikjeifjd Nfo;ka,slh gh cuh jgrh gsa_ pkgs oks ijaijk, fdlh ds fy, cks> gh D;ksa u gksa izlrqr dgkuh dh ik=k fctth dks ifr dh e`r;q ds ckn pqm+sy?kksf"kr dj fn;k tkrk gsa fo/kok fctth dks?kj esa O;FkZ le> dj vfkok lsfodk cuk dj fnu jkr mldk 'kkjhfjd vksj ekufld 'kks"k.k fd;k tkrk gsa fo/kok dh =klnh dks c;ku djrh fctth dh vuqhkwfr;k ân; esa deiu isnk djrh gsa ifr dh fprk ds lkfk jk[k gqbz bpnkvksa dks nfer gksus ds ckn 022 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

27 fctth dks ifjokj okys vogsyuk dk ik= cuk dj pqms+y] ifr dks [kkus okyh?kksf"kr dj nsrs gasa fctth var}za} djrh gqbz vius vflrro dks igpkuus dh dksf'k'k djrh gs& ^^D;k og lpeqp pqm+sy gsa\ rhkh rks mugsa jkr dks bl va/ksjh dksbjh esa can dj fn;k tkrk gsa u tkus] jkr dks og lksus ds ckn pq+m+sy gks tkrh gksa_ fdlh dk [kwu ih ysrh gkas] ugha rks,slh cqjh volfkk esa jgdj Hkh dksbz brus cjl dsls thfor jg ldrk gs\ cm+h&ek vksj nsojkuh >wb D;w cksyasxh\ cm+h ek rks fnu jkr iwtk&ikb djrh gsa_ 'kk;n mldk Hkwr mrkjus ds fy,a mugsa Lo;a ls Mj yxus yxk_ og viuh txg Lianughu lh csbh jghaa Mjrs&Mjrs] ilhus esa Hkhxh og mbha vksj 'kh'ks esa viuk psgjk ns[kdj,dk,d ph[k+ mbh] ;g rks og ugha FkhaA** ^vkregr;k ls igys* dgkuh dh ukf;dk ikfjokfjd mrihm+u ls nq[kh gsa ;g mrihm+u gh mls vkregr;k ds fy, izsfjr djrk gsa ikfjokfjd laldkjksa esa tgka mls lgu'khyrk ds laldkj feys gsa] ogha ihgj ls ysdj llqjky rd fdlh dks mldh Åc]?kqVu vksj volkne;h flfkfr dk t+jk Hkh Kku ughaa ihgj ifjokj }kjk 'kknh djds tgka mls igys gh izoklh cuk;k tkrk gs_ ogha llqjky tkdj ijk,iu dk O;ogkj mls dpksvrk gs vksj ;gh ijk;kiu mls lekt ls dvus dks etcwj dj nsrk gsa ukjh dk ;gh cn~rj thou mls vkregr;k tsls Øwj d`r; viukus ds fy, izsfjr dj nsrk gsa ifr }kjk vokk Hkko vksj lkl dh dvk{k Hkjh ckrsa mls }U}] la=kl ds tatky esa Q alk nsrh gsaa blh tatky dh eqfdr ds fy, dgkuh dh ukf;dk vkregr;k dh vksj mueq[k gks tkrh gs%& ^^bl?kj dks dsls le>w \,d {k.k ds fy, Hkh ;gka fdlh us viuk ugha le>k] nks 'kcn lgkuqhkwfr ds ugha dgs_ esa reke ft+anxh mu 'kcnksa ds lgkjs th ldrh FkhA ;s nksuksa esjk flj ikuh esa tcnzlrh Mqck, j[krs gas_ t+jk lh lrg ij vkus dh esjh dksf'k'k eka th dqfvyrk ls fu"qy dj nsrh gs vksj bl ps"vk dh lt+k csvs ds t+fj, eq>s tynh gh fnyok nsrh gsa** dgkuh ^vkregr;k ls igys* eq[; ukf;dk ds var}az} dks fpf=r djrh gsa ukf;dk tgk lkl vksj ifr ls mrihfm+r gksdj vkregr;k djus dh lksprh gs] ogha ft+anxh thus dh ftthfo"kk vksj fonzksgh u cu dj lkekftd ewy;ksa esa vkregr;k tslh Øwjrk dks uk djus dh Hkh Bkurh gsa,d rjq vdsykiu] dqabk] mldh ekufldrk dks [kks[kyk cuk nsrk gsa ;gh ekufld cnyko vkregr;k dh izo`fùk dks izcy djus esa viuk ;ksxnku ns Mkyrk gsa nwljh rjq ihgj ls feys laldkj vkregr;k dh izcyrk dks v{ke dj nsrs gassa Hkkjrh; ifjos'k dh ukfj;ka 'kknh ds ckn izoklh rks gks tkrh gsa] ysfdu lfn;ksa ls pyh vk jgh lekt dh vkffkzd ifjikvh dh ifjflfkfr;ksa eas vius vki dks vlgk;] ykpkj] foo'k vksj iq#"k ds jgeksa&dez ij NksM+ nh tkus okyh viuh fu;fr dks viukrs gq, ekufld }a} dks >syrh gsaa Bhd oslh gh flfkfr izlrqr dgkuh dh ukf;dk dh gs tks?kjsyw fgalk ls mrihfm+r gs ysfdu fqj Hkh blh thou dks fu;fr ekurs gq, var}za} dh vkx esa rks tyuk eatwj dj ysrh gs ijarq vkx esa >qyl dj vkregr;k djus dh?k`f.kr izo`fùk dk R;kx djrh gs%& ^^D;k ;g vpnk ugha jgsxk fd esa Nqfê;ksa esa cppksa dks ukuh ds?kj Hkstdj vkregr;k d: \ esa mugsa ysdj dgha pyh D;ksa ugha tkrh ij dgk \ rhu cppksa dks ysdj dgka Bksdjs [kkå xh] dksu j[ksxk eq>s \ pkgs Hkj&isV u feys] nks odr dk [kkuk rks feyrk gh gs ;gka A,d ;k Ms<+ jksvh ued ;k vpkj ds lkfk B wldj esa vius eu dks le>krh vkbz gw fd vksjr dk thou gh mrlxz gsa** dgkuh ^cpko* izokl esa jgrs yksxksa dh vkffkzd la?k"kz dh xkfkk gsa izoklh yksx Hkkjr ls viuh vkffkzd flfkfr dks Bgjko nsus ds fy, iyk;u djrs gsa bugha yksxksa esa ls dgkuh dh ukf;dk fuafn;k gs tks Hkkjr ls fcuk ek &cki dks crk, Hkkxdj fueu Lrj dk thou;kiu NksM+ fons'k dh pdkpksa/k] vkffkzd laiuurkvksa esa Lokoyach cuus ds fy, pyh tkrh gsa ogha izokl nksjku thou Lrj dks Å pk mbkus esa yxs yksx fdlh Hkh vu;k; ls xqtj dj viuh vkffkzd laiuurk dks dk;e djuk pkgrs gsaa ukf;dk dks viuh mpp LVsVl dh [+okfg'kksa dh d+her dgha viuk 'kkjhfjd 'kks"k.k djokdj pqdkuh im+rh gs rks dgha vfrfjdr dke ds cks> rys ncdja n +rj esa cm+s lkgc dh fons'kh Hkksxoknh izo`fr dk fuafn;k dks lkeuk djuk im+rk gsa ckwl ds lkeus osru c<+kus vksj vu; lel;kvksa dh ;kfpdk,a mls vius 'kjhj dks nk o ij yxkdj is'k djuh im+rh gasa ;Fkk& emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

28 ^^vkld eh,fuffkax] MkWfyZaxA* muds gkfk fuafn;k ds cnu ij fqlyrs gq, mldh tka?kks rd vk igq apsa,sls oknksa dh fujfkzdrk ls og Hkyh Hkkafr ifjfpr FkhA nqfu;k esa dsls dsls yksx gsa tks nwljksa dh etcwfj;ksa ij thrs gas vksj nwljksa dh det+ksfj;ksa dk Q+k;nk mbkrs gasa for`".kk ds ekjs og f'kffky gks xbza vius 'kjhj ls fpids cm+s lkgc ds cnu ls Hkh laosnughua** ^cpko* dgkuh Hkkjrh;ksa dh vkffkzd ewy;ksa dh iwfrz gsrq fons'kh izokl dh ;FkkfLFkfr dks lkeus ykrh gsa ;wjksfi;u 'ksyh dh Hkksxoknh izo`fùk us tgka Hkkjrh;ksa dk Hkkjrh;iu Nhu dj mugsa dgha u dgha Hkksxoknh cuk fn;k gs] ogha Hkkjr ls vkbz fuafn;k viuh L=hRo dh j{kk dj fganqlrkuh ped cjdjkj j[krh gsa fuafn;k viuh vkffkzdrk ij gkoh] ckwl ds cykrdkj ds iz;kl ij ikuh Qsj dj viuh ifo=rk dk;e j[krh gsa baxysam esa tgka fganqlrkuh lekt dgha cny x;k gs rks ogha fganqlrkuh L=h fuafn;k viuh Hkkjrh;rk dk;e j[krh gsa Hkkjr gks ;k baxysam nksuksa gh txg ij L=h vlqjf{kr gsa bldh Lora=rk dk guu gksrk gh vk;k gsa ysfdu iz'u txg dk ugha cfyd O;fDr dh viuh psrurk dk gs tks ukf;dk vius L=hRo dh j{kk dj c;ku djrh gsa ckwl ds cykrdkj ds iz;klksa dks fu"qy dj ukf;dk fcuk fdlh Hk; ds vu;k; ls eqfdr ik ysuk pkgrh gsa blds fy, pkgs mls viuh c<+ jgh vkffkzd laiuurk dks gh /kjk'kk;h djuk im+s % ^^cgqr lg fy;k] cl vc fuafn;k vksj ugha lgsxh fdlh dh T+;knfr;k A dg nsxh fd mlus vius cpko esa gh cm+s lkgc dks?kk;y fd;k FkkA vxj tt us dgk fd mls mugsa bruk?kk;y djus dh D;k vko';drk Fkh rks og dg nsxh fd ;fn og muds fdlh vksj vax ij xez ikuh Mkyrh rks cm+s lkgc ml ij vklkuh ls dkcw ik ysrsa :ik lqurh rks [kq'k gks tkrha ukssdjh tkrh gs rks tk,a lct+h dh nqdku ij dke dj ysxh] osvsªl cu tk,xh ;k okfil Hkkjr pyh tk,xha** dgkuh ^t+gj eksgjk* esa ysf[kdk us baxysam ds lekt dh fomacukvksa,oa lel;kvksa esa izoklh Hkkjrh; L=h dh rlohj dks mdsjk gsa Mk;Liksjk dh va/k&vklfkk ls xzlr gksdj Hkkjrh; efgdk 'kknh djds baxysam esa ftl vklfkk ls tkrh gs og ogk dh fomecukvksa dks ns[kdj eksghkax esa ifjofrzr gks tkrh gsa ;gh eksghkax okfil viuh tm+ksa ls tqm+us dh cks[kykgv dks mriuu djrk gsa fookgsùkj gksus ds ckotwn Hkh Hkkjrh; efgdk dk ifr viuh lgsyh yhlk ds lkfk laca/kksa esa jgrk gsa ifr ds uktk;t+ laca/k tks mlds vanj fpark dh vaxkjh isnk djrs gas] ogh uktk;t+ laca/k mls vdsykiu]?kqvu nsrs gasa efgdk ftl laca/k dks vuqfpr ekurh gs ogh ifr tslu ds fy, if'peh lald`fr ds pyrs VsªaMh dypj gksrk gsa bl rjg fons'kh dypj dh mit uktk;t+ laca/k efgdk ds vlkeatl; dk dkj.k curs gsa rfkk mldh vkarfjd fodyrk dks c<+kok nsrs gasa ;Fkk& ^^dkj esa csbh&csbh ;gh lksp jgh Fkh efgdk_ bl nksjku lfn;ka xqtjrh pyh xbz u tkus fdruh ckj Hkksx pqdh gksxh tslu dks vc rd yhlk! dkj pykdj mls dgha nwj fudy tkuk pkfg, fdarq og tk, rks dgka tk,a\ iqfyl mls tynh gh [kkst ysxh- dkj dks lkeus okyh nhokj esa Bksd ns rks dslk jgs\ nq?kzvuk esa e`r;q gks tk,xh rks og lc >a>vksa ls eqdr gks tk,xh-** dgkuh ^t+gj eksgjk* izokl esa mith fj'rksa dh ÅcdkbZ dk izlrqrhdj.k gsa osokfgd laca/kksa esa L=h vksj iq#"k vu;ksu;kfjr gsaa ogh fdlh,d }kjk fj'rksa esa dh xbz vogsyuk ekufld fodyrk dks c<+krh gsa dgkuh dh ukf;dk efgdk baxysam dh pdkpksa/k ls rks izhkkfor jgrh gsa ysfdu if'peh lald`fr dk fod`r :i ftlesa efgdk lkeatl; ugha fcbk ikrh gs] mldh ekufld fuf"ø;rk dk dkj.k curs gsaa ifr tslu ds vu; ym+dh yhlk ds lkfk laca/k gksus ds dkj.k og vius dks ek= vogsfyr olrq le>rh gsa ;gh izoklh okrkoj.k mls dqafbr vksj vdsyk izrhr djokrk gs %& ^^efgdk dks dhkh&dhkh yxrk gs fd og 'ksyq+ esa j[kh,d VªkSQ+h Hkj gs ftls jkst+ >km+&iksndj okfil ltk fn;k tkrk gs-** ogha ^t+gj eksgjk* dgkuh esa izokl nksjku vdsykiu Hkh gkoh fn[kkbz im+rk gsa furkar vdsyh vksjr efgdk dk fons'k esa dksbz lacy uk gksus ds dkj.k og vius vki dks v{ke ekurh gsa Hkkjrh; ekrk&firk dk izse vksj ekr`hkwfe dk yxko mls viuh rjq [khaprk gsa ogha ifr ds if'peh lald`fr ds pyrs vu; laca/k] mls ekufld ruko ds vfrfjdr dqn ugha nsrs gas % ^ikik] Iyht+ eq>s ys tkvks ;gka ls* efgdk vius eksckby ij firk ds uecj dk cvu nckrs #d xbz Fkh_ 024 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

29 bl ckj og ikik dks fnd ugha djsxh] ;g ekeyk og ugha lqy>k ik,axsa viuh?kqvh gqbz fgpfd;ksa dh otg ls og lkal Hkh ugha ys ik jgh FkhA** ^lksjh MkfyZax* dgkuh fons'k esa Hkkjrh; L=h ds LFkkfir (,LVsfCy'M) gksus dh izlrqfr gsa Hkkjrh; L=h izokl ds nksjku vpns LFkkfiR; dks gh Lora= euu ekurh gs ysfdu iq#"k lsdlqvy Lora=rk dks viuh Lora=rk ekurk gsa vksjr dk fons'k esa vpnk LFkkfir gksus ds ckotwn Hkh vksjr dh flfkfr iq#"k dh ut+j esa fueu gh gsa fons'kh lald`fr ds izhkko rys ifr ^Jh* ds vu; L=h MScjk ds lkfk laca/k oa'kh dks viuh dsalj dh Hk;kud chekjh ls Hkh vf/kd fud`"vrj yxrs gsaa bruk cm+k fctusl] laifùk dh ekyfdu],d vpnk LVsVl] lc ifr ds vos/k laca/kksa ds vkxs Qhdk im+ tkrk gsa ;gh laca/kksa ls mith rugkbz vksj dsalj tslh Hk;kud chekjh mlds thou dh uhjlrk dk dkj.k cu x, gsaa ifr vksj cppksa dk fuekszghiu mls viuh chekjh ls Hkh vf/kd?kkrd pksv nsrk gsa ;Fkk& ^^lqcg&lqcg oa'kh dks Mkd ls,d eksvk fyq+kq+k feyk ftlesa osjk vksj Jh ds uxu fp=ksa ds vykok,d ohfm;ks Hkh Fkk] ftls ns[kdj og rm+i mbh_ ;g dsalj dh nokbz ls mith mcdkbz ugha FkhA** dgkuh ^CySd esy* Hkkjr ds mu ifjokjksa dh O;Fkk dks c;ku djrh gs tks vkffkzd etcwfj;ksa o'k isls ysdj viuh cfpp;ksa dks fons'k dh nyny esa >ksad nsrs gas vksj ckn esa mudh dksbz lq/k ugha ysrs gsaa ogh xjhc ifjokjksa dh ym+fd;ka tks vr;k/kqfud thou 'ksyh ls rkyesy uk csbk ikus dh d"vdj ;a=.kk dks lgrh gsa] mldks Hkkjr ds gksf'k;kjiqj ls MSuekdZ fy tkbz xbz ckyk }kjk c;ku fd;k x;k gsa vfkz ds vhkko esa ^ckyk* ekrk&firk }kjk ^'kf'k* dks C;kg nh tkrh gsa ogh ^'kf'k* vfkz ds cy ij nsg dh Hkw[k dks 'kkar djus ds fy, mls MSuekdZ 'kknh djds ys tkrk gs vksj ckyk] ml ijkbz /kjrh ij foo'k gks tkrh gs ifr dh ekj&ihv lgus ds fy, % ^^gj 'kfuokj dks lqcg&lqcg 'kf'k dim+s /kksus dh e'khu yxkdj?kj dh lq+kbz 'kq: dj nsrk FkkA ckyk MLVj ls /kwy Hkh iksanrh rks MkaV [kkrh fd mlus Vsfyfot+u ds LØhu ;k fýt ij [kjksap Mky nh_ ihns ds ckx esa dim+s lq[kkus Mkyrh rks og gkfk mbkdj mls crkrk fd dim+ksa dks t+ksj ls >km+dj lq[kk,] lw[ks dim+s mrkjdj fpefv;ka?kkl esa u NksM+s] vkfna Hk; us ckyk ds fneks&fnekx+ dks tdm+ j[kk FkkA 'kke <yrs gh 'kf'k dqn uez im+rk fdarq ckyk dh rks jkrsa Hkh ;a=.kk ysdj gh vkrh FkhaA** dgkuh ^xqams* Hkkjrh; L=h ds nsfgd] ekufld 'kks"k.k dks O;Dr djrh gsa ;g nsfgd fgalk L=h ds 'kjhj vksj vkrek nksuksa ij izgkj djrh gsa cykrdkj fl=;ksa ds lkfk gksus okyk,d f?kuksuk vijk/k gsa iq#"k ds i'kqro dh ;g fud`"v vfhko;fdr L=h dks lelr lekt ls dkvdj furkar,dkdh volkn dh vksj ys tkrh gsa fujijk/k cykrdkj ihfm+rk ^bpnk* ekufld HkkoukRed lacy ikus dh ctk; dyafduh,oa vijkf/kuh :i esa lkekftd namfo/kku dh Øwjrk >syus dks ck/; gksrh gsa vk?kkrtu; vuqhko mls ifjokj rfkk lekt ls dvus dks etcwj dj nsrs gasa balisdvj firk }kjk xqamksa ds nkslr dks idm+us ij ckdh ds xqams mldh csvh bpnk dk vigj.k dj cykrdkj djds viuh bz";kz iwjh djuk pkgrs gsaa ysfdu xqamksa ls NwVus ds ckn firk vksj ifjokj }kjk mls vijkf/kuh le>?kj ls nwj dgha fj'rsnkjksa ds?kj Hkst fn;k tkrk gsa dgkuh L=h ds izfr lekt ds uhp O;ogkj vksj ;ksu vøkedrk ds Ny&cy ls tqm+s nk o ispksa dks fo'oluh; <ax ls [kksyrh gs vksj lkfk gh cykrdkjh dksu gs\ iq#"k fo'ks"k ;k ^vhk;nku nsrk ;g lekt* dk iz'u [km+k djrh gsa ;Fkk& ^^ns[kuk veeka],d fnu rqe gkfk&ikao tksm+dj eq>s okfil cqykvksxh vksj esa okfil ugha vkåaxh-* vkalw iksanrh gqbz bpnk t+ksj ls fpyykbz vksj ru dj VSDlh esa csb xbz- pkgrs gq, Hkh mlus iyv dj ugha ns[kkfdlh us mlls ^ck;* rd ugha dh_ mls yxk fd tsls thrs th mldh vfkhz mbk nh xbz gksa vius 'kjhj dks mlus,d ckj fqj irfkj dj fy;k vksj vius eu esa Bku fy;k fd bu xqamksa ls og fuivsxh t+:j_ vc rks og ;g Hkh tkurh gs fd ;s xqamas gsa dksu-** dgkuh ^CyMh dksbh*,sls ikfjokfjd ifjn`'; dk o.kzu djrh gs_ tgk cppksa dh Hkkouk, ekrk&firk ds lkfk ek= islksa ;k laifùk ds fy, tqm+h gksrh gsa Hkkjr esa jgrh fo/kok ekulh] ifr dh vkdfled e`r;q ds ckn cppksa esa laifùk dks ysdj gks jgs >xm+ksads dkj.k }U}e;h flfkfr esa vk tkrh gsa vkwlvªsfy;k] U;w;kdZ vksj Hkkjr emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

30 esa jgrs cpps firk dh e`r;q ds ckn tk;nkn dks ysd jgks jgs >xm+ksa ds chp ek dks Hkwy tkrs gsaa bugha >xm+ksa esa fo/kok ek ekulh dh vurjkrek rd dpksv Mkyrs gas % ^^pqi gks tkvks] cgqr gks x;k] vhkh rqegkjs MSM dh rsjgoha Hkh ugha gqbz gs vksjrqe nksuksa HkkbZ pwgs&fcyyh dh rjg ym+ jgs gks_ ekulh dk fnekx HkUuk jgk Fkk- dgha og cqjk liuk rks ugha ns[k jgh Fkh\** vkt lahkor% ;g Hkkjrh; lekt dk lp gksrk tk jgk gsa dgkuh ^fu'kku* iq#"k }kjk izoklh Hkkjrh; L=h ds izrkfm+r thou dk l'kdr mnkgj.k gsa fons'k esa ukjh 'kks"k.k Hkkjr ds eqdkcys uk rks de gs vksj uk gh izokl us vksjr ds 'kks"k.k dks de fd;k gsa iq#"k dh vksjr ds izfr fod`r ekufldrk us 'kks"k.k dks cl u;k LFkku] ubz lw> nh gsa baxysam esa furkar Hkkjrh; vksjr jkuh ifr cychj dh ekj&ihv lgrh gs] ogha fookgsùkj gksus ds ckotwn ifr ds vu; vksjr ds lkfk laca/kksa dks Hkh lgrh gsa mldk vuojr Øanu tgka mls vunj ls rksm+ dj j[k nsrk gs] ogha ifrozrk cudj og fqj Hkh ifr dk lkfk pkgrh gsa ;Fkk& ^vkavhth] esauw rs dqt let uba vkank fd esa dh djk A* 'kkwfiax ds FkSys xksn esa fy;s og ykmat esa im+s lksq+s ij gh fu<+ky&lh csb xbza ^dy D;k fqj ihvk rqegas cychj us\ esdvi ds ckotwn] mlds psgjs ij dqn /kccs lkq+ ut+j vk jgs FksA ^^vkavhth] u'ks esa vksuk uq dqt irk ubza yxnk]** ^^cfygkjh tkå bu Hkkjrh; ukfj;ksa ds tks fivdj Hkh ifr dh rjq+nkjh djrh gsaa** olrqr% dgk tk ldrk gs fd izoklh Hkkjrh; lkfgr;dkj fno;k ekfkqj us vius dfkk lkfgr; esa tgka baxysam esa jgrs gq, Hkkjr dks thfor j[kk gs ogha fons'kksa esa cls Hkkoh Hkkjr dks Hkh of.kzr fd;k gsa fldqm+rh vksj my>rh gqbz nqfu;k esa fons'k izokl [kqys fny ls Lohdkjk x;k gsa ogha Hkkjrh; vksjr Hkh blesa viuh Hkkxhnkjh ntz djok pqdh gsa vius ns'k ls nwj jgrs gq, Hkh bu vksjrksa us Hkkjrh; ;FkkFkZ vksj laldkjksa dh iwa th dks lqjf{kr j[kk gsa Hkkjrh; vksjrsa izoklh ;k rks fons'k dh LoIue;h nqfu;k ds fy, ;k vkffkzd ikfjokfjd etcwfj;ksa ds fy, curh gsaa ysfdu iq#"k dh vgaoknh izo`fùk uohu ifjos'k esa Hkh L=h ds izfr ogh lkyksa iqjkuh ekufldrk j[krh gsa tks vksjr dks misf{kr gksus ds vfrfjdr dqn ugha nsrh gsa vksjr ;gka (Hkkjr) vksj ogka (fons'k ;k?kj ls nwj dgha ijkbz txg) loz= folaxfr dh f'kdkj gsa le>nkjh vksj lfg".kqrk dh izrhd Hkkjrh; ukjh if'peh lekt esa mith tfvyrkvksa vfkzr% iq#"k dh vgaoknh izo`fùk vksj if'peh lald`fr ls mith Ågkiksg tslh fomacukvksa ds ;FkkFkZ ls Hkh ifjfpr gksrh gsa vksjr us viuh flfkfr dks vxj cnyus dk iz;ru Hkh fd;k gs rks Hkkjrh; L=h dh ekufldrk ls okfdq+ iq#"k gj ncrh jx ij gkfk j[k mls?kqvu] foyki] Hkjk thou thus ds fy, foo'k dj nsrk gsa dqabk] la=kl Hkjk thou cl ;gh mldh foo'krk dk ifj.kke gsalheksu n cksmokj us dgk gs ^^vksjr dks vksjr gksuk fl[kk;k tkrk gsa vksjr cuh jgus ds fy, mls vuqdwy fd;k tkrk gsa** fons'k esa izoklh Hkkjrh; vksjr dh ;gh n'kk gs_^ikuh chp ehu I;klh*] ;g rqd lquus esa dkuksa dks vthc lh yxrh gs ysfdu orzeku lanhkksza esa fons'k izokl ds nksjku Hkkjrh; vksjr dh ;gh n'kk gsa lqfo/kkiw.kz thou],s'kkas&vkjke ds lk/ku tks fons'k esa ikuh leku gasa ijarq fons'kh thou dh fomacuk,a] vdsykiu] eku&izfr"bk dh deh] fj'rksa dh nklrk ] ehu dh I;kl leku gsa bugha dfe;ksa dh NViVkgV mls ykykf;r cuk nsrh gsa izokl nksjku vogsyuk dk ;g Hkko vksjr dks xwaxh xqfm+;k cuus ij etcwj dj nsrk gsa ;g ewd xqfm+;k cl iq#"k ds b'kkjksa ij pyus dks etcwj gksdj jg tkrh gsa ek= lgus Hkj ls ;k ewwd foyki djus ls eqfdr ;k gd+ L=h dks gkfly ugha gksaxsa vksjr dks vius gd+ vksj eqfdr iq#"k ls ugha cfyd vius vanj Hkko dj pqdh ml ghurk ls ysus gksaxsa izkjehk ls gh cki] HkkbZ] ifr ds v/khu jgus okyh vksjr dks] dgha u dgha fj'rksa ds lkeatl; ls vyx] vius [kqn dk Lora= vflrro Hkh dk;e j[kuk gksxka {kek 'kekz ds fopkj vuqlkj] ^^ukjh eqfdr vkt+knh flqz vius ifr ;k iq#"k ls ugha gj fdle ds cu/ku ls gsa** bl rjg vksjr dks ijk/khurk dh bu tathjksa dks rksm+ dj Lora= euu'khy cuuk gksxka ukjh dh eqfdr mldh vkarfjd psruk ls 'kq: gksrh gs uk fd iq#"k ;k mlds leku cuus lsa D;ksafd L=h vksj iq#"k nksuksa gh vu;ksu;kfjr gasa ukjh dks iq#"k ij dvk{k djus dh ctk; vius izfr ubz fparu n`f"v cukuh gksxha tks dgha ij iq#"k iz/kku lekt dks cnyus dk iz;ru djsa 026 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

31 izoklh lekt us tgka vksjr dks,d vksj vkffkzd l{kerk iznku dh gs] ogha izoklh thou dh fomacuk,a vksjr ds eu ls fons'k ds izfr eksg dks rksm+us vksj Lons'k ls tksm+us dk dke Hkh djrhgsaa vfkz&dasfnzr] ikfjokfjd vksj lkekftd tathjksa esa Hkkoukvksa dk neu ns'k vksj fons'k esa Q+dZ fn[kkrk gsa izokl us fons'k esa vksjr dks tgk grk'k vksj ykpkj cuk;k gs] ogha iq#"k izrkm+uk ds foyki ls ijs mlds vanj psruk dh fpaxkjh lqyxkus dk dke Hkh fd;k gsa ;gh fpaxkjh iq#"k vksj lekt dks etcwj dj nsrh gs] ukjh lecu/kh u, izfrekuksa dks vflrro esa ykus ds fy,] ;g u, izfreku gh ukjh dk cnyrk Lo:i cu jgs gasa lunhkz xzafk lwph 1- MCy;w MCy;w MCy;w%izoklhnqfu;k%dkWefgUnh-jkbZVjfnO;k-ekFkqj-baVjO;w 2- ogh 3- fno;k ekfkqj] vkøks'k] (ubz fnyyh % fgunh cqd lsavj] 2000)] i`"b] ogh] i`"b] fno;k ekfkqj] fgunh@loxz- bu] (ubz fnyyh % llrk lkfgr; e.my] 2013)] i`"b] ogh] i`"b] fno;k ekfkqj] fgunh@loxz-bu] (ubz fnyyh % llrk lkfgr; e.my] 2013)] i`"b] fno;k ekfkqj] fgunh@loxz-bu] (ubz fnyyh % llrk lkfgr; e.my] 2013)] i`"b] ogh] i`"b] fno;k ekfkqj] fgunh@loxz-bu] (ubz fnyyh % llrk lkfgr; e.my] 2013)] i`"b] ogh] i`"b] fno;k ekfkqj] fgunh@loxz-bu] (ubz fnyyh % llrk lkfgr; e.my] 2013)] i`"b] fno;k ekfkqj] fgunh@loxz-bu] (ubz fnyyh % llrk lkfgr; e.my] 2013)] i`"b] fno;k ekfkqj] esm bu bafm;k vksj vu; dgkfu;ka] (ubz fnyyh % fganh cqd lsuvj] 2013)] i`"b] ogh] i`"b] fno;k ekfkqj] esm bu bafm;k vksj vu; dgkfu;ka] (ubz fnyyh % fganh cqd lsuvj] 2013)] i`"b] ogh] i`"b] fno;k ekfkqj] esm bu bafm;k vksj vu; dgkfu;ka] (ubz fnyyh % fganh cqd lsuvj] 2013)] i`"b] fno;k ekfkqj] esm bu bafm;k vksj vu; dgkfu;ka] (ubz fnyyh % fganh cqd lsuvj] 2013)] i`"b] ogh] i`"b] fno;k ekfkqj] iaxk rfkk vu; dgkfu;ka] (fnyyh % es/kk cqdl izdk'ku] 2009)] i`"b] lheksu n cksmokj] n lsfdam lsdl] izhkk [ksrku (vuq)] L=h misf{krk] (fnyyh % ljlorh fogkj izdk'ku] 1990)] i`"b] {kek 'kekz] L=hRooknh foe'kz% lekt vksj lkfgr;] (ubz fnyyh % jktdey izdk'ku] izfke laldj.k] 2002)] i`"b] 101 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

32 tuf'k{k.k uhfr;ksa ds fdz;kuo;u esa lekpkj i=ksa dh Hkwfedk MkW- ;ksxs'k 'kekz tks/kiqj 'kks/k Lkkjka'k yksdra= dsoy,d 'kklu i¼fr gh ugha cfyd,d thou iz.kkyh gsa ns'k ds fodkl ds fy, yksdrkaf=d Hkkouk dk gksuk vko';d gsa turk esa yksdrkaf=d vkn'kksz ds izfr lqn`<+ vklfkk gksuh pkfg,a tc rd turk esa lkekftd vksj jktusfrd psruk mriuu ugh gks tkrh] rc rd yksdrkaf=d i¼fr dh lqyrk lahko ugh gsa bldh LFkkiuk ds fy, f'k{kk vksj tkx:drk dks gksuk vko';d gs vksj ;g tkx:drk ykus esa lapkj ds ek/;e egroiw.kz Hkwfedk vnk djrs gsaa ysfdu xr dqn le; ls lapkj ek/;eksa ds izeq[k LraHkksa esa ls,d lekpkj i= vius mís';ksa ls fopfyr gks jgs gsa bl 'kks/k i= ds ek/;e ls orzeku dh flfkfr ij izdk'k Mkyrs gq, mldh mikns;rk ds ckjs esa crkus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gsa ladsrk{kj % yksdra=] lkekftd cqjkbz;ka] lapkj ds ek/;e] lekpkj i=] 'kklu i¼fr] cktkjokn] Hkk ykyqhrk'kkgh] fnup;kz] tuf'k{kk o mnkjhdj.ka jr fo'o dk lcls cm+k yksdrkaf=d ns'k gsa fdlh Hkh ns'k dh oklrfod muukfr dh igpku bl ckr ls gksrh gs fd mlds ukxfjd fdrus f'kf{kr gsa mudk LokLF; dslkk gs] og fdl ifjos'k esa jg jgs gs vksj ;g fd xjhc ls xjhc O;fDr dh HkykbZ vksj dy;k.k ds fy, D;k fd;k tk jgk gsa Hkkjr ftruk fo'kky gs] mldh lel;k,a Hkh mruh gh csfglkc gs& fuj{kjrk] xjhch] lkekftd cqjkb;ka&cky fookg] lrh izfkk] ngst] cky 'kks"k.k] ekuokf/kdkjksa dk guu] i;kzoj.k o iznw"k.k ds [krjs] fpfdrlk,oa LokLF; rfkk xzkeh.k {ks= vkt Hkh fodkl dh jkg ns[k jgs gsa bu lc lel;kvksa ls eqfdr dh NViVkgV gh ekuks Hkkjr dh fu;fr gsa ;g 'kklor lr; ckr gs fd bu reke lel;kvksa ls rc rd ikj ugha ik;k tk ldrk] tc rd dh 'ksf{kd o lkekftd dk;ksza ds fy, izfrf"br i=dkfjrk o lapkj ds ek/;eksa dk leqfpr lg;ksx ugha fey tkrka lkeku;r;k lapkj ds lk/kuksa dh ;g dksf'k'k jgh gs fd jk"vªh; mís';ksa dh iwfrz ds iz;klksa esa f'kffkyrk u cjrh tk,a lapkj ds ek/;e esa lcls vf/kd izhkko'kkyh gs& lekpkj i= D;ksafd ftruk izhkko Nis gq, v{kjksa dk im+rk gsa] mruk vu; fdlh ek/;e dk ughaa eqfnzr v{kj ckj&ckj i<s+ tkrs gsaa ftlls os fny o fnekx ij vfev Nki NksM+rs gasa izkr%dky gksrs gh lekpkj i= lkeus gksuk fnup;kz dh igyh izkfkfedrk gsa lekpkj i= fnuhkj dh?kvukvksa dks lesvs gq, vksj leiw.kz tkudkjh ls vksrizksr gksrs gasa budh viuh vyx nqfu;k gsa tks lkjs fo'o dks jklrk fn[kkrh gsaa yksdra= dsoy,d 'kklu i¼fr gh ugha gs cfyd,d thou iz.kkyh gsa vr,o yksdrkaf=d vkn'kksza dks dsoy jktusfrd {ks= rd gh lhfer ugha j[kk tk ldrk] ekuo thou ds izr;sd {ks= esa mudks izfrf"br djuk vko';d gsa turk esa yksdrkaf=d vkn'kksz ds izfr lqn`< vklfkk gksuh pkfg, vksj muls gh mldk lkjk thou dze vksj O;ogkj vuqizkf.kr gksuk pkfg,a ;g Hkh lr; gs fd tc rd thou esa lkekftd vksj jktusfrd psruk mriuu ugha gks tkrh] rc rd yksdrkaf=d i¼fr dh lqyrk lahko ugha gsa bldk rks mís'; gh ;gh gs fd jk"vª ds jktusfrd thou esa lhkh yksx foosdiw.kz vksj 028 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

33 lfdz; :i ls Hkkx ysaa lkfk&lkfk jktusfrd vkffkzd lel;kvksa ds izfr turk dh mnklhurk dks nwj djuk gksxk vksj lkoztfud dk;ksz esa mldh fnyplikh isnk djuh gksxha blfy, yksdrkaf=d 'kklu O;oLFkk ds fy, O;kid f'k{kk lcls vko';d gsa turk dks lkald`frd vksj f'k{kk laca/kh dfe;ksa dks lozizfke nwj djuk gksxk vksj mugs lk{kjrk ds lkfk&lkfk tuf'k{kk Hkh nsuh gksxha ftlls og lkekftd] jktusfrd] vkfzfkzd lfgr Ik;kZoj.k o ifjokj dy;k.k vkfn lhkh fo"k;ksa dks vpnh rjg le> lds vksj mudks thou esa mrkj ldsaa tuf'k{kk og gs] ftlls thou ds izfr LoLFk vksj vlkeiznkf;d n`f"vdks.k cu lds] mlesa yksdrkaf=d vksj ekuoh; ewy;ksa dh izfr"bk gks vksj lkekftd O;ogkj ds uohu lalfkkuksa dk fuekz.k gksa lapkj ek/;e vkt le; dh ekax gsa fiazv vksj bysdvªksfud ehfm;k gekjh vfuok;z t:jr cu pqdk gsa tulapkj ds ek/;e i<s+&fy[ks ds lkfk&lkfk vui<+ dks Hkh Kku vksj euksjtau rfkk lkekftd tkx:drk iznku djus esa vxz.kh gsa yksxksa esa lekftd] vkffkzd] jktusfrd] lkald`frd] i;kzoj.k f'k{kk ds izfr yksxksa esa tuf'k{kk nsus dk dk;z ftruk lapkj ek/;e dj ldrs gs] mruk vu; fdlh ek/;e ds cl dh ckr ugh gsa fdlh ns'k dh lokzaxh.k izxfr dh dgkuh oklro esa ogka dh f'k{kk vksj fokku dh izxfr gsa osls rks Hkkjrh; lh;rk lalkj dh lcls iqjkuh lh;rk dgykrh gsa ysfdu orzeku esa lokzf/kd fuj{kj ns'kksa esa Hkkjr dk LFkku izeq[k gsa lekt&thou vksj jk"vª thou ds lkjs dk;z ljdkj,oa lekt }kjk r; uhfr;ksa ds vuqlkj gh pyrs gsa lekpkj ek/;e dh lgh Hkwfedk ls mriuu tutkx`fr uhfr fu/kkzj.k ds fy, LoLFk ekgksy,oa ekufldrk dk;e djuk vksj Hkh t:jh gksrk gsa lapkj ds ek/;eksa esa lcls izhkkoh lekpkj i= dh otg ls vkt vketu eas vpnh cqjh ;kstukvkas dh leqfpr tkudkjh igaqp jgh gsa ;g lekpkj i=ksa dk gh izhkko gs] ftldh otg ls Hkkjr vkt fodflr jk"vªksa dh Js.kh esa vk jgk gsa blh tutkxj.k ds pyrs vusd lel;kvksa dk eqdkcyk djus esa fdlh Hkh izdkj dh fnddrksa dk lkeuk ugh djuk im+rka exj cnyrs nksj dk vlj lapkj ek/;eksa ij im+uk Hkh ykteh gsa mnkjhdj.k vksj c<+rs cktkjokn us ehfm;k dh orzeku O;oLFkk dks Hkh db?kjsa esa ykdj [km+k dj fn;k gsa lapkj ek/;eksa us vius futh LokFkksZa ds pyrs vketu o lekt ds ykhk dks izkfkfedrk ugha ns ik jgk gsaa mlh dk ifj.kke gs fd orzeku esa lekpkj i=ksa ds eq[k i`"bksa ij fokkiu dk vf/kdkj vk x;k gsa tuf'k{kk tgka igys VkWi dh U;wt gqvk djrh Fkh] vkt finys i`"bksa ij Hkh mls Nius ds fy, la?k"kz djuk im+ jgk gsa c<+rs iawthokn us lekt ds vf/kdkjksa dh ym+kbz dks ihns /kdsy fn;k gs vksj ml ij gj iakp lky ckn ljdkjksa dk cnyuk tsls dks<+ esa [kkt lkfcr gks jgk gsaa ljdkj cnyus ds lkfk gh f'k{kk uhfr;ksa dk cnyuk tsls vke nlrwj gks x;k gsa viuh ljdkj dks vpnk dgyokus dh dksf'k'k esa ljdkjksa us f'k{kk dh Hkn~n gh fivokbz gsa foi{k esa jgdj i{k dks dkslus okys tuizfrfuf/k ljdkj esa vkrs gh lekt dk nq%[k&nnz Hkwy tkrs gsa blds vykok mpp inksa ij vklhu iz'kklfud vf/kdkjh Hkh lsok dh 'kifk dk ikb Hkwydj uhfr;ksa ds lkfk f[kyokm+ djus ds fy, fur u, ifjorzu djus yx tkrs gsa ftldk vlj ;g gks jgk gs fd ftl eqísa dks ysdj ltxrk vkuh pkfg,] og eqík xks.k gks tkrk gsa turk ds erksas ls cuh ljdkj dh izkfkfedrk pquko ls igys vketu dks ykhk igaqpkus dh gksrh gs] exj lrrk esa vkrs gh og vius ykhk esa yx tkrh gsa fdlh Hkh ;kstuk dks ykxw djus esa fu;eksa dk bruk tky fcnk fn;k tkrk gs fd vketu iwjs fllve ls rax vk tkrk gsa blfy, ;g ns[kk tk ldrk gs dsunz o jkt; ljdkjksa dh vusd dffkr tudy;k.kdkjh ;kstukvksa dk vf/kdka'k ctv ysil gks tkrk gsa rks 60 izfr'kr ls vf/kd ;kstuk rks Qkbyksa dh ykyqhrk'kkgh ls ckgj gh ugha vkrha vkt lekt dh lel;kvksa dh [kcjksa dk izfr'kr fnu&c&fnu fxjrk tk jgk gsa tgka igys ikuh] fctyh] lm+dsa] fpfdrlk,oa LokLF;] i;kzoj.k vksj iznw"k.k] f'k{kk] lk{kjrk] lkekftd dwjhfr;kasa dks izeq[krk ls LFkku fn;k tkrk Fkk] ysfdu vkt flfkfr esa ifjozru vk x;k gsa vkt fokkiu vksj lsfyfczvh dh [kcjksa ds ckn,slh [kcjksa dk uacj vkrk gsa orzeku esa ek= 15 ls 20 izfr'kr tuf'k{kk dh [kcjsa dks gh ehfm;k esa LFkku fey ik jgk gsa fokkiuksa dh vkm+ esa emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

34 viuh Vhvkjih c<+kus dh dhkh u can gksus okyh gksm+ us lekt o mlls tqm+h lel;kvkas dks gkf'k, ij yk [km+k dj fn;k gsa lekpkj i= esa dk;z djus okys leiknd] mi leiknd o laoknnkrk Hkh viuh usfrd fteesnkjh dk fuozgu ugha dj ik jgs gsa laikndh; fohkkx ds can njoktsa ds ihns ekdszfvax us viuk,dkf/kdkj dj fy;k gsa ltx izgjh vksj ns'k dh vktknh esa viuh egroiw.kz Hkwfedk fuhkkus okys lekpkj i= vkt vius vkils la?k"kz dj jgs gsa ckfydkvksa dks vkxs ykus dh ckr djus okys lapkj ds ek/;e gh xkxhz iqjldkj dh [kcjksa ls ijgst djrs gsa,sls esa dsls lekt dks fodklkred i=dkfjrk dk luns'k fn;k tk ldrk gsa bu lcds ckn Hkh vkt lekpkj i=ksa us viuh fo'oluh;rk dks cjdjkj j[kk gsa lekt ds lhkh?kvd Nih gqbz [kcj dks gh LkR; ekurs gsa lekpkj i=ksa ds tu tkxj.k ls ykssxksa esa jktusfrd psruk dk iquztue gqvk gsa yksx vu;k; vksj 'kks"k.k ds f[kykq ykaecan gksus yxs gsa lekpkj i=ksa dh tuf'k{kk ds dkj.k gh vf'kf{kr O;fDr dks f'kf{kr gksus ds nkf;ro dk cks/k djk;ka c<rs i;kzoj.k iznw"k.k ds f[kykq lekpkj i=ksa ds vfhk;ku us QSDVªh ekfydksa dks fpefu;ksa esa fqyvj yxkus ij etcwj fd;ka vks ksfxd ;wfuv~l esa ism+ iks/ks yxk, o [krjukd ;wfuvksa esa dk;z djus okys etwnjksa dks vko';d midj.k miyc/k djk,a ogha fokku ds c<rs pj.k dh otg ls ubz fodflr chekfj;ksa dk Hkh lekpkj i=ksa us [kwc izpkj&izlkj fd;ka ftlds pyrs vketu esa bu chekfj;ksa dks ysdj ltxrk vkbza xzkeh.k fodkl dh vusd ;kstukvkas dks ysdj vxj vkt xzkeh.k vkanksyu dj jgk gs rks ;g lekpkj i=ksa dk vlj gsa Hkkjr tsls fodkl'khy ns'k dks vxj fodflr ns'kksa dh Js.kh esa 'kkfey gksuk gs rks ns'k ds gj ukxfjd dks lk{kjrk ds lkfk&lkfk tuf'kf{kr gksuk vko';d gsa lkekftd] jktusfrd] 'ksf{kd] LokLF;,oa fpfdrlk laca/kh] i;kzoj.k o iznw"k.k lacaf/kr xzkeh.k fodkl lacaf/kr lhkh tkudkfj;ka gksa ;g ns'k ds mttoy Hkfo"; ds fy, vko';d gsa vkt lekpkj i=ksa esa Vhdkdj.k] vk;ksmhu ued ds fokkiu] ism+kas dks yxkus] ok;q] ty] /ofu] Hkwfe iznw"k.k] Vhch] dsalj] dq"b],m~l vksj vu; Hka;dj ykbzykt chekfj;ksa ls cpus o muds bzykt ls lacaf/kr fokkiu izkfkfedrk ls izdkf'kr fd, tkrs gsa vkt tuf'k{kk dks ns'k ds dksus&dksus esa igaqpkus dk dk;z lekpkj i=ksa dh vksj ls vklkuh ls fd;k tk jgk gsa dsunz o jkt; ljdkjs Hkh turk ls lacaf/kr uhfr;ksa ds cukus o mudks ykxw djus esa lapkj ds ek/;e fo'ks"kdj lekpkj i=ksa dk lg;ksx ysrh gsa bldk urhtk Hkh fey jgk gsa tsls& erkf/kdkj esa o`f¼] lk{kjrk fo'ks"kdj efgyk o ckfydk lk{kjrk esa o`f¼] fyaxkuqikr dks ysdj ljdkjksa dh dk;z iz.kkyh esa cnyko] ehfm;k dh tkx:drk ls vkt BsB xzkeh.k {ks= dk O;fDr viuk gd ekaxus ds fy, lsdm+ks fdyksehvj nwj ftyk eq[;ky; vkdj dysdvj dks f'kdk;r dj jgk gsa vkanksyu dj viuh ckr igaqpk jgk gsa vkt dsunz o jkt; ljdkjksa ds ikl xjhcksa o nfyrksa ds fodkl ds fy, vjcksa :i;ksa dk ctv gsa exj bl ctv dk va'k ek= gh muds fodkl dk;ksza esa yxrk gsa ljdkjh e'khujh bldk lgh <ax ls mi;ksx ugha dj ik jgh gsa xzkeh.k fodkl ds fy, feyk /ku ljiapksa vksj CykWd vf/kdkfj;kas ds?kj dh 'kkuks&'kksdr ij [kpkz gks jgk gsa blds ckn Hkh vkt dk xzkeh.k vius vf/kdkjksa ds fy, la?k"kz dj jgk gsa ;g lapkj ek/;eksa fo'ks"kdj lekpkj i=ksa dk gh ;ksxnku gs] ftldh lgk;rk ls og viuh vkokt dks lrrk ds xfy;kjksa rd vklkuh ls ys tkrk gs rfkk ljdkjksa dks turk ds fgrksa esa ykxw dh tk jgh uhfr;ksa ds fø;kuo;u esa izhkkoh jksy vnk djrh utj vkrh gsa lunhkz xzafk lwph 1- Hkkjrh; f'k{kk% izo`fr;ka,oa vk;ke& ;knosl 2- Hkkjrh; xzkeh.k lekt 'kkl=%,e,y xqirk o MhMh 'kekz 3- Hkkjrh; lekt%,e,l f=osnh 4- Hkkjr esa tulaidz fl¼kar,oa ck/kk,a% lhoh ujflegk jsmmh 5- gekjk yksdra= vksj tkuus dk vf/kdkj% v:.k ik.ms 6- tula[;k iznw"k.k vksj Ik;kZoj.k% gfj'kpunz O;kl 7- tulapkj ek/;e vksj turk% czksosu ts- pkfyzu 8- tulapkj dk ifjp;%,sezh,mfou 9- tulapkj% jk/ks';ke 'kekz 030 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

35 10- yksdra= vksj f'k{kk% MkW- jktsunz eksgu HkVukxj 11- lkfgr;] f'k{kk vksj lald`fr% vkpk;z ujsunz nso 12- fodkl dk lekt'kkl=% th vkj enu 13- i;kzoj.k vksj lald`fr dk ladsr% MkW- xksfoun pkrd 14- jktuhfrd ;FkkFkZ,oa jktuhfrd psruk% Iyhnhfej tsofu;jk nwts 15- izlkj.k vksj lekt% MkW- esgjk elk.kh i=&if=dk,a VkbEl vkwq bafm;k] bafm;u,dliszl] jktlfkku if=dk] bafm;k VqMs] euksjek okf"kzd cqd] lapkj ek/;e] lk{kjrk fe'ku] ckfydk f'k{kk vksj ukjh dy;k.ka dks'k xzufk fgunh lkfgr; dk o`gn dks'k] vkwdlqksmz dks'k o Hkkjr okf"kzdha emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

36 eqflye L=h thou ds fofo/k vk;ke % vcnqy fcfleyykg ds miu;kl ys[ku ds fo'ks"k lanhkz esa MkW- vfhk"ksd dqekj ik.ms; lgk;d vkpk;z] iatkc dsuæh; fo'ofo ky;] cfbamk (iatkc) 'kks/k Lkkjka'k Hkkjrh; lekt esa efgykvksa dh flfkfr nks;e ntsz dh gsa eqflye efgyk, vu; leqnk;ksa dh efgykvksa dh vis{kk dkqh n;uh; n'kk esa gsaa /kez ds dksbkj esa can neu]?kqvu,oa insz ls tdm+k gqvk mudk thou ;FkkFkZ gsa gkyk fd blyke xsj cjkcjh dh ckr ugha djrk gsa cgqfookg,oa rhu rykd dh flfkfr eqflye L=h ds fy, lcls [kksqukd eatj gsa blyke dh xyr O;k[;k ds }kjk cgqfookg dks eku;rk nsus okys dv~vjiafkh eqlyekuksa us eqflye L=h dh gkyr dks cnrj dj fn;ka vcnqy fcfleyykg vius le; ds ltx izgjh ds :i esa lkfgr; ds ivy ij vorfjr gq, gsa] blfy, os vius lekt dh cqjkb;ksa ij inkz ugha Mkyrs gsa cfyd mls csudkc djrs gsaa os oskkfud n`f"vdks.k ds lefkzd gsa] blfy, lekt ds lhkh vaxksa dk fodkl pkgrs gsaa L=h iq#"k lekurk ds os fgek;rh gsaa muds miu;klksa esa eqflye dv~vjiafk dh vkykspuk dh x;h gs rfkk fl=;ksa ds l'kä hdj.k dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gsa ladsrk{kj % miu;kl] eqflye L=h] inkzizfkk] cgqfookg] fyaxkuqikr] rykd] lk{kjrk] gykyk] Qkfrgk] fir`lùkk] b e] cka> vkfna Hkkjrh; lekt esa efgykvksa dh flfkfr nks;e ntsz dh gsa eqflye efgyk, vu; leqnk;ksa dh efgykvksa dh vis{kk dkqh n;uh; n'kk esa gsaa vkffkzd] lkekftd] jktuhfrd ekspksza ij foqyrk muds gkfk yxh gsa /kez ds dksbkj esa can neu]?kqvu,oa insz ls tdm+k gqvk mudk thou ;FkkFkZ gsa gkyk fd blyke xsj cjkcjh dh ckr ugha djrk ^^exj vkt gkyr ;g gs fd dqjku dks [kqnk dk vkns'k ekuusokys eqlyekuksa us gh eqflye L=h dks bl vf/kdkj ls oafpr dj j[kk gsa eqflye L=h esa bruk gkslyk ugha fd og vius bl vf/kdkj ds fy, dkuwuh ym+kbz ym+ ldsa fqj /kez }kjk iznrr vf/kdkj ds fy, dkuwuh ym+kbz og D;ksa yms+\ /kekzf/kdkfj;ksa dks pkfg, fd Qrok tkjh dj eqlyekuksa dks crk;sa fd tks yksx L=h dks ;g vf/kdkj ugha ns jgs] os blyke ds fo:¼ dk;z dj jgs gsaa** cgqfookg,oa rhu rykd dh flfkfr eqflye L=h ds fy, lcls [kksqukd eatj gsa blyke dh xyr O;k[;k ds }kjk cgqfookg dks eku;rk nsus okys dv~vjiafkh eqlyekuksa us eqflye L=h dh gkyr dks dhm+s&edksm+ksa dh rjg dj fn;ka lkekftd vkffkzd lwpdksa ds vuqlkj eqflye lekt esa fyaxkuqikr 1000 iq:"kksa ij 947 fl=;ksa dk gsa efgyk lk{kjrk nj es deh ds dkj.k eqlyekuksa dh vkcknh dh o`f¼ nj vf/kd gsa blds ihns dksbz /kkfezd jktuhfrd dkj.k ugha gs ^^tgk efgyk, T;knk lk{kj gas] ogk ym+fd;ksa dk fookg nsj ls gksrk gsa urhtru tue nj de gsa tgk tue nj de gs] ogk uotkr f'k'kq vksj izlo ds ckn efgykvksa dh e`r;q nj de gsa la{ksi esa] tgk tue nj T;knk gs] ogk e`r;q nj Hkh T;knk gksxh vksj tgk tue nj de gksxh] ogk e`r;q nj Hkh de gksxha tula[;k o`f¼ flqz tue nj dk izfrqy ugha gs] cfyd ;g tue nj vksj e`r;q nj dk oklrfod varj gsa blfy, gekjh leiw.kz vkcknh esa eqlyekuksa dk fgllk 032 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

37 ?kvus&c<+us dk dqjku vksj 'kjh;r ls mlh rjg dksbz ysuk&nsuk ugha gs ftl rjg jkek;.k vksj xhrk ls ughaa** fookg ds lanhkz esa eqflye lekt esa dqjku dh vk/kh&v/kwjh vk;rksa dks mn`r dj pkj ;k mlls vf/kd 'kkfn;ksa dh ckr dh tkrh gsa tcfd ;g lppkbz gs fd tc yxkrkj ;q¼ksa esa vjcksa dh iq:"kksa dh la[;k de gksrh tk jgh Fkh vksj fl=;ksa dh la[;k c<+rh tk jgh Fkh] rks L=h iq:"k lek;kstu ds fy, eqgeen lkgc us,d ls vf/kd 'kkfn;ksa dh ckr dgh FkhA dqjku esa ;g Hkh mn`r gs fd pkj 'kkfn;ksa dh volfkk esa lcds lkfk leku O;ogkj u dj ldksxs vr%,d gh ij cl djksa exj /kez ds Bsdsnkjksa us blyke dh xyr O;k[;k }kjk bu lhkh ckrksa dks insz ds ihns gh j[kka eqflye L=h ds n;uh; gkykr ds fteesnkj rhu rykd dh izfkk Hkh gsa tgk rd rykd dk laca/k gs dqjku eassss,slk dksbz fo/kku ugha gs fd ifr,d ne rhu rykd dgdj iruh ls NqVdkjk ik ysa blyke esa rykd dks lcls cqjk dgk x;k gs ^^dqjku esa rykd dh,d vkn'kz izfø;k r; dh x;h gs] exj bl vkn'kz izfø;k dks mysekvksa us f[kyksuk cuk fn;ka vu; lektksa esa Hkh rykd ds fy, dkuwuh vyxko dk izko/kku gs tks dqjku us b e ds :Ik esa igys gh r; dj fn;k gsa vr% bls iwjh rjg ykxw djus ds fy, t:jh gs fd bls mysekvksa ds gkfkksa ls Nhu dj dkuwuh :i ns fn;k tk;s] D;ksafd vnkyrsa bl izfø;k dks ykxw djus rfkk bldh j{kk djus esa l{ke gsaa** vjc eas blyke ds mn; dh flfkfr;ksa dks /;ku es j[kdj L=h dks insz esa jgus dh tks ckr dgh xbz FkhaA og nqfu;khkj ds ns'kksa esa blyke ds QSyko ds lkfk QSyrh pyrs xbza L=h ds insz dh ;g O;oLFkk,d dbksj ca/ku cuk fn;k x;ka dqjku esa rks flqz bruk gh mn`r gs fd ^^(gs uch) viuh ifru;ksa vksj csfv;ksa vksj beku okyh fl=;ksa ls dg nks fd os ckgj fudyus ij vius Åij pknj dh iyyw yvdk ysaa blesa bl ckr dh vf/kd lahkkouk gs fd os igpku yh tk, vksj lrk;h u tk, vksj vyykg cm+k {kek'khy vksj n;koku gsa** tkfgj gs ;gk blyke ds izlkj ds lkfk mlds fojks/kh Hkh [kwc Fks tks iq:"kksa] fl=;ksa dh igpku dj muij geyk dj nsrs FksA bl geys ls cpus ds fy, gh ;g O;oLFkk dh xbz FkhA bl rjg ls ge ns[krs gsa fd cgqfookg] inkz&izfkk rfkk rhu rykd dh flfkfr vius oklrfod fufgrkfkksza ls HkVd x;h vksj vkt,d dv~vj va/kfo'okl cudj eqflye L=h ds xys im+h gqbz gsa eqflye fl=;ksa ds ikl vkffkzd Lora=rk ugha gs] muesa f'k{kk dk vhkko gs vksj ;g ckr,dne >wb gs fd muds u i<+us dk dkj.k /kez ;k 'kfj;r dk dkuwu gs cfyd lppkbz ;g gs fd muds u i<+us dk dkj.k ewyr% xjhch gsa tks;k glu fy[krh gsa fd ^^eqflye vksjr dk fgunqlrku esa ugha i<+us dk ewy dkj.k xjhch gs] mudh flfkfr vuqlwfpr tkfr dh rjg gs] ftl otg ls vuqlwfpr tkfr dh vksjr ugha i<+ ikrh gs] mlh otg ls eqflye vksjr Hkh ugha i<+ ikrh] /kez vksj inkz mruk cm+k dkj.k ugha gsa** eqflye L=h dks ysdj fgunh miu;kl esa lcls igys xqy'ksj [kku 'kkuh us ^dkyk ty* miu;kl fy[kk ftldks vjfoun tsu us L=h ds leeku esa i<+k x;k Qkfrgk dgk gsa 'kkuh ls ftl ;k=k dh 'kq:vkr gqbz og jkgh eklwe jt+k ds miu;klksa ls xqtjrh gqbz vcnqy fcfleyykg rd igq prh gsa vcnqy fcfleyykg us vius miu;klksa esa eqflye L=h ds tfvy ;FkkFkZ dks dfkk:i esa fou;lr fd;k gsa xjhch tgkyr ds chp L=h dh =kln flfkfr;ksa dk o.kzu djrs gq, vcnqy fcfleyykg vius miu;kl ^>huh&>huh chuh pnfj;k^ esa fy[krs gsa ^^vyhequ dks Vh0ch0 gks x;h gsa erhu dks ekywe gsa ysfdu og dqn ugha dj ldrka?kj dk tks dke gs] og choh dks djuk gh gksxka QsjkbZ&HkjkbZ] ujh&<+ksvk] gk M+h&pwyh lhkh dqn djuk gksxka fcu fd;s dke pysxk ughaa vksj jguk Hkh gksxk insz esaa [kqyh gok esa?kweus dk loky ughaa lekt ds fu;e lr; gsa] mugsa rksm+uk xqukg gsa erhu tkurk gsa** vcnqy fcfleyykg us ;gk inkz izfkk dh xyr O;k[;k dh vkykspuk dh gsa erhu fl=;ksa dh Lora=rk pkgrk gs ysfdu /kez ds Bsdsnkjksa us tks blyke dh xyr O;k[;k dh os eqflye fl=;ksa ds fodkl esa jksm+k cudj [km+h gks x;ha blh miu;kl esa eqflye lekt esa rykd dh emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

38 c<+rh izo`frr ij pksv djrs gq, erhu ds ek/;e ls vcnqy fcfleyykg us,d thour iz'u mbk;k gsa os fy[krs gsa ^^yrhq us de:u dks rykd ns fn;ka vyhequ us tc ;g [kcj erhu dks lqukbz rks mls dksbz vk'p;z ugha gqvka rykd rks fcjknjh esa vke ckr gks x;h gsa vksjr tkr dh vkf[kj gsfl;r gh D;k gs\ tc pkgks pwrm+ ij ykr ekjdj fudky nks! vksjr dk vksj blrseky gh D;k gs\ drku Qsjs] gk Mh&pwyh djs] lkfk esa lks;s] cpps tus vksj ik o nck;sa buesa ls vxj fdlh Hkh dke eas ghyk&gokyh djs rks dkuwu&blyke dk ikyu djks vksj cksy nks fd esa rqegsa rykd nsrk gw A rykd!rykd!rykd! fcjknjh esa rks ^egj* dk >a>v Hkh ugha gsa** ;gk eqflye L=h dh oklrfod flfkfr dk fp=.k csgrjhu <ax ls vcnqy fcfleyykg djrs gsa vksj lekt ds lkeus bl iz'u dks lathnxh ls mbkrs gsa fd D;k u'ks dh gkyr esa rhu ckj rykd cksy nsus ls thou Hkj ds fj'rs dks VwVk gqvk eku ysuk pkfg,\ D;k ^gykyk* lgh gs\ czãnso fej fy[krs gsa ^^ukjh eu ds foijhr mls nwljs dh vad'kkf;uh cukuk] egt ukjh pfj= ds izfr iq:"kkssfpr Øwj vr;kpkj gs vksj dqn ughaa** ^>huh&>huh chuh pnfj;k* miu;kl esa ukjh 'kks"k.k dks izeq[krk ls mbk;k x;k gs rfkk mu lkekftd fu;eksa dks tks eqyykvksa us vius LokFkZ ls xzflr gksdj cuk;k gs] mls rksm+us dh izsj.kk nh xbz gsa ^>huh&>huh chuh pnfj;k* esa vcnqy fcfleyykg usa eqflye ym+fd;ksa dh f'k{kk dk lefkzu fd;k gsa bdcky viuh lksrsyh ek utcqfu;k dks le>krk gs fd vc ym+fd;ksa dks i<+kuk Hkh cgqr t:jh gks x;k gsa bldk,d mnkgj.k bl izdkj ns[kk tk ldrk gs ^^gekjh fcjknjh dh ;g cgqr cm+h deh gs fd ge yksx ym+fd;ksa dks flqz dqjku 'kjhq i<+kdj viuk QtZ [kre le> ysrs gsaa nqfu;k cgqr vkxs c<+ x;h gs vksj rjddh ds bl tekus esa ges gj rjg ls [kqn dks vkxs ys tkuk gksxka** ;gk bdcky ds ek/;e ls vcnqy fcfleyykg dk ân; cksyk gsa ^lej 'ks"k gs* miu;kl esa xjhc eqflye ifjokj dh n;uh; flfkfr dk o.kzu djrs gq, vcnqy fcfleyykg fy[krs gsa ^^jgerqyyk dh chch vfkjk ysdj vkbz vksj cksyh] rqegkjh Vhu ls FkksM+k lk vkvk ys y w\ esaus b'kkjs ls viuh Lohd`fr ns nh vksj [kkeks'k jgka njvly,slk dbz ckj gks pqdk FkkA cppksa dh c<+rh gqqbz QkSt vksj vkffkzd raxh us mugas bl dnj pwj dj fn;k Fkk fd usfrdrk dh lkjh lhek, mugksaus rksm+ nh FkhaA jgerqyyk dh chch vc vdlj eq>ls vk Vk ek xk djrh vksj jgerqyyk tc Hkh esjs ikl pan isls ns[krk] chfm+;ksa ds fy, m/kkj ds :i esa mugsa ys ysrka ysfdu u rks esjk vkvk okil gksrk vksj u gh islsa** ^lej 'ks"k gs* miu;kl esa L=h dks ijk/khu j[kus ds Åij loky mbk;k x;k gsa vcnqy fcfleyykg bl iz'u dks mbkrs gq, fy[krs gsa ^^njvly iq:"k dk izse ftl ^ym+dh* uke ds eknk tho ls gksrk gs og bruh ykpkj] dk;j vksj ukle> gksrh gs fd izse ds fy, drbz mi;qdr ugha gksrha ;gh ugha] izse djus okyk t:jr ls T;knk Hkkoqd gks tkrk gs vksj ges'kk ew[kzrkiw.kz ckrsa djrk gsa og fl=;ksa dh rjg ckr&ckr ij jksus Hkh yxrk gs vksj fdlh dk;j rfkk ukele> tho ds fy, vius cgqewy; vk lqvksa dks cgkuk vkneh dh lcls cm+h uknkuh gsa** ;g iz'u vkt Hkh thoar cuk gqvk gsa L=h dks gjsd txg fir`lrrk ls la?k"kz djuk im+rk gsa mlds jgu&lgu] [kku&iku] f'k{kk&nh{kk] izse vkfn dks fu/kkzfjr djus dk dk;z lnk ls iq:"kksa us gh fd;k gsa blh miu;kl esa miu;kldkj us crk;k gs fd usfrdrk vksj ikjeifjdrk egt e/;oxz dh olrq gsa fueuoxhz; psruk ds fy, bldk dksbz egro ugha gsa iq:"k viuh oklukiwfrz ds fy, dksbz Hkh v'yhy gjdr djrk gs rks efgyk izk;% isv&iwfrz ds fy, ^^dfj;bz dk izdj.k bl ckr dks izekf.kr djrk gs fd ^Hkw[ks O;fDr* dh dksbz usfrdrk ugha gksrha FkksM+s ls vkvs ds cnys esa lqd: ds lkfk lgokl] tqxqilk ugha d:.kk isnk djrk gsa ifjflfkfr;ksa vksj O;fDr dh foykserk esa O;fDr dk u rks LokfHkeku 'ks"k jg ikrk gs vksj u gh dksbz vkn'kz ;k ewy;a** vcnqy fcfleyykg us eqflye L=h ds iz'uksa dks tksjnkj <ax ls mbk;k gsa mugksaus eqlyekuksa esa cgqfookg dh 034 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

39 lel;k dks vius miu;kl ^tgjckn* esa mbk;k gsa os fy[krs gsa ^^nknk us nks 'kkfn;k dh Fkha vksj vcck us pkja igyh chch dks rykd fn;k] nwljh ej x;h] rhljh dks iqu% rykd fn;k vksj veek pksfkh chch ds :i esa vk;haa rhljh chch fgunw Fkha] ftuls,d ym+dh Hkh Fkh tks ns'k (isr`d LFkku) esa C;kgh FkhA** eqlyekuksa esa xjhch&tgkyr ds chp fl=;k tw>us ds fy, foo'k gsaa vkffkzd :i ls raxh gksus ls jkst&jkst >xm+s gksrs gsa vksj pw fd iq:"k [kpz pykus esa ukdke gs rks og viuk xqllk fl=;ksa ij mrkjrk gsa ^t+gjckn* miu;kl esa dfkkuk;d dh ek,d lkeku; ifjokj ls rkyqd j[krh gs] fnuhkj ifjje djus ds ckn Hkh ifjokj pykus ds fy, [kpz iwjk ugha gks ikrk gs] blfy, jkst&jkst dh ym+kbz gksrh gsa bldk o.kzu djrs gq, vcnqy fcfleyykg fy[krs gsaa ^^bl izdkj cgqr nsj rd esjs lkeus x`g;q¼ gksrk jgk vksj ml fo"kkdr okrkoj.k esa [kkeks'k csbk esa vius ifjokj dks [kamgj gksrk ns[krk jgka lkjh ym+kbz dh tm+ gs islka?kj esa [kkus dks ugha gs blfy, >xm+k gks jgk gsa u vcck dqn dj ik jgs gsa u veeka mu fnuksa esa cl ;gh lkspk djrk FkkA** ;gk fn[kk;k x;k gs fd dsls iq:"k viuh ukdke;kfc;ksa dks Nqikrk gs rfkk iruh ij vius xqlls dks izdv djrk gsa ;g L=h ds izfr iq:"k dk Øwjre vr;kpkj gsa ^t+gjckn* miu;kl esa ys[kd 'kghnu ds ek/;e ls bl iwjh O;oLFkk ij iz'u fpug yxkrk gsa iq:"k lrrk us lnk ls fl=;ksa dks vius Hkksx dh olrq le>k gsa 'kghnu tslh lh/kh&lk/kh ym+dh dk esys esa vigj.k gks tkrk gsa vigj.k ds ckn mldk cykrdkj djus ds ckn lm+dksa ij mls Hkh[k ek xus ds fy, NksM+ fn;k tkrk gsa bldk o.kzu djrs gq, vcnqy fcfleyykg fy[krs gsa ^^'kghnu! esaus HkhM+ esa gh mls iqdkjk! mlus esjh vksj ns[kk vksj ckgj vk xbza ns[k] dkså ls u dbgsa eksgha o yksx Hkxk; nbzugsa! vksj og HkhM+ esa xk;c gks x;h FkhA esa iqyko ysuk Hkwy x;k FkkA nsj rd ;w gh esa [km+k jgk vksj vius NksVs ls eflr"d esa thou ds lr; ds ckjs esa lksprk jgka lksprk jgk fd ;gk 'kghnu tslh fdruh gh ym+fd;ksa dk vigj.k gksrk gs vksj mudk lro p[k ysus ds ckn mugsa fhk[kkfj;ksa dh iafdr esa Hkst fn;k tkrk gsa** Hkkjrh; lekt eas dgk tkrk fd iruh NksM+us ds fy, blls vklku rjhdk dqn ugha gksrk gs fd mlds pfj= dks ykafnr dj fn;k tk,a eqflye lekt Hkh blls vnwrk ugha gsa ^t+gjckn* miu;kl esa ml ifr&ijk;.k L=h dk ftl izdkj ls var gksrk gs og fdlh Hkh lh; lekt ds fy, dyad gsa bldh ckuxh bl izdkj ns[kh tk ldrh gs ^^,d?kkvh esa idjh ds im+s ds uhps veek Vs<+h&es<+h gksdj im+h FkhA eq g mudk [kqyk Fkk vksj drfks&j xs nk r QSys gq, FksA isv fipd x;k Fkk rfkk Vk xksa ij ls /kksrh ljd x;h FkhA muds fo"ksys ftle ij efd[k;k fhkufhkuk jgh Fkha vksj jg&jgdj idjh ds dpps Qy muds fulian 'kjhj ij iv&iv fxj jgs FksA ml odr,d rst ph[k esjs eq g ls fudyh Fkh vksj esjh vka[kksa dk lcz VwV x;k FkkA ysfdu yx jgk Fkk fd xkyksa ij tks cg jgk gs og vk lw ugha gs] tgj gs & vfhk'kir vksj misf{kr ftunxh dka** ^t+gjckn* miu;kl esa vcnqy fcfleyykg us,d Toyar iz'u mbk;k gsa ukjh dh dks[k esa uks eghus cppk iyrk gs ftls vius [kwu ls ukjh lhaprh gs blds ckn Hkh dkuwuu ukjh dk vius iq= ij dksbz vf/kdkj ugha gksrka bldk myys[k ys[kd us bl miu;kl eas fd;k gsa pwafd ek eq>s ns[ks fcuk ugha jg ldrh blfy, rykd ds ckn mugksaus vcck ls vr;ar nhurkiwozd mugha dh em+s;k esa vius fy, 'kj.k ek xha blds ckn vcck us,d ijnh mugsa ns nh] ftlesa mugkasus viuh NksVh x`glfkh tek yha,d rykd'kqnk L=h dh n;uh; n'kk dk o.kzu djrs gq, vcnqy fcfleyykg ^tgjckn* miu;kl esa fy[krs gsa ^^vksj vpkud gh eq>s vkhkkl gksrk gs fd bu FkksM+s ls fnuksa esa gh os fdlh dh ugha jg x;h gsaa u os vcck dh chch Fkha] u ukuh dh csvh vksj u esjh ek A rc esa lksprk fd vurj esa osnuk dk vuar Lkzksr Hkj dj Hkh irfkj cu tkus okyk izk.kh dslk vuqhko djrk gksxk\** ;g n'kkzrk gs fd,d vlgk; L=h dks vkregr;k djus dks etcwj djus okyk ;g iq:"klrrkred lekt gh gs tks vius,s ;k'kh ds fy, rks dksbs dk pddj yxkrk gs fdurq,d L=h dks funksz"k gksus ij Hkh nafmr djrk gsa emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

40 vcnqy fcfleyykg us vius miu;kl ^nardfkk* esa eqxasz ds ek/;e ls LokFkhZ] mi;ksfxrkoknh euq";ksa ij pksv fd;k gsa eqxsz ds ek/;e ls ys[kd us ;g crkus dh dksf'k'k fd;k gs fd dsls euq";ksa us ifjunksa ds ;gk Hkh HksnHkko dk cht cks fn;k gsa bldh,d ckuxh bl izdkj ns[kh tk ldrh gsa ^^tks eqxhz vams nsuk can dj nsrh Fkh] mls os yksx viuh ck > fl=;ksa dh Hkk fr gh mis{kk dh n`f"v ls ns[kk djrs Fks vksj?kj&hkj esa mldk leeku fxj tkrk FkkA pkgs mudh viuh vksjr gks vksj pkgs eqxhz] larku ds ekeys esa os nksuksa ds lkfk,d tslk crkzo djrs FksA** ;gk euq"; ds f?kuksus psgjs dks ys[kd csudkc djrk gsa fl=;ksa dh n;uh; n'kk dk o.kzu djus ds ckn vcnqy fcfleyykg vius miu;kl ^eq[km+k D;k ns[ks* esa,d lkgfld ukjh ds :i dks fn[kkrs gasa jfu;k rfkk yrk ds :i esa gesa blds mnkgj.k fn[kkbz nsrs gsa tc vyyh pwfm+gkj dks ia0 jkeo`{k ik.ms ihvrs gsa rks og lùkkj eksyoh ds ;gk f'kdk;r djus tkrk gsa ogk ls fujk'k gksdj vyyh tc?kj esa xqe'kqnk csbk jgrk gs rks jfu;k mlls bldk dkj.k iwnrh gsa blds ckn vyh vgen vksj jfu;k ls tks ckrphr gksrh gs mlesa,d lkgfld ukjh dk :i fn[kkbz nsrk gs ^^ccok dh veek ] vc à xk o ls gejk th mpv x;k gsa pyks dgha nwljh txg pysaa dkgs\ bz xk o esa D;k lsj Hkkyw vk x, gsa\ ge csbttrh dh ftanxh ugha ft, xsa rks D;k phyj ds Mj ls dksbz viuh dfkjh NksM+ nsxk\ rqe tkds Fkkus esa jiv dkgs ugha fy[kkrsa** blh miu;kl esa tc yrk ds fookg ds ckn mlds llqjky okys NksM+ nsrs gsa rks mlds lkeus vius firk ds?kj vkus ds vfrfjdr dksbz pkjk ugha cprk gs] fdurq ifjr;drk yrk dks mlds firk] pkpk vksj HkkbZ Hkh Bqdjk nsrs gsaa blds ckn ^^og vius Hkfo"; ds fy, Lor% u;k fodyi ryk'krh gs vksj Vªsfuax djds v/;kfidk cu tkrh gsa ikjaifjd ukjh ls fhkuu ;g vk/kqfud x obz ukjh dk ltkx vksj lkgfld dne gs vu;fkk yrk ds lkeus vkregr;k ds flok vksj dksbz nwljk jklrk gh ugha FkkA** bl izdkj ge dg ldrs gsa fd vcnqy fcfleyykg ds miu;klksa esa eqflye L=h ds fofo/k pfj=ksa dks mhkkjk x;k gsa fu"d"kz :i esa eqflye efgykvksa dks Hkh dkqh vf/kdkj blyke us fn;k gsa ;s vf/kdkj Hkh vu; /keksza ds leku gsaa ftl izdkj fgunw /kez esa ^;= uk;zlrq iwt;urs jeurs r= nsork* dgk x;k gs mlh izdkj blyke esa eqgeen lkgc us dgk gs fd ^ekrk ds isjksa rys LoxZ dk fuokl gksrk gs^a blfy, ;g dgk tk ldrk gs fd eqflye fl=;ksa dh n;uh; n'kk ds fy, blyke dks nks"kh ugha Bgjk;k tk ldrk gs cfyd blds fy, os /kekzf/kdkjh nks"kh gsa ftugksaus vius iq:"kksfpr LokFkZ ds fy, dqjku dh vk;rksa dh xyr O;k[;k, izlrqr dha blyke dk ewyk xzufk vjch esa gksus ds dkj.k rfkk efgykvksa esa f'k{kk dh deh dh otg ls efgyk, Hkh le> ugha ikrha fd mugsa dksu&dksu ls vf/kdkj iznku fd, x, gsaa blfy, eqflye fl=;ksa dks f'kf{kr cukus dk iz;ru djuk gksxk rhkh mudh lel;kvksa dk funku gks ik,xka lunhkz xzafk lwph 1- Hkkjrh; eqlyeku % fefkd vksj ;FkkFkZ] leiknd %jktfd'kksj] i`0la0] Hkkjrh; eqlyeku % fefkd vksj ;FkkFkZ] leiknd %jktfd'kksj] i`0la0] Hkkjrh; eqlyeku % fefkd vksj ;FkkFkZ] leiknd %jktfd'kksj]i`0la0] Hkkjrh; eqlyeku % fefkd vksj ;FkkFkZ] leiknd %jktfd'kksj]i`0la0] gal ekfld] vxlr 2003] vfrffk laiknd % vlx+j otkgr] i`0la0] >huh&>huh chuh pnfj;k] vcnqy fcfleyykg] i`0la0] 9 7- >huh&>huh chuh pnfj;k] vcnqy fcfleyykg] i`0la0] vcnqy fcflekyykg dk dfkk&lkfgr;] la0 %punznso ;kno] i`0la0] >huh&>huh chuh pnfj;k] vcnqy fcfleyykg] i`0la0] lej 'ks"k gs] vcnqy fcfleyykg] i`0la0] lej 'ks"k gs] vcnqy fcfleyykg]i`0la0] emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

41 12- vcnqy fcfleyykg dk dfkk&lkfgr;] la0 % punznso ;kno] i`0la0] Tkgjckn] vcnqy fcfleyykg] i`0 la0] (10&11) 14- Tk+gjckn] vcnqy fcfleyykg] i`0la0] Tk+gjckn] vcnqy fcfleyykg]i`0la0] Tk+gjckn] vcnqy fcfleyykg] i`0 la0] (113& 114) 17- Tk+gjckn] vcnqy fcfleyykg] i`0la0] nardfkk] vcnqy fcfleyykg] i`0la0] eq[km+k D;k ns[ks] vcnqy fcfleyykg] i`0la0] (43&44) 20- vcnqy fcfleyykg dk dfkk lkfgr;] la0 % punznso ;kno] i`0 la0] 10 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

42 Hkkjrh; U;k;ikfydk,oa ekuokf/kdkj laj{k.k Hko'ks[kj lgk;d vkpk;z] jktdh; ehjk du;k egkfo ky;] mn;iqj 'kks/k Lkkjka'k ekuokf/kdkj O;fDr ds thou dh os vfuok;z ifjflfkfr;k gs] ftuds vhkko esa ekuo dk Lora= vksj xfjekiw.kz fodkl lehko ugha gsa ekuokf/kdkjksa ds laj{k.k gsrq ns'k esa laos/kkfud izko/kku miyc/k gsaa blds vykok vusd laxbu vksj fudk; bl gsrq dk;zjr gsaa fdurq U;k;ikfydk us ekuo vf/kdkjksa ds laj{k.k,oa lao¼zu esa ftruh vge~ Hkwfedk dk fuozgu fd;k gs] og vrqyuh; gsa tufgr ;kfpdk] U;kf;d lfø;rk ds ek/;e ls U;k;ikfydk us ekuokf/kdkj laj{k.k esa egùkh Hkwfedk fuhkkbz gsa ladsrk{kj % ca/kudkjh vkns'k] ekuokf/kdkj] U;kf;d lfø;rk] LosPNkpkjh uhfr] izfrhkwfra ek uo lekt dh ges'kk ls ;gh vkdka{kk jgh gs fd u dsoy lhkh dks lq[k,oa lksgknze; thou thus dh Lora=rk gks vfirq mlds lkfk O;fDr dh fof'k"vrk,oa izfr"bk Hkh dk;e jgsa osf'od Lrj ij ekuo dks uslfxzd :i ls izkir vf/kdkjksa ds fopkj vksj mldh egùkk dk vuqhko lekt us rc fd;k tc rsjgoha 'krkcnh esa /kkfezd vlfg".kqrk rfkk lkekftd,oa vkffkzd xqykeh ds fo:¼ Lora=rk vksj lekurk ds lkewfgd Loj rhoz gq,a bugksaus ekuokf/kdkjksa ds fopkj dh uhao j[kha thou rfkk ekuoh; Lora=rk ds vf/kdkjksa dks lkekftd O;oLFkk dk;e j[kus dh n`f"v ls fu;af=r djus dk Hkys gh fdlh 'kklu ;k laxfbr lekt dks vf/kdkj gks] ijurq bu vf/kdkjksa dk iw.kzr;k R;kx djus ds fy, ekuo dks foo'k ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg,a ;fn bu vf/kdkjksa dk iks"k.k,oa laj{k.k djus esa dksbz lekt ;k 'kklu foqy gksrk gs rks lelr ekuo txr~ dks jk"vªh; lhekvksa dk fopkj NksM+dj fojks/k esa [km+s gksus dk vf/kdkj gsa ekuokf/kdkjksa ds izfr vknj vksj budks lkdkj djus ds fy, lhkh ns'kksa dks Lo;a vksj Lofoosd ls igy djus dh t:jr gsa ekuokf/kdkjksa ds guu dks jksdus ds fy, la;qdr jk"vª la?k vfkok fdlh vu; vurjkz"vªh; laxbu ds ikl dksbz ca/kudkjh vkns'k tkjh djus dk vf/kdkj ugha gsa ijurq fo eku fo"ke ifjflfkfr;ksa esa ;g lqli"v gksrk tk jgk gs fd dsoy vkn'kz ds :i esa ugha cfyd ekuo txr~ ds vuqhkoksa ds vk/kkj 1 ij vke vkneh dh ekuokf/kdkjksa ds laj{k.k dh ekax c<+rh gh tkuh gs A,d etcwr] Lora=] fu"i{k,oa lqo;oflfkr U;k;ikfydk iztkrkaf=d 'kklu O;oLFkk ds fy, egroiw.kz Hkwfedk vnk djrh gs] ;g ljdkjh izkf/kdkfj;ksa dh LosPNkpkjh uhfr dks gh dsoy fu;af=r gh ugha djrh oju~ ukxfjdksa ds ekuokf/kdkjksa dks lajf{kr djus esa vge~ Hkwfedk fuhkkrh gsa la?kh; 'kklu O;oLFkk esa U;k;ikfydk dk nkf;ro vksj 2 vf/kd c<+ tkrk gs A ekuokf/kdkjksa ij laos/kkfud fof/k;ksa ds fodkl dk ledkyhu le; esa cgqr lkjs rf; miyc/k gsa vksj bl izfø;k esa U;kf;d glr{ksi ds }kjk ekuokf/kdkjksa dh lqj{kk vksj izhkko'khyrk ds ckjs esa rf; ekstwn gsa tufgr ;kfpdk esa fufgr fl¼kur U;kf;d izfø;k ds folrkj dh lwpuk nsrk gs rfkk lkeku; fgrksa dh lqj{kk,oa vke vkneh dh f'kdk;rksa dks lecksf/kr djus dh igy ds :i esa vk'kk dh fdj.k txkrk gsa bl ;kfpdk dh ;kaf=d izfø;k ds }kjk U;k;ikfydk dh lfø;rk ds dkj.k xjhc] detksj] innfyr] 'kksf"kr] ihfm+r] lkekftd vksj vkffkzd :i ls vlgk; 038 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

43 3 yksxksa dks U;k; fnykus esa bldh eq[; Hkwfedk gs A Hkkjr esa U;k;] Lora=rk vksj lekurk dks fyf[kr lafo/kku }kjk izfrhkwfr nh gsa Hkkjr esa lokszpp U;k;ky; dks gekjs lafo/kku ds laj{k.k,oa U;kf;d izfø;k ds fof/kd iz;ksx esa cgqr egroiw.kz Hkwfedk nh xbz gsa Hkkjrh; lafo/kku us U;k;ikfydk dks cgqr egroiw.kz Hkwfedk lksaih gsa ;g gekjs ns'k esa,drk vksj v[k.mrk dh cgqr cm+h 'kfdr gsa lokszpp U;k;ky; lqlaxfbr,oa lqfunszf'kr U;kf;d <+k pk gsa ;g dkuwu 4 ds oklrfod vfkksza dks O;Dr djrk gs A ;g lafo/kku dk oklrfod O;k[;kdkj gsa U;kf;d izfø;k,d folr`r vfhko;fdr gs tks lelr U;k; iz.kkyh dks O;ofLFkr djrh gs] jkt; dk;zikfydk] fo/kkf;d vksj U;k;ikfydk ds rgr vius dk;ksza,oa mùkjnkf;ro dks fu;af=r djrk gsa ljdkj dh iztkrkaf=d O;oLFkk ds bu dk;ksza dks i`fkd j[kk tkrk gsa U;kf;d 'kfdr dk folrkj jktuhfr n'kzu ds vuqlkj jkt; dh lelr xfrfof/k;ksa rd gsa lokzf/kdkjoknh jkt;ksa esa U;kf;d 'kfdr fldqm+ tkrh gs vksj jktuhfrd 'kfdr ds,d ra= ds :i esa dke djus yxrh gsa mnkjoknh iztkra=ksa esa U;kf;d 'kfdr vius pje ij igq prh gs vksj ;g 'kfdr ekuo lekt esa 5 Lor=ark ds mrfkku,oa iru dk csjksehvj gs A Lora=,oa fu"i{k U;k;ikfydk gh ljdkj ds LosPNkpkjh vf/kdkjksa ls ukxfjdksa ds vf/kdkj vksj Lora=rk dh j{kk dj ldrk gsa ds-vkj- cksecoky ds 'kcnksa esa] ^^,d 'kfdr'kkyh Lora= vksj lqo;oflfkr U;k;ikfydk iztkrkaf=d ljdkj dh O;oLFkk esa eq[; Hkwfedk fuhkkrh gs**a lalkj esa yksxksa us vksj Hkkjr esa fo'ks"k rksj ij ekuokf/kdkjksa ds fu;eu vksj dk;kzuo;u ds lecu/k esa U;k;ikfydk dh Hkwfedk dks Lohdkj dj fy;k gsa dkuwu dh fof/kd izfø;k ds rgr vksj vk/kh 'krkcnh ds vuqhko ls gesa eglwl gqvk gs fd U;k;ikfydk bl fn'kk esa egroiw.kz Hkwfedk fuhkk jgh gsa ^^tufgr ;kfpdk,d U;kf;d xfrfof/k ds :i esa yksxksa ds vf/kdkjksa ds myya?ku dh flfkfr esa mugsa U;k; fnykus dh,d fo'ks"k izfø;k gs] ftls fo'ks"kk pquksfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk gs] cgqr lkjs iz'uksa ds mùkj nsuk gs rfkk cgqr lh j.kuhfr;ksa dk fodkl djuk gs] ftlls bls,d U;kf;d izfø;k ds :i esa lalfkkxr vk/kkj feysa U;k;ikfydk yxkrkj bl ekeys esa lrdz jgh gs vksj blus tufgr ;kfpdkvksa ds lunhkz esa dqn fo'ks"k fl¼kurksa dks tue fn;k gs rfkk funsz'kksa dk fodkl fd;k gs] ftlls U;kf;d izfø;k esa vkus okyh vm+puksa dks nwj fd;k tk ldrk gs vksj Hkkjr ds yksxksa dks lkekftd 6 vf/kdkjksa dh lqj{kk dh tk ldrh gs** A tufgr ;kfpdk Hkkjrh; U;k;ikfydk ds lunhkz esa,d U;kf;d mipkj dk fodyi gs] bldk eq[; mís'; rhoz vksj llrk U;k; mu xjhcksa vksj detksj oxksza dks fnykuk gsa tufgr fof/k ds vejhdh fodkl us fo'o ds dbz ns'kksa dks viuh U;kf;d iz.kkyh ds lq/kkj djus ds fy, izsfjr fd;ka Hkkjr esa tufgr ;kfpdk dk fodkl vkikrdky ds nksjku (1975&77) iz'kklfud vfrpkj,oa ukxfjd o iztkrkaf=d vf/kdkjksa ds guu ds ifj.kkelo:i ns[kk tk ldrk gsa ml le; dh iz'kkldh; o U;kf;d fuf"ø;rk,oa csclh us Hkkjr esa tufgr ;kfpdk dh vko';drk,oa fodkl dh i`"bhkwfe rs;kj dha ml le; jkt; ds rroksa dh iqulzjapuk vksj fofo/k ukxfjd,oa iztkrkaf=d vf/kdkjksa dh ekax ds fy, ukxfjd vf/kdkj vkunksyuksa dk cksyckyk jgka oh-vkj- d`".kk v ;j vksj ih-,u- Hkxorh tslh U;k;ewfrZ;ksa us turk dh f'kdk;r,oa mudh ihm+kvksa dks llrk U;k; fnykus ds fy, fo'ks"k dne mbk;s vksj fofo/k lfefr;ksa dk xbu fd;k x;k & dkuwuh lgk;rk ds fy, Hkxorh lfefr (1971)] izfø;kred U;k; ds ekeys esa d`".kk v ;j lfefr (1973)] d`".kk v;axj,oa Hkxorh dh la;qdr mpp Lrjh; lfefr (1976)] jktlfkku dkuwu lq/kkj vk;ksx (1975),oa Hkkjr ljdkj dh U;k; laca/kh lfefr (1976) vkfn }kjk xjhcksa dks U;k; fnykus ds fy, ljdkjh iz;klksa ds ladsr fn;sa ifj.kkelo:i lokszpp U;k;ky; us,d uohu U;kf;d izfø;k dk uke tufgr okn fn;ka lokszpp U;k;ky; ds U;k;/kh'k ih-,u- Hkxorh ds 'kcnksa esa] ^^tufgr ;kfpdk dkuwuh lgk;rk iznku djus ds fy,,d j.kuhfrd mik; gs ftldk y{; xjhc] vlgk; vksj vu;k; ds f'kdkj 7 yksxksa dks U;k; fnykuk gs** A U;k;ewfrZ Hkxorh us tufgr ;kfpdk dh ladyiuk dks 8 Li"V fd;k & ^^tgk ij dkuwuh xyfr;k vksj fof/kd vk?kkr fdlh O;fDr ;k oxz lewg dks izhkkfor djrh gks] ftlds dkj.k laos/kkfud vf/kdkj dk myya?ku gksrk emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

44 gks ;k dksbz,slh ck/kk ;k cks> fcuk fof/kd lùkk ds yksxksa ij Mky fn;s tkrs gksa vksj bl rjg dk O;fDr vksj oxz lewg tks xjhch] fullgk;rk] v;ksx;rk] lkekftd] vkffkzd :i ls v{ke flfkfr rfkk tks U;k; izkir djus ds fy, dkuwuh lgk;rk ugha ys ldrk gsa mu lcds fy, rfkk yksxksa esa ls dksbz Hkh O;fDr mfpr rjhds ls izkfkzuk i= rs;kj djus ds ckn Hkkjr ds fdlh mpp U;k;ky; esa (vuqpnsn 226) fdlh Hkh ewy vf/kdkj ds guu dh flfkfr esa rfkk vuqpnsn 32 ds rgr lokszpp U;k;ky; ls fof/kd vksj U;kf;d lg;ksx izkir dj ldrk gsa tks tufgr ;kfpdk ds rgr ykxw 9 fd;s tk ldrs gsa** cu/kqvk eqfdr ekspkz okn esa i= ;kfpdk dks Lohdkjus ij tksj fn;ka Hkkjr esa U;k;ikfydk us lkekftd vksj vkffkzd U;k; dh vo/kkj.kk dks yksdfgr oknksa ds ek/;e ls,d lkdkj :i esa ubz fn'kk iznku djus esa egroiw.kz Hkwfedk vnk dha U;kf;d lfø;rk fn[kkrs gq, U;k;ky;ksa us ewy vf/kdkjksa ds izorzu dh uohu rduhd fodflr dha lqus tkus dk vf/kdkj dk f'kffkyhdj.k djrs gq, U;k;ky;ksa us ijeijkxr U;k;ky;h izfø;k esa ifjorzu fd;ka i= ;kfpdk ij Hkh dk;zokgh vkjehk dha yksdfgroknh dh vf/kdkfjrk mpprj U;k;ky;ksa dks gh izkir gsa lafo/kku ds vuqpnsn 32 esa mppre U;k;ky;,oa vuqpnsn 226 esa mpp U;k;ky;ksa esa tufgr ;kfpdk nk;j dh tk ldrh gsa Hkkjr esa U;k;ikfydk }kjk viuh 'kfdr;ksa dk folrkj djrs gq, viuk;h xbz uohu U;kf;d izfø;k ds 10 y{k.k & 1- vizrh{kkred izfø;k dk vuqlj.ka 2- lqus tkus ds fu;e dk f'kffkyhdj.ka 3- vf/kdkfjrk laca/kh izkjfehkd vkifùk;ksa dk fujkdj.ka 4- vuqpnsn 32 ds v/khu mppre U;k;ky;,oa vuqpnsn 226 ds vurxzr mpp U;k;ky; esa ewy vf/kdkjksa ds izorzu gsrq fdlh O;fDr ;k tulsoh lalfkk ;k laxbu }kjk ;kfpdk nk;j fd;k tkuka 5- mppre ;k mpp U;k;ky;ksa esa i= ;kf=dk dks fopkjkfkz Lohdkj djuka 6- U;k;ky;ksa }kjk vuqrks"kksa ds izorzu gsrq leqfpr funsz'k fn;k tkuk ;k vk;ksx ;k fo'ks"kr% lfefr;ksa vkfn dh fu;qfdr djuka yksdfgr okn ds fo"k;ksa dh lwph vr;ur folr`r gsa ;g izr;sd ekeys ds rf;ksa,oa mldh ifjflfkfr;ksa ij fuhkzj djrk gs fd fdlh tufgr okn ekuk tk;s ;k ughaa lkeku;r% U;kf;d fu.kz;ksa ds vk/kkj ij fueu fo"k;ksa dks yksdfgr dk ekuk tk 11 ldrk gs & cu/kqvk etnwjh Jfedksa dh U;wure etnwjh 3- cky 'kks"k.k 4- efgyk mrihm+u iqfyl ;a=.kk i;kzoj.k laj{k.k 7- nfyr,oa finm+s oxksza ij vr;kpkj 8- ikfjokfjd isa'ku 9- ukjh fudsruksa dh nqnz'kk 10- dkjkx`gksa esa 'kks"k.k] mrihm+u,oa 16 vo;olfkk U;k;k/kh'kksa dk LFkkukUrj.k 12- cfun;ksa ds lkfk vekuoh; O;ogkj 13- Jfedksa ds lkfk vekuoh; O;ogkj 14- xaxk ds ikuh dks nwf"kr djuk us=ghu ckfydkvksa dk ;ksu 'kks"k.k A yksdfgr ij mppre U;k;ky; }kjk fofhkuu voljksa ij fopkj fd;k x;k gsa yksdfgr dk mn~hko fueu n'kkvksa esa gksrk gs%& Ø tgk dk;zikfydk dk 'kfdr vh;kl ;qfdrlaxr ugha gsa Ø tgk dk;zikfydh; d`r; lafo/kku ds nk;js ls ckgj gsaa yksdfgr vksj vk/kkjhkwr ekuokf/kdkjksa dks lajf{kr j[kus ds fy, tufgr ;kfpdk, izdk'k esa vk;h gs] muds iz;kstu fueu gs%& 1- yksd vigkfu dks jksdus ds fy,a 040 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

45 2- yksd drzo;ksa dks ifjofrzr djus ds fy,a 3- lkekftd vf/kdkjksa ds izorzu ds fy,a 4- yksdfgr lao¼zu ds fy,a 5- lkekftd] vkffkzd,oa jktusfrd U;k; fnykus ds fy,a yksdfgrokn dk eq[; mís'; lekt ds detksj oxksza dks U;k; lqyhk djkuk gsa ;g ekuokf/kdkjksa dh vo/kkj.kk dk iks"kd gsa yksdfgr ds fo:¼ dksbz Hkh d`r; ewy vf/kdkjksa dk myya?ku gsa ekuokf/kdkj olrqr% os vk/kkjhkwr vf/kdkj gsa tks O;fDr ds pgq eq[kh fodkl dks vk;ke iznku djrs gsaa Hkkjrh; U;k;ky; lafo/kku }kjk fn;s x;s ekuoh; vf/kdkjksa dks ykxw djkus esa T;knk :fp ys jgs gsaa Hkkjr esa U;kf;d iz.kkyh,d folr`r iz.kkyh gsa U;kf;d 'kfdr dk folrkj jkt; ds jktuhfrd n'kzu ls lacaf/kr gs] ftldk U;kf;d folrkj gsa vr% Hkkjrh; U;k;f;d iz.kkyh ekuoh; vf/kdkjksa ds laj{k.k dk izhkko'kkyh ra= gsa fu"d"kz orzeku esa ekuoh; vf/kdkjksa ds fofhkuu {ks=ksa esa c<+rs myya?kuksa ds eísutj U;k;ikfydk us dkqh lfø;rk fn[kk;h gsa vurjkz"vªh; Lrj ij ftl rjg ls ekuokf/kdkjksa ds myya?ku dks xehkhjrk ls fy;k tk jgk gs] mlh rjg ls Hkkjrh; mpp U;k;ky;ksa,oa mppre U;k;ky; Hkh bls xehkhjrk ls ysrs gq, vius fhkuu&fhkuu fu.kz;ksa esa laos/kkfud,oa ekuoh; vf/kdkjksa ds myya?kudrkzvksa dks dbksjre fu.kz; fn;s gsaa vr% ;g dgk tk ldrk gs fd U;kf;d lfø;rk,oa tufgr okn dh ladyiuk mlh dk ifj.kke gsa lunhkz xzufk lwph 1- Mh-,l- ;kno] Hkkjr esa ekuokf/kdkj] vklfkk izdk'ku] t;iqj] i`-la v:.k jk;] Hkkjr esa tufgr ;kfpdk vksj ekuo vf/kdkj vuq- uunyky Lo.kZdkj] jk/kk ifcyds'kul] ubz fnyyh] i`-la mi;qzdr] i`-la ih-lh- esgrk,oa,l-,l- tloky] cky Je vksj dkuwu] fefkd vksj ;FkkFkZ dy;k.k dk dk;z] nhi,.m nhi izdk'ku] ubz fnyyh] i`-la ch- flag] Hkkjr dk lokszpp U;k;ky;,d lkekftd U;k; ds ra= ds :i esa] LVfyZax ifcyds'ku] 1976] i`-la ijethr tloky] Hkkjr esa jkt; ds uhfr funs'kd rro] U;k; fo/kku vksj lkekftd&vkffkzd U;k;] 1996] i`-la ,l-ds- vxzoky] Hkkjr esa tufgr ;kfpdk] 1985] i`-la- 8 8-,l-ih- xqirk cuke Hkkjr la?k] 1982],-vkbZ-vkj- 149,l-lh- 9- cu/kqvk eqfdr ekspkz cuke ;wfu;u vkwq bf.m;k],- vkbz-vkj- 1984],l-lh MkW- uk-fo- ijkatis] yksdfgrokn fof/kd lgk;rk,oa lsok, ] yksd vnkyrsa rfkk isjk yhxy lsok, ] lsuvªy ykw,tsulh] bykgkckn] 2010] i`-la MkW- clurhyky ckcsy] U;kf;d izfø;k] lsuvªy ykw,tsulh] bykgkckn] 2010] i`-la- 109& cu/kqvk eqfdr ekspkz cuke ;wfu;u vkwq bf.m;k],- vkbz-vkj- 1984],l-lh ihiqyl ;wfu;u dksj MseksØsfVd jkbv~l cuke ;wfu;u vkwq bf.m;k],-vkbz-vkj- 1982,l-lh jktlfkku fdlku laxbu cuke LVsV vkwq jktlfkku],-vkbz-vkj-] 1989] jktlfkku ,e-lh- esgrk cuke ;wfu;u vkwq bf.m;k],-vkbzvkj- 1997],l-lh lquhy c=k cuke nsgyh,mfefulvªs'ku],-vkbz-vkj- 1980],l-lh ,l-ih- xqirk cuke ;wfu;u vkwq bf.m;k],-vkbzvkj- 1982],l-lh izrqy dqekj flugk cuke LVsV vkwq bf.m;k],-vkbzvkj- 1989],l-lh MkW- Jo.k dqekj lsuh] ekuokf/kdkj fof/k;k ] jktlfkku fgunh xzufk vdkneh] t;iqj] 2013] i`-la- 273 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

46 pk vkleku MkWV dkwe miu;kl esa euksfokku dk izse ij izhkko veunhi 'kekz 'kks/kkfkhz] iatkch fo'ofo ky;] ifv;kyk (iatkc) 'kks/k Lkkjka'k pk vkleku MkWV dkwe miu;kl f=dksus izse laca/kksa ij vk/kkfjr miu;kl gsa f=dksus izse laca/kksa ds pyrs izse fo"k;d ukjh vksj iq#"k dh ekufldrk dks n'kkz;k x;k gsa miu;kl esa ik= vius izse dks ikus dh ftthfo"kk esa HkVdrs fn[kkbz nsrs gsaa lhkh v/kwjs gsa vksj iw.kzrk dh [kkst esa HkVd jgs gsaa euksfokku dh lgk;rk ls ys[kd us ik=ksa ds ek/;e ls euq"; dh eukso`fr;ksa dqbkvksa] v/kwjh vk'kkvksa LoIu vkfn dks iw.kz :i ls O;Dr djus dh lqy dksf'k'k dh gsa ladsrk{kj % euksfokku] izse n'kzu] psruka uksfokku dks ge eu dk fokku dgrs gsaa vaxzsth esa bls Psychology dk uke fn;k x;k gsa Psychology e'kcn nks ;wukuh 'kcnksa ls cuk gsa Psycho dk vfkz gs vkrek vksj Logos dk vfkz gs fopkj foe'kza bldk iw.kz vfkz gs vkrek ds fopkjksa dks le>uka tc ls euq"; esa ekufld psruk dk çknqhkkzo gqvk gs rhkh ls euksfokku dk mn; ekuk tkrk gsa euksfo'ys"k.k ekuo eu ds v/;;u dk,d egùoiw.kz fokku gs] euq"; ds O;ogkj dk dksbz dksuk blls vnwrk ugha jgk gsa vkt thou dk ewy;kadu euksfo'ys"k.kkred n`f"v ls fd;k tk jgk gsa lkfgr; esa euksfokku dk egùoiw.kz LFkku gsa oklro esa ns[kk tk, rks ekuo eu gh lkfgr; dk fo"k; gsa lkfgr; eu dh vuqhkwfr;ksa dk fp= gh gekjs lkeus j[krk gsa tc ls lkfgr; dk izkjehk gqvk gs rc ls ysdj vkt rd mlesa ekuo izd`fr ds fofhkuu igyw gh vfhko;dr gksrs vk, gsaa ;gh dkj.k gs fd tc euksoskkfud fl¼kurksa dk izpyu Hkh ugha gqvk Fkk rc ls lkfgr; esa gesa ekuo dh yxhkx mugha izo`fùk;ksa ds n'kzu gksrs gsa ftugsa ge vkt euksoskkfud fl¼karksa ds vkyksd esa lqxerk ls le> ldrs gsaa vkt dk ;qx vurtzxr dks fo'ks"k egùo nsus yxk gsa euq"; dss cká thou esa larqyu LFkkfir djus ds fy, vurtzxr dk mn~?kkvu vr;ur vko';d gsa ;gh dkj.k gs fd vkt ds ys[kd dk >qdko tfvy&izd`fr&ik=ksa dh vksj vf/kd n`f"vxr gksrk gsa vxj ns[kk tk, rks ekuo dk vopsru vksj vpsru eu mlds psru ls fdlh izdkj Hkh de egùoiw.kz ugha gs D;ksafd gekjh ftruh Hkh ohhkrl] vfiz;,oa dqafbr Hkkouk, gsa os vpsru esa pyh tkrh gsa vksj ogk lqirkolfkk esa fo eku jgrh gsaa og ejrh ugha og vkkr :i ls euq"; ds cká txr dks izhkkfor djrh jgrh gsaa vr% fdlh Hkh cká O;ogkj dks ns[kdj mlds fdlh dk;z fo'ks"k dh izsjd&'kfdr dks le>us ds fy, ftl lw{e n`f"v dh vko';drk gs og gesa euksfokku }kjk gh izkir gksrh gsa ^^euksfo'ys"k.kkred i¼fr ls Hkh vk/kqfud O;fDr ds vurezu esa fufgr vusd,slh lw{erkvksa ij izdk'k im+k ftuds lecu/k esa ijeijkxr fpuru ds ikl dksbz fo'oluh; mùkj ugha FkkA psru] vopsru vksj vpsru eu dh bu rhu 'krksza ds ek/;e ls euq"; dh vkurfjdrk dk vr;ur lw{e vksj fo'ys"k.kkred v/;;u gqvka bruh xgu vksj O;kid 042 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

47 flfkfr;ksa dk v/;;u dfork ds }kjk lahko ugha Fkk vksj x fo/kkvksa esa Hkh dfkk&lkfgr; ds vfrfjdr vu; fo/kkvksa ds }kjk izlrqr djus ij ;g n'kzu ds vf/kd fudv vk tkrk gsa dfkk lkfgr; esa bl i¼fr dk 1 blhfy, vf/kd vuqdj.k gqvka** ekuo ds leiw.kz :i dks le>us ds fy, mlds vunj ds lw{e ls lw{erj dksuksa esa euksoskkfud dks >k duk im+rk gs D;ksafd mldk cká O;ogkj gh mlds lewps O;fDrRo dk ifjpk;d ugha gks ldrka euq"; ds oklrfod :i dks le>us ds fy, NksVs ls NksVs dk;z dks,d euksoskkfud vr;ur /;ku ls ij[krk gs,oa euq"; dk oklrfod :i gekjs le{k j[krk gsa,slk djus esa mls euksfokku dk gh vkj; ysuk im+rk gsa vr% ge dg ldrs gsa fd lkfgr; esa euksfokku dk egùoiw.kz LFkku gsa euksfokku dh lgk;rk ls ys[kd miu;kl tslh fo/kk esa ik=ksa ds ek/;e ls euq"; dh eukso`fr;k ] dqabkvksa] v/kwjh vk'kkvksa] LoIu vkfn dks iw.kz :i ls O;Dr djus esa lqy gksrk gsa pk vkleku MkWV dkwe miu;kl esa euksfokku ds izse ij izhkko dks fueufyf[kr fcunqvksa esa n'kkz;k x;k gs& izse dk fu'py vkreh; :i ;k izse dh fu'py vkfred n`f"v vkreh; izse,d,slh volfkk gs tc euq"; fu%lokfkz Hkkouk ls vius lq[k&nq%[k dks R;kx vius fiz; ds lq[k&nq%[k dks viuk eku mlds cká lksun;z dh vis{kk mlds Hkhrjh lksun;z ls izse djrk gs vfkkzr~ mldh vkrek ds lkfk,d gksus dk vuqhko djrk gsa,sls esa vis{kk dk Hkko lekir gks tkrk gs vksj vkre leiz.k dk Hkko mriuu gksrk gsa mls bl ckr dh fpurk ugha jgrh fd mldk fiz; Hkh mls cnys esa mruk gh I;kj nsa ^^izse nks vkrekvksa ds,dkdkj gks tkus dh flfkfr gsa ogk u /kez&leiznk;] u fu/kzurk&oshko ds la?k"kz ;k vkd"kz.k gh viuk dksbz vflrro j[krs gsaa izse yttk 2 dh ugha xksjo dh olrq gsa** izse esa dksbz lksnsckth ugha gksrha izseh ds fy, vius fiz; dk lq[k gh lokszifj gksrk gsa blh ls mls r`fir dk vuqhko gksrk gs vksj ;gh r`fir mlds fy, izse gsa miu;kl esa fefgj lqxu/kk ls dgrk gs& ^^esa Hkh rqegkjs Hkhrj fnis lksun;z dh gh ckr dj jgk gw \ rqegkjs Hkhrj D;k dqn fnik gs\ ;k ogh gs tks ckgj fn[krk gs\ ;k dqn vksj\ dqn rqegkjh vk [kksa esa gsa dksbz liuka og liuk tks euq"; dks eqfdr dh rjq ys 3 tkrk gsa** bl izdkj ge dg ldrs gsa fd izse dk fu'py vkreh; :i euq"; dks euq"; ds Hkhrj fnis lksun;z dh >yd fn[kykrk gs ftlesa eqfdr dk Hkko fnik gksrk gsa ukjh dh izse fo"k;d ekufldrk lkekftd ca/kuksa ds dkj.k L=h izse tsls vuqhko dks Lohdkjus ls Mjrh gsa blh dkj.k og viuh bpnk,a] vius LoIu Hkhrj gh nck dj j[k ysrh gsa og pkg dj Hkh viuh [kq'kh vfkkzr~ vius fiz; ds lkfk jgus ds lq[k dks izkir ugha dj ikrha L=h ds fookg mijkur vius ifr ds vfrfjdr fdlh nwljs iq#"k dh vksj >qdko lekt esa Lohdk;Z ugha gsa mlds fy, ifr dk?kj gh lc dqn gs vksj bl?kj dks og fdlh Hkh dher ij VwVus nsuk ugha pkgrha vius?kj ds VwV tkus ds Mj ls og vius izseh dks Hkh ugha feyrh tslk fd miu;kl esa fn[kk;k x;k gsa miu;kl esa uafnrk vius ifr fefgj ls vius igys izseh ds ckjs esa ckrphr djrh gqbz dgrh gs& ^^ugha ugha?kj ij Bhd ugha gs] og ckj&ckj ;gk vkus yxsxka esjk Hkh?kj gsa esa bl?kj dks VwVus ugha nsuk 4 pkgrha** L=h iwjh rjg ls lksp&le> dj gh izse dks Lohdkj djrh gs D;ksafd mldh ut+j esa iq#"k LokFkhZ gksrs gsaa ftugsa L=h ds eu ls ugha cfyd L=h ds 'kjhfjd vkd"kz.k ls gh izse gksrk gsaa mls Mj jgrk gs fd dgha og /kks[kk u [kk csbsa miu;kl esa tc lqxu/kk dks irk pyrk gs fd fefgj mls izse djrs gsa rks og pkg dj Hkh ;dhu ugha dj ikrha og lksprh gs& ^^dy rd dksbz nwljk O;fDr eq>ls izse djrk FkkA vkt,d vksj 'k[+l nkok djrk gs fd og Hkh eq>s mruk gh izse djrk gsa esa,sls iq#"kksa dks tkurh gw ] tks ckrsa rks cgqr djrs gsa ij gdhdr dqn vksj gksrh gsa esa fqygky ns[k jgh gw bl ckr esa fdruh lppkbz gsa lksp jgh gw A [kqn dks ij[k jgh gw A ij esa cguk ugha pkgrh /kkjk dh rjg] fdlh vksj rv dh rjqa rv bl thou esa fdlus ns[kk gs\ jsr tks 5 mm+rk tk jgk gsa** nkeir; laca/k gekjs lekt dh etcwr dm+h gsa iq#"k Hkys gh fookg mijkur fdlh nwljh L=h ds vkd"kz.k esa va/kk gks] vius o"kksza ls pys vk jgs x`glfk thou dks rksm+ nsa ijurq L=h ds fy, vius emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

48 ifr dh [kq'kh gh lc dqn gksrh gs] Hkys gh og Hkhrj ls VwV tk,a L=h gj eqf'dy esa iq#"k dk lkfk nsrh gsa mldk ;gh fu'py izse o R;kx dk Hkko mls iq#"k ls egku cukrk gsa miu;kl esa uafnrk dks tc irk pyrk gs fd mldk ifr lqxu/kk ls izse djus yxk gs rks uafnrk mldk fojks/k u djds vius ifr dh [kq'kh dks gh egro nsrh gsa uafnrk us,d fnu fefgj dks Hkhaprs gq, dgk& ^^esa tkurh gw rqe eu gh eu lqxu/kk ls izse djus yxs gks] dkqh bavslyh pkgus yxs gksa ysfdu rqegkjh [kq'kh esa gh esjh [kq'kh gsa izse ds bl jax dks fefgj tkurs gq, 6 Hkh ugha igpku ik jgs FksA**,d vksj txg ij uafnrk fefgj ls dgrh gs& ^^rqe vxj lqxu/kk ls izse djrs gks rks eq>s dksbz vkifùk ugha gsa vxj rqegsa mlls feydj thou dh dksbz [kq'kh feyrh gs rks rqe vo'; ftvksa esa 7 dhkh mldk fojks/k ugha d: xha** ukjh iq#"k ls vkreh; izse djrh gs og vius ifr o izseh dh [kq'kh esa gh viuh [kq'kh ns[krh gsa mlesa vkre leiz.k dk Hkko iq#"k ls dgha vf/kd gksrk gsa iq#"k dh izse fo"k;d ekufldrk orzeku le; esa iq#"k dh izse fo"k;d ekufldrk cnyrh tk jgh gs ijurq blh lanhkz esa iruh vksj izsfedk ds izfr mldk ekufld n`f"vdks.k lkekftd otzukvksa ij vk/kkfjr gsa bl ckr dh iqf"v bu fopkjksa ls dh tk ldrh gsa ^^ifr fdruk Hkh vk/kqfud D;ksa u gks] fdruh Hkh iqjkuh ijeijkvksa dks ekuus ls budkj djrk gks] ijurq og bl ckr dks lgu ugha dj ldrk fd mldh iruh ds lkfk fdlh Hkh iq#"k ds fdlh Hkh izdkj ds 8 laca/k gksaa** iq#"k esa LFkk;hiu dh txg fqlyu dh flfkfr vf/kd gksrh gs vfkkzr~ mlesa izse dh txg vkd"kz.k us ys yh gsa iq#"k dks L=h dk vkurfjd lksun;z mruk vkdf"kzr ugha djrk ftruk 'kkjhfjda mls u;kiu pkfg,a vius vki dks leiw.kz djus dh pkg esa og ges'kk bl u;siu dh ryk'k esa HkVdrk jgrk gsa mls iruh Hkh pkfg, vksj izsfedk HkhA mls vius lq[k ls eryc gs viuh r`fir ls eryc gsa miu;kl esa,d txg ij uafnrk fefgj ls dgrh gs] ^^rqedks Hkh rks blh rjg dk izse pkfg,a jksekal vksj izn'kzu okyka esa enksza dk gky c[kwch tkurh gw A mugsa iruh Hkh pkfg, tks?kj esa mldh lsok dj ldsa lq[k&nq%[k esa mldk lkfk ns ldsa fqj,d izsfedk Hkh pkfg, tks mlds lkfk jksekal djs] pk;&dkwqh fi, vksj bavysdpqvy 'ks;fjax djsa eq>s rks le> esa ugha vkrk 9 ;g 'ks;fjax D;k gksrh gsa** iq#"k dk izse Hkksxoknh gksrk gsa og,d L=h ls lurq"v ugha gks ldrk] mls cnyko pkfg,a izse izkfir dh ftthfo"kk tgk izse euq"; dks ÅtkZ] rkdr o mrlkg ls Hkj nsrk gs ogk vius fiz; dks ikus dh pkg mls bruk det+ksj cuk nsrh gs fd og vius djhch fj'rksa dks Hkh NksM+us ds fy, rs;kj gks tkrk gsa vius fiz; dks ikus dh pkg gh mls vkfred lq[k dh vuqhkwfr iznku djrh gsa blh pkg dks ysdj og fnu&jkr LoIu cqurk jgrk gsa Hkys gh og ;FkkFkZ ls ifjfpr gks vfkkzr~ mls Kkr gks fd vius fiz; dks ikuk mlds fy, vlehko gs ijurq fqj Hkh fiz; izkfir dh >wbh lh meehn mls thou thus ds fy, izsfjr djrh gsa miu;kl esa tc fefgj lqxu/kk ds lkfk f'keyk esa gksrs gsa rks og eu gh eu lksprs gsa fd 'kk;n lqxu/kk Hkh oslk eglwl dj jgh gksxh tsls fd os eglwl dj jgs gsaa ^^D;k lqxu/kk Hkh oslh gh r#.kkbz eglwl dj jgh gs\ ysfdu og lqxu/kk ls dqn ugha dguk pkgrs FksA fefgj njvly cgqr dqn iwnuk pkgrs Fks] ij mugsa Mj Fkk fd vxj muds lokyksa dk udkjkred tokc fey x;k rks mudk lkjk frfyle gh VwV tk,xka fefgj vius fy, bl frfyle dks thfor cuk, j[kuk pkgrs FksA og frfyle gh mugsa vkxs c<+us vksj thfor j[kus ds fy, izsfjr dj jgk FkkA D;k frfyle ds cxsj ftunxh esa dksbz /km+du gs\ ysfdu ;g frfyle mugsa Hkhrj tdm+ Hkh jgk FkkA og mlh esa 10 dsn Hkh gksrs tk jgs FksA** izse esa euq"; ges'kk,d Hkze esa thuk pkgrk gsa tc euq";,d rjqk izse djrk gs rks mls,d >wbh lh meehn gksrh gs fd mldk izseh Hkh mls I;kj djrk gs vksj ;gh >wbh meehn og VwVus ugha nsuk pkgrka izse esa dyiuk,oa LoIu izse esa euq"; vius fiz; dks ysdj bruh dyiuk, djus yxrk gs fd ;FkkFkZ rd dks Lohdkjus dks rs;kj ugha gksrk D;ksafd ;FkkFkZ :ih Hkwfe ij vkrs gh oklrfodrk dh pksv ls mldh dyiuk, ] mldh bpnk, pdukpwj gks tkrh gsaa blh rjg euq"; dh dksbz u dksbz 044 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

49 bpnk thou esa v/kwjh jgrh gsa ;s v/kwjh bpnk, /khjs&/khjs dqabk dk :i /kkj.k dj ysrh gsaa ftlls O;fDr vf/kd ijs'kku jgrk gsa izse djus okyk viuk fiz; ds lkfk jgus o ml lq[k dks izkir djus ds fy, fnu&jkr epyrk gsa mldh vius izseh ls feyus dh bpnk v/kwjh jg tkrh gsa olrqr% LoIu gh ml my>u dk,dek= lek/kku gksrs gsaa LoIu esa gh euq"; viuh nfer bpnkvksa dh iwfrz dj dqn iyksa ds fy, lq[k dk vuqhko djrk gsa miu;kl esa fefgj 'kknh'kqnk gksus ds Mj ls lqxu/kk ds lkfk jgus ds lq[k dks izkir ugha dj ikrsa ijurq LoIu esa bl bpnk dh iwfrz vo'; dj ysrs gsaa ^^lqxu/kk us fefgj dks viuh ckgksa esa tdm+ fy;k Fkk irfkj dh ewfrz dh rjga fdruh vr`ir Fkh lk lsa,d nwljs esa lekus dh dksf'k'k djrh gqbza lk lsa bruh djhc gks tk, xh fefgj us lkspk ugha FkkA ;g vthc mùkstuk Fkh ij mùkstuk ls Hkh T;knk [kq'kha tsls >jus dk ikuh iwjs 'kjhj ij fxj jgk gs vksj iwjs cnu dks gydk eglwl 11 dj jgs gksaa** bl izdkj ge dg ldrs gsa fd LoIu,dek=,slh 'kfdr gs ftlds ek/;e ls euq"; viuh v/kwjh bpnkvksa] nfer dkeoklukvksa dh iwfrz lgt :i ls djrk gsa ogha LoIu dh flfkfr euq"; dks vkuan nsrh gsaa izse esa euq"; vius Hkhrj rjg&rjg dh dyiuk, djrk jgrk gsa vius tekus dh nqfu;k esa my>s jguk gh mls vpnk yxrk gsa mldk eu gj le; vius fiz; dks ysdj m/ksm+&cqu djus esa yxk jgrk gsa miu;kl esa fefgj lqxu/kk ds izfr izse Hkko j[krs gsaa mlds ckjs esa lksprs gsaa ^^esa ugha tkurk fd og eq>ls izse djrh gs ;k ughaa esa Hkyk mlls D;k iwnw A ;g Hkh dksbz iwnus dh ckr gsa esaus mldk gkfk dhkh ugha idm+k] idm+uk Hkh ugha pkgrka og esjs djhc csbh gs rks esa cgqr míhir gqvk dbz ckja dbz ckj bpnk gqbz gs cl mls Nwus Hkj dha Nwuk rks vkneh pk n dks Hkh pkgrk gsa og,d fnu mlls ;s lkjh ckrsa dgsaxsa dgsaxs rks og ukjkt+ gks tk,xha gks ldrk gs] ukjkt+ Hkh u gksa pqipki lqu ys vksj dqn cksys Hkh ughaa esaus lkspk bz&esy dj nw ] ;k,l-,e-,l- ;k [k+r fy[k nw A T;knk ukjkt+ gqbz rks fe=rk rksm+ nsxh 12 rksm+ nsa** bl rjg miu;kl esa,d LFkku ij uafnrk fefgj ls dgrh gs] ^^fefgj rqegkjs lkfk lcls cm+h ckr ;g gs fd rqe dyiuk esa thrs gksa ;g D;ksa ugha ns[krs fd rqegkjs ik oksa ds uhps dksbz t+ehu gs ;k ughaa fefgj ^^vxj dyiuk ls u ft, rks ;g ;FkkFkZ esjh gr;k dj 13 nsxka** bl izdkj dgk tk ldrk gs fd izseh ges'kk dyiuk esa thrk gsa dyiuk mldh ftanxh esa Qwyksa dh rjg lqxa/k Hkj nsrh gsa leiz.k Hkko ;k R;kx izse esa dqn ikus dh meehn ugha gksrh] izse esa rks viuk vki yqvkus dk Hkko gksrk gsa lkfk gh izse esa dùkzo; vfkkzr~ fteesnkjh dk Hkko fnik gksrk gsa ;gh fteesnkjh fd mlds fiz;] mlds thou lkfk dks dgha Hkh] dksbz Hkh o fdlh izdkj dh dksbz rdyhq ;k ijs'kkuh u gksa izse esa lcls cm+k /;s; vius fiz; dks lnso g lrs eqldqjkrs o lq[kh ns[kus dk gksrk gsa ;gh vkfred lq[k gs ftlesa izseh vius dks fot;h vuqhko djrk gsa ^^izse esa 'kjhj&lq[k dk dksbz egùo ughaa izse cfynku vksj R;kx ek xrk gsa og os;fdrd lq[k vksj okluk iwfrz dk vk/kkj u gksdj le; thou dks muur djus dh izsj.kk gsa izse dqn ysrk ugha] dqn nsrk gsa izseh Loa; fo"k&?kwav 14 ihdj thou ds fy, ve`r ck Vrk gsa** miu;kl esa uafnrk dk ifr fefgj Hkys gh lqxu/kk ds izfr vkd`"v gs] ijurq ;g tkurs gq, Hkh uafnrk fu%lokfkz Hkko ls mlls izse djrh jgrh gsa D;k ;g mldk leiz.k Hkko :ih izseh ugha gs\ bl izdkj ge dg ldrs gsa fd izse djus okyk vius izseh dh [kq'kh esa gh viuh [kq'kh le>rk gs vksj mls [kq'k ns[kdj gh mls vkuan dh izkfir gksrh gsa fu"d"kz % vxj ge euksfo'ys"k.kkred n`f"v ls izse n'kzu dh ckr djsa rks miu;kl esa izse dk fu'py vkreh; :i Hkh fn[kkbz nsrk gsa miu;kl esa izse fo"k;d ukjh vksj iq#"k dh ekufldrk esa vlekurk ns[kus dks feyrh gs D;ksafd ukjh vius izseh dks vkreh; :i ls ikuk pkgrh gs vksj iq#"k ds fy, izse dsoy 'kkjhfjd vkd"kz.k dk i;kz; ek= cu x;k gsa miu;kl esa ik= vius izse dks ikus dh ftthfo"kk esa HkVdrs fn[kkbz nsrs gsaa lhkh v/kwjs gsa vksj iw.kzrk dh [kkst esa HkVd jgs gsaa izseh viuh ekufld dq.bkvksa dh iwfrz LoIu o dyiuk ds ek/;e ls djrs gsa vksj blh esa mugsa vkuun dh izkfir gksrh gsa vr% miu;kl ds ik=ksa dh izse laca/kh Hkkouk, ] bpnk, ] dq.bk, lhkh euksfo'ys"k.k ds ek/;e ls iw.kz :i ls vfhko;dr gqbz gsaa emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

50 lunhkz xzafk lwph 1- cvjksgh]] ^dgkuh dh jpuk izfø;k vksj Lo:i*] i` 'kkfur Hkkj}kt] ^fgunh miu;kl& izse vksj thou*] i` foey dqekj] ^pk vkleku MkWV dkwe* (ewy iqlrd)] i` ogh] i` ogh] i` ogh] i` ogh] i` ljkst izdk'k] ^L=h&iq#"k laca/kksa ds vkbzaus esa eksgu jkds'k*] i` foey dqekj] ^pk vkleku MkWV dkwe* (ewy iqlrd)] i`- 62& ogh] i` ogh] i` ogh] i` ogh] i` 'kkfur Hkkj}kt] ^fgunh miu;kl& izse vksj thou*] i`- 128& emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

51 jktlfkku esa vkfnokfl;ksa dh izeq[k lel;k,oa lek/kku% lgfj;k tutkfr ds fo'ks"k lanhkz esa fo".kq dqekj 'kekz 'kks/kkfkhz] jktlfkku fo'ofo ky;] t;iqj 'kks/k Lkkjka'k vktknh ds brus lkyks ckn Hkh Hkkjr esa vkfnoklh misf{kr] 'kksf"kr vksj ihfmr utj vkrs gsa vkfnoklh fdlh jkt; ;k {ks= esa ugh cfyd iwjs ns'k esa QsSys gsa ty] taxy] tehu dks ysdj budk 'kks"k.k fujurj pyk vk jgk gsa o"kksz ls 'kksf"kr jgs lekt ds fy, ifjflfkfr;k vkt Hkh d"vizn vksj lel;k,a cgqr vf/kd gsa ;s lel;k,s izkd`frd gksus ds lkfk&lkfk ekuotfur Hkh gksrh gsa,slh gh dqn lel;k,sa jktlfkku esa fuokl djus okyh lgfj;k tutkfr mbk jgh gs ftudh izeq[k lel;k,as& ½.kxzLrrk ] Hkwfe glrkurj.k] xjhch] csjkstxkjh ] LokLF; ] f'k{kk] lapkj br;kfn jgh gsaa gkykfd ljdkj us le; ij bu lel;kvksa ls fuivus ds fy, dms dne mbk;s gs] ijurq ;g i;kzir ugh gsa vkt vkfnoklh lel;k nqfu;k esa,d fo'ks"k lkekftd] vkffkzd] LkkaLd`frd vksj jktusfrd fopkj foe'kz dk fcunq gks xbz gsa ladsrk{kj % vkfne] nfjnzukjk;.k ] lsgj] nfyr] lo.kz] lhrkckmh efunj] LFkkukUrfjr d`f"k] O;kolkf;d f'k{kk] xka/khoknh fopkj/kkjka vkfnoklh gekjs ns'k ds ewy fuoklh gsa izkphu Hkkjrh; lh;rk] lald`fr,oa bfrgkl dh cgqewy; /kjksgj ds :i esa mugksaus viuk ^^vkfn:i** izkphu ls vokzphu ;qx rd latks ds j[kk gsa ;g Hkh dvq lr; gs fd bu yksxksa dh lkekftd vksj vkffkzd flfkfr vr;f/kd n;uh; jgh gsa bugksaus lnso gh vusd izdkj ds 'kks"k.k vksj mrihm+u dk f'kdkj gksuk im+k gsa lekt ds 'kqhkfpardksa o leiuu yksxksa us lkekftd 1 eku;rk,sa vksj ijeijk bl izdkj cuk nh gs fd budk O;fDrRo fodkl ugha gks ik jgk gsa gfjtu o nfjnzukjk;.k tsls 'kcn Hkkjrh; fopkjk/kkjk esa Xkka/khokn ds lkfk izfo"v gq,a buds lkfk&lkfk L=h o tutkfr dh oafprksa esa 'kkfey fd;s x,a bu 'kcnksa esa lgkuqhkwfr gs] vksj xka/khoknh fopkj/kkjk ls lksps rks ln~hkkouk Hkh gsa lgkuqhkwfr o ln~hkkouk ds ckn dsoy ljksdkj gh 'ks"k jg tkrk gsa ljksdkj dk lanhkz tutkfr;ksa ls lo.kkzsa ds ljksdkj vksj nfyrksa dk nfyrksa ls ljksdkj bu nksuksa ls vyx djrk gsa ljksdkj esa v?kksf"kr :i jktuhfr fufgr gsa ;g jktuhfr Lora=rk ds ckn vc rd dbz ckj fxjfxv dh rjg jax cny jgh gsa 'kkgth egkjkt ls ysdj egkrek Qqys rd nfyrksa ls buds ljksdkj ds fparu esa uh;r dh bzekunkjh cgqr Li"V gs fd vecsm+dj dh bzekunkjh vksj uh;r esa dksbz 'kd ugha 2 fd;k tk ldrk ijurq muds fpuru esa izfrfø;k ckj&ckj yf{kr dh tk ldrh gsa ns'k ds vkfnokfl;ksa esa ^lgfj;k* dks Hkh eq[; LFkku feyk gsa bugsa ^vuqlwfpr tutkfr* dh Js.kh esa j[kk x;k gsa ;s tutkfr jktlfkku ds ckjka ftys ds 'kkgckn o fd'kuxat rglhy ds xkaoksa esa eq[; :i ls fuokl djrh gsa ckgqy; dh n`f"v ls ;g tutkfr e/;&izzns'k ds mùkj&if'pe Hkkx esa fuokl djrh gsa 1981 dh tux.kuk esa lgfj;k dh tula[;k gks xbz rfkk 1991 esa ;g c<dj gks xbza 2001 esa Fkh tks 2011 esa emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

52 gks xbz] tks jkt; dh dqy tula[;k dk 1-09 izfr'kr gsa lgfj;k 'kcn Qkjlh ds ^lsgj* 'kcn ls mriuu ekuk tkrk gs ftldk vfhkizk; taxy esa fuokl djus ls gsa ns'k dh vktknh ds la?k"kz ls ysdj vkt rd vkfnokfl;ksa dks eq[;/kkjk esa ykus ds fy, i`fkddj.k] foyhuhdj.k vksj,dhdj.k tslh izfø;kvksa ls xqtjus ds ckn Hkh vkfnoklh ogh dk ogh gs] tgk igys FkkA dqn ckrsa u;h gqbz gs fd os dksu gs\ ;s oklrfodrk gs ;k ekufldrk! os nfyr gs ugha\ vxj os nfyr gs rks 3 muds lkekftd mipkj dh :ijs[kk D;k gks\ vkfna lgfj;kvksa ds le{k eq[; lel;k, tutkfr;ksa yksxksa dk vkffkzd n`f"vdks.k xsj&tutkfr ds yksxksa ls fhkuu gsaa ;s mihkksx dh vfkzo;oklfkk esa T;knk fo'okl j[krs gs u dh lap; esaa dy dh ijokg fd;s cxsj ljy] lknk thou thrs gsa ysfdu budh vufhkkrk rfkk izd`fr ij vkfjr gksus ds dkj.k vkffkzd foinkvksa dk lkeuk djuk im+k gs] tks fueu izdkj gs%& xjhch Hkh budh izeq[k lel;k jgh gsa izkd`frd olrqvksa ds /khjs&/khjs âkl gksus rfkk mriknu fof/k esa vufhkkrk budh xjhch dk izeq[k dkj.k jgka lgfj;k o vu; vkfne tutkfr;ksa dh fuj{kjrk] vkkurk dk ykhk mbkdj bulsa euekuk C;kt olwyk tkrk gs ftlds pyrs ;s lfn;ksa ls cu/kqvk thou th jgs gsa,d vksj tg k ou;&leink dk nksgu gks jgk gs ogh nwljh vksj tutkfr; tula[;k esa o`f¼ gksrh tk jgh gsa ftlds pyrs vkffkzd lel;k vksj tfvy gksrh tk jgh gsa,d vksj tgk lgfj;k tutkfr dh tula[;k 1961 esa Fkh ogh c<+dj 2011 esa gks xbza jktlfkku dh dqy tula[;k esa tutkfr; tula[;k dk 12-6 izfr'kr Hkkx gsa fczfv'k ljdkj us taxy dkuwu vf/kfu;e ikfjr dj tutkfr;ksa ds ouksa ds,dkf/kdkj dks lekir dj budh vfkzo;olfkk dks Bsl igqpkbz gsa csfj;j,fyou us Hkh ekuk gs fd ^^budh lel;kvksa dk dkj.k budk Hkwfe ls oafpr gksuk gsa** lgfj;k tutkfr vkt NksVs&NksVs dlcksa esa tkdj csynkjh djus dks eksgrkt gsa fokku,oa izks/kksfxdh ds bl pdkpksa/k ;qx esa tutkfr;ksa dks i`fkd ugh j[kk tk ldrk gsa ;krk;kr o lapkj ds lk/kuksa ds ek/;e ls ;s yksx ckgjh nqfu;k ds leidz esa vk;sa ijurq budks Hkk"kk] f'k{kk] O;kikj o jkstxkj dh lel;kvksa us?ksj fy;ka ljdkjh dezpkjh ls ysdj taxy ds Bsdsnkj] lsb&lgwdkjksa us buds 'kks"k.k esa dksbz deh ugh j[kha Bsdsnkjksa us de etnwjh nsdj rks lsb&lkgqdkjksa us euekuk C;kt olwy dj ds budks dtksz esa nck;s j[kka if.mr&eksyfo;ksa us budks ges'kk ghu n`f"v ls ns[kk vksj nfyr&lo.kksza dh [kkbz isnk dha f'k{kk esa deh budh eq[; lel;k jgha budh vkkurk gh buds 'kks"k.k dk izeq[k dkj.k jgh jktlfkku esa lgfj;k tutkfr dh lk{kjrk nj 1991 ds vuqlkj 6-61 izfr'kr jgh ftuesa iq#"k lk{kjrk o fl=;k 0-29 izfr'kr lk{kj FkhA tutkfr; lekt ges'kk ls gh tknw&vksuks esa fo'okl djrk vk;k gs vksj blh dks vius mipkj dk ek/;e cuk j[kk gsaa taxyh tm+h&cwfv;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk Fkk tks vk;qoszn i¼fr ls lecfu/kr gsa ijurq fqj Hkh vu/kfo'okl lokzsifj gsa vkt ds bl nksj esa vu/kfo'okl dks lekir dj vk/kqfud fpfdrlk i¼fr ls voxr djkuk vfuok;z gsa orzeku lh;rk ds leidz esa vkus ds dkj.k budh ydm+h dh dykdkfjrk dk yksi gksrk tk jgk gsa vc cktkjksa esa e'khuksa ls cuh olrq;sa HkM+dhyh] pedhyh llrs nj ij feyus yxh gsa rstkth lgfj;ksa ds lokzf/kd yksdfiz; nsork gs] okyehfd nso dks lgfj;k fir`&iq#"k ekurs gq, Lo;a dks mudh larku crkrs gsaa lgfj;kvksa dk rhfkzlfky ^lhrkckm+h&efunj* gsa ijurq vk/kqfud& pdkpksa/k vksj if'peh lh;rk ds izhkko ds pyrs /kkfezd fo'oklksa o dekzdk.mksa esa deh ns[kh tk ldrh gsa vkre lk{kkrdj.k dh izfø;k lfn;ksa ls pyh vk jgh gsa tutkfr; lekt dks o`gr lekt ds lkfk rnkre; gh budh lel;kvksa ds lek/kku dk dkj.k cu ldrk gsa tutkfr ds ckgjh lekt ds lkfk leidz ds ckjs esa erkurj jgs gsaa taxyksa ls fudydj dlck vksj 'kgjksa dh vksj iyk;u djus okyh tutkfr;ksa dk lekt esa jgdj viuk 4 otwn ikus ds fy, /kekzurj.k djuk im+ jgk gsa fofhkuurk esa,drk Hkkjr dh fo'ks"krk jgh gsa ijurq bldh egkurk vunj ls fuczy izrhr gksrh gs vli`';rk ml ijeijkxr eukshkko rfkk O;ogkj izfreku dk izrhd gsa ftls vuqlkj iape oxz ds 048 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

53 lnl; vnwr u Nwus ;ksx; gsa bls,d lkekftd cqjkbz cuk;s j[kus esa lo.kz yksxksa dk ;ksxnku gsa taxyksa ls fudydj 'kgjksa esa vkdj fuokl dj jgh gsa ijurq bl fodv lel;k dk Hkh lkeuk djuk im+ jgk gsa tutkfr;ksa dh lel;kvksa ds lek/kku ds mik; vkffkzd lel;kkvksa dk lek/kku % tu&tkfr;ksa ds izr;sd ifjokj ds fy, Hkwfe nh tkuh pkfg, lkfk gh vpnh rduhfd ;qdr d`f"k dh tkudkjh nsuh pkfg,a d`f"k dss fy, [kkn] cht o d`f"k midj.kksa dh O;oLFkk dh tkuh pkfg,a vko';d gks rks d`f"k lgk;rk jkf'k nsuh pkfg,a LFkkukUrfjr d`f"k dk vur gksuk pkfg,a tu&tkfr;ksa dks y?kq rfkk x`g&m ksx dh i;kzir tkudkjh nsuh pkfg,a dke ds?k.vs osru fuf'pr djuk pkfg,a tutkfr {ks=ksa esa lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks izksrlkfgr fd;k tkuk pkfg,a tutkfr;ksa Nk=ksa dks i;kzir f'k{kk ds volj iznku fd;s tkus pkfg,a,slh izfkkvksa dks dkuwuu :i ls lekir dj nsuk pkfg, tks csxkj dks c<+kok nsrh gsa tutkfr;ksa dks vkffkzd lgk;rk ds vfrfjdr fcuk C;kt ds ½.k nsus dh O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg,] ftlls os egktuksa o lkgwdkjksa ds 'kks"k.k ls cp ldsa lkekftd lel;kvksa dk lek/kku lgfj;k o vu; tutkfr;ksa esa cky&fookg vf/kd ikbz tkrh gsa vr% bls dkuwu cukdj o tuker rs;kj dj [kre fd;k tkuk pkfg,a du;k ewy; dks yksder ds ek/;e ls gh nwj fd;k tk ldrk gsa 'kgjksa esa edkuksa dh O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg, rkfd lgfj;k o vu; vkfne tkfr ogka jg dj Je dj lds] cppksa dks i<+kdj mudk Hkfo"; cuk ldsa tutkfr; yksxksa dh vkffkzd n'kk vpnh gksus ij os';ko`fr ij vius vki gh vadq'k yx ldsxka LokLF; lecfu/k lel;kvksa dk lek/kku tutkfr; {ks=ksa esa py fpfdrlky;ksa dh O;oLFkk dh tkuh pkfg,a lkeku; nokvksa dk Kku tutkfr; yksxksa dks fn;k tkuk pkfg,a tutkfr; Nk=ksa dks fpfdrlk f'k{kk iznku dh tkuh pkfg,a tutkfr; leqnk; taxyh tm+h&cwfv;ksa esa dkqh fo'okl djrh gsa vr% tm+h&cwfv;ksa ds lecu/k esa oskkfud fo'ys"k.k gksus pkfg,a,sls dne ugha mbkus pkfg, ftuls muds nsfud thou dks] mudh vknrksa] lkald`frd izfkkvksa dks /kddk yxs vksj muds LoLFk thou dks gkfu igqpasa f'k{kk lecu/kh lel;kvksa dk lek/kku tutkfr;ksa dks mudh viuh Hkk"kk esa f'k{kk nsuh pkfg,a fdrkch f'k{kk ds lkfk&lkfk O;kolkf;d f'k{kk Hkh nh tkuh pkfg,a vkeksn&izeksn ds lk/kuksa dk mfpr izcu/k gksuk pkfg,a u`r;] laxhr] [ksy fofhkuu tutkfr; euksjatu lqyhk gksus pkfg,a vpnh f'k{kk dk izlkj gks ftlls tutkfr;ksa esa c<+ jgk /kez ifjorzu dk flyflyk :d ldsa lkald`frd lel;kvksa dk lek/kku tutkfr;ksa dks mudh gh Hkk"kk esa f'k{kk nh tkuh pkfg, ftlls muesa viuh lald`fr ds izfr yxko cuk jgsa vksj oks v{{kq.k o fujurj cuh jgsa tutkfr; yfyr dykvksa dks izksrlkgu fd;k tkuk pkfg,a f'k{kk }kjk tutkfr; /kkfezd dv~vjrk dks,d oskkfud Lrj ij ykus dk iz;kl fd;k tkuk pkfg,a vu; lq>ko lafo/kku vksj iz'kklu }kjk tutkfr;ksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, ftu laj{k.kksa dh O;oLFkk dh xbz gs] mugsa izhkkoh :i ls vey esa yk;k tkuk pkfg,a dy;kdkjh ;kstuk, % dsunzh; o jkt; ljdkjksa us le; ij fo'ks"k dy;k.kdkjh ;kstukvksa dk fø;kuo;u fd;k gs ijurq ;s vkfne lekt vkt Hkh fodkl ds ml ifk dh vksj vxzlj ugha gs] tgk ds fy, os okafnr gsa vuqla/kku lalfkk, % vusd vuqla/kku lalfkk,a vkfne tkfr ij 'kks/k dj jgh gsa blls tutkfr;ksa dk thou iwokzis{kk cgqr vpnk gksrk tk jgk gs] ijurq vhkh Hkh 5 cgqr dqn djuk 'ks"k gsa vc rd lgfj;k tutkfr o vu; vkfne tutkfr;ksa dh lel;kvksa ds lek/kku [kkstus ds tks iz;ruk gq, gs os vf/kdka'kr% jktuhfrd vfkok Hkkoqdrkiw.kZ gh jgs gsa lgfj;k o vu; vkfne tutkfr ds fgrksa dks izknsf'kd rfkk jk"vªh; fgrksa ls lec¼,oa larqfyr djus dh fuf'pr dk;z iz.kkyh fodflr djus dh fn'kk esa vf/kd fopkj ugha fd;k x;k gsa vc ;g vfr vko';d gks x;k gs fd ge vkfnoklh fgrksa ds laj{k.k rfkk mudh lkald`fr;ksa ds osf'k"v; vksj thou 'kfdr dks cuk, emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

54 j[kus ds iz;ruksa ds lkfk ;g Hkh fopkj djsa fd fouk'kdkjh lkald`frd izhkkoksa ls mugsa cpk, j[kdj Hkh muds lkfk {ks=h;,oa jk"vªh; fodkl dh ;kstukvksa esa fdl rjg lkeatl; LFkkfir fd;k tk ldrk gsa lekt oskkfudksa vksj lekt lsodksa us vkfnoklh lel;kvksa ds Lora= vflrro dks gh Lohdkj ugha fd;k gsa muds fopkj esa ^rfkkdffkr vkfnoklh lel;k* xzkeh.k Hkkjr dh O;kid lel;k dk gh,d vax ek= gsa lgfj;k o vu; vkfne leqnk; dh lel;kvksa ds lek/kku ds fy, lektlsoh lalfkkvksa dks ;q¼ Lrj ij iz;kl djuk gksxk] jktuhfrd iz;kl Hkh fd;s tkus pkfg, blds lkfk&lkfk /kkfezd vkanksyu Hkh gksus pkfg,a vusd vkfnoklh laxbu cuus pkfg, tks viuh izeq[k lel;kvksa dks voxr djk ldsa buds fodkl vksj dy;k.k ds fy, dk;kzfuor gksus okyh 'kkldh;] v¼z'kkldh;,oa Lora= ;kstuk;sa bzekunkjh ls ykxw gksa lanhkz xzufk lwph 1- JhokLro] MkW- jf'e & lgfj;k tutkfr lkfgr;,oa lald`fr] iap'khy izdk'ku] t;iqj] laldj.k izfke&2012] i`-la pks/kjh,l-,u-,o- fejk euh"k & vkfnoklh fodkl miyfc/k;k,oa pquksfr;k ] Hkkx&1] izdk'ku&dkwuls V ifcyf'kax deiuh izk-fy- ubz fnyyh] laldj.k izfke&2012] i`-la 'kadj] MkW- foosd & lgfj;k lekt,oa lald`fr] izdk'ku& jktlfkku fgunh xzufk vdkneh] izfke laldj.k&2014] i`-la nqcs] MkW- fxfjtk izlkn] Hkkjrh; tutkfr] u`oskkfud n`f"v esa] izdk'ku& okbzvy ifcyds'kul ykydksbh] t;iqj laldj.k] izfke&2010] i`-la- 170& eh.kk dkurk,oa eh.kk gsejkt] Hkkjrh; lekt esa vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr,oa finm+k oxz] izdk'ku& vkfn ifcyds'kul] t;iqj] izfke laldj.k&2014] i`la- 170& emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

55 izkbe Vkbe&uks Vkbe MkW- 'kkfgn vyh 'kks/k funs'kd] dq'kkhkkå Bkdjs i=dkfjrk,oa tulapkj fo'ofo ky;] jk;iqj (NÙkhlx<+) vo/ks'k fejk 'kks/kkfkhz] dq'kkhkkå Bkdjs i=dkfjrk,oa tulapkj fo'ofo ky;] jk;iqj (NÙkhlx<+) 'kks/k Lkkjka'k Hkkjr ns'k ds çfke çèkkuea=h iafmr tokgjyky usg# us dgk Fkk ^^yksxksa dks txkus ds fy;s&efgykvksa dk tkx`r gksuk t#jh gsaþ,d ckj tc oks viuk dne mbk ysrh gs] ifjokj vkxs c<+rk gs] xk o vkxs c<+rk gs vksj jk"vª fodkl dh vksj mueq[k gksrk gsanjvly Hkkjr ns'k esa dqy Vsyhfotu n'kzdksa dh vkèkh la[;k vksj vkèkh vkcknh efgykvksa dh gs] ckotwn blds efgykvksa dks çkbe Vkbe lekpkjksa esa de LFkku feyus dh rlohj vklkuh ls ns[kus dks fey jgh gsa 02 tqykbz 2018 ls 'kq: gksus okys ikap fnuksa ds fy, çkbe Vkbe jkr 08 ls cts ds chp jk"vªh; vksj çknsf'kd Lrj ij çlkfjr rhu&rhu çeq[k fgunh lekpkj psuyksa ij U;wt+,adj] isufylvksa ds :i esa efgykvksa dh la[;k egt Qhlnh gs ] tcfd çknsf'kd Lrj ij rks flfkfr vksj Hkh cqjh gsa çknsf'kd Lrj ij ;g la[;k egt Qhlnh gh gsa vkdm+ksa dks ysdj tc çfrfufèk;ksa ls ckr dh xbz rks mudk dguk gsa fd vkdm+s pksdkus okys gsa],sls vkdm+ksa ds funku ds fy, rkrdkfyd :i ls dne mbk;k tkuk pkfg,a ladsrk{kj % çkbevkbe] efgykdks de LFkku] çeq[k fgunh lekpkj psuy] çknsf'kd Lrj ds lekpkj psuy] pksdkus okys vkdm+ssa ns'k dh vk/kh vkcknh dk izfrfuf/kro djus okyh efgykvksa dks blh ns'k us jk"vªifr tsls lokszpp LFkku ij csbk;k gs] rks ogha,d nksj ;g Hkh fd jk"vªifr] yksdlhkk v/;{k],d jk"vªh; jktuhfrd dh ny v/;{k lfgr dbz jkt;ksa esa eq[;ea=h rd ds in ij efgyk,a leeku ls dkfct FkhA yksdra= ds pksfks vk/kkj ehfm;k esa Hkh le; ij efgykvksa ds vksj U;k; dh ckr dks ysdj ppkz,a dh tkrh gsa dbz egroiw.kz eqn~ns ij efgykvksa dh jk; ^,tsamk&lsfvax* dk Hkh dk;z djrh gs] exj vkidks ;g tkudj gsjkuh gksxh fd ns'khkj esa vksj [kkldj ds e/;izns'k vksj NRrhlx<+ ds ehfm;k esa efgykvksa dh Hkwfedk yxhkx xks.k gsa os iq:"kksa ds eqdkcys vc Hkh Qhlnh ihns gsa njvly ns'k lfgr e/;izns'k vksj NRrhlx<+ ds psuyksa esa izkbe Vkbe jkr 8 ls 10%30 cts rd izlkfjr gksus okys fdlh Hkh fo"k; (jktuhfr] vfkzo;olfkk] f'k{kk&loklf;] jkstxkjh&csjkstxkjh] U;k;&/keZ] j{kk&leeku) ij gksus okyh pksfkh cgl ij efgykvksa dh 'kk;n gh jk; yh tkrh gsa 02 tqykbz 2018 ls 'kq: gksus okys ikap fnukaas ds fy, izkbe Vkbe jkr 8 ls 10%30 cts ds chp jk"vªh; Lrj ij izlkfjr rhu izeq[k lekpkj psuy (,umhvhoh bafm;k] vkt rd vksj,chih U;wt) lfgr e/;izns'k NRrhlx<+ esa izlkfjr 03 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

56 i z e q [ k l e k p k j p S u y ( v k b Z c h l h & 2 4 ] th&e/;izns'k&nrrhlx<+] U;wt&18 e/;izns'k& NRrhlx<+) ij U;wt,adj] isufylvksa (fvii.khdkj@ izodrk@fo'ks"kk) ds :i esa fn[kkbz nsus okys iq:"kksa vksj efgykvksa dh x.kuk dh xbz gsa jk"vªh; Lrj ij izlkfjr rhuksa lekpkj psuyksa esa iq:"k dh rqyuk esa efgyk,a vhkh Hkh Qhlnh ihns gs] tc fd ckr vxj fo'ks"kk ds :i esa djsa rks pksdkus okys vkadm+s lkeus vk, gsaa vkadm+ksa ds vuqlkj rhu izeq[k jk"vªh; lekpkj psuyksa esa bl vof/k esa fo'ks"kk@isufylv ds :i esa fn[kkbz nsus okyksa esa efgykvksa dh la[;k egt Qhlnh gs] tc fd iq:"kksa dh la[;k Qhlnh] eryu iq:"kksa dh rqyuk esa vc Hkh Qhlnh efgyk isufylvksa dh la[;k de gsa gkykafd efgykvksa dks ns'k esa vk/kh vkcknh ekuk x;k gsa blh izdkj ckr vxj e/;izns'k&nrrlhx<+ esa izlkfjr 3 izeq[k psuyksa dh djsa rks efgykvksa dh rqyuk eas Qhlnh vf/kd iq:"k (19 efgykvksa dh rqyuk esa dqy 142 iq:"k) bl vof/k ds nksjku Vsyhfotu ij fn[kkbz fn,a ehfm;k izlkj.k dk ;g :i efgykvksa ds fopkjksa dks de izfrfuf/kro nsus dk ladsr gsa jk"vªh; Lrj ij Vsyhfotu n'kzdksa dh la[;k djksm+ksa esa gs vksj,sls esa djksm+ksa n'kzdks ds lkfk ns'k&izns'k dh izkbe Vkbe Vhoh U;wt ij is'ksoj efgykvksa dh vuns[kh vksj vulquh dh tk jgh gsa jk"vªh; Lrj ij ns'k dks vkokt nsus vksj O;oLFkkvksa dks lgh vkbzuk fn[kkus dk nahk Hkjus okys rhu lekpkj psuyksa ij izkbe Vkbe esa efgykvksa dks feyus okys izfrfuf/kro efgyk iz/kku ns'k vksj lekt ds lksp dks] liuksa dks pdukpwj djus ds fy, dkqh gsa ^,umhvhoh bafm;k* esa rks bl vof/k esa 22 dh rqyuk esa egt 05 efgykvksa dks gh LFkku fn;k x;k] tc fd vkt rd psuy ij ;g la[;k 7 dh rqyuk esa egt 01 ij gh flev tkrh gs] rks ogha vkidks vkxs j[kus dk fo'okl fnykus okys ^,chih U;wt* esa ;g la[;k 'kwu; ds eqdkcys 'kwu; gh gsa eryc ^,chih U;wt* ij bl vof/k esa fdlh Hkh odrk@izodrk ;k isuy dks LFkku ugha fn;k x;k] flqz,adj gh bl nksjku fn[kkbz fn,a jk"vªo;kih eqn~nksa ds lkfk vksj O;oLFkkvksa dks vkbzuk fn[kkus dk nkok djus okys nks cm+s lekpkj psuyksa ^U;wt 18 e/;inz 's k&nrrhlx<*+ vkjs ^th e/;inz 's k&nrrhlx<*+ ij izkbe fmcsv vksj vkidh vkokt esa efgykvksa dh lghkkfxrk uk ds cjkcj dk;zøe gsa vkidks tkudj gsjkuh gksxh fd ^th e/;izns'k&nrrhlx<+* ij vkidh vkokt esa,d Hkh efgyk us izfrfuf/kro ugha fd;k] tcfd ^U;wt&18 e/;izns'k&nrrhlx<*+ ij iwjs ikap fnuksa ds izkbe fmcsv esa 39 iq:"kksa dh rqyuk esa dsoy 01 efgyk dks gh LFkku feyk gsa e/;izns'k&nrrhlx<+ ds rhu izeq[k lekpkj psuyksa ij fyaxkuqlkj,adj vksj isufylvksa ij,d utj % vkbzchlh&240 fnukad % ls rd le; dk;zøe,adj@isufylv efgyk iq:"k 8-00 ls 9-00 vkidh ckr ls 9-30 gej NRrhlx< ls esjk e/;izns'k ls [kcj pqukoh gs emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

57 th&e/;izns'k&nrrhlx<+ le; efgyk iq:"k 8-00 ls 9-00 vkidh vkokt ls 9-30 izkbe Vkbe ls th Lis'ky ls lqij QkLV U;wt&18 e/;izns'k&nrrhlx<+ le; efgyk iq:"k 8-00 ls 9-00 izkbe fmcsv ls 9-30 U;wt&18 izkbe ls r rh'k ls [kcjsa nuknu ,adj@iSufyLVksa dh dqy la[;k ¾ 161 efgyk izfrfuf/k;ksa dh la[;k ¾ 19 (11-80 Qhlnh) iq:"k izfrfuf/k;ksa dh la[;k ¾ 142 (88-19 Qhlnh) jk"vªh; Lrj ij izlkfjr rhu izeq[k psuyksa ij fyaxkuqikr,adj vksj isufylvksa ij,d utj%& fnukad ls rd,umhvhoh bafm;k le; dk;zøe,adj@isufylv efgyk iq:"k 8-00 ls 8-30 jk.kuhfr ls 9-00 fe'ku ls izkbe Vkbe ls us'kuy fjiksvzj vktrd le; dk;zøe,adj@isufylv efgyk iq:"k 8-10 ls 9-00 Lis'ky fjiksvz ls [kcjnkj ls [kcjsa 10 rd emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

58 ,chih U;wt le; efgyk iq:"k 8-00 ls 8-30 ok;jy le ls 9-00 vkt dh rkjh[k ls eklvj LVªksd ls 10-30?kaVh ctkvksaa dh dqy la[;k ¾ 90 efgyk izfrfuf/k;ksa dh la[;k ¾ 34 & (37-11 Qhlnh) iq:"k izfrfuf/k;ksa dh la[;k ¾ 56 & (62-22 Qhlnh) bu vkadm+ksa ls lpeqp gsjkuh gksrh gs fd izkbe Vkbe esa vc Hkh fofhkuu fo"k;ksa ij fopkj j[kus esa iq:"kksa dk ncnck gs] tcfd vk/kh vkcknh ds vuqlkj fo'ks"kk ds :i esa efgykvksa dh Hkwfedk de ls de 50 Qhlnh gksuh pkfg,a exj v/;;u eas lekpkj ius ykas ds ikz be Vkbe eas efgykvkas ds detkjs ifz rfuf/kro dks n'kkrz k gas ^ikiqys'ku QLVZ* vksj ^dslh dkwyst* dh vxqokbz esa fd, x, v/;;u esa vk/ks ls vf/kd mrrjnkrkvksa dh ;g jk; Fkh fd isufylvksa ds p;u esa fyax,d fu.kkz;d dkj.k ugha gsa ysfdu Qhlnh mrrjnkrkvksa us dgk fd isufylvksa dh ^miflfkfr* egroiw.kz Hkwfedk fuhkkrh gsa 2015 esa Hkkjr esa ehfm;k vksj fyax ij ^bavjus'kuy QsMjs'ku vkwq tuzfylv losz{k.k* ls irk pyrk gs fd dsoy 6-34 Qhlnh mrrjnkrkvksa dk ekuuk gs fd lekpkj dk;zøeksa esa efgykvksa dks fo'ks"kkksa@usrkvksa ds :i esa n'kkz;k x;k FkkA tcfd Qhlnh mrrjnkrkvksa dk dguk Fkk fd mugsa ihfm+rksa ds :i esa fpf=r fd;k x;k FkkA tc bl v/;;u ds vkadm+s vksj fu"d"kz dks ysdj MkW;jsDVj@,adj@iSufyLVksa ls ppkz dh xbz rks bl izdkj dh ckrsa lkeus vkbza lrh'k flag (vkbzchlh&24) & crksj lgk;d laiknd vksj izkbe Vkbe rs;kj djus okys lrh'k flag dk ekuuk gs fd lozjs"b fo'ks"kkksa dh ryk'k ysafxd larqyu izkfkfedrk ugha gksrha fyax ij /;ku fn, fcuk gh lozjs"b odrkvksa dh ryk'k esa jgrs gsa vksj O;kikj] forr] jktuhfr] vijk/k] vkffkzd eqn~nksa ij efgyk fo'ks"kkksa dk feyuk FkksM+k eqf'dy gksrk gsa lkfk gh ;g Hkh dgrs gsa fd i=dkfjrk esa efgykvksa dh deh gs vksj ;g Hkh iwokzxzg gs fd efgykvksa dh rqyuk esa iq:"k,adj ;k isufylv gkmz U;wt dks csgrj rjhds ls izlrqr dj ldrs gsaa lkfk gh efgyk,adj ;k isufylv [kqn Hkh gkmz U;wt ls cprh gsa iz'kklfud&økbe ds eqn~nksa ij Hkh cpuk buds LoHkko esa 'kqekj gsa ogha bl lel;k ds futkr ds loky ij dgrs gsa fd efgyk izlrqrdrkzvksa dks [kqn ds vanj cnyko ykuk gksxk] fu.kkz;d inksa ij vkuk gksxk] mugsa lcls igyss daqvz tksu ls ckgj fudyuk gksxk vksj bu lc ls igys esustesav dks Hkh efgyk izlrqrdrkz ds izfr utfj;k cnyuk gksxk] bugsa eksdk nsuk gksxk rhkh ge bl fefkd dks rksm+ ik;saxs fd efgykvksa dh rqyuk esa iq:"k csgrj izlrqrdrkz gksrs gsaa lqizhr dksj (vkbzchlh&24) & lhfu;j U;wt,adj lqizhr dksj dgrh gs fd izknsf'kd Lrj ij tks ubz efgyk,adj gksrh gs oks [kqn dks [kcjksa esa T;knk 'kkfey ugha djrh] mugsa flqz vius cqysfvu ls eryc gksrk gsa [kcjksa dks ysdj ppkz djus ls gh tkudkjh c<+rh gs vksj tkudkjh ls fo'okl c<+rk gsa lkfk gh ;g Hkh dgrh gs fd gkmz U;wt ij efgykvksa dh idm+ FkksM+k detksj gksrh gsa fmcsv 'kks esa Hkh fo"ke ifjflfkfr;ksa esa efgyk,adj FkksM+h detksj utj vkrh gs vksj ;gh izeq[k otg gs fd efgyk,adj ;k isufylvksa dks iq:"k ds rqyuk esa FkksM+k de egro fn;k tkrk gsa 054 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

59 lel;k ds lek/kku ds iz'u ij lqizhr dgrh gs fd lcls igys ubz,adjksa dks vius vki esa fo'okl txkuk gksxk fd os csgrj dj ldrh gsa lkfk gh tkudkjh izlrqr djus ds fy, i<+uk&fy[kuk vksj fo"k;ksa dks ysdj ppkz djuk gksxka exj nks tks lcls T;knk t:jh gs og gs lalfkku dk Hkjkslk vksj eksdk] vxj lalfkku ds vuqhkoh csgrj rjhds ls Vsªsfuax nsdj] eukscy c<+kdj eksdk ns rks fuf'pr rksj ij efgyk,adj Hkh csgrj dj ldrh gsa T;ksfr flag (vkbzchlh&24) & lhfu;j,adj T;ksfr dgrh gs fd v[kckjksa dk pyu vc Vsyhfotu esa Hkh vk pqdk gsa tsls v[kckj esa laikndh; fy[kus dh fteesnkjh izeq[k :i ls laiknd] lg&laiknd] lgk;d laiknd ;k vfrffk laikndksa dk gksrk gs vksj mugsa gh rcttksa fn;k tkrk gsa mlh izdkj ls Vsyhfotu esa izkbe Vkbe izlrqr djus ds fy, mlh Lrj ds yksxksa dks izkfkfedrk nh tkrh gsa izknsf'kd Lrj ij dqn vioknksa dks NksM+dj lhkh psuyksa ds laiknd Lrj ds gh yksx izkbe Vkbe esa vius vkidks izlrqr djrs gsaa tc fd efgyk,adj rs;kj gs izkbe Vkbe ds fy, cl eksdk feyuk pkfg,a ogh isufylvksa esa efgykvksa dh de la[;k ij T;ksfr dk ekuuk gs fd efgyk,a vius vki dks FkksM+k fjtoz j[krh gs fdlh Hkh VkWfid ij cksyus ;k ppkz esa Hkkx ysus ls igys mlds xq.k&nks"k ij fopkj djrh gsa lel;k ds lek/kku ds loky ij dgrh gs fd vc /khjs&/khjs odr cny jgk gsa jk"vªh; ehfm;k dk vlj tyn gh izknsf'kd Lrj ij Hkh ns[kus dks feysxka blh rjg ls ^U;wt&18 e/;izns'k&nrrhlx<*+ dh J¼k 'kekz] js.kq ;kno] tkfleu 'kekz] ^th e/;izns'k& NRrhlx<+* dh izkph ijklj] ft;k 'kekz dk ekuuk gs fd rs;kj csbh gs mugsa cl,d eksdk feyuk pkfg,a mugsa fo'okl gs fd os iq:"kksa dh rqyuk esa dgha ls Hkh derj izlrqfr ugha nsaxha budk ;g Hkh ekurk gs fd efgyk,adlz dks FkksM+h xzqfeax] Vªsfuax dh vko';drk gs vksj lkfk gh tkudkjh dh vxj bu rhu ckrksa dks izkfkfedrk ls iwjk dj fy;k tk, rks og fnu nwj ugha tc izkbe Vkbe fmcsv 'kks esa flqz efgyk,adlz gh utj vk,axha ogh efgyk isufylvksa ds eqn~ns ij dgrh gs fd efgyk,a FkksM+h HkkoukRed gksrh gs]blfy, cukovh vksj fn[kkovh fmcsv ugha dj ldrha oks eqn~nksa ij rf;ksa ij gh ckr djuk T;knk ilan djrh gs vksj fo"k;&fo'ks"kkksa esa efgykvksa dh rqyuk esa iq:"kksa dh la[;k T;knk gs blfy, efgykvksa dh la[;k izkbe Vkbe esa de fn[kkbz nsrh gsa vfnfr jktiwr (,umhvhoh bafm;k) & Vsyhfotu ds izkbe Vkbe esa izlkfjr lekpkjksa esa efgykvksa dks feyus okys LFkku ds loky ij vfnfr dgrh gs fd efgykvksa esa {kerkvksa dh deh ugha gs] tkudkjh dh deh ugha gs vksj uk gh fo"k; fo'ks"kkrk esa dksbz deh gsa cl lel;k ;g gs fd efgyk,a viuh ilan ds fo"k;ksa ij cksyus ds fy, rs;kj jgrh gs vksj t:jh ugha fd vkidks gj fnu vkids ilanhnk fo"k; ij gh cksyus dk volj feysa 'osrk flag (vkt rd) & vktrd dh lhfu;j,adj 'osrk flag ls tc bl v/;;u vksj fu"d"kz dks ysdj ppkz dh xbz rks 'osrk [kqn pksd xbza ekeys ij 'osrk dgrh gs fd gks ldrk gs fd izknsf'kd Lrj ij efgyk odrkvksa dh la[;k dh deh gks exj jk"vªh; Lrj ij budh la[;k Hkh i;kzir gs vksj le; ij bugsa eksdk Hkh fn;k tkrk gsa exj bruk t:j gs fd ;g vkadm+s gekjh vka[ks [kksyus ds fy, dkqh gsa ehfm;k lalfkkvksa dks bl vksj /;ku nsus vksj lq/kkj djus dh csgn vko';drk gsa usgk iar (,chih U;wt) &,chih U;wt dh lhfu;j izksm~;wlj usgk iar dk ekuuk gs fd vk/kh vkcknh dk izfrfuf/kro djus okyh efgykvksa dks vksj vf/kd eksdk nsus dh vko';drk gsa iq:"k iz/kku ns'k dh ekufldrk ls lhkh fteesnkj inksa ij csbs yksxksa dks ckgj fudyuk gksxk vksj efgykvksa ds izfr fo'okl dk Hkko ykrs gq, mugsa vf/kd ls vf/kd eksdk nsuk gksxk] ftlls efgyk,a jk"vªh; vksj izknsf'kd Lrj ij lekpkjksa psuyksa ds izkbe Vkbe Vsyhfotuksa ij viuh izfrhkk dk yksgk euok ldsaa fu"d"kz,d rjq ns'k esa efgyk leeku vksj vf/kdkj dh ckrsa dh tkrh gsa rks ogha yksdra= esa pksfkk LrEHk dgykus emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

60 okyh ehfm;k esa gh efgykvksa dks izknsf'kd Lrj ij Qhlnh ds eqdkcys egt Qhlnh gh LFkku fn;k tkrk gs rks ogha jk"vªh; Lrj ij ;g vkadm+s Qhlnh ds eqdkcys egt Qhlnh gh gsa tcfd tux.kuk 2011 ds vuqlkj ns'k dk fyaxkuqikr 1000 iq:"k ds eqdkcys ij 943 efgyk gh gsa tcfd e/;izns'k esa ;g vkadm+k 930 vksj NRrhlx<+ esa 991 gsa elyu ftl ns'k esa fyaxkuqikr dh rqyuk esa efgykvksa dks izkbe Vkbe esa Qhlnh de LFkku feys vksj e/;izns'k] NRrhlx<+ esa ;g vuqikr c<+dj Qhlnh igqap tk,] rks le>k tk ldrk gs fd jk"vªh; vksj izknsf'kd Lrj ij izkbe Vkbe esa izlkfjr lekpkj psuyksa esa vk/kh vkcknh dks fdl rjg ls lh/ks rksj ij udkjk tk jgk gsa vkadm+ksa ds ckn fteesnkjksa vksj izfrfuf/kro djus okyksa ls vksipkfjd&vuksipkfjd ppkz esa,d ckr lkeus vkbz gs fd vc odr efgyk leeku vksj vf/kdkjksa ds fy, flqz ckrsa djus dk ugha gs] fteesnkjksa dks jk"vªh; vksj izknsf'kd Lrj ij izlkfjr lekpkj psuyksa esa efgykvksa dks cjkcj eksdk nsuk gksxk] ftlls ns'k dh vk/kh vkcknh dk izfrfuf/kro djus okyh efgykvksa dks lekpkj psuyksa ds izkbe Vkbe esa vk/kh fgllsnkjh vksj LFkku fey ldsa lanhkz xzafk lwph 1- ehfm;k 'kks/k ^½rqeksnh* y{; ifcyds'ku ubz fnyyh 2004] i`"b 01] 02] 03] 04] 05] 10] 13] 17] 20] 25] 29] 30A 2- tulapkj,oa i=dkfjrk] vkj xqirk] jes'k ifcyf'kax gkml] ubz fnyyh 2013] i`"b&09] 13] 17] 19] 29] 35] 36] 41A 3- bafm;k czkwmdklv vkwfm;al fjlpz dkmafly (ch,vkjlh) dh fjiksvza 4- ^iki;qys'ku QLVZ* vksj ^dslh dkwyst* dh fjiksvza 5- Xykscy ehfm;k ekwfuvfjax çkstsdv (th,e,eih) dh fjiksvz& 2015A 6-,u Mh Vh oh bafm;k psuy dh osclkbv] çksxzke] ykbo 'kks] fodhihfm;ka 7- vkt rd psuy dh osclkbv] çksxzke] ykbofmcsv] eksckby rd] fodhihfm;ka 8-, ch ih U;wt +psuy dh osclkbv] çksxzke] ykbo 'kks] fodhihfm;ka 9- vkbz ch lh 24 psuy dh osclkbv] çksxzke] ykbo cqysfvu] & otzu] fodhihfm;ka 10- th eè;çns'k&nùkhlx<+ lekpkj psuy] osclkbv] ykbo cqysfvu] fodhihfm;ka 11- U;wt+ 18 eè;çns'k&nùkhlx<+ dh osciksvzy] ykbo cqysfvu] fodhihfm;ka 12- ftvks Vhoh ij lhkh N% psuyksa ds çksxzke&csdmsvlfgra 056 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

61 Hkh"e lkguh dh vkredfkk dk f'kyixr fo'ys"k.k % ^vkt ds vrhr* ds lanhkz esa MkW- fjpk ukaxyk O;k[;krk] xq:ukud nso fo'ofo ky;] ve`rlj (iatkc) 'kks/k Lkkjka'k Hkk"kk HkkokfHkO;fDr dk l'kdr ek/;e gs vksj vkredfkk dh Hkk"kk 'ksyh ckdh lkfgfr;d fo/kkvksa ls fhkuu gsa vkredfkk,d,slh fo/kk gs] ftls,dopu esa izlrqr fd;k tkrk gsa blesa vkredfkkdkj viuh ckr djrs gq, fy[krk gsa vkredfkk dh fofhkuu 'ksfy;k gksrh gsaa vkredfkkdkj Hkh"e lkguh us viuh vkredfkk esa Hkk"kk ds varxzr iatkch] mnwz] vaxzsth] :lh] eqgkojsnkj Hkk"kk] 'yksd] lwfdr] okd;] nksgkfefjr vksj 'ksyh ds varxzr o.kzukred 'ksyh] iwoznhfir 'ksyh] fp=kred 'ksyh] fcackred 'ksyh] i=kred 'ksyh ds ek/;e ls viuh vkredfkk dks lqn`<+rk iznku dh gsa ladsrk{kj % vkredfkkdkj Hkh"e lkguh] xkpuh feêh ls iqrkbz] eqflye ifjokjksa dk izhkko] xksjk QkSth vqlj] fons'kh Hkk"kk izdk'ku x`g] :lh Hkk"kk dk xgu v/;;u] xhrkredrk'ksyh] iwoz nhfir'ksyh] o.kzukred'ksyh] fp=kredrk'ksyh] fcackredrk'ksyh] i=kredrk'ksyh] i=kpkj ek/;e] iatkch 'kcn] lald`r Hkk"kk] ekufld flfkfr] dkaxzsl esa lfø;] ân;li'khz ckra lq izfl¼] lqizfrf"br dfkkdkj Hkh"e lkguh fgunh lkfgr; ds egùoiw.kz ys[kd gs] ftugksaus vius miu;klksa] dgkfu;ksa] ukvdksa br;kfn ds ek/;e ls fgunh lkfgr; esa vhkko dh iwfrz dh gsa Hkh"e lkguh viuh jpukvksa vksj fopkjksa esa lgt vksj lqxerk ds fgek;rh jgsa gsa og viuh dgkfu;ksa dks cm+s gh lgt <ax ls ikbdksa rd igq pkrs gsa Hkh"e lkguh os lkfgr;dkj gs ftudh jpukvksa dh mrlqdrk lnso ikbdksa esa cjkcj cuh jgrh gsa ;fn og jpuk vkredfkk gks rks ikbdksa dks vius fiz; jpukdkj ls :c: gksus dk eksdk fey tkrk gsa vkredfkk fo/kk vu; fo/kkvksa ls foy{k.k blhfy, ekuh tkrh gs D;ksafd vkredfkkdkj vius Hkksxs gq, dh dgkuh dks Lo;a fy[krk gsa Hkh"e lkguh us vius vkredfkk ^vkt ds vrhr* 'kh"kzd ls fy[kh gs] ftlesa os fy[krs gs] fd cpiu ls cm+s HkkbZ dk izhkko muds eu ij Fkk vksj ckn rd muds lkfk gh jgka og ftlls Hkh izhkkfor gksrs] mlh esa viuk ghjksa <wa<us yxrs FksA buds thou esa vk, mrkj&p<+ko ikbd dks vkredfkk ds lkfk tksms+ j[krs gsa Hkh"e lkguh viuh jpukvksa esa f'kyi vksj iz;ksx ds uke my>krs ugha gsa budh vkredfkk dks Hkh lgt o lqxerk ds lkfk le>k tk ldrk gs] tsls fd buds vu; fo/kkvksa dksa budh vkredfkk ^vkt ds vrhr* ds f'kyixr fo'ys"k.k ds fcunq bl izdkj gsa i) Hkk"kk vkredfkk dh Hkk"kk dh ckr dh tk, rks vkredfkk vu; fo/kkvksa ls fhkuurk j[krh gsa vkredfkk esa vkredfkkdkj viuh ckr djrs gq, fy[krs gs] blfy, vkredfkk dh Hkk"kk iq:"k,d esa dh gksrh gs] tcfd vu; fo/kkvksa us,slk ugha emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

62 gksrka tsls fd Hkh"e lkguh dgrs gs **esa fqj ls fhkm+us ds fy, epy mbk gw ] ij fdlh ds et+cwr gkfk eq>s ck gksa ls idm+s gq, gsa] vksj eq>s vkxs ugha c<+us nsrsa** iatkch 'kcn Hkh"e lkguh iatkch ifjokj ls laca/k j[krs FksA buds?kj esa iatkch Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk FkkA fdlh Hkh lkfgr;dkj ds Åij mldh viuh Hkk"kk dk izhkko vo'; cuk jgrk gsa ;gh dkj.k Hkh gs fd Hkh"e lkguh dh vkredfkk esa iatkch Hkk"kk ds 'kcnksa dk [kwc iz;ksx feyrk gsa Hkh"e lkguh vius cm+s HkkbZ cyjkt lkguh dks Hkkik th dgdj cqykrs Fks] tks iatkch Hkk"kk dk gh 'kcn gsaa ^^ij Ldwy NksM+us ij Hkzkrkth ds LFkku ij iatkch dk yksdfiz; 'kcn ^Hkkik* vk x;k vksj ogh lacks/ku vkthou pyrk jgka**,sls gh Hkh"e lkguh fy[krs gs] fd tc og Ldwy esa i<+rs Fks rks og dsls /kwi esa viuh r[+rh dks lq[kkrs gsa ^^ckn esa r[+rh dks /kks fn;k tkrk vksj ml ij *xkpuh* fev~vh ls iqrkbz dj nh tkrh r[+rh dks gok esa >qyrh gqbz xk&xkdj mls lq[kkus yxrh % lqd lqd r[+rh dky dy[rh----a** blesa ^xkpuh* vksj ^lqd&lqd* iatkch Hkk"kk ds 'kcn gsa blh izdkj Hkh"e lkguh dh vkredfkk esa iatkch 'kcnksa dh Hkjekj gsa lald`r&'kcn Hkh"e lkguh us lald`r Hkk"kk dh izkjfehkd f'k{kk?kj ls yh] fqj xq:dqy ls yha og lald`r Hkk"kk ds vpns Kkrk Fks] D;ksafd?kj esa firk vksj HkkbZ dks Hkh lald`r dk vpnk Kku FkkA vkredfkk esa Hkh lald`r Hkk"kk ds 'kcn feyrs gsa Hkh"e lkguh ds?kj esa losjs&'kke gou fd;k tkrk Fkk] ftlesa lkjk ifjokj,d lkfk csbdj lald`r esa ea=ksppkj.k djrk FkkA ^^gou dh fof/k esjs fy, cm+h jkspd gqvk djrha igys vkpeu djksa gfksyh ij ikuh Mkydj okm~+esa vklslrq! ulksesz izk.kslrq!-----a** xq#dqy esa Hkh i<+rs gq, Hkh"e lkguh o cm+s HkkbZ cyjkt lkguh lald`r lh[krs o ea=] lw= lh[krs FksA ^^cyjkt y?kqdkseqnh ds lw= dablfk djrs] esa ½tqikB ds ^vnsxq.k] bdksxq.ko`f¼* vkfna**?kj vksj xq#dqy esa nksuksa HkkbZ lald`r dk iz;ksx djrs FksA vkredfkk esa Hkh lald`r ds 'kcnksa ds iz;ksx ls Hkh"e lkguh ds lald`r Hkk"kk ds Kku dk irk pyrk gsa mnwz 'kcn Hkh"e lkguh tgka xq#dqy esa tkdj lald`r Hkk"kk dk Kku vftzr djrs gs] ogha og Ldwy tkdj mnwz Hkk"kk lh[kuk vkjehk djrs gsa fgunw&eqlyekuksa ds?kj lkfk&lkfk gksus vksj vf/kd esytksy gksus ds dkj.k eqlfye ifjokjksa dk izhkko Hkh Hkh"e lkguh ij FkkA ftl dkj.k mnwz dk izhkko Hkh vkredfkk esa Hkh"e lkguh ij Li"V fn[kkbz nsrk gsa ^^esaus mlds ekew dks ns[kk gsa cw<+k vkneh tks viuh nk<+h ij dyq+ yxkrk gsa** Hkh"e lkguh vius vkl&im+ksl esa jgus okys eqflye ifjokjksa ds ckjs esa fy[kk gs tks ifjokj bugsa vkdf"kzr djrs jgrs FksA ^^xyh ds fljs ij] muds?kj ds ckgj] fdlh ihj dk et+kj gsa esaus dbz ckj mu vksjrksa dks dhkh,d rks dhkh nwljh dks ihj dh dcz ij >qds gq, ns[kk gsa og et+kj ij nh;k tykrh gsa gkfkksa ls d+cz dks nsj rd iksanrh gsa** blds vfrfjdr ot+hj] [ksj] ekew] od+r] cx+y] gt+e] vkokt+ br;kfn mnwz 'kcn feyrs gsa vaxzsth Hkk"kk Hkh"e lkguh us vaxzsth Hkk"kk dk Kku Hkh Ldwy ls gh izkir fd;k Fkk] HkkbZ cyjkt lkguh Hkh vaxzsth Hkk"kk lh[kus vksj vaxzsth rksj&rjhdksa dks lh[kuk cqjk u ekurs FksA Hkh"e lkguh us vaxzsth Hkk"kk esa gh,e-,- fd;k gsa vaxzsth Hkk"kk esa,e-,- djus ds i'pkr~ Hkh Hkh"e lkguh dk Lusg fgunh lkfgr; ls cuk jgk gsa budh vkredfkk esa vaxzsth Hkk"kk ds 'kcn izpqj ek=k esa feyrs gsa tsls firk ds LVksj:e esa nksuksa HkkbZ lkeku ns[kus igq prs gs rks ogka I;kyksa ij vaxzsth Hkk"kk esa fy[kk gqvk i<+rs gsa ^^Forget me not! fdlh ij Remember me@** vaxzsth dh ml le; gdwer ds dkj.k ns'k esa vaxzsth dk cgqr ncnck Hkh FkkA ;qok oxz vf/kdrj vaxzsth vqljksa] v/;kidksa lkfgr;dkjksa dh udy djuk ilan djrs FksA tsls og [kku&iku Fkk] cksy&pky ;k fqj igjkok FkkA Hkh"e lkguh,d vaxzst+h vqlj ds lkfk gqbz >M+i ds ckjs esa fy[krs gs] fd ^^xksjk Q+kSth vq+lj eq>s dksguh ls /kdsydj Lo;a f[km+dh ds lkeus [km+k gqvk FkkA ^^I beg your Pardon** esjs eq g ls fudyk]** I was standing here before you came----- ml xksjs Q+kSth us /kddk fn;k fd esa yq<+drk gqvk nwj tk fxjka** vaxzsth Hkk"kk ml le; 058 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

63 vf/kd izpfyr Fkh] ;gh dkj.k gs fd Hkh"e lkguh Hkh vaxzsth Hkk"kk dh rjq vkdf"kzr gq,a blds vfrfjdr vkredfkk esa vaxzst+h 'kcnksa dh cgqyrk gsa :lh 'kcn Hkh"e lkguh us yxhkx lkr o"kz ^fons'kh Hkk"kk izdk'ku x`g* ekldksa esa vuqoknd ds :i esa dk;z fd;k gsa vius bl izokldky esa bugksaus :lh Hkk"kk dk xgu v/;;u fd;k vksj yxhkx nks ntzu :lh iqlrdksa dk vuqokn fd;k gsa vkredfkk esa Hkh"e lkguh ls vius ekwldksa ds jkspd vuqhkoksa dk [kwc O;k[;ku fd;k gsa :lh Hkk"kk ds vkd"kz.k ds dkj.k og :lh lh[krs gs] ftlls esa :l dh lkekftd] lkald`frd] lkfgfr;d ifjflfkfr;ksa dks vksj vf/kd tkuuk pkgrs FksA :lh Hkk"kk lh[kus ij Hkh"e lkguh dks irk pyk fd :lh Hkk"kk ds cgqr T;knk 'kcn lald`r Hkk"kk ls gh feyrs tqyrs gsa ^^gekjh lald`r Hkk"kk vksj :lh Hkk"kk ds <sjksa,sls 'kcn gsa ftuesa lekurk ikbz tkrh gs] ---- uscks (uhk) vxksu (vfxu)] pk'dk (p'kd)] enhjk (efnjk) nso (nso)] nkse (/kke)] xjk (fxfj)] xzhok (xzhok)] foluk (olur)] E;ksn (e/kq)a** br;kfn cgq 'kcn izkir gksrs gsa eqgkojsa eqgkojksa vkfn ds iz;ksx }kjk Hkk"kk dks l'kdr cuk;k tkrk gsa,d lqy lkfgr;dkj eqgkojksa ds ek/;e ls vius Hkkoksa dk izdk'ku vr;ar jkspd <+x ls djrk gsa blls Hkkoksa dk Li"Vhdj.k rks gksrk gh gs lkfk&gh&lkfk Hkk"kk esa Hkh pvivkiu vk tkrk gsa eqgkojksa ds ek/;e ls xwa+<+ Hkkoksa dh vfhko;atuk Hkh lahko gksrh gsa vius Hkkoksa dks xwa<+ vfhko;atuk nsus ds fy, gh Hkh"e lkguh us eqgkojksa dk iz;ksx fd;k gsa Hkh"e lkguh tc vius fe= vehapunz ds lkfk mldh lksryh ek dks igyh ckj ns[kus tkrk gs rks vehapunz ds firk dks vkrs ns[k tks mudh gkyr gksrs gs] mls og eqgkojsa ds ek/;e ls le>krs gsaa ^^vehapunz dk firk f'kdkjh dqùks ikyrk Fkk& pyk vk jgk gsa esaus Hkh flj ij ik o j[ks vksj Hkkx [km+k gqvka** bl eqgkojksa ds ek/;e ls Hkh"e lkguh vius ml le; dh flfkfr crk jgs gs fd vehapun ds firk dks ns[kdj og bruk?kcjk tkrs gsa fd cl Hkkx [km+s gksrs gsaa blds vfrfjdr Hkh"e lkguh us ^j.k esa tkdj /kwe epkuk] Nqfj;ka py tkuk] tkscu vkuk] iks&ckjg gksuk] fny cfyy;k mnyuk br;kfn vusdksa eqgkojksa dk iz;ksx feyrk gsa xhrkredrk d`fr esa ikbdksa dh jkspdrk c<+kus ds fy, lkfgr;dkj d`fr esa xhrkredrk dk iz;ksx Hkh djrk gsa vkredfkk esa Hkh"e lkguh us cpiu esa ekrk }kjk xk, xkuksa] fe=&e.mfy;ksa }kjk x, xkuksa] jaxeap ij [ksys x, ukvdksa esa xk, xkuksa dks fy[kdj vkredfkk dh jkspdrk dks vksj Hkh c<+k fn;k gsa ^^dhkh&dhkh ek esjs ekfks dks lgykrs gq,] dksbz xhr lqukus yxrhaa--- ek?k ek;k nk ek.k u dfj,a ek;k dkx cugsjs nk iy fop vkos] fnu fop tkos lsj djs pksqsjs nka** /ku&ek;k ij xoz ugha djuk pkfg,a ek;k rks,d txg ij ugha Bgjrh] og rks mm+rs dksos ds leku gs tks dhkh,d nhokj ij tk csbrk gs] dhkh nwljh nhokj ija** blh izdkj vkredfkk esa xhrksa dh NVk fc[kjh im+h gs] tks vkredfkk esa vyx ls jax Hkjrs gsa nksgs&lwfdr;k ] okd; nksgs&lwfdr;ksa ds ek/;e ls lkfgr;dkj f'k{kkizn Hkkoksa dks mhkkjrk gs] nksgs o lwfdr;ka Hkh d`fr esa viuh vyx NVk fc[ksjrh gs] tc dksbz f'k{kke;h ;k vkn'kz LFkkiuk dh ckr lkfgr;dkj djrk gs] tks nksgs o lwfdr;ksa dk iz;ksx ogka jgrk gsa Hkh"e lkguh dh vkredfkk esa Hkh nksgs o lwfdr;ka ns[kus dks feyrh gs] buds firk cgqr gh /kkfezd izo`fùk ds FksA og vius cppksa dks vkn'kze;h cuuk pkgrs Fks] blfy, buds?kj esa f'k{kkizn nksgs] lwfdr;ksa ds okd;&iv V xs jgrs Fks] dejs dh nhokjksa ij txg&txg dqn okd;&iv V xs FksA ^^lknkiu thou] ltkov e`r;q gsa** ^^tgk lqefr rgk foifùk funkuka** ^^tklq jkt fiz; iztk nq[kkjh lks u`i vof'k ujd vf/kdkjha** bu lwfdr;ksa] okd;] nksgksa ds ek/;e ls buds firk cppksa dks lknsiu dh f'k{kk nsrs FksA ii) 'ksyh 'ksyh dk vfkz gs fdlh ckr dks LoLFk,oa vkd"kzd <ax ls izlrqr djrh gsa emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

64 o.kzukred 'ksyh Hkh"e lkguh us viuh vkredfkk esa o.kzukred 'ksyh dk iz;ksx fd;k gsa vkredfkk esa dfkk o.kzukred 'ksyh esa vkxs c<+rh gsa tsls ^^dhkh&dhkh lksprk gw fd ft+unxh esa esaus] viuh bpnkvksa ls foo'k gksdj dksbz Hkh nks Vwd QSlyk ugha fd;ka esa flfkfr;ksa ds vuq:i vius dks <kyrk jgk gw A esaus fdlh vkosx dks tquwu dk :i ysus ugha fn;ka** bu iafdr;ksa esa Hkh"e lkguh dh ekufld flfkfr dk cgqr vpnk o.kzu gqvk gsa o.kzukred 'ksyh dk,d mnkgj.k bl izdkj gs] tc Hkh"e lkguh vius fe= ls viuh fe=rk dk o.kzu djrs gsa ^^gjcal Hkh esjk lgikbh jgk FkkA og dsoy lkroha d{kk rd i<+ ik;ka ij gekjs chp nkslrh cjkcj cuh jgha cm+h csrdyyqq+h ls og esjh ihb ij /kksy tek nsrk FkkA** blh izdkj vkredfkk esa o.kzukred 'ksyh ds lqunj mnkgj.k ns[kus dks feyrs gsa iwoznhfir 'ksyh iwoznhfir 'ksyh dks ys'kcsd 'ksyh Hkh dgk tkrk gs] tc dgkuh esa ik= fqj ls finyh?kvukvksa dks ;kn djrk gsa vkredfkk esa Hkh Hkh"e lkguh ds }kjk dgha&dgha iwoznhfir 'ksyh dk iz;ksx fd;k gsa tc Hkh"e lkguh lkfgr; l`tu dk fu.kz; ys pqds Fks] rc og viuh finys thou dks ;kn djrs gs] fd og fdu&fdu im+koksa esa ls fudy dj ;gka rd igq ps gsa ^^bl rjg vkt+knh ls igys esa pkj&pkj dke,d lkfk dj jgk FkkA O;kikj Hkh dj jgk Fkk] dkwyst esa Hkh i<+ jgk Fkk] ukvd Hkh ;nk&dnk [ksy jgk Fkk vksj FkksM+k&FkksM+k fy[kus Hkh yxk Fkk vksj dqn nsj ckn dkaxzsl esa Hkh lfø; :i ls dke djus yxk FkkA fny esa mrdv bpnk, rks mbrh Fkha ij viuh ifjflfkfr;ksa ds?ksjs esa gh esa mudh iwfrz dj ikus dh ps"vk djrk FkkA** Hkh"e lkguh us vkredfkk esa vu; LFkkuksa ij Hkh iwoznhfir 'ksyh dk iz;ksx fd;k gs] tks vkredfkk esa lqunj tksm+ cu im+k gsa fp=kredrk tc dhkh Hkh d`fr dks i<+dj vk [kksa ds vkxs mlds fp= mhkjus yxs gks] mls fp=kredrk dgk tkrk gsa Hkh"e lkguh dh vkredfkk dks i<+rs le; cgqr ls fp= mhkj dj lkeus vkrs gsa tc d'ehj ls Hkh"e lkguh dh QwQsjh cgusa vkrh gsa rks muls gqbz ckrphr dks Hkh"e lkguh ls ftl <ax ls fy[kk gs] mlls d'ehj dk,d fp= ikbdksa dh ut+jksa esa?kwe tkrk gsa ^^vksj esa gsjku&lk lqus tk jgk gw A nqfu;k esa,sls yksx Hkh gksaxs tks dgos esa ued Mkydj ihrs gsaa** tc ckgj cqz im+rh gs rks ge yksx dk xm+h ysdj csbrs gsa ^lekokj* dh ^cq[kkjh* ckdj[kkuh dh tks esjs fy, vuwbs 'kcn gsa rks eq>s yxrk gs fd ;s yksx fdlh ^uhyens'k* ls vk, gs** vcdh ckj bruh T+;knk cqz im+h gs fd >hy dk ikuh te x;k gsa ml ij f'kdkjs pyus cun gks x, gsaa** blh izdkj Hkh"e lkguh us naxy ds n`'; dks bl izdkj fy[kk gs ftlls naxy dk lkjk fp= vk [kksa ds vkxsa?kwe tkrk gsa ^^dhkh&dhkh 'kgj esa naxy gksrsa naxy ls eghuk&hkj igys] 'kgj dh nhokjksa ij b'rgkj yx tkrsa mu ij ckgj ls ifv;kyk] fl;kydksv ;k yk;yiqj ls vkusokys igyoku dh rlohj Nih gksrh] gkfk esa xqtz+ mbk, gq,] c<+h gqbz rksan]?kqvk gqvk flj] Qfu;j ew NsaA**,sls gh vu; mnkgj.k vkredfkk esa ns[kus dks feyrs gs] tks vkredefkk dh jkspdrk dks nwljs gh LRkj ij igq pk nsrh gsa fcackredrk d`fr esa tc i<+rs&i<+rs dksbz vkd`fr vka [kksa ds lkeus mhkjus yxrh gs rks mls fcackredrk dgrs gsa Hkh"e lkguh vius cpiu ds ckjs esa fy[krs gs] fd tc og dhkh chekj gks tkrs Fks] rks mugsa [kkv ij gh ysvs jgus dk gqde ek lquk nsrh Fkh],sls esa Hkh"e lkguh [kkv ij ysvs&ysvs?kj dh Nr ij fxjs iqrkbz ds NhaVksa dh vkd`fr;ksa dks ns[krk] ftlesa og vyx&vyx fcac cuk ysrs FksA ^^fclrj dh dsn lcls dm+h dsn FkhA ysvs&ysvs esa Nr dh dfm+;k fxurk] Nr ij txg&txg] iqrkbz ds NhaVs im+s gksrs] ftuesa esa rjg&rjg dh vkd`fr;ka ns[krk jgrk] dhkh flagklu ij csbs jkt dh] dhkh gkfkh dh] dhkh Å V dha**,sls gh mnkgj.kksa ds }kjk Hkh"e lkguh dh vkredfkk vius esa fof'k"vrk o jkspdrk lek, gq, gsa i=kred 'ksyh Hkh"e lkguh us viuh vkredfkk esa i=kred 'ksyh dk iz;ksx dbz LFkkuksa ij fd;k gsa bl 'ksyh ds ek/;e ls vkredfkkdkj viuh vkredfkk dks vksj Hkh lvhdrk iznku djrk gsa Hkh"e lkguh ds cm+s HkkbZ tc?kj NksM+ dgha ckgj djus ds fy,?kj ls jokuk gksus yxrs gs] rks 060 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

65 firk cyjkt lkguh ds gkfk esa dqn ikslvdkmz nsdj cjkcj i= Hkstrs jgus ds fy, dgrs gsa ^^cyjkt dks,d gt+kj :i, dk psd fn;k Fkk vksj lcls ân;li'khz ckr&nl&ckjg ikslvdkmz fy[k yk, Fks ftu lc ij,d gh okd; fy[kk Fkk % ^^firk th] esa gj rjg dq'kyiwozd gw A vki fpurk u djsaa vkidk csvk cyjkta** VsyhQksu ds lk/ku le; de gksus ds dkj.k i=kpkj ds ek/;e ls gh lizd fd;k tkrk FkkA vkredfkk esa Hkh Hkh"e lkguh }kjk vusd txg i=kred 'ksyh dk o.kzu feyrkgsa fu"d"kzr% dgk tk ldrk gs Hkk"kk o 'ksyh fdlh Hkh d`fr dks lqn`<+rk iznku djrh gsa Hkh"e lkguh us viuh vkredfkk esa iatkch] mnwz] vaxzst+h] :lh] eqgkojsnkj] 'yksd] lwfdr] okd;] nksgkfefjr Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx fd;k gs vksj 'ksyh esa o.kzukred 'ksyh] iwoznhfir 'ksyh] fp=kred 'ksyh] fcackred 'ksyh] i=kred 'ksyh ds ek/;e ls ;gka viuh vkredfkk dks ln`<+rk iznku dh gs] ogha mugksaus viuh vkredfkk esa vius thou ds gj i{k dks mn~?kkfvr Hkh fd;k gsa ljy] lgt] lqxe Hkk"kk ds ek/;e ls vkredfkk dk Lrj vksj Hkh c<+ x;k gs] fp=kred] fcackred br;kfn 'ksfy;ksa ds ek/;e ls ikbd vkredfkk ds lkfk vkreh;rk ls tqm+rs gsa lunhkz xzafk lwph 1- Hkh"e lkguh] vkt ds vrhr] (u;h fnyyh % jktdey izdk'ku] 2003)] i`"b&40 2- ogh] i`"b&25 3- ogh] i`"b&43 4- ogh] i`"b&14 5- ogh] i`"b&23 6- ogh] i`"b&32 7- ogh] i`"b&32 8- ogh] i`"b&12 9- ogh] i`"b& ogh] i`"b& ogh] i`"b& ogh] i`"b& ogh] i`"b& ogh] i`"b& ogh] i`"b& ogh] i`"b& ogh] i`"b& ogh] i`"b& ogh] i`"b& ogh] i`"b& ogh] i`"b&93 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

66 jktlfkku dh xzkeh.k vfkzo;olfkk ij eujsxk ;kstuk dk çhkko ;ksxsuæ dqekj lgk;d vkpk;z] jktdh; du;k egkfo ky;] vtesj MkW egsuæ jk.kkor lg vkpk;z] ch-,u- fo'ofo ky;] mn;iqj 'kks/k Lkkjka'k jktlfkku dh xzkeh.k vfkzo;olfkk esa csjkstxkjh dh lel;k xzkeh.k vkffkzd fodkl esa eq[; ck/kd gsa bl lel;k ds lek/kku gsrq fofhkuu xzkeh.k fodkl dk;zøe cuk;s x, gsa ftues eujsxk ;kstuk ;kstuk us xzkeh.k fodkl esa vkewypwy çorzu fd;s gs jktlfkku tsls finm+s jkt;ksa ds xzkeh.k fodkl esa eujsxk ;kstuk us egroiw.kz Hkwfedk fuhkkbz gsa çlrqr 'kks/k i= esa çkfkfed vksj f}rh;d vkdmksa ds çks;kx djrs gq, jktlfkku dh xzkeh.k vfkzo;olfkk ij eujsxk ;kstuk ds vkffkzd lkekftd çhkkoksa dk v/;;u fd;k gsaçlrqr 'kks/k esa vtesj ftys dh rhu iapk;r lfefr;ks elwnk] toktk Jhuxj ds 375 mùkjnkrkvks dk p;u djrs gq, vk;] jkstxkj vksj iyk;u ij v/;;u fd;k x;k gsa ladsrk{kj % xzkeh.k] vkffkzd fodkl] eujsxk] jkstxkj] vfkzo;olfkk] iyk;u] etnwjha ns'k ds xzkeh.k bykdksa esa jgus okys T;knkrj xjhc yksx vdq'ky fngkm+h 'kkjhfjd etnwjh ls feyus okyh etnwjh ij vkfjr jgrs gsaa os vdlj U;wure lk/kuksa ls viuk xqtkjk djrs gsa vksj xgu xjhch dh fujarj vk'kadk esa thrs gsaa Je dh vi;kzir ekax rfkk çkd`frd vkink vfkok chekjh tsls vuisf{kr ladv ;s lhkh muds jkstxkj voljksa ij cgqr cqjk vlj Mkyrs gsaa fodflr vksj fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa xjhch vksj csjkstxkjh ls fuivus ds fy,,sls jkstxkj dk;zøe cgqr yacs le; ls dkqh egroiw.kz jgs gsaa bu dk;zøeksa esa flapkbz o`{kkjksi.k ty laj{k.k,oa lm+d fuekz.k tslh lkoztfud ifj;kstukvksa esa lhfer vof/k ds fy, vdq'ky 'kkjhfjd Je eqgs;k djk;k tkrk gsa jkstxkj dk;zøeksa dk vksfpr; dqn cqfu;knh eku;rkvksa ij vk/kkfjr gsa bl rjg ds dk;zøe ladv ds le; xjhc ifjokjksa dks vk; dk tfj;k miyc/k djkrs gsa vksj mugsa mihkksx Lrj cuk, j[kus esa enn nsrs gsaa ;s dk;zøe mu fnuksa ;k lkyksa esa [kklrksj ls mi;ksxh lkfcr gksrs gsa tc [ksfrgj jkstxkj de gksrs gsaa Hkkjh csjkstxkjh okys ns'kksa esa jkstxkj dk;zøeksa ls feyus okys ;s vk; LFkkukarj.k ykhk xjhch dks c<+us ls jksdrs gsaa bu dk;zøeksa ds dkj.k LFkkbZ lainkvksa dk fuekz.k gksrk gs ftuds dkj.k nwljs pø ds jkstxkj Hkh isnk gksus yxrs gsa D;ksafd muds fy, t:jh cqfu;knh <kapk vflrro esa vk tkrk gsa jktlfkku esa ujsxk ds çkjfehkd pj.k esa ns'k ds 200 ftyksa esa ls 6 ftyksa dk p;u fd;k x;k ftuesa ckalokm+k] Mwaxjiqj] >kykokm+] djksyh] fljksgh,oa mn;iqj gsaa f}rh; pj.k esa 6 vu; ftyksa esa lokbzek/kksiqj] Vksad] ckm+esj] fprksmx<+] tslyesj,oa tkyksj rfkk 1 vçsy 2008 ls ;g jkt; ds lhkh ftyksa esa ykxw dj nh xbz gsa egkrek xka/kh jk"vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjavh vf/kfu;e ds mís'; bl vf/kfu;e dk mís'; çr;sd foùkh; o"kz esa çr;sd xzkeh.k ifjokj]ftlds o;ld lnl; vdq'ky 'kkjhfjd dk;z 062 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

67 djus ds bpnqd gksa] dks de ls de 100 dk;z fnolksa dk etnwjh jkstxkj çnku dj xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds ifjokjksa dks vkthfodk dh lqj{kk çnku djuk gsa Ø xzkeh.k ifjokjksa dks vdq'ky 'kkjhfjd Je okys dk;ksaz esa xkjavh'kqnk etnwjh jkstxkj eqgs;k djkdj muds thou;kiu dks lqj{kk çkir gksxha Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø xkaoksa esa LFkkbZ lkeqnkf;d ifjleifùk;ksa dk l`tu gks ik,xk tks xzkeh.k xjhcksa ds vkthfodk lalk/ku vk/kkj dks lqn`<+ cuk, xha iapk;rh jkt lalfkkuksa dks foùkh;,oa ç'kklfud :i ls vf/kdkj leiuu cuk;k tk,xka xzkeh.k efgykvksa dks l'kfä dj.ka xzkeh.k&uxjh iyk;u dks de djuka lkekftd lekurk dks çksrlkfgr djuka vk; dh lqj{kk çnku djuka fu/kzurk ij fu;u=.k ikuka finm+s xzkeh.k {ks= dk fodkl djuk,oa vkrefuhkzj cukuka eujsxk LFkk;h lfefr jkt; ljdkj }kjk xzke iapk;r Lrj ij ikap lnl; ^egkrek xka/kh jk"vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkj.vh LFkk;h lfefr (ftls ujsxk lfefr dgk tkrk gs) ds xbu dk çko/kku gs ftlesa fueu lnl; gs & 1- ljiap & v/;{k 2- lecfu/kr dk;z {ks= dk ckmz iap & lnl; 3- xzke iapk;r ls lecfu/kr dfu"b dfu"b rduhdh lgk;d lnl; lfpo 4- xzke lsod,oa insu lfpo&lnl; 5- xzke jkstxkj lgk;d & lnl; dk;zlfky fn'kk&funsz'k,oa lqfo/kk, dk;zlfky ij fueufyf[kr dh O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg, ftlls ekuoh; ifjisz{;,oa dk;z larqf"v ds ek/e; ls Jfedksa dk eukscy c<k;k tk ldsa 1- ihus ds ikuh dh O;oLFkk 2- Nk;k dh O;oLFkk 3- ikyuk dh O;oLFkk (;fn 5 o"kz ls de vk;q ds 5 ls vf/kd cpps lkeus gks) 4- Øsp lehkkyus okyh efgyk 5- esfmdy fdv dh O;oLFkk vkfna ;kstuk dk foùk iks"k.k fueufyf[kr ds en esa vkus okyh ykxr dsaæ ljdkj ogu djsxh% Ø Ø Ø Ø vdq'ky 'kkjhfjd Jfedksa ds osru dh iwjh ykxra lkexzh ykxr rfkk dq'ky,oa vnz~/kdq'ky etnwjksa ds osru dk 75 çfr'krva'ka ç'kkldh; O;; ftugsa dsaæ ljdkj }kjk fu/kkzfjr fd;k tk,xk vksj ftuesa dk;zøe vf/kdkjh rfkk mlds lgk;d dezpkfj;ksa dk osru o HkÙks rfkk dk;zlfky lqfo/kkvksa dh ykxr 'kkfey gksxha jk"vªh; jkstxkj xkjavh ifj"kn ds [kpsza fueufyf[kr O;; jkt; ljdkj dks ogu djus gksaxs Ø Ø Ø lkexzh ykxr rfkk dq'ky o vnz~/kdq'ky etnwjksa ds osru dk 25 çfr'kr va'ka ;fn jkt; ljdkj le; ij etnwjh vk/kkfjr jkstxkj eqgs;k ugha djk ikrh gs rks csjkstxkjh HkÙks dk HkqxrkuA jkt; jkstxkj xkjavh ifj"kn~ ds ç'kkldh; [kpsza 'kks/k mís'; jktlfkku esa xzkeh.k vfkzo;olfkk ij eujsxk ds vkffkzd çhkkoksa dk irk yxkuk gh orzeku 'kks/k dk eq[; mís'; gs A v/;;u ds fo'ks"k,oa O;kid mís'; fueufyf[kr gsa%& 1- jktlfkku esa eujsxk ;kstuk dh,d lexz rlohj vksj bldk fø;kuo;u] dk;zç.kkyh rfkk çlrqfrdj.k A 2 jktlfkku dh xzkeh.k vfkzo;olfkk ij eujsxk ds çhkkoksa dh tkudkjh gsrqa 3 xzkeh.k Jfedksa dh jkstxkj vksj vk; Lrj ij eujsxk ds çhkkoksa dk v/;;ua 4 xzkeh.kksa ds çokl ij eujsxk ds çhkkoksa dk vkadyu djua 5 iwoz esa bl fo"k; ij fd, x, vuqla/kku dk;z dh emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

68 leh{kk djus ds fy,a 6 eujsxk dh dk;z ç.kkyh vksj Jfedksa dks vkus okyh lel;k,sa tkuus ds fy,a 7 eujsxk ;kstuk dks csgrj cukus ds fy, uhfrxr mik;ksa dk lq>ko nsuka mä mís';ksa dks çkir djus ds fy, vuqla/kku ds funszf'kr ifjdyiuk fueu gs%& 'kks/k ifjdyiuk,a 1 jktlfkku jkt; ds xzkeh.k {ks= ds jkstxkj Lrj ij eujsxk ;kstuk us dksbz o`f¼ ugha dh gsa 2 jktlfkku ds xzkeh.k Jfedksa ds vk; Lrj ij eujsxk ;kstuk esa dksbz o`f¼ ugha dh gsa 3 jktlfkku ds xzkeh.k Jfedksa dk xkao ls 'kgj dh vksj iyk;u esa eujsxk ;kstuk us dksbz deh ugha dh gsa 'kks/k i¼fr 'kks/k ds mís';ksa dks çkir djus ds fy, fueufyf[kr 'kks/k i¼fr dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gs%& 1- v/;;u {ks= dk pquko 'kks/k ds vurxzr jktlfkku xzkeh.k vfkzo;olfkk ij eujsxk ds vkffkzd çhkko dk v/;;u fd;k tk;sxk A ç'kklfud n`f"vdks.k ls jktlfkku ds 33 ftyksa,oa 237 fodkl mi[k.mksa esa fohkkftr fd;k x;k gs A bl v/;;u ds vurxzr vtesj ftys dks pquk x;k gs A 2- çfrn'kz :ijs[kk vtesj ftys dks ç'kklfud n`f"vdks.k esa vkb iapk;r lfefr;ksa (vjkbza] fhkuk;] toktk] dsdm+h] elwnk] ihlkaxu] Jhuxj o flyksjk) esa fohkkftr fd;k x;k gsa eujsxk dk;zøe dk çca/ku iapk;r Lrj ij ykxw fd;k x;k gsa vr% vkb iapk;r lfefr esa ls ;k fpnd çfrp;u dk ç;ksx djrs gq, rhu iapk;r lfefr (Jhuxj] elwnk vksj toktk) dk p;u v/;;u gsrq fd;k x;k gs A p;fur rhuksa iapk;r lfefr;ksa ds vurxzr vkus okyh xzke iapk;rksa dh lwph rs;kj dj mlesa ;kn`fpnd çfrp;u ds vk/kkj ij 15 xzke iapk;rksa dk pquko dj v/;;u fd;k x;k gsa p;fur xzke iapk;rksa ds tkc dkmz /kkjdksa dh,d lwph rs;kj dj 25 mùkjnkrkvksa dk p;u dj lkekftd vkffkzd flfkfr,oa eujsxk ds çhkkoksa dk v/;;u fd;k tk;sxk A bl çdkj bl 'kks/k esa dqy 375 mùkjnkrkvksa ij v/;;u fd;k x;k gsa 3- rf; vfkok lwpuk dk ladyu rf; vfkok lwpuk dk vfkz gs,slh lhkh lwpuk,a lkexzh vfkok vkadm+ksa ls gs tks dh fofhkuu lzksrksa ds }kjk çkir fd;k x;k gks lwpukvksa ;k rf; ds lzksrksa dks eq[; :i ls nks Hkkxksa esa ckavk x;k gs 1 çkfkfed lzksr 2 f}rh;d lzksr çkfkfed lzksr ds varxzr vkadm+ksa dks vuqla/kkudrkz }kjk u, fljs ls Lo;a,df=r djds djus gksrs gsaa çkfkfed lzksr esa thfor O;fä lfeefyr gksrs gsa ftugsa yach vof/k ds nksjku lek lkekftd ifjflfkfr;ksa esa gksus okys ifjorzuksa ds fo"k; esa oklrfod,oa?kfu"b laidz jgk gks çlrqr 'kks/k v/;;u esa çkfkfed vkadm+ksa dk ladyu 'kks/kdrkz }kjk vuqlwph cukdj v/;;u {ks= ds eujsxk ;kstuk ds ykhkkffkz;ksa dk lkekftd vkffkzd losz{k.k }kjk ladfyr fd;k tk,xka f}rh;d vkadm+ksa dk ladyu Hkkjr ljdkj,oa jktlfkku ljdkj }kjk çdkf'kr iqlrd esxthu vkfn dk v/;;u dj,df=r fd; x;s gsa vtesj ftys ls lacaf/kr vkadm+ksa ds laxzg.k gsrq xzke iapk;r xzke lhkk]mh-bl- vks- vksj Mh-vkj-Mh-vks- rfkk eujsxk dh osclkbv ls çkir fd;s x, gsa 4- vkadm+ksa ds fo'ys"k.k ladfyr vkadm+ksa ds fo'ys"k.k gsrq fofhkuu lkaf[;dh; çfof/k;ksa dk ç;ksx fd;k tk;sxk A ftlesa lkekftd vkffkzd flfkfr ds fo'ys"k.k gsrq vkslr,oa çfr'kr dk ç;ksx fd;k tk;sxk A lg leca/k vksj ljy çrhixeu dk ç;ksx Hkh fo'ys"k.k gsrq fd;k tk ldrk gs A ifjdyiuk ijh{k.k gsrq dkbz oxz vksj Vh ijh{k.k dk ç;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gs A rf; ladyu çlrqr 'kks/k dk;z esa 'kks/kdrkz us mùkjnkrkvksa esa ls çr;sd mùkjnkrk ls laidz djrs gq, lk{kkrdkj iw.kz dj vuqlwph Hkjh rfkk ç'u iwnus ls igys mùkj mùkjnkrkvksa 064 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

69 dks ;g vk'olr fd;k x;k fd ;g tkudkjh xksiuh; gksxha egkrek xka/kh jk"vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkj.vh ;kstuk dk xzkeh.k vfkzo;olfkk ij çhkko 'kks/k ls irk pyrk gs fd eujsxk us xzkeh.kksa ds vkffkzd&lkekftd thou dks ldjkred :i ls çhkkfor fd;k gs fo'ks"k :i ls lekt ds detksj oxz vuqlwfpr tkfr,oa vuqlwfpr tutkfr vksj efgyk;s gs egkujsxk ;kstuk ds ek/;e ls xzkeh.kksa dks muds LFkkuh; {ks= esa jkstxkj miyc/k djok;k x;k gs ftlls xzkeh.kksa dks U;wure vk; feyh gsa çlrqr 'kks/k esa egkujsxk] ykhkkffkz;ksa ds lkfk gqbz ckrphr ls çdv gksrk gs fd bl ;kstuk dk ykhk uk flqz?kjsyw Lrj ds :i es vfirq lkeqnkf;d Lrj rd bldk çr;{k o ldkjkred çhkko im+k gsa egkujsxk ykhkkffkz;ksa ds vuqlkj egkujsxk ls xzkeh.k yksxksa dh ftunxh ds yxhkx lhkh {ks=ksa esa lq/kkj gqvk gs bl ;kstuk dk eq[; ifjorzu mu ykhkkffkz;ksa ds thou esa gqvk gs] tks [kkldj xjhc] lhekur oxz ls lekt esa gsa egkujsxk ls xzkeh.k vfkzo;olfkk esa gq, ifjorzu,oa çhkko vxzfyf[kr gs& csgrj thou Lrj vkssj csgrj [kk lqj{kk p;fur {ks= ds lhkh 375 mùkjnkrkvkssa dh vkffkzd flfkfr rqyukred :i ls dkqh lqn`<+ gqbz gsa egkujsxk ds ifj.kkelo:i muds jgu&lgu dh flfkfr vksj mihkksx ds Lrj esa Hkh lq/kkj gqvk gsa xzkeh.kksa ds }kjk xq.koùkk iw.kz (iksf"vd) Hkkstu dk mihkksx djus yxk gsa egkujsxk ;kstuk,oa ekufld]vkffkzd lcyhdj.k ls Li"V gs fd p;fur {ks= ds mùkjnkrkvks ds crk;k gs dh egkujsxk ls uk flqz ekufld vfirq vkffkzd lcyhdj.k feyka ½.knkrkvksa dks dtz ls jkgr egkujsxk ls vftzr vk; dk mi;ksx vkfnoklh dtz eqfä esa djus yxs ftlls mudks dtz eqfä esa jkgr feyh gsa çlrqr 'kks/k esa egkujsxk vk; dk p;fur mùkjnkrkvks uss egkujsxk ls vftzr vk; dk mi;ksx ½.k eqfä ij fd;ka jkstxkj dh miyc/krk?kj ds 5 fd- eh- ds nk;js esa ^egkrek xka/kh jk"vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjavh vf/kfu;e*,d ;kstuk ugha cfyd,d dkuwu gs],slk dkuwu ftldk mís'; ns'k ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa jgus okys ifjokjksa dh vkthfodk dh lqj{kk dks csgrj djuk gs vksj blds fy, osls çfr ifjokj dks,d foùkh; o"kz esa de ls de 100 fnu rd dh etnwjh dk dke xkjavh ds lkfk eqgs;k djkuk gs] ftlds o;ld lnl; vdq'ky etnwjh djus dh is'kd'k djsaa,e-th-,u-vkj-bz-th-,- ds eq[; çko/kkuksa esa ls,d çko/kku ;g gs fd dke dh miyc/krk 5 fd-eh- dh ifj/kh esa gks vu;fkk ;k=k HkÙkk ns; gksxka xzkeh.kksa dh Ø; 'kfä {kerk esa o`f¼ egkujsxk dh fø;kfuofr ds lkfk d`f"k etnwj rfkk fuekz.k o vu; dkeksa es yxs gq, vlafxbr Jfedksa dh Je'kfä dk oklrfod ewy; feyus yxk gsa pw fd egkujsxk]çr;sd xzkeh.k] Hkkjrh; ifjokj dks o"kz esa 100 fnu rd vdq'ky Je esa fu;ksftr djus dk oknk djrk gsa ;g ekax vk/kkfjr dk;zøe gsa ekaxs tkus ij 15 fnuksa ds Hkhrj 5 fdykehvj dh ifjf/k esa ljdkj dk ;g nkf;ro gs fd og yksxksa dks jkstxkj eqgs;k djok, rfkk U;wure etnwjh dk gd gsa vc xzkeh.k {ks= esa egkujsxk dk;zlfkyksa ij Jfedksa dh layxurk esa o`f¼ gqbz] ftlls vu;= fuekz.k dk;z] Ïf"k dk;ksaz ij Jfedksa dh vko';drk ;k ekax c<+h gs ftlds ifj.kkelo:i Je cktkj esa Jfedksa dks vius Je dks cspus ls iwoz eksyhkko djus dk eksdk feyk rfkk Jfedksa dh Je&'kfä dk oklrfod ewy; feyus yxk gsa cppksa ds 'ks{kf.kd Lrj esa lq/kkj f'k{kk fodkl dk,d egùoiw.kz ladsrd gs] xzkeh.k {ks= esa,u-vkj-bzth-,l- dh 'kq:vkr ds lkfk gh fu/kzu xzkeh.k ykhkkffkz;ksa us vius cppksa dks Ldwy Hkstuk 'kq: dj fn;k gsa blls iwoz vkerksj ij cpps?kj ij jgrs Fks vksj?kjsyw dke esa enn djrs FksA vis{kkïr vc xzkeh.k egkujsxk ykhkkfkhz ekrk&firk viuh csfv;ksa dks Hkh f'k{kk çnku djus ds fy, vf/kd ls vf/kd /;ku ns jgs gsaa ykhkkfkhz ;g lwpuk nsrs gsa fd egkujsxk ls vftzr vk; dk mi;ksx cppksa fd f'k{kk fnykus ds en esa O;; dj jgs gsaa efgyvksa ds vkffkzd o lkekftd thou esa cnyko efgyk,sa ekuo lekt dh /kqjh gs] efgykvksa ds fcuk emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

70 ifjokj tsls vfr vko';d çkfkfed lewg dh dyiuk rd ugha dh tk ldrh gsa egkujsxk ;kstuk dks ;fn ysafxd vk/kkj ij ns[ksa rks Li"V gksrk gs fd] egkujsxk vkus ls iwoz iq#"kksa dks dke dh ryk'k esa ckgj tkuk im+rk Fkk vksj T;knkrj efgykvksa dks?kjsyw dkedkt djus,oa cppksa dh ns[khkky gsrq ihns NksM+ fn;k tkrk Fkk] ysfdu vc vis{kkïr,u-vkj-bz-th-,l- ds dk;kzuo;u ds lkfk xzkeh.k efgykvksa dks dekus dk lqvolj feyk gs] ftlls vc efgyk,sa vkffkzd rksj ij l'kä gks jgh gsa rfkk egkujsxk ls vftzr vk; dks vius <ax ls O;; djus dh LorU=rk feyh gsa ifjokj esa mldh vkffkzd flrffk cgqr vpnh gqbz gsa ikfjokfjd fu.kz; esa mldh Hkh n[ky gqbz gsa egkujsxk us uk flqz efgykvksa dks vkffkzd vkrefuhkzjrk çnku dh gs] cfyd mldk vkreleeku vksj xksjo ifjokj ds lkfk&lkfk lekt esa Hkh c<+k;k gsa çfrosnu 2006&07 ij utj Mkysa rks,u-vkj-bz-th-,l ykhkkffkz;ksa dk çfr'kr ykhkkfkhz efgyk,a gsaa pw fd,u-vkj-bz-th-,lfn'kk funsz'k 2005 ds vu; çko/kku ds vuqlkj]efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh dk;z ds vkoavu esa efgykvksa dks bl çdkj çkfkfedrk nh tk,xh rkfd de ls de,d frgkbz efgyk,sa gksaa lkjka'kr% lhkh egkujsxk dk;zlfkyksa ij efgyk Hkkxhnkjh dk vuqikr iq#"kksa dh rqyuk esa T;knk vafdr fd;k x;k gsa 'kgjksa dh vksj gksus okys iyk;u esa deh jktlfkku ftys ds finm+siu ds dkj.k vk; l`tu ds nqyzhk volj gksus dh otg ls jkstxkj dh ryk'k esa vu; LFkkuksa ij pys tkrs Fks]ysfdu vc,u-vkj-bz-th-,l- ds fø;kuo;u ds ckn bl rjg ds çokl esa dkqh deh vkbz gsa vc yksxksa dks jkstxkj ds csgrj volj muds xkao ds vklikl gksrs gsaa LFkkbZ ifjleifr ds fuekz.k ls fodflr xzkeh.k okrkoj.k,u-vkj-bz-th-,l- lexz çhkko dh n`f"v ls] ;g ;kstuk u dsoy yksxksa dks ykhkdkjh jkstxkj çnku djus cfyd xkao ds lexz okrkoj.k esa lq/kkj ykus esa lgk;d jgh gsa egkujsxk ds dk;kzuo;u ls iwoz vk; l`tu ds voljksa dh deh gksus ls] igys yksx le; u"v djrs Fks] vkil esa rqpn eqíksa ij vkil esa ym+uk] Vdjkuk vksj v'kkafr dk ekgksy isnk djrs FksA ysfdu,u-vkj-bz-th-,l ds mijkur vc xkao ds lexz okrkoj.k esa ifjorzu gqvk gs] vc dkqh gkykr blh çdkj p;fur {ks= ds ykhkkffkz;k ls okrkzyki ls,uvkj-bz-th-,l- dk,d vksj egroiw.kz ;ksxnku lkekftd ifjorzu djus esa çdk'k esa vk;k] ykhkkffkz;ksa ds vuqlkj egkujsxk ls mudh vk; esa mùkjksùkj o`f¼ ds urhtru os /khjs&/khjs lekt dh eq[;/kkjk esa tqm+us yxs gsaa muds thou Lrj esa lq/kkj vk;k gs lkfk gh mugsa lkekftd cqjkbz;ks ls Hkh NqVdkjk feyk gsa csgrj lm+d leidz,d dq'ky ifjogu O;oLFkk,d iwoz fujurj fpjlfkkbz vkffkzd fodkl ds fy, visf{kr gsa ;g u dsoy fodkl dh çfø;k ds fy, eq[; <k pkxr buiqv gs] ysfdu ;g Hkh O;kikj vksj fuos'k dks [kksyus ls finm+s {ks=ksa vksj eq[; /kkjk dh vfkzo;olfkk ds lkfk mugsa,dhïr dj fodkl dks c<+ok nsus esa egùoiw.kz Hkwfedk fuhkkrk gsa,d dq'ky ifjogu usvodz mrikndrk c<+kus ds fy,] fo'o cktkj esa vfkzo;olfkk dh çfrli/khz {kerk c<+kus,oa mnkjhïr vfkzo;olfkk lhkh esa egùoiw.kz gsa ftys esa xzkeh.k lm+dksa dks dusfdvfovh ds egro dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, bl ckr dks O;kid :i ls Lohdkj fd;k x;k fd,u-vkj-bz-th-,l- ds rgr lm+dksa dk fuekz.k gksa egkujsxk esa fufezr lm+dksa dh mi;ksfxrk dks Lohdkjk,oa eku;rk nh xbz gsaa d`f"k ij çhkko p;fur {ks= ds ykhkkffkz;ska us ckrphr ds nksjku ;g Hkh dgk fd vc egkujsxk ds QyLo:i Qly mit dh n`f"v ls cm+h la[;k esa o`f¼ gqbz gsa,u-vkj-bz-th-,lds rgr ty lap;u] y?kq flapkbz] vksj Hkwfe fodkl tsls dk;z leiuu gq, gsaa ifj.kkelo:i flapkbz ds fy, ikuh dh miyc/krk esa lq/kkj lahko gks ldk] rfkk,uvkj-bz-th-,l- ls vftzr vfrfjä vk;] xq.koùkkiw.kz cht ds [kjhn ij fofu;ksx fd;k x;k ftlls csgrj Qy dh mit esa c<+ksrjh gqbza ty lalk/ku esa csgrj lq/kkj egkujsxk ds vurxzr ty lap;u] ty laj{k.k ds dk;z T;knk leiuu gq, gsa] ftlesa,fudvksa] MSe] rkykc vkfn dk fuekz.k gqvk gsa ifj.kkelo:i ihus 066 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

71 ,oa Ïf"k ;ksx; ikuh esa csgrj lq/kkj gqvk gs] i'kqvksa dh la[;k esa csgn o`f¼ gqbz gsa,fudvksa] rkykcksa,oa ukfm;ksa ds fuekz.k ls ftys ds ty Lrj esa ØkfUrdkjh o`f¼ gqbza LFkkuh; dk'rdkj vc,d Qly dh ctk; nks Qlysa ys jgs gsa] Qy,oe~ lfct;k Hkh mriknu djus yxs gsaa lel;k,,oa pquksfr;k çlrqr 'kks/k v/;;u ds }kjk ls 'kks/kkfkhz us voyksfdr,oa çr;{kr% ns[kh xbz lel;kvksa ds lkfk ç'kklu] tuçfrfuf/k;ksa rfkk mùkjnkrkvks }kjk vuqhko dh xbz lel;kvksa,oa pquksfr;ksa dks çlrqr fd;k x;k gsa Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø etnwjh Hkqxrku le; ij u gksuk tu&tkx:drk dh deh ç'kklfud laonsu'khyrk dk vhkko] eujsxk ;kstuk ls lecaf/kr vf/kdkfj;ks vksj dezpkfj;ksa ds çf'k{k.k dk vhkko ;kstuk ds fø;kuo;u esa ikjnf'kzrk dk vhkko tkwc dkmz ds j[k j[kko dh lel;k jktusfrd glr{ksi ç'kklfud,oa tuçfrfuf/k;ksa dh lfø;rk dk vhkko tulghkkfxrk esa deh lkekftd HksnHkko Hkz"Vkpkj fu"d"kz,oa lq>ko 1- ukvd] çn'kzu] çf'k{k.k] dk;z'kkyk] vksj laxksf"b;ksa }kjk eujsxk ;kstuk ls çr;{k o vçr;{k #i ls yksxksa dks ;kstuk ls lecaf/kr cqfu;knh tkudkjh çnku dh tk ldrh gsa 2- ;kstuk ds çfr vf/kdkfj;ksa vksj dezpkfj;ksa ds varxzr laosnu'khyrk t:jh gs rkfd ;kstuk dks lqy :i ls fø;kuou fd;k tk ldsa 3- ftyk Lrj vksj jkt; Lrj ij f'kdk;r fuokj.k ra= dks LFkkfir fd;k tkuk pkfg, ftlesa ofj"b ukxfjd vksj efgyk,a LosfNd :i ls 'kkfey gksus pkfg,a 4- bl rf; dks lqfuf'pr fd;k tk, fd eujsxk ;kstuk ds vurxzr vf/kd ls vf/kd dk;z t:jrean vksj lekt ds detksj oxksaz dks çkir gks A 5- dke ds vf/kdkj dks vkthfodk dk vf/kdkj cuk,a rfkk oafpr vksj detksj oxksaz ds thou Lrj dks Å pk mbkus esa ;kstuk dh Hkkxhnkjh gks ldsa 6- eujsxk ;kstukvksa ds fy, vkoafvr jkf'k fdlh vu; dk;z esa O;; u dh tk, rfkk mls mfpr :i ls mlh dk;z esa yxk;k tk, tks xzke lhkk }kjk vuqeksfnr gks LFkkuh; t:jr ds vuqlkj gks A 7- tkwc dkmz ls lacaf/kr vfu;ferrkvksa ij vadq'k yxkus ds fy, ernkrk igpku i= dks tkwc dkmz dk vk/kkj cukuk pkfg, rfkk xzke lhkkvksa esa bu ij [kqyk fopkj foe'kz fd;k tkuk pkfg,a 8- Hkz"Vkpkj ij fu;a=.k ds mik; (1) lwpuk ç.kkyh,oa rduhdh ds }kjk& orzeku le; lwpuk Økafr dk le; gs ujsxk osclkbv ij ;kstuk ls tqm+s lhkh dk;ksaz dk fooj.k vkwuykbu Mkyk tkrk gs ftlls lhkh çdkj dh xfrfof/k;ka esa dk;zøe çnf'kzr gksrs jgrs gsaa (2) lks'ky vkwfmv ds lkfk ljdkjh ewy;kadu Hkh vko';d gsa (3) lwpuk&iê dh O;oLFkk & ;kstuk ds varxzr fd, x, dk;ksaz dks lwpuk&iê ij çnf'kzr fd;k tkuk pkfg, rkfd tu lkeku; dks ;kstuk ds dk;ksaz dh tkudkjh çkir gks lds A (4) vf/kdkjh,oa tuçfrfuf/k;ksa dh usfrd fteesnkjh eujsxk ;kstuk dks Hkz"Vkpkj ls eqä djus ds fy, vf/kdkfj;ksa usrkvksa dks fteesnkjh r; djuk vko';d gks x;k gsa (5) çksxzke esustesav ;wfuv dh LFkkiuk& emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

72 csadksa ikslv vwfql o vu; lacaf/kr i{kksa ds lkfk csgrj laca/k cukus ds fy, iapk;r,oa Cykd Lrj ij çksxzke esustesav ;wfuv dh LFkkiuk dh tkuh pkfg, blls dk;z dh xq.koùkk vksj {kerk esa lq/kkj gksus ds lkfk&lkfk jkstxkj ds voljksa esa Hkh o`f¼ gks ldsxha 9 xsj ljdkjh laxbuksa ds ek/;e ls Hkh ujsxk ds xkao xkao esa tkdj xzkeh.k yksxksa esa tkx:drk isnk dh tk, ftlls vf/kd ls vf/kd yksxksa ;kstuk ls ykhkkfuor gksdj viuh lkekftd&vkffkzd flfkfr csgrj cuk ldsa 10 xzke iapk;r Lrj ij xzke lsod }kjk jkst eujsxk ;kstuk ds fø;kuo;u dh leh{kk dh tkrh gsa vr% bu xzke lsodksa dks Hkh mi;qä çf'k{k.k çnku djuk vfr vko';d gks tkrk gs rkfd og viuk dk;z fuiq.krk iwozd dj ldsa 11 eujsxk ;kstuk ds lqy lapkyu esa eq[; ck/kk jktuhfrd glr{ksi gs ;g jktuhfrd glr{ksi vfu;ferrk,oa Hkz"Vkpkj dks tue nsrk gsa vr% LokFkZiw.kZ jktuhfr ls nwj jgdj xzkeh.k fodkl ds mís'; dks /;ku esa j[kdj ;kstuk dk fø;kuo;u fd;k tkuk pkfg,a 12 jkt; ljdkj dks f'kdk;r ds fuokj.k gsrq fofhkuu lfefr;ksa dk xbu djuk pkfg, ;g lfefr;ka MhvkjMh, ds }kjk ;kstuk ij fuxjkuh j[kus esa lgk;d fl¼ gksxha 13 bu lfefr;ksa dh ekg esa de ls de rhu ckj csbd vk;ksftr djuh pkfg, rkfd ;kstuk ds rgr fd, x, dk;ksaz dh xq.koùkk] {kerk vksj LFkkf;Ro dk irk yxk;k tk ldsa 14 ;kstuk ds mfpr fø;kuou dh fuxjkuh,oa fu;a=.k gsrq i;kzir la[;k esa fu;a=.k vf/kdkjh,oa dezpkjh rsukr fd, tkus pkfg,a 15 eujsxk dk;z eujsxk ;kstuk dh lqyrk Jfedksa }kjk dk;z dh ekax ij fuhkzj djrh gs ekax esa o`f¼ djus gsrq cm+s isekus ij ;kstuk ds çfr tu tkx:drk vfhk;ku pykuk pkfg, blds fy, O;kid çpkj çlkj djuk gksxka 16 lcls cm+k mùkjnkrkvksa us crk;k fd eujsxk ds varxzr dk;z fnolksa dh la[;k de gsa dbz mùkjnkrkvksa dk dguk gs fd 1 o"kz esa ifjokj dk;z fnol dh la[;k c<+kbz tkuh pkfg,a 17 futh O;fä xr Ïf"k Hkwfe ds fodkl ds fy, o`{kkjksi.k leryhdj.k vkfn dk;z cgqr de djk, x, gsa vr% bl çdkj ds dk;ksaz dks c<+kok feyuk pkfg, rkfd Hkwfe dh xq.kork vksj mozjk 'kfä cuh jgsa 18 egkrek xka/kh ujsxk ;kstuk esa vdq'ky 'kkfjfjd Je djus ds bpnqd Jfedksa dks dk;z çnku djrh gs ijarq ;kstuk ds varxzr,sls fdlh Hkh dk;z dks 'kkfey ugha fd;k x;k tks etnwjksa dh dks'ky fodkl dks fodflr djsa rkfd xzkeh.k fu/kzu de i<+s fy[ks yksxksa ds lkfk&lkfk lk{kj yksxksa dks Hkh vf/kdkf/kd ;kstuk dk ykhk fey lds ;g Jfedksa dks LFkkbZ :i ls cny nsxk vksj vdq'ky Jfedksa dks dq'ky Jfed esa ifjofrzr dj ldsxka lanhkz xzufk lwph 1- tsu ch-,e ] 'kks/k çfo/kh,oa {ks=h; rduhd] dkwyst cqd fmiks t;iqj] ira Mh-lh- ira Hkkjr esa xzkeh.k fodkl] dsyk'k iqlrd lnu] Hkksiky] inekorh xzkeh.k fu/kzurk,o fu/kuzrk dk;zøeksa dk ewy;kdu] frokjh çdk'ku] fnyyh JhokLro] vks-,l- vkffkzd fodkl dk vfkz'kkl=] dsyk'k iqlrd lnu] Hkisky] dq#{ks=] fnlacj 2017]xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky;]ubz fnyyh 6- vkffkzd leh{kk 2015] Hkkjr ljdkj 068 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

73 ifjokj lalfkk dk cnyrk Lo:i vksj mlds nwjxkeh izhkko % Hkxokunkl eksjoky ds dfkk lkfgr; ds fo'ks"k lunhkz esa MkW- ofjunjthr dksj lgk;d izksqslj] nso lekt dkwyst QkWj owesu] fqjkstiqj 'kgj (iatkc) 'kks/k Lkkjka'k ifjokj lalfkk lkekftd lajpuk dh ewyhkwr bdkbz gsa orzeku le; esa bl lkekftd lalfkk ds ikjeifjd :i esa ifjorzu vk;k gsa O;fDrxr lksp vksj Lora= thou thus dh pkgr us ikfjokfjd lecu/kksa ds egro dks de dj fn;k gsa cqtqxz ih<+h vksj ;qok ih<+h dh lksp esa cgqr vurjky vk x;k gs] tks ikfjokfjd lecu/kksa esa isnk gq, ruko dk,d cm+k dkj.k gsa ikfjokjkredrk dh Hkkouk de gksrh tk jgh gs vksj ikfjokfjd fo?kvu fujarj c<+rk tk jgk gsa orzeku fgunh dfkk lkfgr; txr ds izfl¼ jpukdkj Hkxokunkl eksjoky us viuh jpukvksa esa yxkrkj c<+rh ikfjokfjd VwVu] vyxko] fc[kjko dh lel;k dks mhkkjk gsa izlrqr 'kks/k vkys[k esa ifjokj lalfkk ds bl cnyrs Lo:i ds dkj.kksa rfkk ifj.kkeksa dk v/;;u fd;k x;k gsa ladsrk{kj % ifjokj] lekt] laldkj] lecu/k] /ku/kk] f[kykom+h] fc[kjko] ijeijka fjokj lekt dh vk/kkjhkwr bdkbz gsa lekt esa vla[; ifjokjksa dk laxbu gksrk gsa lekt dks izxfr'khy icukus ds fy, mldh ikfjokfjd O;oLFkk dks O;ofLFkr djuk vko';d gksrk gsa bl O;oLFkk dks mfpr <ax ls pykus ds fy, ifjokj esa,d eqf[k;k gksrk gsa ifjokj dh vpns <ax ls ns[khkky djus dh iwjh fteesnkjh eqf[;k dh gh gksrh gsa ikfjokfjd fø;k&dykiksa esa mlh dk fu.kz; vfure ekuk tkrk gsa ifjokj ds vu; lnl;ksa dks vius ikfjokfjd vkn'kksz o ewy;ksa dk ikyu djuk gksrk gsa ifjokj ds egùo ds ckjs esa e-ds- xkmxhy fy[krs gsa fd] ^^'ks{kf.kd] /kkfezd] vkffkzd] 'kkldh; vkfn fofhkuu izdkj dh lalfkkvksa esa lcls egùoiw.kz lalfkk gs ^ifjokj lalfkka ysafxd izo`fùk;ksa] iztksriknu] okrly; vksj oa'kj{k.k vkfn izkd`frd izo`fùk;ksa ij ifjokj lalfkk vk/k`r gsa ifjokj lalfkk vr;ar izkphu dky ls izpfyr vd`f=e vksj uslfxzd lkekftd lalfkk gsa ekuoh lekt ds vusd flfkr;arj gq, ijurq ifjokj lalfkk vhkh rd u fev ik;h gs vksj u vkxs pydj blds fevus dh lehkkouk gsa ifjokj O;fDr dh /kkfezd] lkald`frd] 'ks{kf.kd] vkffkzd lhkh izdkj dh vko';drkvksa dh iwfrz djus dk iz/kku lk/ku ekuk x;k gsa O;fDr dk 1 vf/kdka'k thou ifjokj esa gh O;rhr gksus ds dkj.k ifjokj ds O;fDr;ksa us rhoz lalfdr izd"kz ds lkfk fn[kkbz nsrh gsa** bl rjg ge dg ldrs gsa fd ifjokj lekt dh egùoiw.kz lalfkk gsa lekt esa jgrs izr;sd O;fDr dk lkekftd ntkz Hkh mlds ifjokj ds vk/kkj ij gh fu/kkzfjr gksrk gsa ifjokj ds vpns laldkjksa ds ifj.kker lnl; vius fy, ugha cfyd nwljs lnl;ksa ds fy, thrs gsa rfkk muesa viuro dh Hkkouk fo eku jgrh gsa orzeku le; esa ifjokj lalfkk ds Lo:i esa ifjorzu vk;k gsa izkphu Hkkjr esa ifjokj dk Lo:i la;qdr ifjokj FkkA ^^osndkyhu lekt esa vksj mlds ckn Hkh d`f"k iz/kku ifjokjksa dh cgqyrk FkhA vr,o lhkh lnl;ksa dks,d lkfk jgus ij gh vf/kd ykhk dh lahkkouk Fkh] blh dkj.k,d ifjokj ds lhkh lnl; la;qdr :i ls thou O;rhr djrs FksA mudk 2 fuokl] Hkkstu] vk;&o;; lhkh dk;z,d lkfk gksrs FksA** la;qdr ifjokj vusd 'krkfcn;ksa rd Hkkjr esa dk;e jgk gs emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

74 ijurq orzeku le; esa la;qdr ifjokj dk rhoz xfr ls fo?kvu gqvk gsa ifjokj dk vk/kqfud <k pk ijeijkxr ifjokj ls fhkuu gsa thou ds HkkSfrd Lrj ij euq"; dh vko';drk,a c<+rh tk jgh gsa rfkk ifjokj esa vkffkzd Lrj dh fpurk vf/kd jgrh gs] blfy, vk; fo'ks"k ij vf/kd /;ku fn;k tkus yxk gsa igys O;fDr dh lelr vko';drkvksa dh iwfrz ifjokj djrk Fkk] ijurq vkt O;fDr ifjokj ls vf/kd vu; lfefr;ksa ls lecfu/kr jgrk gs] ifjokj ij mldh vkfjrrk cgqr de gksrh tk jgh gsa d`f"k iz/kku ifjokjksa esa vf/kd lnl;ksa dh vko';drk Fkh] ijurq tula[;k dh o`f¼ ds dkj.k [ksrh ij fuhkzj jguk dfbu gks x;ka f'k{kk rfkk ;krk;kr dh lqfo/kk ds dkj.k,d LFkku ls O;fDr vius dks ca/kk ugha j[k ldrk] blfy, og vius thou dks lq[ke; cukus ds fy, ifjokj NksM+ cm+s&cm+s egkuxjksa esa uksdjh rfkk f'k{kk izkir djus ds fy, pys tkrs gsa rfkk ogha viuk fookg dj thou O;rhr djus yxrs gsaa ftl dkj.k ifjokj dk vkdkj NksVk gksrk tk jgk gsa O;fDrxr lksp vksj Lora= thou dh pkgr us fj'rksa ds egùo dks de dj fn;k gs vksj vfkz dk egùo c<+rk tk jgk gs] ftlds dkj.k ikfjokfjd lecu/kksa esa VwVu c<+ jgh gs] ruko isnk gks jgk gs] vdsysiu dh lel;k ls tw>uk im+ jgk gsa ;qok ih<+h vius ikfjokfjd fj'rksa vksj vkn'kksz dks NksM+dj futh lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa ij vf/kd /;ku ns jgh gsa,slh flfkfr esa O;fDr nwljs ds ckjs esa ugha lksprka blls lecu/kksa esa ruko] dq.bk vksj?kqvu isnk gksrh gsa euhjke dk csvk cuokjh fujurj im+ jgs vdky vksj xkao esa dksbz [kkl dke /ka/kk u gksus ds dkj.k fnyyh tkuk pkgrk gs] ysfdu mldk firk euhjke vc Hkh vius iqj[kksa dh tehu dks ugha NksM+uk pkgrka og pkgrk gs fd cuokjh vius iqj[kksa dh tehu lehkkysa ijurq cuokjh ds fy, islk vge gs] vius ikfjokfjd vkn'kz ugha] ^^pkpk] re rks cl ;gh pgkvks gks ds vksykn frgkjh vka[ku ds 3 vkxs /kjh jgs---- pkgs llqjk Hkw[kk ejrk Mksys-----A** ;qok ih<+h ikfjokfjd vkn'kks± dh ctk; futh lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa ij vf/kd dsfunzr gks jgh gsa blh rjg lecu/kksa dh VwVu lyseh vksj mlds iq= ckcw [kk ds vkilh O;ogkj ls Hkh fn[kyk;h nsrh gsa ckcw [kk }kjk jkepunz /kksch dh ym+dh ds lkfk vhknz O;ogkj djus ij lyseh Hkjh iapk;r esa mls twrksa ls ihvrk gqvk dgrk gs] ^^deh.k] ;klw rw rks isnk gksrs gh ej tkrks---- rsaus vkt 4 esjh lkjh <dh&<dkbz m?kkm+ nh---a** iqjkuh ih<+h ds fy, mudh bttr] leeku lcls igys gs ysfdu ;qok ih<+h esa,slk ugha gsa cm+ksa ds le>kus ls Hkh os ugha le>rsa ifjokfjd lecu/kksa esa ruko dh flfkfr miu;kl ^jsr* esa Hkh mn~?kkfvr gqbz gsa miu;kl ^jsr* datj leqnk; ij vk/kkfjr gs] ftldk eq[; /ka/kk nsg O;kikj gsa blh /ka/ks ls ;s yksx viuh jksth jksvh pykrs gsa vksj ifjokj dk ikyu djrs gsaa bl leqnk; esa vksjr dk cm+k egùo gs D;ksafd budh vksjrsa gh nsg O;kikj ls islk dekrh gsaa ckgj ls vkus okys xzkgd buds fy, isls dk,dek= lk/ku gksrs gsaa ;s xzkgd gj f[kykom+h (/ka/kk djus okyh ym+dh dks f[kykom+h dgk tkrk gs) ds /ka/ks ca/kk, gksrs gsa vksj ;fn dksbz f[kykom+h fdlh nwljh f[kykom+h ds xzkgd rksm+rh gs rks bls lgu ugha fd;k tkrk] ;g buds /ka/ks dk vlwy gsa ;fn dksbz f[kykom+h,slk djrh gs rks iapk;r ml ym+dh dks dm+h ltk nsrh gsa fqj pkgs og ym+dh nwljh ym+dh dh lxh cgu gh D;ksa u gksa ek;k }kjk viuh lxh cgu lq'khyk dk dttk (xzkgd) rksm+us ij deyk (mudh eka) igys Hkhrj rd dk i mbh vksj tc mlus mudks le>kuk pkgk rks lq'khyk fpyyk mbh] ^^;g rks mls rhkh lkspuk pkfg, Fkk] tc mlus esjk dttk rksm+k FkkA jgh ckr cgu dh] rks /ka/ks esa ugha pyrs ;s fj'rs ukrs--- /ka/ks esa rks 5 f[kykom+h gksrh gs] dksbz cgu ogu ugha gksrh gsa** bl rjg bu yksxksa ds fy, fj'rs ;k ikfjokfjd lecu/kksa ls T;knk islk egùoiw.kz gsa ifjokj ls vf/kd bugsa /ka/kk I;kjk gsa cguksa esa gh ugha vk/kqfud le; esa rks izr;sd lecu/k esa njkj vk pqdh gsa bl lecu/k esa fou; dqekj ikbd dgrs gsa] ^^Hkkjrh; lekt ewyr% ^olq/kso dqvqecde* dh Hkkouk ij vk/kkfjr gsa ftlesa ifjokj,d bdkbz gsa la;qdr ifjokj Hkkjrh; lekt O;oLFkk dk ewyk/kkj gsa fdurq LokrU=ksÙkj Hkkjr esa rhozxfr ls vks ksxhdj.k dh izfø;k ds ifj.kkelo:i la;qdr ifjokj fujurj VwV jgs gsaa,dkadh ifjokjksa dh la[;k fnu&c&fnu c<+rh tk jgh gsa la;qdr ifjokj esa tgka,d nwljs dh Hkkouk dks le>us] NksVs&cM+s dk f'k"vkpkj o esy&feyki ls jgus dh Hkkouk fufgr Fkh] tks,d lkald`frd ijeijk ds :i esa vc rd pyh vk jgh Fh] 070 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

75 ogh vkt,dkadh ifjokj ds :i esa?kqvu vksj dqabk lgus ds fy, ck/; gsa blds ewy esa c<+rk gqvk vks ksxhdj.k gsa xkao dk jgus okyk O;fDr] tc eg xkbz vksj vhkko ds dkj.k jksth&jksvh ds pddj esa 'kgj dh vksj Hkkxrk gs vksj dksbz dke fey tkus ij ogha cl tkus dk iz;kl djrk gs] rc og ikfjokfjd mùkjnkf;roksa ls eq g eksm+dj flqz viuh iruh o cppksa rd gh lhfer gks tkrk gsa bl rjg ls vkt la;qdr 6 ifjokj fujurj VwVrs tk jgs gsaa** ifj.kker% la;qdr ifjokjksa dh la[;k de gksrh tk jgh gsa ;qok oxz xkao esa dksbz [kkl /ka/kk u gksus dh otg ls 'kgjksa dh rjq tk jgk gsa ftlds ifj.kkelo:i cqtqxz ih<+h dh vogsyuk gks jgh gsa blds vfrfjdr f'k{kk ds dkj.k ;qokvksa dh lksp esa ifjorzu vk jgk gsa vc os iqjkuh ijeijkvksa dks NksM+rs tk jgs gsa rfkk muesa vius cw<+s eka&cki ds izfr eku leeku cgqr de gksrk tk jgk gs] ^^cgk.k] esjs th dh ckr dks.k iwns----a cgq csvk ds vkxs ejh dqn pys tc 7 u----a** vc csvk viuh eka dks dgus yxk gs] ^^eka- D;ksa [kqn Hkh nq[kh gksos gs vksj gesa Hkh djs gs----igyh ckr rks bz gs fd rsjs Bhd gksus dh vc dksbz meehn u gs vksj fqj gks Hkh 8 xbz rks Bhd gks ds D;k ysxh\** bl rjg dh ckrs eka ds ân; dks rks nq[kh djrh gh gsa lkfk gh ;qok oxz esa fj'rksa ds izfr [kre gks jgh vkreh;rk ifjyf{kr gksrh gsaa vius eka&cki dh bttr djuk os Hkwyrs tk jgs gsa] 9 ^^eka] ge dgka dgka <ksrs fqjsaxs rksgsa** csvs ds fy, eka vc cks> cu xbz gsa la;qdr ifjokj dk ijeijkxr <k pk VwVrk gqvk utj vk jgk gsa O;fDroknh lksp gkoh gks jgh gsa HkkbZ&HkkbZ,d Nr ds uhps ugha jguk pkgrs] ^^Bhd dj jgs gsa vki firk th] vpnk gs vkids thrs th 10 c Vokjk gks tk,a** bl ikfjokfjd VwVu] fc[kjko rfkk ruko ds cgqr lkjs dkj.k gsaa orzeku le; esa vks ksxhdj.k rfkk uxjhdj.k dh izfø;k rsth ls QSy jgh gsa ftl dkj.k O;fDr Lora=rk dks cy fey jgk gsa vfkz iz/kku bl le; esa isls dh nksm+ esa O;fDr dh izo`fùk O;kikfjd gks xbz gsa,sls esa og ikfjokfjd fj'rs&ukrs Hkwy dj dsoy vius ckjs esa lksprk gsa lekt esa bl flfkfr ds ckjs esa f'konùk Kkuh dgrs gsa fd ^^bl ;qx esa D;k iq#"k] D;k L=h lc gh gj izdkj ds cu/ku rksm+us ds fy, m r gsaa ;gh dkj.k gs fd lk/kkj.kr% izr;sd ifjokj esa LokFkZ] }s"k] oseul; vkfn dk lkezkt; gs] yksx LorU= gksus ds 11 cnys bu ekuo fjiqvksa ds xqyke curs tkrs gsaa euhjke dk ym+dk cuokjh uxhuk esa vkffkzd foiuurk vksj vlqfo/kkvksa dh otg ls 'kgj tkuk pkgrk gs] ysfdu euhjke ds eu esa viuh tehu ds izfr yxko gs vksj og pkgrk gs fd mldk csvk xkao esa jgdj gh [ksrh djsa ijurq i<+s&fy[ks cuokjh dks ;g lc eatwj ughaa vkt ;qok ih<+h xkao esa jgdj [ksrksa esa dke djus dh txg 'kgjksa esa dke djuk T;knk ilan djrh gs D;ksafd] ^^;k iqlrsuh ftxg esa vc /kjks dgk gs flok 12 lw[kk tksgm+ vksj jsr mm+krk [ksru ds---a vr% ifjokj lalfkk ds vunj tks izse fu"bk o vkreh;rk Fkh] og [kre gks jgh gsa bldk lc ls cqjk izhkko cqtqxz ih<+h ij im+k gsa mudh ^^cw<+h vka[kksa esa iy jgs lius,dk,d cjlkr esa mem+ vk, cknyksa ls f?kj x, rkjksa 13 dh rjg xk;c gks x,a** ikfjokfjd VwVu dk nwljk dkj.k gs ;qok ih<+h vksj cqtqxz ih<+h dh lksp esa vurja ;qok oxz dks iqjkuh lksp o iqjkus [;kyksa ls fp<+ gsa bl lecu/k esa eatqyk xqirk dk dguk gs fd ^^LoPNUn ;qok ih<+h esa gh ijeijkxr vuqi;ksxh lkekftd ewy;ksa o orzeku ds izfr vfo'okl dh /kkj.kk fodflr gqbz gsa vkt ;qok oxz dk vkøks'k] fonzksg o udkj lekt dh #f<+;ksa] usfrd ijeijkvksa ls gsa ih<+h nj ih<+h ijeijkvksa dks rksm+us vksj uohurk dh LFkkiuk esa yeck 14 le; visf{kr gsa** blds foijhr cqtqxz ih<+h vhkh Hkh ijeijkvksa vksj laldkjksa esa th jgh gsa cqtqxz eka&cki lksprs gsa fd cpps mudh lsok djsa] ^,d ckj Hkh 'khyk us >wb ls ;g dgk gksrk fd esa eka&ckåth dh lsok&vgy d: xha vxj og bruk gh dg nsrh rks ge 15 bls gh viuk eks{k le> ysrsa** 'kgj esa jgrs vius cgq&csvs ls og ;g meehn j[krs gsaa blds vfrfjdr cqtqxz eka&cki dh ;g Hkh bpnk gksrh gs fd mudk csvk mugsa pkj /kke ds n'kzu djk yk,a ijurq blds foijhr 'kgj esa NksVh&eksVh uksdjh djrs ;qok vius vui<+ eka&cki ls ijs'kku gks mbrs gsa D;ksafd] ^^xkao esa jgdj Hkh muls viuk vdsyk isv ugha Hkjk tkrk] tc ns[krs cl,d gh jv---- irk ugha ge dsls dsls ;gka viuk 16 fnu dkv jgs gsa] vksj,d os gsa fd-----a** bl izdkj i<+h fy[kh ;qok ih<+h vius thouksitzu gsrq emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

76 vlarq"v gsaa mugsa eka&cki dh lsok] pkj /kke o nsoh&nsorkvksa ds n'kzu] ;k=k br;kfn lc O;FkZ dh ckrsa izrhr gksrh gsaa mugsa dsoy vius dke o uksdjh dh fpurk gs tcfd muds cw<+s vui<+ eka&cki ;g le>rs gsa fd mudk csvk 'kgj ls mugsa isls Hksts] vius ikl cqyk, vfkok rhfkz ;k=k ij ys tk,] ijurq tc,slk ugha gks tkrk rks ikfjokfjd VwVu o ruko c<+rk gsa O;fDroknh lksp ds LFkkiuk ls ifjokjkredrk dh Hkkouk [kre gks tkrh gs ftl dkj.k ikfjokfjd lecu/kksa esa VwVu isnk gks jgh gsa ifjokjkredrk ds ckjs esa cxszl rfkk ykwd dgrs gsa fd] ^^ikfjokjkredrk dk vfkz ikfjokfjd lewg ds dy;k.k ftlesa O;fDrxr 17 lnl;ksa dk fgr v/khulfk gks tkrk gsa** vfkkzr~ O;fDr ds O;fDrRo dks vf/kd egùo u nsdj ikfjokfjd lewg ds fgrksa dks egùo fn;k tk,a vr% ifjokj ds fy, bl Hkkouk dk gksuk vfr vko';d gs ijurq tc,slk ugha gks tkrk] ifjokj ds lnl; dsoy vius Qk;ns vksj fgr ds ckjs esa lksprs gsa rks fj'rs&ukrs Qhds yxrs gsa] ifjokj ds lnl; dsoy vius O;fDrxr LokFkZ dks rjthg nsus yxrs gsa rfkk ikfjokfjd O;oLFkk [kks[kyh gksrh fn[kkbz nsrh gsa Hkkjrh; lkekftd O;oLFkk esa izr;sd O;fDr dh flfkfr vksj Hkwfedk fuf'pr gsa ^^bu nksuksa dk fu/kkzj.k lkekftd O;oLFkk ds vurxzr lkald`frd dkjdksa }kjk gksrk gsa lkald`frd ifjflfkfr ds vuqlkj gh izr;sd O;fDr dks lkekftd O;oLFkk ds,d ;k,dkf/kd LFkku izkir gksrs gsa vksj lkald`frd ewy;ksa ds vuqlkj ml LFkku ls lecfu/kr dqn Hkwfedkvksa dk fu/kkzj.k 19 gksrk gsa** ifjokj esa firk dk LFkku cgqr leekuiw.kz gksrk gsa,d rjg ls ogh ifjokj dk lapkyudrkz gsa ;fn firk vius in ds vuqlkj Hkwfedk dk fuokzg ugha djrk rfkk lkekftd o ikfjokfjd e;kznk dk myya?ku djds vius ls vk/kh mez dh ym+dh ls 'kknh djds mls?kj ykrk gs rks ifj.kker% mldk ifjokj ruko dk f'kdkj gks tkrk gs] ^^bz gekjks cki u nqleu gs--- ;k xk vksa esa ge ew fn[k.k ykd Hkh u jgk gs--- lkjk xk vksa gekjk ;k cki is ekvh xsj jks gs--- iwjk xk o esa Fkw&Fkw gks 20 jgh gs gekjha** vr% firk iq=ksa esa rdjkj gksus yxrh gs] lkfk gh?kj dh cgq,a Hkh pqi ugha csbrh vksj gj odr ifjokj esa ym+kbz >xm+s gksrs gsaa,sls gh?kj esa firk 'kjkc ihdj viuh 'kknh'kqnk vksykn ds lkeus vlh; O;ogkj djsxk rks?kj VwVsxk gha ^^,d vksj u'ks esa /kqr tgka firk tehu ij vksa/ks eqag im+s gksrs] ogh nwljh vksj,d lkfk dbz gkfk mudh nsg dks uki jgs gksrsa ij etky gs] gks'k vkus ij mugksaus vius ftle dks VVksydj dhkh ;g rks eglwl fd;k gks fd mez ds bl imk+ o ij vkdj os bl rjg cnjxa vkjs cn'kdy gkds j dls s mu vk[a kkas dk lkeuk dj ikrs g]as ftu vk[a kkas eas muds 21 fy, leeku dk,d drjk rd u cpk gas ** bl rjg u'ks esa jgus okys rfkk vhknz O;ogkj djus okys yksxkssa dk lekt esa dksbz leeku ugha gksrka D;ksafd,sls yksx lekt esa xanxh QSykrs gsa vksj bu yksxksa dh f'kdk;rsa tc mudh vksykn rd igqaprh gsa rks?kj esa ruko isnk gksrk gsa,sls cki dks tc mlds csvs eku&e;kznk dk [;ky j[kus dks dgrs gsa rks mudk tokc gksrk gs] ^^cl] cl cun dj viuh cdokl----- fdlh vksj ds vkxs tkds fiyb;ks viuk Hkk"k.k---- esa ubz fqdj djrk fdlh lqljs dh dekbz dh---- tc ryd ;s gkfk ikao lbz lyker gs u esa rks,sls bz etk 22 ywaxk---- ftlls tks djk tk, dj yks----a** ifjokj ds cm+s cqtqxz gh tc viuh fteesnkjh ls eqag eksm+ dj dsoy [kqn ds fy, lkspus yxs rfkk os viuh ikfjokfjd rfkk lkekftd flfkfr ds vuqlkj Hkwfedk dk fuokzg ugha djrs rks ifj.kker% ifjokj esa VwVu c<+rh gsa,sls cki dh xyr gjdrksa ls mldh vksykn dks lekt esa flj >qdk dj pyuk im+rk gs] mudks lekt ls rjg&rjg dh ckrsa lquuh im+rh gsa] ftlds ifj.kkelo:i os lekt esa vius vki dks ghu le>us yxrs gsa]?kj tkdj ym+kbz djrs gsa vksj ftlls ikfjokfjd dyg c<+rk gs] tks ikfjokfjd ruko dk lcls cm+k dkj.k gsa dhkh&dhkh eka&cki Hkh vius cppksa dks le>kus esa] mudh lksp o liuksa dks le>us esa vlqy jg tkrs gsa rks,slh gkyr esa Hkh ifjokj esa ruko isnk gks tkrk gsa tc eka&cki dks viuh vksykn dh esgur ij ;dhu u vk, rks ifjokj esa >xm+s isnk gksrs gsa ^f{kfrt dh vksj* dgkuh esa firk vksj iq= esa blh dkj.k >xm+k gksrk jgrk gsa ^^eq>s irk gs rw dslh dksf'k'k dj jgk gsa csvs] irk rks rc pysxk tc vkb eghus ckn esa rsjh Nkrh ij vk 23 csbwaxka** 072 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

77 iq= dks gksalyk nsus dh ctk, ;fn firk mls QVdkj yxkrk gs rks firk iq= ds fj'rs esa njkj vkuh 'kq# gks tkrh gsa blh flfkfr ds fujarj cus jgus ls lecu/kksa esa ruko c<+rk gsa ikfjokfjd fc[kjko] VwVu o ruko ds ifj.kkelo:i ikfjokfjd fo?kvu dh lel;k mriuu gks tkrh gs vfkkzr~ ikfjokfjd cu/kuksa dh fu;u=.k 'kfdr esa deh gks tkrh gs vksj lnl;ksa esa ersd; [kre gks tkrk gsa fu"d"kz :i ls ge dg ldrs gsa fd ifjokj esa?kqvu] fc[kjko] rfkk ruko us lecu/kksa esa ck/kk mriuu dj nh gsa ifjokj esa ftl izse vksj fu"bk ls lnl;,d&nwljs ds lkfk jgrs gsa ml izse vksj fu"bk esa deh vkuh 'kq# gks xbz gsa bl izdkj ikfjokfjd fj'rksa dk ijaijkxr :i cnyk gsa vk/kqfud oskkfud ;qx esa euq"; dh lksp HkkSfrdoknh cu xbz gsa mlesa HkkoukRedrk lekir gksrh tk jgh gsa ikfjokfjd VwVu o ruko ds fy, dsoy ;qok ih<+h gh fteesnkj ugha gksrh cfyd dgha&u&dgha muds eka&cki Hkh blds fy, fteesnkj gsaa vkt le; rsth ls ifjofrzr gks jgk gsa ftl rsth ls ;qok ih<+h dh lksp f'k{kk ds dkj.k] ik'pkr; izhkko ds dkj.k] HkkSfrdrk ds QSyko ds dkj.k cny jgh gs] rks cqtqxz ih<+h dks Hkh viuh lksp esa FkksM+k cgqr ifjorzu djuk im+sxka mugsa Hkh le; ds lkfk pyuk gksxk rfkk ;qok ih<+h dks vius lkfk ysrs gq, vkn'kksz vksj laldkjksa dh f'k{kk nsuh gksxha lunhkz xzafk lwph 1 xkmxhy e-ds-] ^fgunh,dkafd;ksa esa lkekftd thou dh vfhko;fdr*] i` ^';ke* lhrkjke >k] ^Hkkjrh; lekt dk Lo:i*] i` eksjoky Hkxokunkl] ^dkyk igkm+*] i` ogh-] i` eksjoky Hkxokunkl] ^jsr*] i` ikbd fou; dqekj] ^L=h foe'kz % iq#"k jpuk/kfezrk ds fo'ks"k lunhkz esa*] i` eksjoky Hkxokunkl] ^vllh ekwmy mqz lwcsnkj*] i` ogh] i` ogh] i` eksjoky Hkxokunkl] ^lhf<+;ka] ek vksj mldk nsork*] i` Kkuh f'konùk] ^Hkkjrh; lald`fr*] i` eksjoky Hkxokunkl] ^dkyk igkm+*] i` ogh- i` xqirk eatqyk] ^fgunh miu;kl % lekt vksj O;fDr dk }U}*] i` eksjoky Hkxokunkl] ^y{e.k js[kk*] i` ogh] i` mn~/k`r] Lo.kZyrk] ^fgunh miu;kl lkfgr; dh lekt'kkl=h; i`"bhkwfe*] i` eq[kthz johunzukfk] ^mppùkj lekt'kkl=h; fl¼kur*] i` eksjoky Hkxokunkl] ^dkyk igkm+*] i` eksjoky Hkxokunkl] ^vllh ekwmy mqz lwcsnkj*] i` ogh] i` eksjoky Hkxokunkl] ^y{e.k js[kk*] i`- 98 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

78 lekpkj i=ksa esa ekjokm+ yksd ifj"kn~ dk tu vkanksyu (1938&1948bZ-) vfhkeu;q dqekor 'kks/kkfkhz] egf"kz n;kuun ljlorh fo'ofo ky;] vtesj 'kks/k Lkkjka'k Lora=rk vkanksyu ds izsjd rfkk yksd ra= ds pksfks LrEHk lekpkj i=ksa us jk"vªh;&vurjkz"vªh; Lrj ij Hkkjr eas vaxsth o jkt; ljdkj dh 'kks"k.kkred uhfr;ksa o fø;kdykiksa ds fo:} nsfud lekpkj izdkf'kr dj tu vkanksyu dks mxz fd;ka jktklfkku esa 1920 ds ckn vtesj ls izdkf'kr vk;z lekt vksj xka/kh ls izsfjr lekpkj i=ksa us ekjokm+ yksd ifj"kn~ ds tu vkanksyu rfkk iztk ds lkekftd ljksdkjksa dks izdkf'kr dj ns'k HkfDr ls izsfjr Økafrdkfj;ksa o laxbuksa dks lelkef;d ifjflfkfr;ksa ds v/ ;u& fparu&euu vksj vkrekfhko;fdr dh izo`fr ds }kjk iztk ds dy;k.k gsrq Lora=rk vkanksyu dks O;kid Lo:i iznku fd;ka jktlfkku dsljh] uohu jktlfkku] r:.k jktklfkku] jktlfkku lans'k] uo jktlfkku] uot;skfr] iztk lsod] jktiwrkuk esy RkFkk u;k jktlfkku vkfn lepkj i=ksa esa jktlfkku dh fj;klrksa ds iztk eamy vkanksyu ds mùkjnk;h 'kklu dh ekax dks mxz cukus ds fy, iztk dks,drk ds lw= esa fijksus ds lkfk&lkfk lekt dks Lok/khurk izkfir ds y{; ds lkfk tksm+dj Lora=rk izkir djus esa lqy gks ldsa lekpkj i=ksa ds fujarj vfkd iz;klksa ls gh jktlfkku dk,dhdj.k lahko gks ldka ladsrk{kj % Lora=rk] lekpkj i=] ekjokm+ yksd ifj"kn~] mùkjnk;h 'kklu] jktlfkkua l 1- ekpkj i=ksa esa ekjokm+ yksd ifj"kn~ dk vkunksyu 1818 bz- dh lgk;d laf/k;ksa ds ckn jktiwrkuk dh vb~kjg fj;klrks us fczfv'k deiuh ljdkj ds fu;eksa&dkuwuksa esa vkc} gksdj viuh jktuhfrd Lora=rk lksai nha jktiwrkuk dh fj;klrksa dk,d jktuhfrd bzdkbz ds :Ik esa laxfbr ugha gksus dk ykhk fczfv'k deiuh ljdkj dks izkir gqvka fczfv'k ljdkj us 'kkldks dh vkurfjd Lok;Rrk lekir dj Lofgr iksf"kr uhfr ds vurxzr 'kkldkas esa vaxzsth lokszpprk ds izfr HkDr cus jgus dh ijeijk dks fodflr fd;ka fj;klrh njckjksa esa fczfv'k 2 lùkk ds izrhd iksfyfvdy,tsuv~l dh fu;qfdr dh xbza mudk fujurj 'kklu ds vkurfjd o ckgjh ekeyksa esa glr{ksi gksus ds dkj.k 'kkldkas vksj iztk ds e/; leidz de gksus yxka egkjktk iztk ds dy;k.kdkjh dk;kzsa ls foeq[k gksus yxsa iz'kklfud] vkffkzd rfkk jkt; ds xíh dss mùkjkf/kdkj lecu/kh fu.kz; vaxzsth ljdkj dh vuqefr ij fuhkzj gks 3- x,a vaxzsth glr{ksi dh uhfr us iztk esa vlarks"k dk Hkkouk dks c<+kok fn;ka 1857 bz- dk fonzksg dh 'kkldksa dh fczfv'k lg;ksx dh uhfr ds dkj.k ;g fonzksg vlqy gks x;ka 1 uoecj] 1858 bz- dks fczfv'k lkezkkh egkjkuh fodvksfj;k dh?kks"k.kk ds }kjk bzlv bf.m;k deiuh ds iz'kklu dh lekfir vksj fczfv'k Økmu ljdkj dh lokszpprk dh uhfr us fj;klrh 'kkldksa dks vaxszt HkDr cuk;sa j[kus ds fy, LVkj vkq bf.m;k dh mikf/k;k forfjr dh xbza 22 vdvwcj] 1870 bz- dks vtesj esa es;ks njckj esa 'kkldks o lkeurksa ls jktdqekjksa dh if'peh lh;rk&lald`fr ds vuq:ik <kyus ds fy, es;ks dkwyst vtesj esa [kksyus dh?kks"k.kk dh xbza ftlesa 'kkldksa o lkeurksa us ru&eu&/ku ls 074 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

79 5- lg;ksx fd;ka vaxzsth Økmu ljdkj us Hkh jktlo ij,dkf/kdkj dj vfkzo;olfkk ij fu;u=.k fd;k rfkk U;k; izcu/k }kjk vaxzsth fof/k iz.kkyh ij vk/kkfjr vf/kfu;e o dkuwuksa dks ikfjr dj Lofgr iksf"kr U;k;iz.kkyh dks ykxw fd;ka ftlls iztk o iz'kklu vaxsztksa dh 'kks"k.kkred uhfr ls fujurj 'kksf"kr gksrh xbz vksj vaxszth lkezkt;oknh uhfr dks folrkj feyrk x;ka 28 fnlecj 1885 dks cecbz esa LFkkfir Hkkjrh; jk"vªh; dkaxzsl esa lfeefyr cqf}thoh f'kf{kr oxz us Hkkjr esa c<rsa vaxzsthdj.k o vk/kqfudhdj.k ds 6 izokg ij jksd yxkus dk iz;kl fd;ka Lokeh n;kukun ljlorh }kjk LFkkfir vk;z lekt us osfnd ijeijk vksj ewy;ksa dks LFkkfir djus gsrq vk;z osfnd f'k{k.k lalfkkvksa dks [kksydj Lojk"Vª dh ifjdyiuk ds vurxzr,oa Lo/keZ] LoHkk"kk] Losn'kh o Lojkt dh 7- izkfir ij cy nsdj izpkj&izlkj fd;ka 1920 bz- ds ckn f'kf{kr oxz us vtesj ls izdkf'kr lekpkj i=ksa esa izdk'ku }kjk jk"vªh; vkanksyu dks mxz fd;ka 1938 bz- dss gfjiqjk dkaxzsl vf/kos'ku esa jktiwr fj;klrksa dh mùkjnk;h 'kklu dh ekax dks eatwj djus ds ckn lhkh 8- fj;klrksa esa jk"vhª; vkunksyu mxz gksrs x,a fj;klrksa esa vfhko;fdr dh Lora=rk izfrcfu/kr gksus ds dkj.k vtesj esjokm+k ls izdkf'kr lekpkj i=ksa us mùkjnk;h ljdkj dh ekax dk lefkzu dj fj;klrksa esa jk"vªh; vkunksyu dks xfr'khy cuk;ka ekjokm+ esa 18 ebz] 1938 bz- esa LFkkfir ekjokm+ yksd ifj"kn ftlus 9- mùkjnk;h 'kklu dh ekax izkajhk dj nha t;ukjk;.k O;kl us ekjokm+ yksd ifj"kn~ ds vkanksyu dks xzkeksueq[kha j.knksm+ nkl xvvkuh us lsokxzke esa 28 ekpz 1940 dks lka; 4 cts xka/kh th ls feydj ekjokm+ yksd ifj"kn~] tks/kiqj dh xfrfof/k;ksa dh tkudkjh nha fdlkukas ij Fkksih xbz ykx&ckx ls fdlku nks odr dh jksvh Hkh izkir ugha dj ik jgh gsa xka/khth us mugsa fdlkuks dks laxfbr gksdj fojks/k djus dh lykg nha 28 ekpz 1940 dks gh fj;klrh ljdkj us ekjokm+ vksmhzusul,dv] 1932 ds vurxzrk tks/kiqj esa ekjokm+ yksd ifj"kn~ dks xsj dkuwuh?kksf"kr dj t;ukjk;.k O;kl] vpys'oj izlkn] iq:"kksre izlkn] fd'kksjh yky esgrk] vhk;ey tsu] x.ks'kyky O;kl mlrkn rfkk Nxu jkt pksikluh okyk dks 29 ekpz dh 10 lqcg fxj rkj dj fy;ka - lùkk dh bl uhfr ds fo:} yksd ifj"kn~ ds vkanksyu dks xfr'khy cuk;s j[kus ds fy, vtesj ls efkqjk izlkn ekfkqj us usr`ro fd;ka 1 o 3 vizsy] 1940 dks tks/kiqj ds pksikluh cktkj esa lr;kxzfg;ksa }kjk tqywl fudkyus ij HkbZ ijekuun] gqdqejkt esgrk] fcjnh pan tks'kh rfkk efkqjk izlkn dks ca/kh cukdj ijcrlj ds fdys esa 11- utjcan dj fn;ka egkrek xka/kh o usg: us tks/kiqj ljdkj ds neupø dh vkykspuk dh vksj usg: us vf[ky Hkkjrh; ns'kh jkt; yksd ifj"kn ds egkea=h Jh }kjdkukfk dkp: dks 2 twu] 1940 esa ljdkj dh 12- uhfr tkudkjh ysus ds fy, tks/kiqj HkstkA vurr% 29 twu] 1940 dks jkt; ljdkj vksj ekjokm+ yksd ifj"kn~ ds e/;,d le>ksrk gqvk ftlds vurxzr jkt; ljdkj us ifj"kn~ dks dkuwuh eku;rk iznku dj lhkh fxj rkj jktusfrd dsfn;ksa dks fjgk dj fn;k 13- x;ka 9 Qjojh] 1942 dks ykmuw esa mùkjnk;h fnol ds uke ls ekjokm+ yksd ifj"kn dk [kqyk vf/kos'ku j.knksm+nkl xvvkuh ds lhkkifrro esa gqvk ftlesa csxkj izfkk dks lekir dj ekjokm+ fj;klr esa mùkjnk;h 'kklu dh 14 ekax dh - vksj 28 ekpz] 1942 dks iqu% mùkjnk;h 15- 'kklu fnol eukus dk fu'p; fd;ka ejokm+ ds pankoy xkao ds fbdkusnkj us jkt; iqfyl dh lgk;rk ls yksd ifj"kn~ ds lnl;ksa vksj ukxfjdksa ij ykfb;k pyok;ha jkt; ljdkj us bl {ks= esa nl ekg ds fy, 16- /kkjk 144 ykxw dj nha 26 ebz] 1942 t;ukjk;.k O;kl RkFkk 29 ebz dks efkqjknkl ekfkqj] Lokeh psunkl] vpys'oj izlkn] x.ks'khyky O;kl RkFkk Nxujkt dks fxj rkj dj fy;k x;ka jkt; ljdkj dh bl neudkjh uhfr dh lhkh lekpkj i=ksa esa rfkk v[khy Hkkjrh; ns'kh; jkt; yksd ifj"kn~ us bldh 17- vkykspuk dha tsy esa buds lkfk fd;s x;s nqo;zogkj o ;krukvksa ds dkj.k 19 twu] 1942 dks ckyeqdqun fcllk dh eqr;q gks xbza bl ij egkrek xka/kh us xgjk nq%[k O;Dr dj tks/kiqj egkjktk meesn flag dks fy[kk fd vki bl?kvuk ls vo'; lcd yasxs vksj jkt; esa neupø dks lekir dj mùkjnk;h 'kklu dh LFkkiuk 18- djus esa ekjokm+ yksd ifj"kn~ dk lg;ksx djsaxsa tks/kiqj esa c<rs gq, vkanksyu dh mxzrk us fl+=;ksa dks Hkh emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

80 vkanksyu esa lfeefyr gksus ds izsfjr fd;k] 17 tqykbz] 1942 dks efgeknsoh fdadj us 11 efgykvksa ds lkfk dslfj;k lkm+h igudj 'kgj esa?kavk?kj ds lehi 19 lr;kxzg dj fojks/k izdv fd;ka - 26 tqykbz dks ekjokm+ lr;kxzg fnol euk;k x;ka QSyksnh] lkstr] ukxksj] MhMokuk] ykmuw] dqpkeu vkfn {ks=ksa esa bldk 20- O;kid vlj gqvka 4 vxlr] 1942 bz- es t;ukjk;.k O;kl dks 6 o"kz N% eghus dks dbksj dkjkokl fn;k x;ka lekpkj i=ksa }kjk jkt; ljdkj 21 dh uhfr dk?kksj fojks/k fd;k x;ka - 8 vxlr] 1942 dks xka/kh dk Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu vksj djks ;k ejks ds ukjs us fczfv'k ljdkj ds fo:} ns'k O;kih Øakfr dk vkxkt fd;ka NTtwjke jsyos xkmz us 11 vxlr dks jsyos ds tks/kiqj esa rkj dkav fn;s lwjfr izdk'k us jsyos ykbzu dusd'ku dkav fn;s rfkk iq[kjkt o cnzhizlkn ds lkfk feydj ce cukdj vaxzst jslhmaslh] fxjtk?kj] flusekx`g o iqfyl Fkkus ij ce folqksv fd;k ftlls jkt; o vaxszt ljdkj ng'kr esa vk 22- xbza Hkkjr NksM+ks vknksayu dks fu;af=r djus ds fy, tks/kiqj esa vtesj ls 300 toku flikgh 'kl=ksa ds lkfk rfkk ulhjkckn ls 200 lsfudksa dh,d cvkfy;u Hksth 23 xbza - bu lsfudksa us tks/kiqj ds ckgjh {ks=ksa rfkk nwjlfk xkaoksa eas cuk;s tk jgsa ce dh QSfDVª;ksa dh ryk'k dh] Jh lhrkjke lksyadh ds ljnkjiqjk dh ckjgoha jksm+ rfkk tksjkoy cksmk dk jkrkuk+m+k flfkr edku ij Nkik ekjdj ce cukus dh ikvhz esa lfeefyr Jh ykykpan tsu] nsojkt] mxejkt eqg.kksr] izsejkt cksm+k] fot; fd'ku O;kl] gjh'k eukor] fd'kujkt esgrk os rfkk,moksdsv eqjyh euksgj O;kl dks fxj rkj fd;k x;ka eqjyh euksgj O;kl vksj gjh'k eukor rfkk ckyfd'ku Jh ekyh }kjk ljdkjh eq[kchj cuus ds dkj.k mugsa NksM+ fn;k x;ka o vu; dqy 33 cafn;ksa lsuvªy tsy] tks/kiqj esa jktcanh ds :i eas csjd u%&3 (v) esa j[kk x;ka 16 vxlr 1942 dks vkanksyu ds izeq[k }kjdkizlkn iqjksfgr vksj gqdejkt esgrk dks C;koj esa canh cukus ds ckn Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu dk izhkko tks/kiqj esa yxhkx f'kffky gks x;ka ijurq ekjokm+ yksd ifj"kn~ dk mùkjnk;h 'kklu dh ekax dk vkanksyu iqu% mxz gksu yxka Qyr% 18 vxlr] 1942 dks Jh xksiky nslkbz dks cecbz] yw.kdj.k nthz o ek.kdyky dks QykSnh] Jh xqyke jlwy rsyh o ckyd`".k dks iksdj.k] Jhefr efgeknsoh fdadj] lq'khyk O;kl RkFkk ljnkj dksj O;kl dks lkstr flvh esa fxj rkj dj yksd ifj"kn~ ds 25 vkanksyu dks f'kffky dj fn;ka - blh izdkj 26 vxlr] 1942 j{kkca/ku ds fnu Hkh ;qok vkunksyudkjh leirjkt ywadm+ ckyd`".k Fkkuoh] jrunkl fueckor o gsejkt O;kl dks jktnzksg ds vijk/k es QykSnh esa utjcan dj fn;ka iqfyl lqifjvsms.v th cjdr vyyk us 29 vxlrk] 1942 dks QykSnh esa fudkys x, tqyql ij ifkjko djok;ka Jh cpnjkt tks'kh] xaxkfo".kq pk.m+k] 'kadjyky Lo.kZdkj dks iqfyl us 'kkjhfjd ;kruk,a nh lsdm+ksa fxj rkfj;k nh xbza QykSnh ds [khapu xkao esa gkfk ls dkrs gqbz [kknh cukus o iguus&[kknh cukus] [kknh Vksih o dqrsz&iktkek iguus ij bls jktnzksg dk izrhd ekuk x;ka Jh nsod`".k nkuoh dh iruh lq[kh nsoh us yxhkx iunzg efgykvksa ds lkfk frjaxk /Okt gkfk esa ysdj iqfyl Fkkus ij fojks/k fd;ka Jh iuukyky xksnfm+;k] f'kodj.k Fkkuoh dks fxj rkj fd;k x;ka vksj r[rrx<+ tks/kiqj ls 5 ehy (8 fdyksehvj) dh nwjh ij dkykuk ehy ds ikl ÅapkbZ ij flfkr x<+ esa utjcan dj fn;k x;k tgk j.knksm+ nkl xv~vkuh] o vu; dbz 26- dk;zdrkz canh FksA 18 ebz] 1944 dks xaxknkl O;kl o t;ukjk;.k O;kl us jkt; ds eq[;ea=h duzy Mh-,e-QhYM dh cfun;ksa dks eqdr djus gsrq,d i= 27- fy[kka vksj le>ksrs ds ckn 29 ebz] 1944 dks lhkh jktcunh eqdr dj fn;s x;sa ekjokm+ yksd ifj"kn dk ;g vkunksyu 26 ebz] 1942 dks izkajhk gqvk ebaz] 1944 dks lekir gqvka 10 vdvwcj] 1945 dks togjyky usg: tks/kiqj vk, os egkjktk meesnflag eq[;ea=h lh-,l- osdvkpkjh ls feysa twu] 1945 bz- esa jkt; ljdkj us dqn laos/kkfud lq/kkjks dks ykxw djus dh?kks"k.kk dha 28 Qjojh& 2 ekpz 1946 dks yksd ifj"kn~ esa vius uosa vf/kos'ku esa iw.kz mùkjnk;h ljdkj dh LFkkiuk dh ekax dh vksj egkjktk dks los/kkfud v/;{k ds :i esa dk;z djus 29- dks dgka 2 vdvwcj] 1946 dks ekjokm+ yksd ifj"kn~ us MhMokuk] ukxksj] dqpkeu] QykSnh] lkstr RkFkk iksdj.k esa tqyql fudkydj fo'kky lhkk vk;ksftr dh 076 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

81 ftl ij iqfyl us ykfb;ka pykdj HkhM+ dks frrj&fcrj dj fn;ka 13 ekpz 1947 dks MhMokuk ds Mkcjk {ks= esa ekjokm+ yksd ifj"kn~ dk,d fo'kky Lrj ij lhkk dk vk;kstu gqvk ftlesa jkt; ljdkj us tfy;kaokyk ckx dkam dh rjg xksfy;ka pyk;ha 250 yksx?kk;y 27 yksx?kvuk LFky ij gh ekjs x;s rfkk jk/kk d`".k] }kjdk izlkn iqjkfgr o efkqjk izlkn ekfkqj fxj rkj gq,a bl lhkk dk m}s'; tehankjksa rfkk tkxhnkjksa }kjk fdlkuksa ls olwy fd;s tk jgs xsj dkuwuh ykx&ckx dks 30 lekir djuk FkkA - 25 twu] 1947 dks egkjktk meesnflg dh e`r;q ds ckn muds ;qok iq= guqourflag (1947&1949) egkjktk cus ftugksus mùkjnk;h 'kklu dh ekax dk lefkzu ugha fd;ka Qyr% 16 uoecj] 1947 dks fo/kkulhkk fojks/k fnol rfkk 17 uoecj] 1947 dks,.vh vlsacyh dkaqzsl Ms dk vk;kstu fd;k x;ka egkjktk us bls xsj dkuwuh ekudj tks/kiqj esa /kkjk 144 ykxw dj nha egkjktk us ekjokm+ yksd ifj"kn~ dh ekax dks lekir djus ds fy, xsj jktiwr vksj jktiwrksa esa la?k"kz dh Hkkouk dks 31 mrrsftr fd;ka - 28 Qjojh] 1948 dks Hkkjr ljdkj us oh-ih- esuu dks tks/kiqj Hkstk] vurr% 1 ekpz 1948 dks t; ukjk;.k O;kl ds usr`ro esa,d eaf=eamy dk xbu fd;k ftlesa yksd ifj"kn~ dks cgqer izkirk gqvk vksj bl izdkj ekjokm+ esa lr;kxzg 32 vkanksyu lekir gqvka - 30 ekpz] 1948 dks tks/kiqj dk o`gùk jktlfkku esa lfeefyr gksus ij jkt; ljdkj dk fujadq'k jktra= Hkh lekir gk ldka fu"d"kzr% ekjokm+ jkt; esa jkt; ljdkj vksj tkxhjnkjksa esa vaxzst ljdkj dks [kq'k j[kus ds fy, iztk o fdlkuksa ij djkjksfir dj mudk vkffkzd] 'kkjhfjd rfkk ekufld 'kks"k.k fd;ka Jh n;kuun ljlorh o mudh lalfkk vk;z lekt esa ekjokm+ esa 'ksf{kd o jktuhfrd psruk dk izknqhkkzo fd;ka 1885 esa LFkkfir v[khy Hkkjrh; dkaxzsl us jk"vªokn vksj jk"vªh; Lora=rk vkanksyu dks,d u;k eap fn;k ftlls H k k j r h ; j k t u h f r u s l e k p k j i = k s a u s jk"vªh;&vurjkz"vªh; Lrj ij izpkj&izlkj dj mxz jk"vªokn dks xfr'khy cuk;ka jktiwrkuk esa Lora= lekpkj i=ksa ds izdk'ku dk dsunz LFkku fczfv'k 'kkflr izkar vtesj&esjokm+k dk tgka ls 1920 ls 1948 rd izdkf'kr yxhkx 40 lekpkj i=ksa us fufhkzdrk ls jk"vªh; vkanksyu dks Rofjr fd;ka jkt; ljdkj] tkxhnkj&tehankj o vaxzsth ljdkj ds fujadq'k jktuhfrd jos;s rfkk vkffkzd 'kkss"k.k dh uhfr o neudkjh uhfr dh [kqy dj HkRlZuk dha 1920 ds ckn LFkkuh; lalfkkvksa o lekpkj i=ksa us jktuhfrd vf/kdkjksa rfkk 1940 bz- esa mùkjnk;h 'kklu dh ekax dks O;kid o folrfjr djus esa egroiw.kz Hkwfedk fuhkk;ha 15 vxlr 1947 dks Hkkjr dk Lora=rk fnol ds vk;kstu ds ckn jktlfkku esa 30 ekpz 1949 dks jke uoeha ds 'kqhk eqgqrz ij iafmr ghjkyky 'kkl=h ds usr`ro esa,dhd`r o`gùk jktlfkku dk fuekz.k gqvka yacs la?k"kz] R;kx vksj cfynku ds ckn gh jktlfkku dh tu vkdak{kkvksa dh iwfrz gks ldha lunhkz xzafk lwph 1- vyoj] ckalokm+k] Hkjriqj] chdkusj] cwanh] /kksyiqj] Mwaxjiqj] t;iqj] tslsyesj] >kykokm+] tks/kiqj] djksyh] fd'kux<+] izrkix<+] mn;iqj] Vksad] fljksgh rfkk nks fbdkus ykok o 'kkgiqjka fczfv'k 'kkflr izakr vtesj&esjokm+k FkkA vk;z ekrz.m] 1 ekpz] 1923 lkirkfgd fgunh] vtesj 2- vk;z ekrz.m] 1 uoeckj vukfkz j{kd 1 twu] 1931 ekfld fgunh vtesj uot;ksfr] 2 Qjojh] 1937 lkirkfgd fgunh vtesj dh Økafr esa ftu jktiwr 'kkldksa us vaxzsth ljdkj dk ru^&eu&/ku ls lefkzu fd;ka mugsa egkjkuh fodvksfj;k us baxys.m dh leizhkqrk dks Hkkjr esa cuk;s j[kus ds fy, 1861 esa LVkj vkwq bf.m;k dk LkEeku izkajhk fd;ka 1. GCSI (Knight grand commander of the Star of India. 2. KCSI- Knight commander Star of India. 3. CSI - Companion Star of India ebz] 1866 dks t;iqj] tks/kiqj] mn;iqj 'kkldkssa dh GCSI rfkk dsjksyh dks RCSI dk leeku izkir gqvka n yunu xtv] 20 Qjojh] 1866 rfkk 1 twu] ekpz] 1875 bz- esa ekjokm+ egkjktk tlour flag dks GCSI rfkk 22 uoecj] 1882 bz- dks esokm+ egkjk.kk lttuflag dks ykmz fjiu us GCSI dk leeku fn;ka fgunqlrku 1 ekpz] 1952 n yunu xtv] 30 uoecj] 1882 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

82 esa vyoj egkjktk eaxyflag dks KGCSI (Knight commander Star of India) ls leekfur fd;k x;ka 4- chdkusj egkjktk xxkaflg dks 1900 bz- esa dslj&,&fgun] 24 tqykbz] 1901 esa KCIE (Knight commander of the order of the Indian empire), 1907 bz- esa GCIEC (Knight grand commander of the order of the Indian empire), 1904 bz- KCSI 1911 esa GCSI RkFkk fnlecj 1918 esa izfke fo'o ;q} esa baxys.m dk lg;ksx djus ds dkj.k British war Medal and Victory Medal ls egkjktk dks vayd`r fd;k x;ka fgunqlrku] 1 ekpz] 1952] uot;ksfr 7 uoecj] vyoj ds jktdqekj eaxyflag us es;ks dkwyst esa lozizfke izos'k fy;ka QkSjsu iksfyfvdy fmikvzesav u%7 425] 21 tuojh 1875 isjk 308 fvªc;wu] 1 tuojh] fvªc;wu] 1 Qjojh] Hkkjrks}kjd & 1 ekpz] 1886] vukfk j{kd& 1 twu] uothou] 13 uoecj] uot;ksfr] 25 ebz] 1938] vk;z ekrz.m& 29 ebz] n vtqzu] 31 ekpz] 1940] lsfud 1 vizsy] 1940] esokm+ LVsV xtsfv;j] 28 ekpz] n fgunqlrku VkbZEl] 31 ekpz] 1940] uot;ksfr] 1 vizsy] dez Hkwfe 17 twu] 1940 jkt; dk jkuhfrd dk okrkoj.k ne?kksavw Fkk vksj,d VkbZijkbVj rd dk jftlvsª'ku djokuk vfuok;z FkkA gfjtu] 29 twu] 1940] ohj vtqzu] 28 twu 1940] uot;ksfr] 30 twu] n fgunqlrku VkbZEl] 30 twu] uot;ksfr 11 Qjojh] 1942 fj;klr] 12 Qjojh] ohj vtqzu] 30 ekpz 1942 t;ukjk;.k O;kl us tks/kiqj jkt; ljdkj dh neudkjh uhfr ij nks iqlrds& ekjokm+ esa mùkjnk;h 'kk;u vksj tks/kiqj dh flfkfr vtesj ls izdkf'kr djok;h] tks/kiqj egkjktk us t;ukjk;.k dks tks/kiqj ls cfg"d`r djus dh psrkouh nha uot;ksfr] 1 vizsy] 1942] vk;z ekrz.m] 5 vizsy] tks/kiqj fjdkmzl u%& 68] 18 viszy] 1942] bzejtslh vkmzj vkwq ykw fmikvzesav uot;ksfr 20 vizsy] 1942] 17- n fgunqlrkku VkbZEl] 6 ebz] gfjtu] 22 twu] 1942] fj;klr] 22 twu] 1942] uot;ksfr] 23 twu] n fgunqlrkku VkbZEl] 18 tqykbz] uot;ksfr] 30 tqykbz] 1942] iztk lsod] 31 tqykbz] iztk lsod] 6 vxlr] 1942] uot;ksfr] 7 vxlr] 1942] vk;z ekrz.m] 6 vxlr] uot;sfr] 10 vxlr- 1942] vk;z ekrz.m] 10 vxlr] vtesj deh'kuj fjdkmz u%& 61 fczfv'k iqfyl fjtzo daekmksa tkwu lsqh] tks/kijq dk 12 vxlr] 1942 dks vtesj phq deh'kuj dks fy[kk i= Øekad 201@tks/kiqj LVsV iztk lsod 20 vxlr] n fgunqlrkku VkbZEl] 20 vxlrk] 1942] uot;ksfr 21 vxlr] VkbZEl vkwq bafm;k] 25 vxlr] uot;ksfr 16 ekpz ] 1948] iqfyl QkbZy u%7 1016] jftlvj& 104] tks/kiqj] 8 vxlr] 1942 ls 20 vxlr] 1942 i`-140& n fgunqlrkku VkbZEl] 22 ebz] 1944] tks/kiqj fjdkmzl u%& 175] vxlr Økafr 1942] ekjokm+ yksd ifj"kn 18 ebz 1944 ls 19 ebz] uot;ksfr] 2 twu iztk lsod] 5 ekpz 1946] uot;ksfr] 8 ekpz] n LVsV~l esu 6 vdvwcj 1946] uot;ksfr] 8 vdvwcj] iztk lsod] 20 uoecj] 1947] uot;ksfr 21 uoecj] uothou] 16 ekpz] 1948] uot;ksfr] 1 vizsy] emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

83 egkrek xk /kh dk f'k{kk n'kzu% cqfu;knh f'k{kk ns'kjkt ;kno lgk;d vkpk;z] Ykk-c-Hkk- jktdh; LukrdksÙkj egkfo ky;] dksviwryh 'kks/k Lkkjka'k egkrek xk /khth dk fpuru {ks= dsoy jktuhfr rd lhfer ugha Fkk vfirq mugksuas thou ds izr;sd {ks= esa fopkj fd;ka mugkasus jktuhfrd ØkfUr ds lkfk&lkfk lkekftd ØkfUr dks Hkh tue fn;ka muds lelr fpuru dk vk/kkj,d,slh O;oLFkk dh LFkkiuk djuk Fkk tks lr;] vfgalk] usfrdrk] izse] LokoyEcu o vkrefuhkzjrk ij vk/kkfjr gksa bl vkn'kz O;oLFkk dh LFkkiuk ds fy, f'k{kk dks vko';d ekurs FksA xk /khth f'k{kk dks vkn'kz lkekftd iz.kkyh dh uhao ekurs FksA os f'k{kk dks Kku fo'ks"k ds lhfer nk;js rd gh lhfer j[kus ds i{k/kj ugha Fks] vfirq mudk ekuuk Fkk fd f'k{kk dk mn~ns'; thou ds fofhkuu {ks=ksa dh lel;kvksa dk lek/kku djuk rfkk O;fDr dks LokoyEch o vkrefukhkzj cukuk gsa blds fy, xka/kh th cqfu;knh f'k{kk dks vko';d ekurs FksA bl gsrq mugksaus Hkkjr esa izpfyr RAW''(Reading, Arithmetical and Writing) iz.kkyh ds LFkku ij ij 3H(Head, Hand, Heart) dks f'k{kk dk vk/kkj cuk;s tkus ij cy fn;k rkfd ekuo thou ds rhu egroiw.kz i{kksa& Kku] dez o Hkkoukvksa dk ifjektzu dj ns'k ds fy, LoLFk] mi;ksxh o LokoyEch ;qok oxz dk fuekzzz.k fd;k tk ldsa ladsrk{kj % cqfu;knh f'k{kk] lr;] LokoyEch] vkrefuhkzjrk] RAW, 3H, U;k;iw.kZ O;oLFkk] ekr`hkk"kk] lkeçnkf;drka xk /kh th ds vuqlkj lpph f'k{kk dk vfkz gs] O;fDr }kjk mlds ije rro dh igpku vksj bl Kku dks 1 vkpj.k esa mrkjus dh izsj.kk] {kerk vksj rrijrka bl izdkj xk /khth dh f'k{kk dh vo/kkj.kk esa v{kj&kku ;k ckgjh lwpukvksa ds laxzg dk vf/kd egro ugha gsa mudk er gs fd lpph f'k{kk og gs tks O;fDr esa vkrekku dh {kerk fodflr djsa xk /kh th ds 'kcnksa esa lpps Kku dk vfkz gs& O;fDr dh lr~ vksj vlr~ esa Hksn djus dh {kerka,slk iqlrd Kku tks O;fDr esa ;g {kerk mriuu ugha dj ikrk] Kku ugha] dsoy iqlrd izse gsa** xk /kh th us f'k{kk] pfj= vksj /kez esa vkurfjd?kfu"brk dks Lohdkj fd;k gsa mudk er gs fd bu rhuksa ds feyu ls gh O;fDr vkre lk{kkrdkj dk vuqhko dj ldrk gsa os pfj= fuekz.k dks f'k{kk dk izeq[k vk/kkj ekurs FksA f'k{kk dh ;kstuk egkrek xk /kh vaxzstksa }kjk Hkkjr esa nh tkus okyh RAW''(Reading, Arithmetical and Writing) f'k{kk i}fr ds f[kykq FksA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd RAW iz.kkyh ls dhkh Hkh vkrefuhkzj,oa LokoyEch ;qod rs;kj ugha fd;s tk ldrs gsa vaxzstksa us ;g f'k{kk iz.kkyh] fczfv'k lkezkt; ds fy, ekuo lalk/ku ds :Ik esa RAW'' esvsfj;y rs;kj djus ds fy, fufezr dh gsa xk /kh th ds vuqlkj ;g iz.kkyh%& emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

84 Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø jk"vªhkkouk ls 'kwu; gs egt fnekxh,oa dez.;rkghu gs fons'kh Hkk"kk ds ek/;e ls nh tkrh gs LFkkuh; vko';drkvksa,oa ekuoh; laosnukvkas ls jfgr gs bldk mn~ns';,d,sls i<s+&fy[ks oxz dk fuekz.k djuk gs tks dsoy vaxzstksa ds fy, midj.k ds :Ik esa dk;z dj ldsa rfkk viuh tm+ks ls dv tk;sa xk /khth f'k{kk dks,d,slk ek/;e ekurs Fks tks O;fDr dh l`tukred {kerk dk fodkl dj lekt ds fy, mi;ksxh ekuo 'kfdr dk fuekza.k djsaa xk /kh th ds 'kcnksa esa ^^f'k{kk ls esjk vfhkizk; ;g gs fd ckyd dh ;k izks<+ dh 'kjhj] eu rfkk vkrek dh mùke {kerkvksa dks mn~/kkfvr fd;k tk, vksj ckgj izdk'k esa yk;k tk,a v{kj Kku u rks f'k{kk dk vfure y{; gs vksj u mldk vkjehka og rks euq"; dh f'k{kk ds dbz lk/kuksa esa ls,d lk/ku gsa v{kj Kku vius vki esssssa f'k{kk ugha gsa blfy, esa cpps dh f'k{kk dk Jhx.ks'k mls dksbz mi;ksxh nlrdkjh fl[kkdj] vksj ftl {k.k ls viuh f'k{kk vkjehk djs mlh {k.k ls mls mriknu ds ;ksx; cukdj d:axka esjk er gs fd bl izdkj dh f'k{kk iz.kkyh esa 2 eflr"d vksj vkrek dk mppre fodkl lahko gsa** bl izdkj xk /kh th vaxzstksa }kjk nh tk jgh RAW'' iz.kkyh ds LFkku ij 3H(Head, Hand, Heart) dh f'k{kk iznku ds i{k/kj Fks A mugksaus dgk] ^^euq"; u dsoy cqf¼ ls] u dsoy 'kjhj ls vksj u dsoy ân; vksj vkrek ls vfirq rhuksa ds leku fodkl ls gh euq"; dk 3 euq";ro fl+¼ gksxka blh esa lppk Kku gsa** cqfu;knh f'k{kk xka/khth ds f'k{kk n'kzu dk egroiw.kz rro cqfu;knh f'k{kk ;kstuk gs] ftls mugkasus lu~ 1937 esa o/kkz esa vk;ksftr ^vf[ky Hkkjrh; f'k{kk leesyu* esaa izlrqr fd;ka xk /khth cqfu;knh f'k{kk iz.kkyh }kjk ân;] cqf¼,oa 'kjhj rhuksa dk lfeefyr fodkl djuk pkgrs FksA mugkasus f'k{kk iz.kkyh dks Hkkjr dh vko';drkvksa ds vuq:ik laxfbr djus rfkk izkfkfed,oa ek/;fed f'k{kk dks xzkeksueq[k cukus ij cy fn;ka xk /khth us bl laca/k esa fy[kk] ^^bl rkfye dh ea'kk ;g gs fd xkao ds cppksa dks lq/kkj&laokj dj mugas xk o dk vkn'kz ckf'kunk cuk;k tk,a bldh ;kstuk [kkldj mugha dks 4 /;ku esa j[kdj cuh gsa** bl izdkj xka/khth cqfu;knh f'k{kk ;kstuk ds ek/;e ls,d,sls ;qok oxz dk fuekz.k djuk pkgrs Fks tks xzkeh.k okrkoj.k esa xzkeh.k vko';drkvksa dks le>dj mudh iwfrz ds fy, vko';d {kerk vftzr dj ldsa vksj muesa xzke lsok ds izfr leiz.k dk Hkko fodflr gksa xk /khth dh cqfu;knh f'k{kk ;kstuk ds izeq[k i{k fueu gsa% & Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø cqfu;knh f'k{kk 7 ls 14 o"kz ds ckyd&ckfydkvksa ds fy, vfuok;z,oa fu%'kqyd gkssa csfld f'k{kk ds ikb~øe dh vof/k 7 o"kz dh gksa f'k{kk ekr`hkk"kk esa iznku dh tk;sa leidz Hkk"kk ds :Ik esa varj&izkurh; Hkk"kk lh[kus ij cya f'k{kk esa f'kyi o glrdyk dks izeq[k LFkku fn;k tk;sa f'kyi dh f'k{kk bl izdkj nh tk;s fd og mlds lkekftd,oa oskkfud egro dks le> ldsa 'kkjhfjd Je dks egro iznku fd;k tk;s rkfd lh[ks gq, f'kyi ds }kjk thfodksiktzu dj ldsa mlesa Je ds izfr xksjo dk Hkko isnk gksa f'k{kk Loiks"kh gks rkfd ckyd esa LokoyEcu,oa vkrefuhkzjrk ds xq.k fodflr gksa ckyd o ckfydkvksa ds fy,,d leku ikb~;øe gksa bleaas lkeiznkf;d /kkfezd f'k{kk ds fy, dksbz txg ugha gksxha xk /kh th izkfkfed f'k{kk dks vfuok;z,oa fu%'kqyd cukuk pkgrs Fks] rkfd lhkh dks Hkh f'k{kk ds leku volj izkir gksa Xk k/khth us dgk] ^^esa Hkkjr ds fy, fu%'kqyd vksj vfuok;z izkfkfed f'k{kk ds fl¼kur dks n`<+rkiwozd ekurk gw A esa ;g Hkh ekurk gw fd bl y{; dks ikus dk flqz,d gh jklrk gs fd ge cppksa dks 080 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

85 mi;ksxh m ksx fl[kk;sa vksj mlds }kjk mudh 'kkjhfjd] ekufld rfkk vk/;kfred 'kfdr;ksa dk fodkl fl¼ djsaa,slk fd;k tk;s rks U;k;iw.kZ lekt O;oLFkk dh uhao ims+xh] ftlls vehjksa vksj xjhcksa ds vlokhkkfod fohksn dh xqatkb'k ugha gksxh vksj gj,d dks thou&etnwjh vksj Lora=rk ds vf/kdkjksa dk 5 vk'oklu fn;k tk ldsxka** xk /khth er Fkk fd csfld f'k{kk ds ikb~;øe dh vof/k 7 o"kz dh gks vksj bl Lrj ij nh tkus okyh f'k{kk dk ikb~øe orzeku esfvªd ds led{k gksa xk /khth pkgrs Fks fd 7 ls 14 o"kz ds ckyd,oa ckfydkvksa dks vfuok;z,oa fu%'kqyd f'k{kk iznku dh tk;sa xk /khth ds bl LoIu dks Hkkjr ljdkj us f'k{kk ds vf/kdkj ds ek/;e ls vc tkdj iwjk fd;k gsa xk /khth ekr`hkk"kk esa f'k{kk nsus ds izcy i{k/kj FksA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd Hkk"kk ek= vfhko;fdr dk ek/;e ugha gsa Hkk"kk ds lkfk ml ns'k dh viuh lh;rk] lald`fr] vkrepsruk,oa jk"vªh;rk tqm+h gqbz gksrh gsa vaxzsth ds c<+rs izhkko,oa Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds izfr mis{kk ds Hkko us jk"vªh; vflerk,oa lkekftd&lkald`frd,drk ds fy, /khes tgj dk dke fd;k gsa xk /khth us xqtjkrh f'k{kk leesyu esa cksyrs gq, dgk Fkk fd ^^ fons'kh Hkk"kk esa f'k{kk ikus ls fnekx ij tks cks> im+rk gs] og vlá gsa----blls gekjs Lukrd fudees] detksj] fu#rlkgh] jksxh o dksjs udyph cu tkrs gsa] muesa [kkst fopkj djus dh 'kfdr] lkgl] /khjt] ohjrk] fum+jrk vksj vu; xq.k {kh.k gks tkrs gsa** xka/khth Hkkjr us Hkk"kk;h fofo/krk dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, ns'k esa,d varj izkurh; Hkk"kk lh[kus dh vko';drk ij cy fn;ka mugksusa dgk] ^^ pq fda bl rkyhe dks ikus okys yk[kksa&djksmksa+ fo kfkhz vius vkidks lkjs fgunqlrku dk ukxfjd le>saxs] blfy, mugsa,d varj izkurh; Hkk"kk lh[kuh gksxha lkjs ns'k dh ;g,d Hkk"kk ukxjh ;k mnwz esa fy[kh tkus okyh fgunqlrkuh gks ldrh gsa blfy, fo kffkz;ksa dks nksuksa 6 fyfi;k vpnh rjg lh[kuh gksxha** fons'kh f'k{kk i}fr dk lcls cm+k nks"k ;g Fkk fd og cppksa ds euksfokku] mudh vko';drkvksa,oa mudh lgt izo`fr;ksa ds vuqdwy ugha FkhA mlesa v{kj Kku ij vf/kd /;ku fn;k tkrk Fkk tc fd fdz;kred i{k dh mis{kk dh tkrh FkhA blls cpps ds LokHkkfod fodkl ij izfrdwy im+rk gsa xk /khth us dgk] ^^NksVs&NksV cppksa dh cqf¼ ij le; ls igys o.kzekyk dk cks> ykndj vksj mls f'k{kk dk Jhx.ks'k ekudj ge ckyd ds 7 LokHkkfod fodkl dks jksd nsrs gsa vc tcfd fofhkuu 'kks/kksa ls ;g fl¼ gks pqdk gs fd cppk viuh nqfu;k dks tkuus ds fy, fnekx dk mruk lgkjk ugha ysrk ftruk vius gkfk&isj,oa vkl&ikl ds ifjos'k dk lgkjk ysrk gsa vr% xk /kh th ds vuqlkj f'k{kk ds izkjehk esa v{kj Kku ds LFkku ij fdz;kred i{k ij /;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,a mls vius vkl&ikl ds okrkoj.k] bfrgkl] xf.kr vksj drkbz dyk dk eksf[kd Kku djk;k tkuk pkfg,a blls u dsoy mldh lgt cqf¼ dk fodkl gksxk cfyd ;g ml dh LokHkkfod izo`fr] ds vuqdwy gksus ds dkj.k mlesa v/;;u ds izfr #fp,oa ftkklk dh izo`fr;kw fodflr gksxha egkrek xk /kh us vius ys[kksa,oa Hkk"k.kksa esa dbz ckj bl ckr ij vk'p;z izdv fd;k gs fd gtkjksa&gtkj uo ;qod ch-,-,e-,- rd i<+&fy[kdj Hkh ;g ugha tku ikrs fd lalkj esa mugsa D;k djuk gsa bl dk dkj.k ;gh gs fd mudh f'k{kk dsoy v{kj Kku ij vk/kkfjr fdz;kred,oa O;ogkfjd thou ls fofpnu jgh gsa xk /kh th dk ekuuk Fkk fd f'k{kk iz.kkyh,slh gks tks ckydksa dks gkfk&isj ls fdz;kred iz;ksx djus nsa xk /khth us dgk ^f'k{kk dh esjh ;kstuk esa gkfk v{kj 8 fy[kuk lh[kus ds igys vkstkj pykuk lh[ksa* os izkfkfed,oa ek?;fed f'k{kk esa xf.kr] Hkwxksy] bfrgkl ds LkkFk&lkFk fdlh nlrdkjh ;k m/kksx dh f'k{kk dks vko ;d ekurs FksA bu m ksxksa esa xk /khth us cqfu;knh y?kq,oa dqvhj m ksx /ka/kksa dks lfeefyr fd;k gs ftlesa iw th,oa e'khu ds LFkku ij Je dh vko';drk gksrh gsa bl Js.kh esa xk /khth us drkbz] cqukbz] c<+bzxhjh] yksgs dk dke] pems+ dk dke] [ksrh ckxokuh vkfn dks izeq[k LFkku fn;k gsa xk /kh th f'k{kk iz.kkyh esa bl izdkj lq/kkj djuk pkgrs Fks fd mugsa f'k{kk izkir djus ds ckn jkstxkj ds fy, dgha csdkj ugha?kweuk ims+a xk /khth f'k{kk dks vkrefuhkzj,oa Loiks"kh cukuk pkgrs emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

86 FksA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd jkt; dks f'k{k.k lalfkkvksa dks foùkh; lgk;rk nsus ds LFkku ij fo ky;ksa esa cppksa }kjk rs;kj eky ds fy, vko';d cktkj miyc/k djok;sa blds fy, xk /khth us lq>ko fn;k fd jkt; bu fo ky;ksa esa rs;kj mrikn dks fu/kkzfjr njksa ij [kjhndj f'k{k.k LkaLFkkvksa dks vkrefuhkzj,oa LokoyEch gksus esa enn djsaa xk /kh th dh eku;rk Fkh fd bl izdkj dh f'k{kk ds dkj.k fo kffkz;ksa esa vkrefukhkzjrk] Je ds izfr J`¼k] dk;z ds izfr fu"bk,oa LokoyEcu ds Hkko tkxzr gksxsaa xk /khth us dgk] ^^gekjs tsls xjhc ns'k esa gkfk dh rkfye tkjh djus ls nks gsrq fl¼ gksaxsa mlls gekjs ckydksa dh f'k{kk dk [kpz fudy vk;sxk vksj os,slk /ka/kk lh[k yasxs] ftldk vxj os pkgs rks vius thou esa viuh vkthfodk ds fy, lgkjk ys ldrs gsaa bl i¼fr ls gekjs ckyd vkrefuhkzj vo'; gks tk,saxsa jk"vª dh dksbz pht bruk detksj ugha cuk;sxh] ftruk 9 dh ;g ckr fd ge Je dk frjldkj djuk lh[ksaa** xk /khth dk ekuuk Fkk fd vc rd dh nwf"kr f'k{kk iz.kkyh us fnekxh ;ksx;rk dks bruk Å pk LFkku ns j[kk gs fd 'kkjhfjd Je,oa Jethfo;ksa dks ghurk,oa?k`.kk dh n`f"v ls ns[kk tk jgk gsa xk /khth 'kkjhfjd Je ij ekufld Je dh Js"Vrk ds f[kykq FksA mudh eku;rk Fkh fd ekufld,oa 'kkjhfjd 'kfdr;ksa ds lefuor fodkl ls gh O;fDrRo dk lokzaxh.k fodkl gksrk gsa xk /khth lkeiznkf;d /kkfezd f'k{kk ds fojks/kh Fks] ijurq usfrd f'k{kk dks vko';d ekurs FksA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd usfrd f'k{kk ds }kjk ckydksa esa lgt ekuoh; n`f"vdks.k dk Hkko mriu gksxk ftlds dkj.k muesa usfrd,oa pkfjf=d xq.kksa dk fodkl gksxka os lhkh /keksza dk leku vknj djuk lh[k tk;sxaas vksj,slk gksus ij muesa ns'k izse dh Hkkouk dk fodkl gksxka xk /khth us dgk] ^^esjh f'k{kk ;kstuk],d 'kkar lkekftd ØkfUr dk ek/;e cusxha ;g xk oksa vksj 'kgjksa ds e/; lecu/kksa dks,d LoLFk vksj usfrd vk/kkj iznku djsxh vksj,d vf/kd U;k;fu"B lkekftd O;oLFkk dh uhao Mkysxh] ftlesa dh leiuuksa vksj foiuuksa ds :Ik esa lekt dk fohkktu ugha gksxka izr;sd O;fDr dks vius fuokzg ds U;wure lk/ku miyc/k gksxas vksj Lora=rk izkir gksxha lcls egroiw.kz ckr ;g gs fd bl dzkfur dks jpukred ek/;e ls iwjk fd;k tk;sxk vksj blesa u rks jdrikr dh vko';drk gksxh vksj ugha Hkkjh Hkjde lk/kuksa ds fofu;ksx dha blds fy, Hkkjr tsls cms ns'k dk e'khuhdj.k ugha djuk ims+xk vksj u gh rduhfd dks'ky vksj e'khu ds fy, fons'kh vk;kr ij fuhkzj jguk imsxka bldk lcls cmk ykhk ;g gksxk fd ;g Hkkjr dh turk esa ml vkrefo'okl vksj vkrefuhkzjrk dks lqfuf'pr djsxh ftlds }kjk mudk Hkfo";] Loa; ds muds gkfkksa esa 10 jgsxka** izklafxdrk ; fi xka/khth us 'kkl=h; <+x ls f'k{kk dh dksbz ;kstuk izlrqr ugha dh ijurq cqfu;knh f'k{kk ij muds fopkj vk/kqfud ifjçs{; esa v ru,oa oskkfud gsa vktknh ds ckn gesa xka/kh th ds f'k{kk ekwmy dks ykxw dj nsuk pkfg, Fkk ijurq gesa vius ls T;knk fons'kh iz.kkyh ij fo'okl jgk vksj vk/kqfudrk dh vkm+ esa ge xka/khth ds fopkjksa dks f'k{kk dk vk/kkj ugha cuk ik;sa tc cqfu;knh rkyhe dks fons'kksa esa ^odz,dlihfj;al dk uke fn;k x;k rc gekjs le> esa vk;k fd xka/khth dk f'k{kk n'kzu fdruk vk/kqfud,oa izklafxd gsa izfl¼ vesfjdh fo}ku izks- M~;wbZ us xka/khth dh cqfu;knh rkyhe ds ckjs esa dgk] ^^xka/khth dks ;g ckr dsls lw>h fd mriknu ds lkfk&lkfk f'k{kk pys cqfu;knh rkyhe 11 gh 'kq} f'k{kk 'kkl= gsa** xka/khth dh 7 ls 14 o"kz ds cppksa dks vuok;z,oa fu%'kqyd f'k{kk ;kstuk dks Hkkjr esa f'k{kk ds vf/kdkj ds ek?;e ls ykxw fd;k x;k gsa vkt ge ns[krs gs fd uo;qodksa ds ikl fmfxz;k rks gs ij dke ugha gsa Hkkjr tsls ns'k esa tgka ;qok 'kfdr dh izpqjrk gs ogk gj gkfk dks dke nsus ds fy, gesa xka/khth ds f'k{kk n'kzu ls lh[k ysuh gksxha xka/khth v{kj Kku ij vk/kkfjr f'k{kk iz.kkyh ds nks"kksa ls ifjfpr Fks vr% mugksus glrdks'ky ij cy fn;ka Hkkjr esa dks'ky fodkl dk;zdze ds dsunz esa xka/khth ds cqfu;knh f'k{kk dh ;kstuk gsa xka/khth us dgk Fkk fd dye pykus ls igys gkfk dks vkstkj pykuk lh[k ysuk pkfg,a vkt O;olkf;d f'k{kk ij cy fn;k tk jgk gsa xka/khth viuh cqfu;knh f'k{kk esa bls igys gh LFkku ns pqds gsa vkt,d Loj esa bl ckr dks Lohdkj fd;k tkrk gs ckyd ftl lgtrk,oa LokHkkfodrk ls ekr` Hkk"kk esa lh[k ldrk gs mruk fdlh vu; Hkk"kk esa ugha lh[k 082 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

87 ldrk gsa xka/khth f'k{kk ds ek/;e ds :Ik esa ekr`hkk"kk dks dsunz esa j[kdj ns'k dk cksf¼d&lkald`frd fodkl pkgrs FksA vkt ge ns[k ldrs gs fd ;qok fn'kkghu gks jgk gs] jk"vªh; ewy; {kh.k gksrs tk jgs gsa fgalk] erhksn] csjktxkjh,oa rukoiw.kz okrkoj.k esa xka/khth dh usfrd f'k{kk izklafxd gsa usfrd f'k{kk ds ek/;e ls xka/khth pkfjf=d xq.kksa dk fodkl dj ns'k ds fy, LoLFk,oa jk"vªh; vkst ls ifjiw.kz ;qok 'kfdr dk fodkl djuk pkgrs FksA xk /khth dk ekuuk Fkk fd mudh cqfu;knh f'k{kk ;kstuk O;fDr,oa lekt ds fodkl dk vk/kkj cusxha O;fDrxr n`f"v ls ;g fo kfkhz ds cksf¼d] vkfred vksj HkkSfrd fodkl dk ek/;e cusxha lkekftd n`f"v ls Vdjkvksa] rukvksa vksj la?k"kksza dh lahkkouk, de gksaxh] D;ksafd f'k{kk ds ek/;e ls lhkh O;fDr;ksa esa Je dh xfjek dh Hkkouk O;kIr gks tk;sxh vksj os fdlh O;olk; esa yxs gq, O;fDr dks NksVk ;k 12 cm+k le>us dh izo`fr dks lgt :Ik ls R;kx nsaxsa mpp f'k{kk xka/khth ds vuqlkj lpph f'k{kk vuojr :Ik ls thou Ik;ZUr pyus okyh izfdz;k gsa vr% bl n`f"v ls f'k{kk ds vksipkfjd dsunzksa dk dksbzz fo'ks"k egro ugha gsa xka/khth ds fy, f'k{kk vkrelk{kkrdkj dk lk/ku gs ftls thou dh ikb'kkyk esa gkfly fd;k tk ldrk gsa bl izdkj vkn'kz :Ik esa] vksipkfjd f'k{k.k lalfkkvksa dks vko';d u ekurs gq, Hkh] O;ogkfjd n`f"v ls mudh vko';drk dks Lohdkj fd;k gsa tgk cqfu;knh f'k{kk ds ek/;e ls xka/kkhth us fo ky;ksa] fo kffkz;ksa,oa xzkeh.k thou dh vkrefuhkzjrk LFkkfir djuk pkgrs Fksa ogha] mpp f'k{kk esa dzkfurdkjh ifjorzu djds mls jk"vªh vko';drkvksa ls tksmuk pkgrs FksA xka/khth dh mpp f'k{kk dh ;kstuk ds izeq[k i{k fueufyf[kr gs& Ø Ø Ø Ø mpp f'k{kk ij gksus okys O;; dks jkt; }kjk ogu ugha fd;k tk;sa rduhfd,oa buthfu;fjax dkwystksa ij gksus okys O;; dk Hkkj vks ksfxd izfr"bkuksa dks ogu djuk pkfg,a d`f"k egkfo ky;] Loiks"kh vk/kkj ij lapkfyr fd;s tk;asa esfmdy dkwystksa dks izekf.kd vlirkykas ds Ø Ø Ø lkfk lec¼ fd;k tk;sxka esfmdy f'k{kk dk lapkyu /kuokuksa ls izkir gksus okys LoSfPNd nku ls fd;k tk;sxk D;ksafd bldk lcls vf/kd Qk;nk ;gh oxz mbkrk gsa dyk ladk; ds dkwystksa dk lapkyu fcuk fdlh vkffkzd iz;kstu ds] dsoy KkuktZu ds fy, fd;k tkrk gsa vr%,sls egkfo ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk vksj lapkyu ij gksus okyk O;; jkt; ds }kjk ogu fd;k tkuk pkfg,a mpp f'k{kk ds fy, xka/khth us vaxzsth Hkk"kk ds ek/;e dks ns'k ds fy, gkfudkjd ekuk gsa mudk er Fkk fd fons'kh Hkk"kk ds ek/;e ls mpp f'k{kk iznku fd;s tkus ls ns'k esa viwj.kh; cksf¼d vksj usfrd {kfr gqbz gsa xka/khth dk er Fkk fd izkfkfed f'k{kk dh rjg mpp f'k{kk Hkh fo kffkz;ksa dks ;k rks mudh viuh ekr`hkk"kk esa nh tkuh pkfg, ;k fdlh,slh vurj&izkurh; Hkk"kk ds ek/;e ls nh tkuh pkfg,] ftldk fo kffkz;ksa us izkfkfed,oa ek/;fed Lrj ij v/;;u fd;k gksa 13 xka/khth us ^fgunqlrkuh* dks mpp f'k{kk ds ek/;e,oa jk"vªh; leidz Hkk"kk ds :Ik esa viuk;s tkus dks mi;ksxh,oa O;ogkfjd ekuka jkt; ds fo'ofo ky; dsoy ijh{kk ysus okyh lalfkk,a jgsa vksj os viuk [kpz ijh{kk&'kqyd ls fudkysa mpp f'k{kk dh mijksdr xka/kh ;kstuk ls Li"V gs fd os mppk f'k{kk ij gksus okys O;; dks] YkkHkkFkhZ dk;z'khy lewg ls ogu fd;k tkuk mfpr ekurs gsa blls,d vksj jkt; ij f'k{kk dk vuko';d Hkkj ugha im+sxk vksj nwljh rjq viuh vko';drk ds vuqlkj dk;z'khy lewg dks okafnr la[;k esa fofhkuu dk;kasz ds fy, n{k Lukrd miyc/k gks ldsxsaa xka/khth mpp f'k{kk ds ihns va/kh nksm+ ds f[kykq Fks] D;ksafd blls ;qodksa esa fn'kkghurk,oa csjkstxkjh ds dkj.k grk'kk isnk gksrh gsa ijurq bldk eryc ;g ugha gs emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

88 milagkj fd os mpp f'k{kk ds fojks/kh FksA mugksaus dgk] ^^es mpp f'k{kk dk 'k=q ugha gw A esjh ;kstuk ds vurxzr] vf/kd vksj Js"B iqlrdky; gksaxs] vf/kd vksj Js"B iz;ksx'kkyk, gksaxha mlds vurxzr gesa jlk;u 'kkfl=;ksa] buthfu;jksa] vksj nwljs fo'ks"kkksa dh,slh lsuk miyc/k gksxh tks oklro esa ns'k ds lsod gksxas vksj ns'k dh turk dh vko';drkvksa vksj vf/kdkjksa ds izfr fujurj lpsr jgrs gq, turk dh fodkl'khy vko';drkvksa dh iwfrz djsaxsa ;s lhkh fo'ks"kk fons'kh Hkk"kk esa ckr ugha djsaxs] vfirq turk dh Hkk"kk esa cksysaxsa buds }kjk vftzr fd;k x;k Kku ns'k dh lkewfgd leifr gksxha bl mpp f'k{kk ds ek/;e esa if'pe ds vuqdj.k dh vis{kk] eksfyd dk;z dks egro izkir gksxka bl f'k{kk dk O;; Hkh mfpr o leku :Ik ls lekt ds fofhkuu oxksz 14 ds e/; fohkkftr dj fn;k tk;sxka** xka/khth ds mi;qzdr fopkjksa ls Li"V gs fd xka/khth 'kkl=h; <+x ls f'k{kkfon~ ugha Fks] ysfdu mugksaus f'k{kk ds fo"k; esa Li"V n`f"vdks.k,oa f'k{kk dh,d O;ogkfjd :ijs[kk izlrqr dha xk /kth us vius 'ksf{kd fpuru esa ckydksa dh uslkfxzd izo`fr;ksa,oa LokHkkfod :fp;ksa dks vk/kkj ekudj] fdz;k,oa LokuqHko }kjk f'k{kk nsus dk lefkzu fd;k tks vk/kqfud f'k{kk euksfokku dh izo`fr ds vuq:i gsa mugksaus IysVks ds leku bl ckr ij cy fn;k fd,d lkfkzd,oa mn~ns';iw.kz f'k{kk gh O;fDr o lekt ds fodkl dk vk/kkj cu ldrh gsa f'k{kk ds }kjk gh lekt dks muur ukxfjd miyc/k gks ldrs gs] tks mpprj usfrd ewy;ksa ij vk/kkfjr U;k;fu"B lekt dh LFkkiuk ds okgd cu ldrs gsa os cqfu;knh rkfye ds ek/;e ls,d,slh ;qok ih<+h dk fuekz.k djuk pkgrs Fks tks vkrefuhkzj] LokoyEch gks,oa ekuoh; ewy;ksa ls vksr&izzksr gksa muds f'k{kk n'kzu esa Je ds izfr fu"bk,oa vknjhkko isnk fd;ka ekr`hkk"kk esa f'k{kk] dks'ky fodkl ij cy] vfuok;z,oa fu%'kqyd izkfkfed f'k{kk dk n'kzu mudh nwj n`f"v dk ifjpk;d gs] tks vkt ds lanhkz esa izklafxd gsa xka/khth ds f'k{kk n'kzu dks viukdj fo'o ls xjhch] csdkjh] vdez.;rk] vlarks"k] ruko] la?k"kz,oa fgalk tslh lel;kvksa ij dkcw ik;k tk ldrk gsa lunhkz xzafk lwph 1- dyksdvsm odlkz vkwq egkrek xk /kh] [k.m+ 79] i`- & gfjtu] 31 tqykbz] gfjtu lsod] 17 vizsy esjs liuksa dk Hkkjr i` gfjtu] 9 vdvwcj] ogh] 2 uoecj] ogh] 9 vdvwcj] ogh] 28 vxlr] ;ax bafm;k] 1 flrecj] gfjtu] 9 vdvwcj] yks<+k] MkW-ftrsUnz% f'k{kk ds ek/;e dks ysdj xka/khth ds foe'kz dh lelkef;drk] izfr-n- fnlecj i` gfjtu] 18 flrecj] ^cksypky dh lkeku; fgunh ftlesa O;kogkfjd iz;ksx esa vkus okys vu; Hkk"kkvksa ds iz;ksx ls ijgst ugha gksa* 14- gfjtu ] 9 tqykbz] emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

89 jktlfkku ds xzkeh.k fo qrhdj.k esa lksj ÅtkZ vuqiz;ksx ljkst xkslokeh O;k[;krk] lukru /kez jktdh; egkfo ky;] C;koj 'kks/k Lkkjka'k jktlfkku dh 75%tula[;k xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa fuokl djrh gsa xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa jkr gksus ls iwoz fdlkuksa dks vius i'kqvksa ds lkfk?kj yksvuk gksrk gsa] cppksa dks i<+kbz iwjh djuh gksrh gsa vksj x`fgf.k;ksa dks?kj ds dkedkt [kre djus gksrs gsa] D;ksafd va/ksjk gksus ds ckn thou :d lk tkrk gsaa ÅtkZ ds fy, ikajifjd fxzm dusd'ku fo qrhdj.k dk iz/kku rjhdk jgk gsa] ijurq ns'k ds nwjnjkt esa flfkr xkaoksa rd igq pus esa lqy ugha jgk gsaa ns'k esa yxkrkj c<+rh tula[;k ds dkj.k ÅtkZ dh ekax Hkh yxkrkj c<+rh tk jgh gsaa ijurq iajeijkxr ÅtkZ lalk/ku de gksrs tk jgs gsaa viuh c<+rh gqbz ÅtkZ vko';drkvks vksj ÅtkZ lqj{kk ds fy, thok'e bza/kuksa ij viuh fuhkzjrk dks de djuk im+sxka lksj ÅtkZ orzeku ladv dk mfpr lek/kku gsa] D;ksafd ;g izpqj ek=k esa miyc/k gsa] vksj ;g lhkh iz;kstuksa ds fy, mi;qdr ÅtkZ L=ksr gsa] tks ekuo tkfr ds fy, lqjf{kr gsa] vksj lkfk gh ;g oguh; gsaa lw;z gesa 1000 xquk ÅtkZ iznku djrk gsaa bls QksVksoksYVhd ;a=ksa ds }kjk rki vksj fo qr esa ifjofrzr fd;k tk ldrk gsaa rhu n'kdksa ds fujurj iz;klksa ds lkfk lksj ÅtkZ iz.kfy;k xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa ÅtkZ ladv dks nwj djus esa lgk;rk ns jgh gsa] lkfk gh Lo&jkstxkj ds Hkh volj iznku dj jgh gsaaa ftlls xzkeh.k {ks=ksa dk lrr~ fo qrhdj.k ds ek/;e ls lrr~ fodkl lehko gksxka ladsrk{kj % lksj izdk'k oksyvh; iz.kkfy;k ] lksj lm+d crrh] lksj ykyvsu] lksj iei] lksj?kjsyw fo qr O;oLFkk] lksyj QksVksoksfYVd ikoj IykaVA jk tlfkku dh 6-68 djksm+ dqy tula[;k esa ls 5-15 djksm+ tula[;k xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa fuokl djrh gs] vfkkzr~ yxhkx 75% xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa fuokl djrh gsa ;kstuk vk;ksx ds vuqeku ds vuqlkj 2030 rd Hkkjr dks viuh fodflr gks jgha vfkzo;olfkk vksj c<+rh gqbz tula[;k dh ekaxksa dh iwfrz djus ds fy, de ls de esaxkokwv vfrfjdr fo qr mriknu dh vko';drk gksxha ÅtkZ ds fy, ikajifjd fxzm dusd'ku ns'k ds nwjnjkt esa flfkr xkaoksa rd ÅtkZ igq pus esa lqy ugha jgk gsaa ns'k esa yxkrkj c<+rh tula[;k ds dkj.k ÅtkZ dh ekax Hkh yxkrkj c<+rh tk jgh gsaa ijurq iajeijkxr ÅtkZ lalk/ku de gksrs tk jgs gsaa thok'e bza/ku dh iz/kkurk okyh ÅtkZ lqj{kk esa varfuz"b [krjksa] tsls rsy vksj xsl vkiwfrz dh Hkw&jktuhfrd vfuf'prrk, vksj rsy o xsl dh c<+rh dherksa ls lac¼ lgorhz tksf[keksa vksj 2020 rd Hkkjr dh rsy vk;kr ij fuhkzjrk ds 91-6 izfr'kr rd c<+us ds dkj.k ns'k ds fy, vko';d gsa] fd ;g viuh c<+rh gqbz ÅtkZ vko';drkvks vksj ÅtkZ lqj{kk ds fy, thok'e bza/kuksa ij viuh fuhkzjrk de djsaa emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

90 thok'e bza/ku ds Hk.Mkj (2011&2081) vjc Vu thok'e bza/ku o"kz dks;yk HkaMkj xsl HkaMkj rsy HkaMkj L=ksr%& lh-vkbz-,- oymz QSDV cqd lksj ÅtkZ orzeku ladv dk mfpr lek/kku gsa] D;ksafd ;g izpqj ek=k esa miyc/k gsa] vksj ;g lhkh iz;kstuksa ds fy, lqjf{kr gsa] oguh; gsaa lw;z gesa 1000 xquk ÅtkZ iznku djrk gsaa bls QksVksoksYVhd ;a=ksa ds }kjk rki vksj fo qr esa ifjofrzr fd;k tk ldrk gsaa rhu n'kdksa ds fujurj iz;klksa ds lkfk lksj ÅtkZ iz.kkfy;k xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa ÅtkZ ladv dks nwj djus esa lgk;rk ns jgh gsa] lkfk gh Lo&jkstxkj ds Hkh volj iznku dj jgh gsaaa lksj izdk'k oksyvh; iz.kkfy;k bl }kjk lksj ÅtkZ fo qr ÅtkZ ds :Ik esa laxzfgr dh tkrh gsa] rfkk vko';drk ds vuqlkj izdk'kh; midj.kksa tsls cyc] V;qCl vkfn dks fo qr ÅtkZ miyc/k djkrh gsaa lksj lm+d cùkh ;g fo qrhdj.k foghu vfkok xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds fy,,d mùke izdk'kh; O;oLFkk gsaa bl midj.k esa csvjh csdvi dh O;oLFkk gs] ftlds ek/;e ls izfrfnu yxhkx 10&11?kaVs yxkrkj fo qr vkiwfrz gks ldrh gsaa ;g Lor% vkwu@vkwq iz.kkyh gksrh gsaa blesa 74 okwv ihd lksyj QksVksoksfYVd eksm~;wyl isuy gksrk gsaa tks ÅtkZ dks xzg.k djds 12 oksyv dh yfmm ysm,flm csvjh rd Hkstrk gsa] tgka ;g fo qr ÅtkZ ds :i ls laxzfgr gksrh jgrh gsaa laxzfgr fo qr ÅtkZ ds ek/;e ls 11 okwv dk lh,q,y ysei izdkf'kr gksrk gsa] rfkk pktz davªksyj fo qr ÅtkZ dh vkiwfrz dks fu;af=r djrk gsaa 086 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

91 lksj ykyvsu bl midj.k esa 10 okwv dk QksVksoksfYVd isuy yxk gksrk gs] tks lksj rkih; ÅtkZ dks laxzfgr djrk gs] rfkk lksyj eksm~;wy csvjh esa izokfgr dj nsrk gsaa 12 oksyv],eih;j?k.vk {kerk okyh lksyj eksm~;wy csvjh esa fo qr ÅtkZ laxzfgr jgrh gsaa ftlds ek/;e ls 7 okwv jsfvax okyk lh,q,y yxk gksrk gsaa ;g lh,q,y lksyj eksm~;wy csvjh ls fo qr ÅtkZ ikdj izdkf'kr gksrk gsaa lksj iei bl iz.kkyh esa QksVksoksfYVd isuy lw;z dh fdj.kksa dks laxzfgr djrk gs] ftlesa lksj ÅtkZ fo qr ÅtkZ esa ifjofrzr gksdj lsuvªh ;wxy Mh-lh- eksuks CykWd vfkok buovzj lfgr,-lh- lc elhzcy dks pykus dk dk;z djrh gsaa blds pyus ls ld'ku,oa fmyhojh ikbi ykbu }kjk dqa, dk ikuh ckgj fudkyus yxrk gsaa bl ikbi ykbu dk O;kl 2-5 bap gksrk gsa ;g iz.kkyh dq, ls ikuh fudkyus dh vklku] iznw"k.k jfgr vksj i;kzoj.k ds fy, ykhknk;d gksus ds lkfk vkffkzd cpr djkus okyh gksrh gsaa lksj?kjsyw fo qr O;oLFkk lksyj QksVksoksfYVd isuy lw;z dh fdj.kksa dks laxzfgr djrk gs] ftls pktz davªksyj rfkk csvjh fo qr ÅtkZ ds :i esa laxzfgr dj izdk'kh; midj.kksa dks fo qr ÅtkZ miyc/k djkrh gsa ;g iz.kkyh cgqr NksVs rfkk nwjnjkt ds xkaoksa esa lokzf/kd fo'oluh; fodyi fl¼ gqbz gsa lksyj QksVksoksfYVd ikoj IykaV lksyj QksVksoksfYVd ikoj IykaV esa lksyj QksVksoksfYVd eksm~;wyl isuy ds }kjk 150 okwv ls 900 okwv rd fo qr dk mriknu fd;k tk ldrk gsaa cm+s isekus ij lksyj QksVksoksfYVd ikoj IykaV yxkus ds fy, ljdkj }kjk lfclmh iznku dh tkrh gsaa jkstxkj volj lksj ÅtkZ {ks= esa xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds LFkkuh; O;fDr;ksa dks jkstxkj ds volj izkir gksrs gsaa Ø lksj izdk'koksyvh; izdk'ku nsus dh ;qfdr;ka] lksj rkih; iz.kkfy;ksa dh ejeer vksj j[kj[kko lacaf/kr jkstxkja Ø v{k; ÅtkZ iz.kkfy;ksa vksj mudh lgk;d olrqvksa ds fy, NksVh nqdkus ;k fczdh dsunzksa ds :i esa jkstxkja Ø lksj ÅtkZ ;qfdr;ksa ds fy, cqfdax lsavj vksj lwpuk fd;ksld vkfn cuk, tk ldrs gsa bl izdkj xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa vkthfodk o Lojkstxkj ds lk/ku miyc/k gks jgs gsaa xzkeh.k lw{e m e dh ladyiuk ls mriknu] izcu/ku vksj foi.ku dh mrd`"v {kerk feyrh gsaa ftlls xzkeh.k yksxksa dh vk; c<+sxh rfkk xzkeh.k {ks=ksa dk fodkl gksxk AjktLFkku ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa dks izdk'k ;qdr djus ds fy, xzkeh.k fo qrhdj.k] lksyj QksVksoksYVkbZd dk;zøe rfkk lqnwj xkao fo qrhdj.k dk;zøe ds ek/;e ls dk;z fd;k tk jgk gsa xzkeh.k fo qrhdj.k o lksyj QksVksoksYVkbZd dk;zøe ds ek/;e ls xzkeh.k {ks= esa fodsunzhd`r :i ls ÅtkZ mriknu gsrq izksrlkfgr djuk gsa bl dk;zøe ds vurxzr xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa lksj?kjsyw izdk'k la;a=] lksj ifk izdk'k la;a=,oa,l-ih-oh- iei midj.kksa dks uohu,oa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ eu=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj,oa jktlfkku ljdkj dh ;kstukvksa ds vurxzr vuqnku dk ykhk nsrs gq, LFkkiuk dh O;oLFkk djokrk gsa flrecj 2012 rd jktlfkku ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa 1]33]911 lksj?kjsyw izdk'k la;=ksa dh LFkkiuk dk dk;z iw.kz fd;k tk pqdk gsa emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

92 jktlfkku ds?kjsyw lksj izdk'k la;a= xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa LFkkfir?kjsyw ykbvas Ø-la- o"kz MNRE ds jkt; ljdkj ds ;ksx lg;ksx ls lg;ksx ls &2000 rd & & & & & & & & &07 & &08 (2006&07 dk dk;zøe 4574 fnlecj 2007 rd) &08],oa 08&09 (MNRE dk o"kz 2007&08 dk dk;zøe ) & & &11 (vdvwcj 2011 rd fø;kfuor) &12 900* &13 (izksxzke 11&12) 8400 & 8400 ;ksx uohu,oa uohuhdj.k ÅtkZ ea=ky; ds dk;zøe esa o"kz 2011&12 ds rgr 20000?kjsyw ykbfvax fllve LFkkiuk dh tkuh gs,oa ;g dk;zøe fnlecj 2012 rd iw.kz fd;k tkuk gsa lzksr% v{k; ÅtkZ fohkkx] jktlfkku lqnwj xkao fo qrhdj.k dk;zøe ds vurxzr lqnwj flfkr vfo qfrd`r xzkeksa dk xsj ijeijkxr ÅtkZ L=ksrksa ls fo qrhdj.k fd;k tkrk gsa bl ;kstuk ds vurxzr uohu,oa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ L=ksr ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk lksyj?kjsyw fo qr midj.k (e.my&ii] 37 okwv) yxkus gsrq midj.k dh czasp ekdz dher dh 90 izfr'kr jkf'k miyc/k djkbz tkrh gsa 'ks"k jkf'k jkt; ljdkj,oa ykhkkffkz;ksa }kjk ogu dh tkrh gsa nwjlfk xzkeh.k fo qrhdj.k ;kstuk 2005&06 ds vurxzr jktlfkku v{k; ÅtkZ fuxe us 219 xkaoksa dks fo qrhd``r djds muesa 3980 lksyj?kjsyw midj.k LFkkfir fd;s tk pqds gsa nwjlfk xzkeh.k fo qrhdj.k 2005&06 rfkk 2006&07 ds 'ks"k ykhkkffkz;ksa dks ykhk nsus ds fy, 2337 (141) xkaoksa esa lksyj QksVksoksYVkbZd?kjsyw ykbzfvax fllve yxk;s tk pqds gsa lqnwj xzkeh.k fo qrhdj.k ;kstuk 2009&10 ds vurxzr lksj?kjsyw ykbzvksa dh LFkkiuk ds y{;ksa ds fo:¼ ykbzvas LFkkfir dh tk pqdh gsa o"kz 2010&11 esa bl ;kstuk ds vurxzr 90 <kf.k;ksa esa 10]213 lksyj?kjsyw midj.k LFkkfir fd;s tk pqdsa gsaa nwjlfk xzkeh.k fo qrhdj.k ;kstuk 2012&13 ds vurxzr dqy 13 xkaoksa esa 292 lksyj?kjsyw midj.k LFkkfir fd;s x;s gsa 088 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

93 Ø-la- o"kz ;kstuk lqnwj xkao fo qrhdj.k dk;zøe o"kzokj izxfr fo qrhdj.k xk LFkkfir lksj?kjsyw ykbzvksa dh la[[;k &07 nwjlfk xzkeh.k fo qrhdj.k ;kstuk 2 005& xk o &08 nwjlfk xzkeh.k fo qrhdj.k ;kstuk 2 006&07 73 xk o &11 Ø-la- 1,oa 2 ds 'ks"k ykhkkfkhz 141 xk o &11 nwjlfk xzkeh.k fo qrhdj.k ;kstuk 2 010&11 90 <kf.k;ksa ;ksx lzksr% v{k; ÅtkZ fohkkx] jktlfkku LFkkfir vkwq fxzm@foøsunzhd`r v{k; ÅtkZ iz.kkfy;k Ø-la- o"kz lksj dwdj ikwoj IykUV LVªhV ykbfvax?kj izdk'k lksyj] QksVksokWYV (fdyks okv ihd) lksj ykyvsu iz.kkyh iz.kkyh ieil~ & & & & lzksr% ÅtkZ lkaf[;dh 2013] dsunzh; lkaf[;dh fohkkx fu"d"kz jktlfkku esa thok'e bza/kuksa ds vr;f/kd mi;ksx ds ifj.kkelo:ik Ik;kZoj.kh; iznw"k.k vksj rnqijkar gksus okyh tyok;q ifjorzu laca/kh fprk,a Hkh Hkfo"; esa bu L=ksrksa ds mi;ksx dks izfrcaf/kr dj nsaxha vr% jktlfkku es tyok;q ds vuqdwy rjhds ls lksj ÅtkZ ds mi;ksx dks c<+kok nsus dh vr;ar vko';drk gsaa jktlfkku esa xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa ÅtkZ ds vhkko ls yksx va/ksjs] [kjkc LokLF;] f'k{kk vksj le`f¼ ds voljksa dh vuqiyc/krk dh lel;kvksa ls tw>us dks vfhk'kir gsa] ftldk lksj ÅtkZ,d fodyi gsaa ftlls xzkeh.k {ks=ksa dk lrr~ fo qrhdj.k ds ek/;e ls lrr~ fodkl lehko gksxka lunhkz xzafk lwph 1- v{k; ÅtkZ (ebz&twu 2008) ^^uohu vksj uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=ky;] ubz fnyyh** i`"b la[;k 34&35 2- v{k; ÅtkZ (Qjojh 2009) ^^uohu vksj uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=ky;] ubz fnyyh** i`"b la[;k 14&15 3- v{k; ÅtkZ (twu 2016) ^^uohu vksj uohudj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=ky;] ubz fnyyha ** i`"v 34&37 4- dqekj] MkW- v:.k (vdvwcj 2014) ^^xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds fy, v{k; ÅtkZ**v{k; ÅtkZ if=dk] i`"b 13&14 5- dqekj lksuy] esfky lehj],oa fuokl,l-,u- (vdvwcj 2014) ^^xzkeh.k vkthfodk ds fy, v{k; ÅtkZ izks ksfxdh vuqiz;ksx** v{k; ÅtkZ if=dk] i`"b 41&43 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

94 6- jk.kk] vkj-,l- (vizsy 2009) ^^uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ L=ksrksa gsrq vfuok;zrk,a** v{k; ÅtkZ if=dk] i`"v 33&34 7- jko,e- jked`".kk (vxlr 2014)] ^^xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds fy, v{k; ÅtkZ** v{k; ÅtkZ if=dk] i`"b 34&37 8- 'kqhkznur] 'ka[k (vizsy 2016) ^^vyi ykxr ÅtkZ cpr ;qfdr;k ** v{k; ÅtkZ if=dk] i`"b 46&47 9- 'kadj] vafcdk (vizsy 2009) ^^xzkeh.k Hkkjr esa fctyh ykuk** v{k; ÅtkZ if=dk] i`"v 22& flag 'kjn,oa xqykcpun (2009) ^^llrk vksj lqjf{kr ÅtkZ L=ksr% lksj rkih;** Hkkjr cqd lsuvj] y[kuå] i`"b 80& emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

95 jkefoykl 'kekz dh tkrh; vo/kkj.kk ij Lrkfyu dk çhkko jkuh flag 'kks/k Nk=k] foüohkkjrh foüofo ky;] 'kkfurfudsru (if'pe caxky) 'kks/k Lkkjka'k Hkkjrh; ekdlzoknh lkfgr; fpurd jkefoykl 'kekz us Lrkfyu dh tkrh; vok/kkj.kk dks Hkkjr dh ifjlfkfr;ksa ds vuq:i <kydj u;s :i esa çlrqr djus dk ç;kl fd;k gsa os ekdlzoknh fopkj/kkjk dk vu/kkuqdj.k ugha djrs gsa mugksaus Lrkfyu dh tkrh; vo/kkj.kk dks Hkkjr dh cgqtkrh; jk"vªh;rk ds vuq:i gh viuk;k gsaa Hkk"kk ds vk/kkj ij gh bugksaus ^fgunh tkfr dh vo/kkj.kk* dks çlrqr fd;k gsa os fgunh dks leidz Hkk"kk cukus ds i{k/kj gsa os Hkk"kk dks tkrh;rk dk çeq[k fpug ekurs gsaa mugksusa tkfr 'kcn dk ç;ksx Hkh us'ku vfkkzr~ Hkw[k.M ds fuokfl;ksa ds :i esa fd;k gsa os ekurs gs fd iawthoknh lecu/kksa ds lkfk tkfr;ks dk xbu vkjehk gksrk gsa lkewfgd Je vksj lkewfgd forj.k x.k lekt dh fo'ks"krk gsa ftlds lnl; jdùk lecu/kksa ls tqm+s jgrs gsa bu x.k lektks ds VwVus ij y?kq tkfr;ks dk fuekz.k gksrk gsa ladsrk{kj % tkfr] Hkk"kk] jk"vªh;rk] ekdlzokn] tuokn] x.ka Hkk jrh; ekdlzoknh lkfgr;&fpurd jkefoykl 'kekz dh tkrh; vo/kkj.kk ij ik'pkr; ekdlzoknh lkfgr;&fpurdks ekdlz] ysfuu rfkk Lrkfyu dk çhkko im+ka vxj ge ;g dgsa fd jkefoykl th us Hkk"kk ds vk/kkj ij tkrh; vo/kkj.kk dks cht :i esa Lrkfyu ls xzg.k fd;k] rks vfr';ksfä ugh gksxha Lrkfyu dh tkrh; vo/kkj.kk dks cht :i esa xzg.k djus dk vfkz ;g ugh fd mugksaus Lrkfyu dh tkrh; vo/kkj.kk dk ;Fkkä vuqdj.k fd;k gs] cfyd mugksaus Lrkfyu dh tkrh; vo/kkj.kk dks Hkkjr dh ifjflfkfr;ksa dks vuq:i <kydj u;s :i esa çlrqr fd;ka os ekdlzoknh fopkj/kkjk dk veyh tkek Hkkjr dks iguokrs le; if'pe dk vu/k vuqdj.k ugha djrsa Lo;a ekdlzoknh vkykspd gksrs gq, Hkh os ekdlz dh fopkj/kkjkred =qfv;ks dks js[kkafdr djus esa ugh pwdrsa mugksaus fy[kk gs & ^^ekdlz ds fpuru esa tks eq[; ckrsa gsa] mugsa js[kkafdr djuk t:jh gs] tks xks.ak ckrs gsa] xyr gsa] mugsa ekdlzokn dk lkjrro le>ka lkezkt;okn dh odkyr djuk gsa blesa nks"k ekdlz dk 1 ugha gekjk gsa** mi;qzä m¼j.k esa jkefoykl 'kekz dk earo; Li"V gs fd tgk,d vksj og ekdlz ds pru dh eq[; ckrksa dks js[kkafdr djuk t:jh le>rs gsa] ogha ekdlz dh fopkj/kkjkred =qfv;ksa dh Hkh vkykspuk djrs gsaa jkefoykl 'kekz vksj Lrkfyu dh tkrh; vo/kkj.kk ij ppkz djus ls iwoz ;g /;ku esa j[kuk pkfg, fd jkefoykl th us Lrkfyu dh tkrh; vo/kkj.kk dks Hkkjr dh cgqtkrh; jk"vªh;rk dks vuq:i gh viuk;k gsa mugksaus fy[kk gs & ^^ekdlzokn us tkfr;ksa ds fodkl ij oskkfud n`f"v ls fopkj fd;k gsa ysfuu vksj Lrkfyu ds vuqlkj tkfr;k iw thokn ds vh;qn;&dky dh nsu gsa fdurq ekdlzokn dh fdlh iqlrd esa Hkkjr tslh cgqtkrh; jk"vªh;rk ds fodkl dh O;k[;k 2 ugha feyha** mi;qzä m¼j.k ls Li"V gs fd ekdlzokn us ; fi tkfr;ksa ds fodkl ij oskkfud n`f"v ls fopkj fd;k gs] rfkkfi ekdlzokn dg fdlh iqlrd esa Hkkjr dh cgqtkrh; jk"vªh;rk ds fodkl dh O;k[;k ugha dh x;h gsa ysfuu vksj emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

96 Lrkfyu us tkfr;ksa dks iw thokn ds vh;qn;dky dh nsu dgk gsa Lrkfyu us ^ekdlzokn vksj tkrh;rkvksa dk ç'u* iqlrd 1912 ds var vksj 1913 ds vkjehk esa fy[kha 1913 ds vad 3&5 esa ^tkrh; ç'u vksj lkekftd tuokn* ds uke ls çdkf'kr gqvka Lrkfyu us viuh bl iqlrd esa tkrh; vo/kkj.kk dks folr`r :i esa j[kk gsa jkefoykl 'kekz us tkrh; vo/kkj.kk ij ppkz dks Øe esa Lrkfyu dh tkrh; vo/kkj.kk dh ppkz çk;% vius iqlrdksa esa dh gsa jkefoykl 'kekz us Lrkfyu ds leku gh ^Hkk"kk* dks tkrh;rk dk çeq[k fpug ekuk gsa mugksaus fy[kk gs& ^^tkrh;rk dk çeq[k fpug gs Hkk"kkA tkfr ds fuekz.k ls 3 Hkk"kk ds xvu vksj fodkl dk?kfu"b laca/k gsa** bl çdkj Li"V gs fd jkefoykl 'kekz Hkk"kk dk xbu vksj fodkl ls tkfr ds fuekz.k dk?kfu"b laca/k ekurs gsaa Lrkfyu us viuh iqlrd ^ekdlzokn vksj tkrh;rkvksa dk ç'u* esa fy[kk gs & ^^lk>h Hkk"kk tkrh;rk dh 4 pkfjf=d igpkuksa esa,d gsa** bl çdkj Li"V gs fd Lrkfyu us lk>h Hkk"kk dks tkrh;rk ds pkfjf=d igpkuksa esa ls,d ekuk gsa Lrkfyu ds leku gh jkefoykl 'kekz tkrh; Hkk"kk ds lkeku; O;ogkj dh Hkk"kk ekurs gsaa jkefoykl 'kekz us ^tkfr* 'kcn dk ç;ksx ekdlzoknh lkfgr; ds vuq:i gh us'ku ds vfkz esa fd;k gs] rfkk ^us'ku* vksj jk"vª 'kcn ds ikfkzd; dks mn?kkfvr djrs gq, fy[kk gs & ^^jk"vª 'kcn ls Hkwfe dk cks/k gksrk gs] tcfd us'ku 'kcn ls dsoy fdlh Hkw&[k.M ds fuokfl;ksa dk 5 cks/k gksrk gsa** mi;qä m¼j.k ls Li"V gs fd jkefoykl 'kekz us tkfr 'kcn dk ç;ksx ek= Hkwfe ds :i esa ugha fd;k cfyd ^us'ku* vfkkzr~ Hkw&[k.M ds fuokfl;ksa ds :i esa fd;k gsa Lrkfyu us tkrh;rk dks,sfrgkfld :i ls xfbr yksxksa dk flfkj leqnk; ekuk gsa mugksaus fy[kk gs & ^^tkrh;rk,sfrgkfld :i ls xfbr yksxksa dk flfkj leqnk; gs] tks lk>h Hkk"kk] lk>k {ks=] lk>k vkfkzd thou vksj,d lk>h lalïfr ds :i esa vfhko;ä gksus 6 okys euksoskkfud Lo:i ds vk/kkj ij xfbr gqbz gsa** mi;qzä m¼j.k ls Li"V gs fd Lrkfyu us tkrh;rk dks,sfrgkfld :i ls xfbr yksxksa dk flfkj leqnk; ekuk gs ftldh,d lkeku; Hkk"kk lkeku; {ks=] lkeku; lkfkzd thou rfkk lkeku; lalïfr gksxha jkefoykl 'kekz us tkrh;rk dks yksxksa dk flfkj leqnk; ugha ekuk ijurq mugksaus tkrh; fuekz.k esa bfrgkl dks egùoiw.kz ekuk gsa mugksaus fy[kk gs & ^^fofhkuu çdkj ds jk"vªksa ds cuus vksj fodflr gksus dk,d gh dkj.k vfkok ewy dkj.k lektokn gksrk rks ;g fofhkuurk u fn[kkbz nsrha bl fofhkuurk dk dkj.k bl ns'k esa jgus okyh tkfr;ksa 7 ds bfrgkl dh fhkuurk gsa** mi;qzä m¼j.k ls jkefoykl 'kekz dk earo; Li"V gs fd os fofhkék jk"vªksa ds fuekz.k] fodkl rfkk mudh fhkékrk dk dkj.k mudk tkrh; bfrgkl ekurs gsaa jkefoykl 'kekz us viuh dqn iqlrdksa esa Lrkfyu dh tkrh; vo/kkj.kk dh ppkz dh gsa mugksaus viuh iqlrd ^Hkkjrh; lkfgr; ds bfrgkl dh lel;k, * esa fy[kk gs & ^^tkfr ds ckjs esa Lrkfyu dh,d çfl¼ ifjhkk"kk gs] ftlesa tkfr ds y{k.k crk;s x;s gsaa lkeku; vkokl Hkwfe] lkeku; lalïfr] lkeku;,sfrgkfld ijeijk vkfn ds lkfk eq[; ckr ;g gs fd tkfr;k vk/kqfud iw thoknh fodkl dh nsu gsa iw thokn ds vh;qn; ls 8 igys tkfr;ksa dh dyiuk ugha dh tk ldrha** jkefoykl 'kekz Hkh ;g ekurs gsa fd iw thoknh laca/kksa ds çlkj ds lkfk tkfr;ksa dk xbu gksrk gs] ijurq os ;g ugha ekurs fd iw thokn ds vh;qn; ds igys tkfr;ksa fd dyiuk ugha dh tk ldrh gs] cfyd os ekurs gsa fd iw thoknh ;qx ds igys tkfr;k vius y/kq :i esa fo eku jgrh gsa] vksj bug y?kq tkfr;ksa ls vk/kqfud tkfr;ksa dk fuekz.k gksrk gsa mugksaus fy[kk gs & ^^tkfr og ekuo leqnk; gs tks O;kikj }kjk iw thoknh laca/kksa ds çlkj ds lkfk xfbr gksrh gsa lkekftd fodkl Øe esa ekuo lekt igys t; ;k x.k ds :i esa xfbr gksrk gsa lkewfgd Je vksj lkewfgd forj.k x.k&lekt dh fo'ks"krk gs vksj mlds lnl; vkil esa,d nwljs ls jä laca/k ds vk/kkj ij lecf/kr ekus tkrs gsaa bu x.k&lektksa ds VwVus ij y?kq tkfr;k curh gsa ftuesa mriknu NksVs isekus ij gksrk gs vksj u;s Je fohkktu ds vk/kkj ij Hkkjrh; o.kz O;oLFkk tslh O;oLFkk dk pyu gksrk gsa iw thoknh ;qx esa bugha y?kq tkfr;ksa ls vk/kqfud 9 tkfr;ksa dk fuekz.k gksrk gsa** 092 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

97 Lrkfyu lk>h Hkk"kk dh tkrh;rk ds pkfjf=d igpkuksa esa ls,d ekurs gsaa bl lunhkz esa mugksaus fy[kk gs & ^^vu; gdhdrksa esa ls,d gdhdr ;g gs fd fcuk lk>h Hkk"kk ds tkrh; leqnk; dh dyiuk ugha dh tk ldrh tcfd jkt; dks lk>h Hkk"kk dh t:jr ugha gksrha vkflvª;k esa psd tkrh;rk vksj :l esa i y tkrh;rk ds ikl vxj lk>h Hkk"kk ugha gksxh rks mudh tkrh;rk dk dqn eryc ugha gs] tcfd vkflvª;k vksj :l dh v[k.mrk dks bl ckr ls dksbz [krjk ugha fd mlesa fofhkék Hkk"kk,a cksyh tkrh gsaa ogk gekjk vfhkçk; yksxksa }kjk cksyh tkus okyh Hkk"kk ls gsa fdlh 10 ljdkjh Hkk"kk ls ughaa** blh Øe esa mugksaus fy[kk gs fd vaxzst vksj vejhdh lk>h Hkk"kk gksus ds ckotwn,d tkrh;rk dk;e ugha dj ldrs dkj.k fd nksuksa vesfjdk vksj fczvsu dk,d gh lk>k {ks= vksj,d gh lk>k lkfkzd thou ugha gsa jkefoykl 'kekz Hkh Lrkfyu ds leku gh tkrh;rk dk çeq[k fpug Hkk"kk dks ekurs gsa rfkk tkfr ds fuekz.k esa Hkk"kk dk xbu vksj fodkl dk?kfu"b laca/k ekurs gsaa Hkk"kk ds vk/kkj ij gh mugksaus ^fgunh tkfr dh vo/kkj.kk* dks çlrqr fd;k gsa os fgunh ds leidz Hkk"kk cukus ds i{k esa gsa os fdlh Hkh Hkk"kk ij fgunh dks yknuk ugha pkgrsa jkefoykl 'kekz bl rf; ls Hkyh&Hkk fr ifjfpr Fks fd Hkkjr esa Qklhoknh çfrfø;kred 'kfä ;k lfø; gs rfkk os leçnk;okn] ulyokn] /kkfezd dvjrk] tkfrokn] fyax Hksn rfkk?k`f.kr jk"vªokn dks c<+kok ns jgh gs vksj ^fgunh tkfr dh vo/kkj.kk* gh bu lhkh çfrfø;kred 'kfä ;ksa dks Hkkjr ls tm+ ls m[kkm+ dj Qasd ldrh gs D;ksafd fgunh Hkk"kh tkfr Hkkjr dh lcls cm+h tkfr gsa mudk ekuuk gs fd lkekftd fodkl Øe esa tkrh; Hkk"kk ds :i esa fdlh,d cksyh dk çlkj ;k xbu,sfrgkfld :i ls vfuok;z?kvuk gsa mugksaus fy[kk gs & ^^iw thoknh vkffkzd O;oLFkk dh fo'ks"krk ;g gs fd mlds vh;qn; ds lkfk vk/kqfud tkfr;k (us'ku) dk fuekz.k tqm+k gqvk gsa bu egktkfr;ksa ds fuekz.k ds igys ge mudh tkrh; Hkk"kkvksa dh dyiuk Hkh ugha dj ldrsa tkrh; Hkk"kk, fdlh vkffkzd O;oLFkk dk lkalïfrd çfrfcec ugha gsa muds Hkk"kk&rRoksa dk fuekz.k vkffkzd vk/kkj ij ugha gksrka cksfy;ksa ;k fdugha y?kq tkfr;ksa dh Hkk"kkvksa ds :i esa mudk vflrro igys Hkh jgrk gs fdurq egktkfr;ksa dh Hkk"kk ds :i esa mudk vflrro 11 igys ugha gksrka** mugksaus fgunh Hkk"kk ds vk/kkj ij tkrh; vo/kkj.kk dks çlrqr fd;ka bldk,d cm+k dkj.k ;g Hkh Fkk fd fgunh tu&lk/kkj.k ds cksypky dh Hkk"kk FkhA mudk Lrkfyu dh rjg gh ;g ekuuk Fkk fd vkffkzd volfkk cnyus ls,dne u;h Hkk"kkvksa dk tue ugha gksrka mugksaus fy[kk gs & ^^blfy, Lrkfyu dh ;g LFkkiuk lgh gs fd Hkk"kk, vkffkzd O;oLFkk dk 12 lkalïfrd çfrfcec ugha gsa** mugksaus Hkkjrh;ksa dh jk"vªh;,drk vksj jk"vªh; psruk ds fodkl esa eq[; dkj.k ;gk dh tkfr;ksa ds lkeku; bfrgkl] lkeku; lalïfr rfkk lk>k vkffkzd vksj jktuhfrd lecu/kksa dks ekuk gs mugksaus fy[kk gs & ^^HkkSxksfyd vksj /kkfezd dkj.k Hkh jgs gsa] fdurq eq[; dkj.k gs] ;gk dh tkfr;ksa dk lkeku; bfrgkl] mudh lkalïfrd lekurk, ] vkffkzd vksj jktuhfrd {ks=ksa esa mudk ijlij lec¼ vksj feyk tqyk fodkla bl,sfrgkfld vk/kkj ij gh 13 ;gk fd jk"vªh; psruk dk fodkl gqvk gsa** jkefoykl 'kekz ds dfku ls Li"V gs fd os Hkkjr dh lk>h lalïfr] lkeku; bfrgkl] lk>k vkffkzd thou rfkk lk>k jktuhfrd lec¼rk dh ckr Lrkfyu dh rjg gh djrs gsaa mudk ekuuk gs fd Hkkjr ds vfgunh&hkk"kh çns'k dh Hkk"kkvksa dks mudk iw.kz vf/kdkj feyuk pkfg, tc rd mu Hkk"kkvksa dks viuk vf/kdkj ugha feysxk rc rd fgunh Hkh iw.kz :i ls ijlij O;ogkj dk ek/;e ugha cu ik;sxha mugksaus fy[kk gs & ^^tc rd vfgunh&hkk"kh çns'kksa esa ogk dh Hkk"kk, vius iw.kz vf/kdkj ugha ikrh] rc rd muds chp fgunh Hkh iwjh rjg ijlij O;ogkj dk ek/;e ugha cu 14 ldrha** jkefoykl 'kekz us Lrkfyu ds er dks viuh iqlrd ^Hkkjr dh Hkk"kk lel;k* esa m¼`r fd;k gsa mugksaus fy[kk gs & ^^Lrkfyu ds vuqlkj ^^rkrj ;k ;gwnh etnwj dks lhkk vksj Hkk"kkvksa esa viuh O;ogkj djus dh lqfo/kk u nh tk; ;fn mlds Ldwy cun dj fn, tk, rks muds fodkl dh d N lahkkouk u jgsxh (ekdlzokn rfkk tkrh; vksj vksifuosf'kd 15 lel;k)a** mudk Hkh ;g ekuuk Fkk fd etnwj oxz dk fgr Ldwyksa] Hkk"k.kksa] v[kckjksa vkfn esa viuh Hkk"kk ds O;ogkj ds fy, ym+us esa gsa os etnwj 'kfä dks fgunh emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

98 dh 'kfä ekurs gsaa os lkezkt;oknh 'kfä ;ksa ds Hkk"kk;h "km+;a= dk eq[kksvk [k yrs gq, fy[krs gsa & ^^vkt foüo esa çeq[k ns'k vksj 'kfä ;k ugha pkgrh fd fgunh dk fodkl gks ;k fgunh Qwys&Qys] D;ksafd fgunh dk fodkl gksxk rks Hkkjr dk Hkkjr dh turk dk fodkl gksxka ;gk dh turk le`¼ gksxh rks ns'k 'kfä 'kkyh gksxka ysfdu ;gh os ugha pkgrsa os pkgrs gsa Hkkjr detksj jgs vksj mudk eq g t grk jgsa blds fy, vaxzsth muds 16 gkfk esa cgqr cm+k gffk;kj gsa** jkefoykl 'kekz Lrkfyu ds bl er dks Lohdkj djrs gsa fd vk;jys.m vksj fczfv'k tkfr,d nwljs ls fhkék gs] ij os Lrkfyu ds bl er dh vkykspuk djrs gsa fd nksuksa dh Hkk"kk vaxzsth gsa fczvsu ds ewy fuoklh dsyr Fks blh dkj.k oks vaxzsth dks ogk dh ewy fuokfl;ksa dh Hkk"kk ugha ekursa mugksaus fy[kk gs & ^^lkearksa }kjk foftr vksj mrihfm+r tkfr;ksa ds mij viuk f'kdatk vksj etcwr djds u;s iw thokn us ;g Øe mriék fd;k fd ftl jkt; ij fdlh,d tkfr ds iw thifr;ksa dk çeq[k gs] mlesa,d gh Hkk"kk cksyh tkrh gs] vu; Hkk"kkvksa vksj 17 mugsa cksyus okyh tkfr;ksa dk vflrro ugha gsa** fu"d"kzr% ge dg ldrs gsa fd jkefoykl 'kekz dh tkrh; vo/kkj.kk ij Lrkfyu dk çhkko im+k] ijurq mugksaus Lrkfyu dh tkrh; vo/kkj.kk dks Hkkjr dh cgqtkrh; jk"vªh;rk dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, mldk vuqdj.k fd;ka lunhkz xzafk lwph 1- 'kekz jkefoykl] viuh /kjrh vius yksx (2)] fdrkc?kj çdk'ku] u;h fnyyh&110002] ewy;&ik p lks #i;s (rhu [k.m)] i`0 la0& leiknd,oa çlrqfr & 'kekz fot; e gu] çdk'k csn] 'kekz jkefoykl] Hkk"kk lkfgr; vksj tkrh;rk] fdrkc?kj çdk'ku] u;h fnyyh&110032] ewy;& N% lks pkyhl] i`0 la0&25 3- 'kekz jkefoykl] Hkk"kk vksj lekt] i`0 la0& ts-oh- Lrkfyu] ^ekdlzokn vksj tkrh;rkvksa dk ç'u*] vuqokn&v#.k dqekj] laiknu&ujs'k ^unhe* çdk'ku lalfkku] u;h fnyyh & ] ewy;&200 #0] i`0 la0&17 5- 'kekz jkefoykl] Hkkjrh; lkfgr; ds bfrgkl dh lel;k, ] ok.kh çdk'ku] u;h fnyyh&110002] ewy;&<kbz lks #i;s] i`0 la0&14 6- ts-oh- Lrkfyu] ^ekdlzokn vksj tkrh;rkvks dk ç'u*] vuqokn&v#.k dqekj] laiknu&ujs'k ^unhe* çdk'ku lalfkku] u;h fnyyh & ] ewy;&200 #0] i`0 la0&19 7- 'kekz jkefoykl] Hkkjrh; lkfgr; ds bfrgkl dh lel;k, ] ok.kh çdk'ku] u;h fnyyh&110002] ewy;&<kbz lks #i;s] i`0 la0&15 8- ogh-] i`0 la0&14] ogh-] i`0 la0&27] ts-oh- Lrkfyu] ^ekdlzokn vksj tkrh;rkvksa dk ç'u*] vuqokn&v#.k dqekj] laiknu&ujs'k ^unhe* çdk'ku lalfkku] u;h fnyyh & ] ewy;&200 #0] i`0 la0& jkefoykl 'kekz] Hkk"kk vksj lekt] jktdey çdk'ku] u;h fnyyh] ivuk] bykgkckn] ewy;&550] fot; eksgu 'kekz] ik pok laldj.k&2002] vko`fùk& ogh-] i`0 la0& jkefoykl 'kekz] Hkk"kk vksj lekt] jktdey çdk'ku] u;h fnyyh&110002] ewy;&450] i`0 la0& ogh-] i`0 la0& 'kekz jkefoykl] Hkkjr dh Hkk"kk & lel;k] jktdey çdk'ku] 1ch] u;h fnyyh&110002] rhljh vko`fùk&2014] ewy;&450] i`0 la0& vkt ds loky vksj ekdlzokn] jke foykl 'kekz] l a 0 & v t ; f r o k j h ] L o j k t ç d k ' k u ] fnyyh&110085] ewy;&650] i`0 la0& 'kekz jkefoykl] Hkkjrh; lkfgr; ds bfrgkl dh lel;k, ] i`0 la0& emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

99 okxm+ ds lar ekoth dk vkfnokfl;ksa ds mrfkku esa ;ksxnku %,d fo'ys"k.k fnus'k pun 'kekz 'kks/kkfkhz] jktlfkku fo'ofo ky;] t;iqj 'kks/k Lkkjka'k lar ekoth jktlfkku ds izeq[k yksd lar FksA bugksaus okxm+ vapy esa vius dfkuksa vksj opuksa ds ek/;e ls vketu esa HkfDr Hkkouk dk lapkj fd;ka bugksaus /kkfezd HkfDr Hkko dk ekxz vaxhdkj fd;k] D;ksafd ml dky esa lekt esa ifjorzu ykus dk dk;z HkfDr ds }kjk gh lehko FkkA bugksaus czkgkz.k tkfr esa tue fy;k] ysfdu Lo;a dks tkfr&ca/kuksa esa ugha ck /kka ekoth dh çeq[k jpuk, esa ik p cms+ pksims+] vkxyokf.k;ka] dkyaxk gj.k] Hkwaxy iqjk.k (Hkwxksy iqjk.k)] ckjg eklk br;kfn izeq[k gsaa ekoth us fgalk] vkmecj vksj :f<+xlr okxm+ dh turk dks HkfDr ds ekxz ls nhf{kr fd;k vksj lekt ds fueu oxz,oa efgykvksa dks leku vf/kdkj dk lans'k fn;ka bugksaus lknksa] Hkhyksa rfkk vu; finms+tuksa dks tuså] dabh] fryd /kkj.k djds eafnj izos'k] d`".k dh jklyhyk djus rfkk HkfDr djus dk vf/kdkj fn;ka bugha dh HkfDr dk izhkko Fkk fd Hkhyksa us viuh lkekftd cqjkbz;ksa dks nwj fd;k vksj os lekt dh eq[;/kkjk ds fudv igq p ldsa vkt Hkh lar ekoth dks dfyd Hkxoku dk vorkj ekudj Hkhy tutkfr bugsa viuk vkjk/; nso Lohdkj djrh gsa budh Le`fr esa os.ks'oj /kke esa izfro"kz esys dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gs] ftls ^vkfnokfl;ksa dk dqehk* dgk tkrk gsa ladsrk{kj % okxm] fmaxy] pksims] lkekftd n'kzu] tkfr ca/ku] eqfdr ekxz] lektokn] fu"dyad leçnk;a jktlfkku ds fmaxy lkfgr; esa lar&lqjekvksa dh thou T;ksfr dk vkstloh Lo:i fo'ks"k :i ls vafdr gsa oklro esa 'kwjohj,oa lar nksuks gh lr; ds iqtkjh yksdfgrdkjh vksj tueugkjh gksrs gsa ftu mnkjpsrkvksa dk thou blh mnkùk <yk] mudh iquhr Le`fr jktlfkku ds tuekul esa 'kk'or :is.k vafdr gks xbza jktlfkkuh Hkk"kk esa,d dgkor izfl¼ gs ^tkr jks dkj.k uha] jkr jks dkj.k gqos* vfkkzr fdlh O;fDr dh egùkk dk dkj.k mldh tkfr ugha cfyd og jkf= gs] ftlesa mldk tue gqvka bl izdkj ekuork ds Lo:i dh ;gk lnso oanuk dh xbza jktlfkku ds bfrgkl esa 18oha lnh dk fo'ks"k egro gsa bl vof/k esa mppdksfv ds lur egkrekvksa us vius Kkukyksd }kjk yksdekul ds vkkuku/kdkj ds 'keu dk iz'kaluh; iz;kl fd;ka,sls egku HkDrksa esa nf{k.kh jktlfkku ds ckxm+ izns'k ds d`".k HkDr ekoth (loar 1771 & laor 1801) dk egroiw.kz LFkku gsa bugksaus lk/kuk vksj lnkpkj ds ek/;e ls fno;kku izkir dj lekt ds nfyr oxz] fueu le>h tkus okyh tkfr;ksa,oa ifrrk ukjh ds le{k HkfDr dk ljy] lqxe vksj lqyhk vkn'kz izlrqr fd;ka 1 ekoth dk tue orzeku Mw xjiqj ftys dh vkliqj rglhy ds lkcykxzke esa gqvk FkkA budh izekf.kd tuefrffk loar~ emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

100 1781 ek?k 'kqdyk 5 cq/kokj FkhA lke lkxj esa ekoth ds ekrk firk dk uke Øe'k% dslj ckbz,oa nkye ½f"k of.kzr gsa buds firk vf'kf{kr Fks] fdurq lk/kkj.k [ksrh,oa czkã.k o`fr ls vkthfodk pykrs FksA mudk ifjokj vksfnpp czkã.k tkfr dk Fkk] vr% ikfjokfjd laldkj /kkfezd gksuk LoHkkfod FkkA ekoth ds laldkj ckn esa tkdj mlh izdkj ds cus vksj mugksaus Hkxoku fu"dayd dh iwtk djuk izkjehk dj fn;ka ekoth dk cpiu cm+h gh dfbukbz ls O;rhr gqvka ml dky esa dqn v{kj Kku gks tkus ds ckn czkã.kksa ds ckydksa dks 'kkl=ksa dk Kku fn;k tkrk FkkA ekoth dks ;g lc ckrsa fujfkzd yxh vksj mudk eu i<+us esa ugha yxrk FkkA i<+kbz esa v:fp ns[kdj ekrk&firk us ekoth dks vius [ksrksa dh j[kokyh djus,oa xk;s pjkus dk dke lksai fn;ka ekoth ;gk ij :[kkbz fn[kkrs vksj Lo;a d`".k dk :i /kkj.k djds Hktu xkrs] ukprs vksj ikxy dh rjg ls ckrs djus yxrsa ckn esa bugha ckrksa dk izhkko mudh jpukvksa esa n`f"vxr gqvka ekoth us ufn;ksa ls f?kjs os.ks'oj Vkiw dks viuh lk/kuk ds fy, lokzf/kd mi;qdr ik;k vksj lkcyk ls foøe laor~ 1784 esa ek?k 'kqdy,dkn'kh dks os.k o`unkou /kke (os.ks'oj) ds fy, fogkj fd;k vksj ogha jgdj ri djrs gq, fofhkuu jpuk, dh] tks jktlfkkuh lkfgr; dh nqyzhk fojklr gsa budk nsgkolku laor~ 1801 esa gqvka ekoth ek= lk{kj gh Fks] fdurq ;ksx cy vksj Kku izdk'k ls mugksaus in jpuk, dha muds }kjk 5 pksimsa+] dbz y?kq xzufk,oa xqvds fy[ks x;sa buesa okxm+ dh xksjo xkfkk ds lkfk gh vk/kqfud thou dh ubz rduhd o lkekftd O;oLFkk ij dbz Hkfo";okf.k;k Hkh dh xbz gsa ekoth ds ik p pksim+ksa esa ls pkj bl le; lqjf{kr gsa buesa es?klkxj Mw xjiqj ftys esa lkoyk ds gfj eafnj esa gs] ftlesa xhrk Kku mins'k] HkkSxksfyd ifjorzuksa dh Hkfo";okf.k;k gsa nwljk lke lkxj 'ks"kiqj esa gs] ftlesa 'ks"kiqj,oa /kksykx<+ rfkk fno; okf.k;k gs] rhljk izselkxj Mw xjiqj ftys ds gh iqatiqj esa gs] ftlesa /kekszins'k] Hkwxksy] bfrgkl o Hkkoh?kVukvksa dh izrhdkred tkudkjh gsa pksfkk pksim+k jrulkxj] ck lokm+k 'kgj ds fruiksfy;k jksm+ flfkr fo'odekz eafnj esa lqjf{kr gsa blesa jaxhu fp= jkeyhyk] d`".kyhykvksa dk euksgkjh o.kzu ltho gks mbkk gsa ekoth dk ik pok pksim+k vuur lkxj ejkbk vkøe.k ds le; ckthjko is'kok }kjk ys tk;k x;k] ftls ckn esa vaxzst ys x,a pksim+ksa ds vykok buds }kjk jfpr xzufkksa esa vkxy okf.k;k ] Hkwxksy iqjk.k] dkyaxk gj.k] Kku jruekyk] "kv dey] lqjkuan ok.kh izeq[k gsa lkfk gh bugksaus fofhkuu vkjrh;ksa] lyks[kk] L=ksar] in br;kfn dh jpuk dh gsa bu lhkh jpukvksa esa budk lkekftd n'kuz fufgr gs rfkk ml le; dh lkekftd tdm+cfun;k,oa muds f[kykq buds iz;kl myysf[kr gsa ekoth ds mpp dqyksriuu gksus ij Hkh tkfr ca/ku,oa czkã.kokn ij djkjh pksv dh gsa muds vuqlkj leiw.kz ekuo lekt,d gsa tkfr L=h iq:"k nks gsa euq"; pk.mky ds dk;z djs vksj og czkã.k tkfr ls gs rks og czkã.k ugha gsa Hkxoku fdlh tkfr fo'ks"k ls izse ugha djrk og mlh ls izse djrk gs tks mlls izse djrk gs vksj lqïr; djrk gsa lamky dez lksm+h djh] izhkq Hkxrh /;koksa u ls /kjs uht lkelq] Hkksxrh Qy ikoksa AA3AA vksùke] e/;e gfj ds ugha] cm+k gj D;w tkusaa4aa ekoth us fu:¼ volfkk dh izkfir gsrq /;ku jus ewfrz iwtk dh Fkh] fdurq ewfrz iwtk ds fojks/k esa muds fopkj gsa olu Vkadh cl ts jgs] lqrks nso txkosa Vkadhlq VqdM+k Hk;k lks rks irfkj dgkos AA1AA rhfkkzvu&n'kzu vkfn dk Hkh fojks/k djrs gq, ekoth us dgk gs fd lkjk lalkj ew[kzrk ds lkxj esa Mwck gqvk gsa iki djds rhfkz ;k=k ds fy, py im+rk gsa D;k blls mlds iki /kqy tkosaxs \ vkmecjksa dks NksM+ gzn; ls bz'oj Lej.k gh lppk eqfdr dk ekxz gsa,d dabh lkik fd;k] nwtk djok vkaxk dkbd du Q<+kfovk dksbz ds er tkxk AA5AA dezqy ds ckjs esa ekoth dk ekuuk Fkk fd tks tslk djrk gs] mls oslk gh Qy izkir gksrk gs%& Hk"k] lksmh] vhk"k] euesa ugs n;k lkgsc ys"kk ekax ls] tokc nsls D;k AA ml ;qx esa osfnd dky dh iwt;uh;k ukjh?kj dh emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

101 pkjnhokjh esa dsnek= jg xbz FkhA eqflye vkøe.k ls mriuu vlqj{kk ds dkj.k cky&fookg dh lel;k izdv gks xbz FkhA ekoth us ukjh m}kj ds fy;s lekt dk ekxzn'kzu fd;ka muds fy, jkl vksj HkfDr dk ekxz [kksyka os.ks'oj gjeafnj f'kykys[k esa ekoth dh pkj 6 ifru;ksa dk myys[k gsa tkfr izfkk dk fojks/k djus vksj Loa; dks bldk mnkgj.k cukus ds mn~ns'; ls czkã.k ds vykok vu; tkfr dh du;kvksa ls fookg djuk r; fd;ka ukjh m}kj ds n`f"vdks.k dks e/; utj j[krs gq, fo/kok euqckbz ls fookg fd;ka mugksaus inkz izfkk dk [k.mu fd;k gsa ekoth us du;k foø; dks?k`.kk dh n`f"v ls ns[kk vksj fu"dyad leiznk; esa yksxksa dks,slk f?kuksuk dk;z ugha djus dk mins'k fn;ka ekoth us dqlaxfr cqjh crkbza cqjk Loa; Hkh Mwcrk gs vksj mldh laxrh djus okys dks Hkh ys Mwcrk gsa 7 dqlaxk lax Mqcls] cqmrksa cqmkmsa ekoth us viuh ok.kh esa dgk fd lr; ozr ges'kk vkpj.k esa ykuk pkfg,a ekvs lr; tksx HkkbZ vklj.kh lkyowa ekoth dh ok.kh esa lektokn dh >yd n`f"vxkspj gksrh gsa muds vuqlkj gj O;fDr ds ikl vko';d olrq gks rfkk edku vo'; gh gksuk pkfg,a mugksaus vko';d le>k fd lekt esa vkil esa lg;ksx dh Hkkouk fujurj] iqf"ir,oa Qfyr gksrh jgsa vkilh lg;ksx ds fcuk lekt dh muufr dfbu gsa vkfnoklh oxz rhkh Åij mb ldrk gs] tc lhkh vkil esa lfg".kqrk,oa lg;ksx dh Hkkouk ls dke djsaa vkt Hkh Hkhyksa esa vkilh lg;ksx dh Hkkouk Qfyr gks jgh gsa os edku cukus] dqvka [kksnus o vu; lq[k&nq%[k esa fey tqy dj dk;z djrs gsa ekoth ds vuqlkj fdlh x`glfkh ds fy, ;g vko';d gs fd mlds ikl edku] ol=] xk;]?kksm+k ;k Å V] Hkwfe] csy gksa ekoth ds le; lkear'kkgh 'kklu O;oLFkk fo eku Fkh vksj xjhc,oa finm+h iztk dk vr;f/kd 'kks"k.k gks jgk FkkA mugksaus 'kkld oxz dks iztkfgr dk;z djus dk mins'k fn;ka muds vuqlkj jktk dks gal U;k; djuk pkfg, vfkkzr~ jktk dk fu.kz; lcds fgr esa gksuk pkfg,a jktk dks fj'or ugha ysuh pkfg,a iztk dks lq[k nsuk pkfg,a dj U;k; laxr ysuk pkfg,a czkã.k] lk/kq dh lsok djuh pkfg,a dksbz uxj Hkax ugha djuk pkfg,a vksns 'kcnksa dk iz;ksx ugha djuk pkfg,a ekoth ds dky esa 'kwæ oxz dh n'kk vr;ur 'kkspuh; FkhA vloklf;dj vksj?k`f.kr le>s tkus okys lsok dk;ksz dh y{e.k js[kk us muds cksf}d vksj 'kkjhfjd lkef;z dks cka/k fn;k FkkA,slh xehkhj ifjflfkfr;ksa esa mugksaus izse o lfg".kqrk] ekuoh; vfhkxe rfkk loz /kez leuo; dh LFkkiuk djus ds fy, fu"dyad leiznk; dh LFkkiuk dha mugksaus gj :f<+] gj vkmacj] gj ijeijkxr vuqi;ksx jhfr ij fuhkz;rkiwozd fueze vk?kkr fd;ka mugksaus Li"V%?kksf"kr fd;k fd vkpkj] vr;kpkj gksdj ugha fuhksxka /ku laxzg ugha djuka t:jr ls T;knk olrq dk laxzg ugha djuka 'kq¼ vkpj.k ls thuka ru]eu,oa ok.kh ls fdlh dks nq%[k nsus dh ps"vk ugha djuka fdlh dh ijk/khurk Lohdkjuh ughaa fdlh ds izfr bz";kz ugha djuha du;k ls 'kknh ds ckn ml ijkbz ym+dh dks nq%[k ugha nsuka ifru dks ifr ozr vksj ifr dks ifruozr esa jguk pkfg,a ekoth us vkrefu;a=.k ij cy fn;k gsa fo/kok ;k fo/kqj dks Loa; ij fu;a=.k j[kuk pkfg,a O;fDr dks viuk drzo; ikyu djuk pkfg;sa dhkh lqlrh ugha j[kuh pkfg,a tks ges'kk fu;e la;e ls jgrs gsa os nh?kkz;q jgrs gsaa le; dh xfr ds vuqlkj jguk [kku&iku vius ;ksx; gksa e;kznk dk dhkh myy?kau ugha djuk] pksjh ugh djuk] en&ek l] vqhe] reckdw,oa vu; vusdkusd vhk{; olrqvksa dk lsou ugha djuk] vkil esa ym+kbz >xm+s ugha djuk] tks vk [kksa ns[kk gs ogh dguk] cukovh ckr ugha dguha ik[k.m vkmecj ls nwj jguk nwljs ds nq%[k dks le>uk] dhkh ekax dj ugha [kkuk vkfna olrqr% fu"dyad leiznk; esa,d vkn'kzoknh lekt ds fuekz.k dh vko';drk ij cy fn;k x;ka ;gk ekoth egkrek xk /kh ds vxzxkeh izrhr gksrs gs] ftugksaus loztu dy;k.k dk lans'k fn;ka bl leiznk; ds ek/;e ls ekoth us Hkzfer lekt dk ekxzn'kzu fd;ka ekoth leiznk; esa ml le; cqudj tkfr lfeefyr gks xbza cqudj tkfr us lald`frdj.k izfø;k }kjk tkfr O;oLFkk esa mpp lksiku izkir dj fy;ka emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

102 ekoth us viuh ok.kh esa vkus okys ;qxksa dks ysdj <sjksa Hkfo";okf.k;k dh gsa] tks yksdeu dks vkjehk ls gh izhkkfor,oa fofler djrh jgh gsa mugksaus lkezkt;okn ds var] iztkra= dh LFkkiuk] vnwrks¼kj] ik[k.m vksj dfy;qx ds izhkkoksa esa o`f¼] ifjos'kh;] lkekftd,oa lkalkfjd ifjorzuksa ij Li"V Hkfo";okf.k;k dh gs] ftugsa vkt lkdkj gqvk ns[kk tk ldrk gsa yxhkx rhu lks o"kz iwoz tc ikuh dh dksbz deh ugha Fkh rc mugksaus vkt ds gkyksa rks tkuokj dgk Fkk& ifj;s ik.kh oslk;s egkjkt vfkkzr~ rksy (yhvj) ds vuqlkj ikuh fcdsxka lkeurh lùkk ds ijkhko dks mugksaus fno; n`f"v ls ns[kdj gh dgk Fkk & ^iozr xjh us ik.kh Fkkls* olrqr% ekoth dk izknqhkkzo okxm+ izns'k ds finms+iu dks nwj djus ds fy, ekuoh; lekt dh LFkkiuk gsrq gqvk FkkA oklrfod lr; dks fole`r dj ifk Hkz"V gq, tuekul dh yech lq"kqfir ls tkx`rkolfkk esa ykdj mfpr ekxz ij vxzlj gksus dks izsfjr djuk dksbz ljy dk;z ugha ;k] fdurq lr; dh Bksl Hkwfe ij [kms+ gksdj ekoth tsls egkiq:"kksa us blh lr; 'kfdr ds cy ij brus vkrefo'okliw.kz bl dùkzo; dk fuozgu fd;k fd rrdkyhu lekt rks bu ;qx psrukvksa ds leeq[k urelrd gqvk gh] lkfk gh vkus okyk izr;sd ;qx mudk ½.kh gks x;ka ekoth lekt lq/kkjd Fks ftudh lkekftd lq/kkj dh psruk /kkjk, vkt Hkh izokfgr gksdj uothou dk lans'k ns jgh gsa ekoth us okxm+ dh Hkhy tutkfr esa psruk dk lapkj fd;ka bugksaus os.ks'oj/kke dks viuk lk/kuk LFky cuk;k vksj ogha ij Hkhyksa dks mins'k fn;ka bugha dh HkfDr dk izhkko Fkk fd Hkhyksa us viuh lkekftd cqjkbz;ksa dks nwj fd;k vksj os lekt dh eq[;/kkjk ds fudv igq p ldsa vkt Hkh lar ekoth dks dfyd Hkxoku dk vorkj ekudj Hkhy tutkfr bugsa viuk vkjk/; nso Lohdkj djrh gsa budh Le`fr esa os.ks'oj /kke esa izfro"kz esys dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gs] ftls ^vkfnokfl;ksa dk dqehk* dgk tkrk gsa lanhkz xzufk lwph 1- vxzoky] efkqjk izlkn] lar ekoth (Hkkjrh; lkfgr; ds fuekzrk)] lkfgr; vdkneh] ubz fnyyh] vks>k] xksjh'kadj ghjkpun] Mw xjiqj jkt; dk bfrgkl] jktlfkkuh xzufkkxkj] tks/kiqj] ekf.kd; yky oekz vkfne tutkfr 'kks/k lalfkku }kjk izdkf'kr ^n VªkbZCl* ds fofhkuu laldj.ka 4- lar ekoth dh Loa; dh jpuk, &pksim+k] vkxyok.kh br;kfna 5- 'kekz] lkxjey] jktlfkku ds lar (Hkkx&2)] 'ks[kkokvh 'kks/k izfr"bku] fpm+kok] >q >quw 'kekz],l-,y-] lar ekoth] fgeka'kq ifcyds'kul] mn;iqj emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

103 f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj &,d ifjp; iwtk xksm+ 'kks/kkfkhz] t; ukjk;.k O;kl fo'ofo ky;] tks/kiqj 'kks/k Lkkjka'k f'k{kk izkir djuk gj O;fDr dk vf/kdkj gsa izr;sd jk"vª dh izxfr ml jk"vª ds lekt ls fu/kkzfjr gksrh gs vksj lekt dh izxfr fuhkzj jgrh gs ^f'k{kk* ija f'k{kk gh jk"vª dh lajpuk dks lqo;oflfkr o fuf'pr vkdkj iznku djrh gsa ;fn f'k{kk O;oLFkk mrï"v,oa orzeku vis{kkvksa ds vuq:i gs rks fuf'pr :i ls fodkl dh lahkkouk, izcy gksxha f'k{kk lnk ls gh ekuo thou dk vk/kkj jgh gsaa thou dh tfvyrk ds lkfk f'k{kk Hkh fof'k"v :iksa esa izlrqr gksrh xbz] mlds bu :iksa dh egùkk Lohdkjh x;h vksj f'k{kk dks /ku rfkk ckgqcy dh Hkk fr 'kfdr dk,d egroiw.kz L=ksr ekuk x;ka vk/kqfud ;qx esa f'k{kk dk ekuoh; thou esa dsunzh; LFkku gks x;k gs vksj ;g vko';d Hkh gs ekuo dh fu;fr] tulk/kkj.k ds fy;s u;h O;oLFkk esa ekuoksfpr LFkku] lhkh dqn rks f'k{kk ij gh fuhkzj gs] vf/kdkf/kd fuhkzj gksrs tk jgs gsaa f'k{kk dh c<+rh blh egùkk vksj mi;ksfxrk dks /;ku esa j[kdj orzeku le; dh ljdkj us,d u;k dne mbk;k vksj f'k{kk ds {ks= esa,d dkuwu yk;k x;k ^f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj*a ladsrk{kj % fu%'kqyd,oa vfuok;z f'k{kk] lafo/kku la'kks/ku] f'k{kk uhfr] ewy;ksa ls vuq:irk] ek/;fed f'k{kk] 'ksf{kd fodkla ^^f'k{kk lcls vf/kd 'kfdr'kkyh gffk;kj gs ftldk mi;ksx dj vki nqfu;k cny ldrs gsa** fo &usylu e.msyk 'o ds vusd ns'kksa esa ^f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj* fofhkuu izk:iksa esa fø;kfuor fd;k tk jgk gsa f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj dksbz ubz vo/kkj.kk ;k dkuwu ugha gsa vksj bldh mrifùk fdlh mrifjorzu dk ifj.kke Hkh ugha gs vfirq yecs iz;klksa dk izfrqy gsa Hkkjr esa xksikyï".k xks[kys us fczfv'k dkyhu fo/kkulhkk (baihfj;y vlsacyh) esa f'k{kk ds vf/kdkj dh ckr dgh Fkh vksj rc ls ysdj vkt rd bls dkuwu dk :i nsus ds fy;s pj.kc¼ rjhds ls vusd ifjorzu fd;s x;sa cpps ns'k dk Hkfo"; gksrs gs] Hkkoh d.kz/kkj gksrs gsaa ;fn cpps gh vkkurk ;k vf'k{kk ds xrz esa lek tk,saxs rks ns'k rfkk lekt dk Hkfo"; va/kdkje; gks tk,xk] vkt Hkh ns'k esa yxhkx ik p djksm+ cpps,sls gs] tks f'k{kk ls oafpr gsa lu~ 1976 ls iwoz f'k{kk iw.kz:i ls jkt;ksa dk mùkjnkf;ro Fkk ijurq ckn esa lafo/kku la'kks/ku dj f'k{kk dks leorhz lwph esa Mkyk x;ka bl lafo/kku la'kks/ku ls f'k{kk ds {ks= esa jkt;ksa dh Hkwfedk,oa muds mùkjnkf;roksa esa dksbz cm+k ifjorzu ugha gqvk ijurq dsunz ljdkj us f'k{kk ds jk"vªh;,oa,dhïr Lo:i dks lqn`<+rk iznku djus esa egrh Hkwfedk fuhkk;ha dsunz ljdkj us lu~ 1986 dh jk"vªh; f'k{kk uhfr dks fø;kfuor fd;ka emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

104 ns'k esa f'k{kk dh flfkfr esa lq/kkj ykus o f'k{kk ls oafpr cppksa dks f'k{kk ls tksm+us ds fy, 86osa lafo/kku la'kks/ku fo/ks;d ds i'pkr~ o"kz 2009 esa laln esa fu%'kqyd,oa vfuok;z f'k{kk fo/ks;d ikfjr fd;k x;k vksj 1 vizsy 2010 ls f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e 2009 ds :i esa 'kr&izfr'kr ykxw dj fn;k x;k gsa f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj dkuwu dk iwjk uke ^fn jkbv vkwq fpymªu Vw Ýh,aM deiyljh,twds'ku,dv 2009* gs] ftls la{ksi esa vkj-vh-bz- dgk tkrk gsa f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj orzeku Lo:i esa vkus ls iwoz vusd lel;kvksa] pquksfr;ksa,oa ifjorzuksa ds nksj ls xqtjk gs & Ø Ø Ø Ø lu~ 1920 esa dsunzh; f'k{kk ijke'kznkrk cksmz dk xbu f'k{kk ds {ks= esa dsunzh; vksj jkt; ljdkjksa dks ijke'kz nsus ds fy;s fd;k x;k] ysfdu 1923 esa [kpksza esa fero;rk ds uke ij bls Hkax dj fn;k x;ka lu~ 1935 esa bls iqu% xfbr fd;k x;k vksj 1994 esa cksmz ds c<+s gq, dk;zdky dh lekfir ds ckn bldk iquxzbu ugha fd;k x;ka jk"vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 1985 esa izko/kku fd;k x;k fd 'ksf{kd fodkl dh leh{kk djus rfkk O;oLFkk,oa dk;zøeksa ij utj j[kus ds fy;s t:jh ifjorzuksa dk fu/kkzj.k fd;k tk, vksj blh lanhkz esa tqykbz 2004 esa dsunzh; f'k{kk ijke'kznkrk cksmz dk iquxzbu fd;k x;ka iquxzfbr dsunzh; f'k{kk ijke'kznkrk cksmz dh 10,oa 11 vxlr] 2004 dks gqbz csbd esa f'k{kk ls tqm+s egroiw.kz,oa laosnu'khy eqn~nksa ij fo'ks"k ppkz dh vko';drk crkrs gq, fu%'kqyd,oa vfuok;z f'k{kk fo/ks;d rfkk izkfkfed f'k{kk ls tqm+s nwljs igyqvksa ij tksj fn;k x;ka bu fo"k;ksa ls lacaf/kr flrecj 2004 esa gh lkr (7) lfefr;ksa dk xbu dj fn;k x;ka blds i'pkr~ tqykbz 2005 dks ubz fnyyh esa gqbz dsunzh; f'k{kk ijke'kznkrk cksmz dh 53oha csbd esa fopkj foe'kz djus ds i'pkr~,d fuf'pr dk;z vof/k esa dk;z djus ds fy;s izfke %& dk;z ;kstuk dk [kkdk rs;kj fd;k x;k rfkk rhu LFkk;h lfefr;k xfbr djus dk fu.kz; fy;k x;ka ubz f'k{kk uhfr dk ykxw djkus dh vko';drk ds lecu/k esaa f}rh; %& jk"vªh; lk{kjrk fe'ku] iks"k.k] LokLF; vksj izks<+ f'k{kk ds laca/k esaa r`rh; %& cppksa dh f'k{kk] cky fodkl lfefr ds lecu/k esaa fnlecj] 2002 esa 86osa lafo/kku la'kks/ku vf/kfu;e] 2002 ds Hkkx&3 (ewyhkwr vf/kdkj) esa,d ubz /kkjk 21, tksm+dj 6&14 vk;q oxz ds lhkh cppksa dks eq r vksj vfuok;z f'k{kk dks ewyhkwr vf/kdkj cukus dh ckr dh xbza lafo/kku ds vuqpnsn 21, ds vuqlkj ^^dkuwu ladyi }kjk] jkt; vius vuq:i 6 ls 14 o"kz rd dh vk;q oxz ds lhkh cppksa dks eq r vksj vfuok;z f'k{kk iznku djsxka** ns'k ds lafo/kku fuekzrkvksa dks irk Fkk fd Hkkjr esa QSyh fuj{kjrk dks rc rd nwj ugha fd;k tk ldrk tc rd fd f'k{kk dks vfuok;z,oa fu%'kqyd ugha fd;k tkrka Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqpnsn 45 esa dgk x;k gs fd ^^jkt; bl lafo/kku ds izkjehk esa 10 o"kz dh vof/k ds Hkhrj lhkh cppksa dks 14 o"kz rd dh vk;q rd fu%'kqyd,oa vfuok;z f'k{kk miyc/k djkus dk iz;kl djsxka** izkfkfed f'k{kk izr;sd lekt] ns'k vksj O;fDr dk vk/kkj gs ;k ;wa dg ldrs gs fd izkjfehkd f'k{kk cppksa ds fy;s fdlh Hkou dh ^uhao* ds leku gsa ;fn ns'k ds bu uksfugkyksa dh uhao etcwr j[kh tk,xh rks ml ij [km+k gksus okyk Hkou Hkh fuf'pr :ils vf/kd etcwr gksxka cppksa ds fy, izkjfehkd f'k{kk dks ewy vf/kdkjksa esa lfeefyr djus ds ihns dbz dkj.k jgs gs] ftuesa ls eq[; dkj.kksa dks laf{kir esa crk;k tk jgk gs %& izfke %& ;g nkf;ro ds fodkl ds fy, t:jh gsa O;fDrRo dk lokzaxh.k fodkl izkfkfed f'k{kk ls tqm+k gksrk gsa cppksa dh bl vk;q esa lh[kus] tkuus dh ftkklk gksrh gs] ftldh iwfrz izkjfehkd f'k{kk ls lehko gsa f}rh; %& f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj lkekftd ifjorzu ds fy;s vko';d gsa lekt esa vusd jhfr&fjokt] 100 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

105 izfkk, ] fu;e&dkuwu] ca/ku fo eku gsa fofhkuu lektksa esa] {ks=ksa esa vkt Hkh vusd dqizfkk, ekstwn gs vksj yksxksa esa :f<+oknh fopkj/kkjk, fo eku gsa f'k{kk O;fDr dh fopkj/kkjk dks folr`r cukrh gs vksj lkekftd cqjkbz;ksa,oa dqizfkkvksa ls nwj djus esa lgk;d fl¼ gksrh gsa r`rh; dkj.k %& ;g vusd pquksfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus esa l{ke cukrh gs rfkk jk"vªh; fodkl esa lgk;d dh Hkwfedk fuhkkrh gsa prqfkz dkj.k %& f'k{kk ls gh vk/kkj dks etcwr cukdj Hkfo"; ds dfj;j dks etcwr cuk;k tk ldrk gsa f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e ds izko/kku Hkkjr esa f'k{kk dk izko/kku lafo/kku dh leorhz lwph esa j[kk x;k gs ftlls dsunz vksj jkt; ljdkj nksuksa dks bl fo"k; ij dkuwu cukus dk vf/kdkj gsa ;g vf/kfu;e 6 ls 14 o"kz rd lhkh cppksa dks f'k{kk gkfly djus dk vf/kdkj iznku djrk gsa vf/kfu;e lhkh cppksa ds fy;s ;g lqfuf'pr djrk gs fd izr;sd cppk fu%'kqyd f'k{kk izkir djsaa vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk &3 % blesa 6 ls 14 o"kz rd dh vk;q ds izr;sd ckyd dks izkjfehkd f'k{kk iwjh gksus rd fdlh vkl&ikl ds fo ky; esa fu%'kqyd,oa vfuok;z f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj iznku djrk gsa ;fn bl vk;q oxz ds fdlh cpps dks izos'k ugha fn;k x;k ;k izos'k rks fn;k x;k ijurq mlus izkjfehkd f'k{kk iwjh ugha dh gs] rks mldh vk;q ds vuqlkj mls mfpr d{kk esa izos'k fn;k tk;sxk rfkk vu; fo ky; esa LFkkukUrj.k dk Hkh vf/kdkj gsa vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk&6% blesa of.kzr gs fd d{kk 1 ls 5 rd cppksa ds fy, 1 fdyksehvj dh isnu nwjh dh lhek esa rfkk d{kk 6 ls 8 rd ds cppksa ds fy;s 2 fd-eh- dh isny nwjh dh lhek esa,d fo ky; LFkkfir fd;k tk;sa bl vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa dks fø;kfuor djus ds fy;s lacaf/kr ljdkj rfkk LFkkuh; iz'kklu dks ;fn vko';d yxs rks fo ky; [kksyuk gksxka vf/kfu;e ds rgr ;fn fdlh {ks= esa fo ky; ugh gs rks ogka ij rhu o"kksza esa fo ky; dk fuekz.k djok;k tkuk vko';d gsa bl vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkukuqlkj dsunz ljdkj us jk"vªh; 'ksf{kd vuqla/kku,oa izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~ (NCERT) dks 'ksf{kd ikb~;øe ewy;kadu izfø;k ds fy;s vf/kïr fd;k gs ftldk eq[; dk;z izkjfehkd f'k{kk,oa blds fy;s vko';d ikb~;øe dk jk"vªh; Lrj ij fodkl djuk gsa fu%'kdr cppksa ds Øe esa] fu%'kdrrk mugsa fo ky; igqapus ls jksdrh gs jkt; ljdkj@lfkkuh; izkf/kdkjh muds fy, mfpr,oa lqjf{kr ;krk;kr O;oLFkk dk iz;kl djsaxsa dsunzh; ljdkj,oa jkt; ljdkj foùkh; vksj vu; mùkjnkf;roksa ds fuozgu esa vius Lrj ij ;Fkk lehko lg;ksx,oa dk;zokgh djsaxsa vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk&8% blesa lhkh oxz ds ckydksa ds lkfk leku O;ogkj,oa lqfo/kk, miyc/k djokus vksj cppksa ds lkfk fdlh izdkj ds i{kikr ij izfrca/k dk izko/kku fd;k x;k gsa bl /kkjk esa xq.koùkk iw.kz f'k{kk] ikb~;øeksa dk le;kof/k esa iwjk djus] izkfkfed f'k{kk esa izos'k] miflfkfr vksj mls iwjk djus dks lqfuf'pr dj izcks/ku djuk rfkk f'k{kdksa ds fy, izf'k{k.k lqfo/kk miyc/k djkuk Hkh 'kkfey gsa vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk &10% blesa izr;sd ekrk&firk ;k laj{kd ds dùkzo;ksa dk myys[k djrs gq, crk;k x;k gs fd os vkl&ikl ds fo ky; esa izkjfehkd f'k{kk ds fy, vius cppksa dks izos'k fnyok,a bl vf/kfu;e esa futh fo ky;ksa esa 25% LFkku xjhc cppksa ds fy, vkjf{kr j[kus dk izko/kku fd;k x;k gsa,sls cppksa dh Qhl ljdkj ogu djsxh vksj ;g Qhl ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa izfr cpps ij tks vkslr [kpz vkrk gs mldh nj ls ;k Ldwy }kjk fu/kkzfjr Qhl dh nj ls] buesa ls tks Hkh de gks mlds vuqlkj ns; gksxha dksbz Hkh futh fo ky; Mksus'ku ;k dsfivs'ku Qhl cppksa ls ugha ys ldsxk vksj izos'k ds le; cppksa ds ekrk&firk dk lk{kkrdkj Hkh ugha ys ldsaxsa vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk&20% dsunzh; ljdkj vf/klwpuk }kjk] vuqlwph dk] mlesa fdlh ekud dks tksm+dj ;k mlls mldk yksi djds la'kks/ku fd;k tk ldsxka emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

106 bl vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkukuqlkj,d fo ky; izca/k lfefr ds xbu dk myys[k gs ftlesa U;wure rhu pksfkkbz lnl; ekrk&firk ;k laj{kdksa ds fy, fu/kkzfjr fd;s x;s gs] lkfk gh nqczy oxz ds ekrk&firk ;k laj{kdksa dks lekuqikrh izfrfuf/kro fn;k tk;sxka bl lfefr esa 50 izfr'kr lnl; efgyk, gksuh pkfg,a vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk&21 % blesa fo ky; izcu/ku lfefr dh lajpuk,oa rrpksa dk myys[k fd;k x;k gs ftlesa xsj lgk;rk izkir fo ky; ls fhkuu izr;sd fo ky; esa vf/kfu;e ds izkjehk gksus ds N% ekg ds vunj jkt;&ljdkj@lfkkuh; izkf/kdkjh }kjk le; ij tkjh funsz'kksa ds vuqlkj,d fo ky; izcu/ku lfefr dk xbu fd;k tk;sxk vksj izr;sd nks o"kz esa mldk iquxzbu fd;k tk,xka ;g lfefr ;kstuk] vuqjo.k vksj vu; fofu'p; lecu/kh ekeyksa ds iz;kstu ds fy, fo ky; izcu/ku dh fodsunzhïr bdkbz ds :i esa dk;z djsxha ;g lfefr vius dqy lnl;ksa ds 25 izfr'kr lnl;ksa dh x.kiwfrz lfgr izr;sd N% esa csbd djsxh rfkk fo ky; izcu/ku lfefr dk v/;{k,oa mik/;{k vfhkhkkodksa esa ls gksxk,oa iz/kkuk/;kid lfefr dk lnl; lfpo gksxka 15 lnl;ksa dh,d dk;zdkfj.kh lfefr gksxh] ftlesa 75 izfr'kr lnl; vuqlwfpr t k f t u t k f r d s i z f r f u f / k ; k s a l f g r vfhkhkkod@laj{kd gksaxsa dk;zdkfj.kh lfefr dh csbd blds dqy lnl;ksa ds,d frgkbz lnl;ksa ls x.kiwfrz lfgr ekg esa,d ckj gksxha fo ky; izcu/ku lfefr,d foùkh; o"kz ds ftlesa vf/kfu;e ds v/khu mldk igyh ckj xbu fd;k x;k gs] var esa de ls de rhu ekg iwoz,d fo ky; fodkl ;kstuk rs;kj djsxha ;g fo ky; fodkl ;kstuk rhu o"kksz dh ;kstuk gksxh] ftlesa rhu okf"kzd mi;kstuk, gksxha fo ky; dh fodkl ;kstuk ij fo ky; fodkl lfefr ds v/;{k ;k mik/;{k vksj la;kstd }kjk glrk{kj fd;s tk,xs vksj mlds ml foùkh; o"kz ds ftlesa mls rs;kj fd;k tkrk gs] dh lekfir ls igys ftyk f'k{kk vf/kdkjh (izkjfehkd f'k{kk) dks izlrqr fd;k tk,xka v/;kidksa dh ifjosnuk fulrkj.k ds fy;s ftyk Lrjh; ifjosnuk lfefr ds xbu dk izko/kku gsa vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk & 29 blesa izkjfehkd f'k{kk ds fy, ikb~;øe vksj mldh ewy;kadu izfø;k leqfpr ljdkj] vf/klwpuk }kjk fofufnz"v fd;s tkus okys f'k{kk izkf/kdkjh }kjk dh tk,xh rfkkk f'k{kk izkf/kdkjh fueu ckrksa dks /;ku esa j[ksaxs %& 1- lafo/kku esa izfr"bkfir ewy;ksa ls vuq:irka 2- ckyd dk lokzaxh.k fodkla 3- Kku vur% 'kfä ] ;ksx;rk dk fuekz.ka 4- 'kkjhfjd,oa ekufld fodkla 5- f'k{kk dk ek/;e vkfna vu; izko/kku f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e 2009 esa izko/kku gs fd fdlh Hkh f'k{kd dks xsj&'ksf{kd iz;kstuksa (tux.kuk] vkink] jkgr dk;z] fuokzpu) esa ugha yxk;k tk,xk rfkk f'k{kdksa ds V~;w'ku ;k izkbzosv f'k{k.k fø;kdykiksa esa lfeefyr gksus ij izfrca/k gsa fo ky;ksa esa Nk= f'k{kd vuqikr 40%1 dk gksuk pkfg, ftls vf/kfu;e ds ykxw gksus ds N% ekg ds vunj cuk;k tkuk pkfg,a bl vf/kfu;e ds rgr fo ky;ksa ds fy, fu/kkzfjr eku vksj ekudksa esa d{kk 1 ls 5 rd lkb (60) rd izos'k gksus ij nks f'k{kd] 61 ls 90 ds chp gksus ij rhu f'k{kd] 91 ls 120 ds chp 4 f'k{kd] 121 ls 200 ds chp ikap f'k{kd vksj 150 ls vf/kd cppksa dh la[;k gksus ij 1 iz/kkuk/;kid o ik p (5) f'k{kd rfkk nks lks (200) ls vf/kd cppksa ij Nk=&f'k{kd vuqikr ds vuqlkj f'k{kd miyc/k djok;s tk,xsaa blh izdkj d{kk 6 ls 8 oha rd de ls de,d f'k{kd,slk gksxk tks fokku vksj xf.kr] lkekftd v/;;u Hkk"kk dk gksxka izr;sd 35 cppksa ds fy, U;wure,d f'k{kd vfuok;z gs rfkk 100 ls vf/kd cppksa ds gksus ij,d iw.kzdkfyd iz/kkuk/;kid vksj dyk f'k{kk] LokLF; vksj 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk] dk;z f'k{kk ds fy, va'kdkfyd f'k{kd gksaxsa f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e 2009 esa fo ky; Hkou ds fy, izko/kku fd;k x;k gs ftlesa izr;sd f'k{kd ds fy, U;wure,d d{kk vksj,d dk;kzy; lg&hkamkj&lg&iz/kkuk/;kid d{k] ym+dksa o ym+fd;ksa 102 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

107 ds fy, i`fkd 'kkspky; O;oLFkk] lqjf{kr,oa is;ty lqfo/kk] [ksy dk esnku] jlksbz tgk nksigj dk [kkuk fo ky;ksa esa cuk;k tkrk gs rfkk fo ky; Hkou dh lqj{kk gsrq pkj nhokjh gksuh pkfg,a bl vf/kfu;e esa,d 'ksf{kd o"kz esa dk;z fnolksa o f'k{k.k?kavksa dh U;wure lhek fu/kkzfjr dh xbz gsa ftlesa d{kk 1 ls 5 rd ds fy;s 200 dk;z fnol,oa 800?kaVs izfr 'ks{kf.kd o"kz] d{kk 6 ls 8 rd ds fy;s 220 dk;z fnol,oa 1000?kaVs izfr 'ks{kf.kd o"kz fu/kkzfjr fd;s x;s gsa bl vf/kfu;e ds rgr~ fo ky;ksa esa dk;zjr f'k{kdksa ds fy, izfr lirkg dk;z?kavksa dh U;wure lhek j[kh x;h gs tks 45 f'k{k.k?kavs gs ftlesa v/;kiu ds fy;s rs;kjh?kavksa dks Hkh lfeefyr fd;k x;k gsa cppksa dks csgrj f'k{kk miyc/k djkus,oa vk/kqfud izks ksfxdh ;qx esa vko';d midj.k izr;sd d{kk ds fy, vis{kkuqlkj miyc/k djokus dk izko/kku gsa vkt ns'k ds vf/kla[; fo ky;ksa esa cppksa dks [ksyus ds fy, u rks i;kzir la[;k esa [ksy ds esnku miyc/k gs] u [ksydwn vko';d lkexzh vksj u gh izf'kf{kr [ksydwn f'k{kd miyc/k gsa bu lc ckrksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, izr;sd fo ky; ds fy, ØhMkLFky] lkexzh,oa f'k{kd miyc/k djokuk f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e esa 'kkfey gsa ;g lc cppksa ds LokLF; o cksf¼d fodkl ds fy, vko';d gsa tc gekjs ns'k esa [ksyksa dh ckr dh tkrh gs rks fødsv ds vykok 'kk;n gh dksbz,slk [ksy gs ftlds ckjs esa vketu tkurk gksa bl flfkfr ls futkr ikus ds fy,,d gh rjhdk lw>rk gs fd cppksa dks [ksyksa ds izfr tkx:d cuk;k tk, vksj vko';d vk/kkjhkwr lqfo/kk, miyc/k djok;h tk, A izr;sd fo ky; esa iqlrdky; dk izko/kku gs ftlesa lekpkj i=] if=dk, vksj lhkh fo"k;ksa ij iqlrdksa dh miyc/krk vfuok;z gsa bl vf/kkfu;e esa jk"vªh; lykgdkj ifj"kn,oa jkt; lykgdkj ifj"kn~ ds xbu dk izko/kku fd;k x;k gsa bl ifj"kn~ esa vf/kfu;e ds izhkkoh fø;kuo;u gsrq lq>ko nsus ds fy, ljdkj 15 lnl;h; jkt; lykgdkj ifj"kn~ dk xbu djsxha bl ifj"kn~ dh csbd fu;fer :i ls,sls fdlh le; gksxh] ftls v/;{k mfpr le>s ijurq ifj"kn~ dks vfure csbd vksj vkxkeh csbd esa rhu ekg ls T;knk dk varjky ugha gksuk pkfg,a ifj"kn~ dh csbd esa v/;{k ihbklhu gksxka ;fn fdlh dkj.ko'k v/;{k csbd esa miflfkr gksus esa vlefkz gs],slh flfkfr esa fdlh lnl; dks csbd ds ihbklhu gsrq ukfer dj ldrk gsa ifj"kn~ dh csbd x.kiwfrz U;wure 50 izfr'kr lnl;ksa ds miflfkfr gksus ij iw.kz ekuk tk,xka ckydksa ds vf/kdkjksa dk laj{k.k djus ifjosnukvksa ds fy, jk"vªh; ckyd vf/kdkj laj{k.k vk;ksx rfkk jkt; ckyd vf/kdkj laj{k.k vk;ksx dks mùkjnk;h cuk;k x;k gsa f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e esa izkjfehkd f'k{kk ds ikb~;øe fu/kkzj.k mldks iw.kz djus,oa ewy;kadu izfø;k dk Hkh izko/kku fd;k x;k gsa f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa dks la{ksi esa fueu fcunqvksa ds vk/kkj ij Li"V fd;k tk ldrk gsa Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø cppksa dks?kj ls 1 fdyksehvj ds nk;js esa Ldwy eqgs;k djokuka f'k{kk egdesa ds yksx?kj&?kj tkdj Ldwy ls NwVs ;k NksM+ pqds cppksa dh ryk'k djuka vfhkhkkodksa dh fteesnkjh gksxh fd os cppksa dks Ldwy HkstsA l= 'kq: gksus ds N% eghus ds ckn rd cppksa dks,mfe'ku fn;k tk,xka jkt; ljdkjsa 6 o"kz ls NksVs cppksa ds fy, izh&ldwfyax dh O;oLFkk Hkh djsxha futh Ldwyksa esa dsfivs'ku Qhl vksj cppksa ds LØhfuax VsLV ij jksda fodykax] eancqf¼ cppksa ds fy, fo'ks"k f'k{kd vfkok f'k{kd LVkWQ dh O;oLFkk djuka f'k{kdksa ds fy, U;wure 'ksf{kd ;ksx;rk dk ikyu djuk t:jha flqz izf'kf{kr f'k{kd i<+kus dk dk;z djsaxsa vçf'kf{kr f'k{kdksa dk izf'k{k.k gksuka f'k{kdksa dks xsj 'ks{kf.kd dk;ksza ls eqdr djuka emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

108 f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e (jkbv Vw,twds'ku,DV vkj-vh-bz-) izkfkfed] ek/;fed,oa mpprj ek/;fed f'k{kk rfkk cppksa rd f'k{kk igqapkus ds fy,,d egroiw.kz dne gsa bl vf/kfu;e dk lokzf/kd ykhk Jfedksa ds cppksa] cky etnwjksa] izoklh cppksa] fo'ks"k vo';drk okys cppksa ;k fqj,sls cppksa dks tks lkekftd] lkalïfrd] vkffkzd] HkkSxksfyd] Hkk"kkbZ vfkok fyax dkjdksa dh otg ls oafpr cppksa esa 'kkfey gs dks feysxka bl vf/kfu;e ds dk;kzuo;u ds lkfk ;g meehn Hkh dh xbz fd blls fo ky; NksM+us rfkk u tkus okys cppksa dks vpnh xq.koùkk okyh f'k{kk izf'kf{kr f'k{kdksa ds ek/;e ls gh nh tk ldsxha f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e 2009 ds ikfjr gksus,oa 1 vizsy 2010 ls ns'k esa ykxw gksus ds i'pkr~ futh {ks= esa f'k{kk esa cm+s isekus ij izos'k gksus dh lahkkouk gs D;ksafd ns'k esa futh fo ky;ksa dh cgqrk;r gs vksj bl vf/kfu;e esa lhkh futh,oa vyila[;d fo ky;ksa esa oafpr oxz ds cppksa ds fy, 25 izfr'kr LFkku vkjf{kr j[kus dk izko/kku fd;k x;k gsa ;gk lcls cm+k iz'u gs fd D;k ;s futh,oa vyila[;d lalfkk, blds izfr ldkjkred gs \ vksj ;fn ugha gs rks igyh ckr rks bu cppksa dks izos'k feyuk gh nwj dh ckr gksxh vksj ;fn izos'k ns Hkh fn;k rks vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk&8 (leku O;ogkj,oa lqfo/kk, ) dh ikyuk lhkh Hkfo"; ds xrz esa gsa vkjvhbz f'k{k.k vksj lh[kus dh xq.koùkk ij dsfunzr gs ijurq bl vf/kfu;e esa xq.koùkk ij[kus ds ekin.mksa dh vuns[kh dh xbz gsa bl cksmz ijh{kkvksa dks lekir djus] cppksa dks vxyh d{kk esa ØeksUur djus dks vfuok;z cuk;k x;k gsa blls f'k{kdksa dh tokcnsfgrk ugha jgsxh D;ksafd ifj.kke 'kr&izfr'kr gh gksxka f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e dh eq[; fo'ks"krk, Ø Ø Hkkjr ds 6 ls 14 o"kz dh vk;q oxz ds chp vkus okys lhkh cppksa dks eq r o vfuok;z f'k{kka izkfkfed f'k{kk [kre gksus ls igys fdlh Hkh cpps dks jksdk ugha tk,xk] fudkyk ugha tk,xk ;k cksmz ijh{kk ikl djus dh t:jr ugha gksxha Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø,slk cppk ftldh mez 6 lky ls Åij gs tks fdlh Ldwy esa nkf[ky ugha gs vfkok gs rks viuh izkfkfed f'k{kk dks iwjk ugha dj ik;k gs rc mls mldh mez ds yk;d mfpr d{kk esa izos'k fn;k tk,xk] c'krsz fd lh/ks rksj ls nkf[kyk ysus okys cppksa ds led{k vkus ds fy, mls izlrkfor le; lhek ds Hkhrj fo'ks"k Vªsfuax nh tk,xh tks izlrkfor gksa izkfkfed f'k{kk gsrq nkf[kyk ysus okys cpps dks 14 lky dh mez ds ckn Hkh izkfkfed f'k{kk ds iwjk gksus rd eq r f'k{kk iznku dh tk,xha izkfkfed f'k{kk gsrq izos'k ds fy, cpps dh vk;q dk fu/kkzj.k mlds tue izek.k i= ;k,sls gh vu; dkxtkr ds vk/kkj ij fd;k tk,xk rks mls tkjh fd;k x;k gksa vk;q izek.k i= ugha gksus dh flfkfr esa fdlh Hkh cpps dks nkf[kyk ysus ls oafpr ugha fd;k tk ldrka izkfkfed f'k{kk iwjh djus okys Nk=@Nk=k dks,d izek.k i= fn;k tk,xka teew&d'ehj dks NksM+dj lewps ns'k esa ykxwa f'k{kk dh xq.koùkk esa vfuok;z lq/kkj rfkk vkffkzd :i ls detksj leqnk;ksa ds lhkh futh Ldwyksa ds d{kk esa nkf[kyk ysus ds fy, 25 izfr'kr vkj{k.ka Ldwy dk cqfu;knh <+k pk rhu o"kksza ds Hkhrj lq/kkjk tk,] vu;fkk mldh eku;rk jn~n dj nh tk,xha bl vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa dks vey esa ykus dh fteesnkjh dsunz o jkt; ljdkjksa nksuksa dh gs rfkk blds fy, gksus okyk /ku [kpz Hkh budh leorhz fteesnkjh jgsxha lhkh ds rgr Ldwy pkgs os ljdkjh gks] v¼z ljdkjh gks] ljdkjh lgk;rk izkir gks] xsj ljdkjh gks] dsunzh; fo ky; gks] uoksn; fo ky; gks] lsfud Ldwy gks] lhkh rjg ds Ldwy gks] bl dkuwu ds nk;js esa vk;saxsa lhkh Ldwyksa esa ewyhkwr lqfo/kk, gksuh vfuok;z gsa blesa Dykl :e] VkW;ysV] [ksy 104 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

109 Ø Ø Ø Ø dk esnku] ihus dk ikuh] nksigj dk Hkkstu] iqlrdky; vkfn 'kkfey gsa cppksa dks ikb~;&iqlrdsa] ;wfuqkez] isu&isafly vkfn eq r esa forfjr djuk rfkk xq.koùkk lesr izkjfehkd f'k{kk ds lhkh igyqvksa ij fuxjkuh ds fy, izkjfehkd f'k{kk {ks= gsrq jk"vªh; vk;ksx cuk;k tk,xka bl vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa dks dk;kzfuor djus ds fy, lecfu/kr ljdkj rfkk LFkkuh; iz'kklu dks ;fn vko';d gqvk rks fo ky; Hkh [kksyuk gksxka vf/kfu;e ds rgr ;fn fdlh {ks= esa fo ky; ugha gs rks ogk rhu o"kksz dh r; vof/k esa fo ky; dk fuekz.k djok;k tkuk vko';d gsa 6 ls 14 lky dh mez ds izr;sd cppsa dks eq r vksj vfuok;z f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj gsa lafo/kku ds 86 osa lafo/kku la'kks/ku }kjk f'k{kk ds vf/kdkj dks izhkkoh cuk;k x;k gsa foùkh; cks> dsunz ljdkj o jkt; ljdkj ds chp lk>k fd;k tk,xka vr% Li"V gs fd dsoy dkuwu cuk nsus ek= ls n'kk vksj fn'kk ugha cny tkrh blds fy, dkuwu dks ykxw djus esa vk jgh ck/kkvksa] dfbukb;ksa,oa lel;kvksa dk lek/kku djus o f'k{kk dh xq.koùkk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, 'ks{kf.kd 'ksyh dk iwjk [kkdk rs;kj dj ml fø;kfuor djus dh izfø;k ij xgu fpuru euu dh vko';drk gsa jkt; ljdkjksa dks dsoy /ku ij /;ku dsfunzr ugha djuk gs vfirq miyc/k /ku dk lgh fn'kk esa mi;ksx dj vf/kdre fuxzr nsuk gksxk rhkh vf/kfu;e dh ea'kk ds vuq:i fu%'kqyd,oa vfuok;z f'k{kk ds vf/kdkj ds y{; dks izkir fd;k ldsxka lanhkz xzufk lwph 1- pkvzj,dv vkwq fjiksvz vkwq ykwmz esdkyst feuv & fjiksvz vkwq oqm fmlisp& fjiksvz vkwq gavj deh'ku& fjiksvz vkwq bafm;u ;wfuoflzvht deh'ku & fjiksvz vkwq ;wfuoflzvht dk,tqds'ku deh'ku&1948&47 7- eqnkfy;j deh'ku fjiksvz&1953 f'k{kk ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj] ubz fnyyha 8-,tqds'ku gsm fu'kuy MsoyiesUV (fjiksvz vkwq fn,tqds'ku deh'ku 1964&66],u-lh-bZ-] vkj-vhubz fnyyh&1971) 9- f'k{kk fcuk cks> ds jk"vªh; lykgdkj lfefr dh fjiksvz 1993 ekuo tu/ku fodkl ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkja 10- f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj,dv 2009 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

110 jktiwr dkyhu lh;rk ij eqflye vkøe.kksa dk izhkko (lkroha 'krkcnh ls ckjgoha 'krkcnh rd) MkW- larks"k dqekj fjlpz Qsyks] fouksok Hkkos fo'ofo ky;] gtkjhckx (>kj[k.m) 'kks/k Lkkjka'k jktiwrdkyhu Hkkjr ij vusd ckj fonsf'k;ksa us vkøe.k fd,a izkjehk esa vjcksa us vkøe.k fd, fdurq os fo'ks"k lqyrk izkir u dj ldsa vjcksa ds vkøe.k lkroha rfkk vkboha 'krkfcn;ksa esa gq, FksA rri'pkr~ nloha ls ckjgoha 'krkcnh rd rqdksz us le; & le; ij Hkkjr ij vkøe.k fd,a rqdksz ds izkjafhkd vkøe.kksa dk mís'; rks ek= /ku & leifr dks ywvuk Fkk fdurq ckn esa mudk mís'; lkezkt;okfnrk esa cny x;ka rqdksz ds vkøe.kksa ls Hkkjr dks vr;f/kd gkfu gqbz D;ksafd mugksaus u dsoy ;gka dh /ku & leifr ij vf/kdkj fd;k oju~ fgunq jkt; ds LFkku ij rqdz & 'kklu dh LFkkiuk dha bl izdkj fgunw & jkt; dk Lora= vflrro gh lekir gks x;ka ladsrk{kj % iwoz e/; dkyhu lh;rk] vjc vkøe.k] f=ykspuiky] ppukek] gttkt] fijhfrxhua ezkv g"kz dh e`r;q ds ckn mùkj Hkkjrh; lh;rk ij eqflye vkøe.kksa dk izhkko im+us yxk FkkA ;g dky ljktuhfrd mrfkku] iru vksj va'kkfr dk ;qx FkkA bl ;qx ds vusd Hkkjrh; jktoa'k vius dks jktiwr dgrs FksA rqdksz ds fot; rd vf/kdka'k Hkkjr ij bugh jktiwrksa dk izhkqro jgk] vr% Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ds bl ;qx dks izk;% jktiwr ;qx ds uke ls tkurs gsa lozizfke lkroha 'krkcnh ds mùkjk/kz eas jktiwr 'kcn dk iz;ksx gqvka g"kz ds e`r;q ds ckn vksj Hkkjr ij eqlyekuksa dh fot; rd ds dky dks izk;% jktiwr dky ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gsa vjcksa us lkroha 'krkcnh ls gh Hkkjr ij vkøe.k djus izkjahk dj fn, Fks D;ksafd lkroha 'krkcnh esa gh vjc vpkud vr;ur 'kfdr'kkyh lsfud 'kfdr ds :Ik esa mhkjs FksA vjcksa dk vpkud 'kfdr'kkyh gks tkuk fo'o ds bfrgkl dh,d izeq[k?kvuk ekuha vjcksa us Hkkjr ds izfke vfhk;ku ds vurxzr eqecbz] HkM+kSp rfkk nsoy ds cunjxkgksa ij vf/kdkj djus dk iz;ru fd;k] fdurq mugsa fo'ks"k lqyrk izkir u gks ldha vjcksa dk ;g vfhk;ku 636 bz0 esa gqvk FkkA 643 bz0 esa vjcksa us flu/k ij vf/kdkj djus dk iz;ru fd;k fdurq os cqjh rjg ijklr gq,a vjcksa ds f}rh; vfhk;ku ds le; flu/k dk jktk nkfgj FkkA vjc tks,d ckj vlqy gks pqds Fks] flu/k ij vf/kdkj djus ds volj dh izrh{kk esa FksA 'kh/kz gh yxhkx 708 bz0 esa mugsa ;g volj izkir gks x;ka 708 bz0 esa Jhyadk ls,d tgkt bjkd tk jgk Fkk ftlesa dqn eqlyeku efgyk,a ;k=k dj jgh FkhA bl tgkt dks nsoy cunjxkg ds lehi dqn yqvsjksa us ywv fy;ka bjkd ds xouzj gttkt us nkfgj dks luns'k Hkstk fd og bu yqvsjksa dks nf.mr djsa] fdurq nkfgj us,slk djus ls budkj dj fn;ka rc gttkt us lsukifr mcsnqyykg ds usr`ro esa flu/k ij vkøe.k djus ds fy, lsuk Hksth fdurq nkfgj ls gq, ;q¼ esa mldh ijkt; gqbz vksj og ekjk x;ka rc,d vu; lsukifr cqnsy us leqnzh ekxz ls nsoy ij vkøe.k fd;k] fdurq bldks Hkh nkfgj ds iq= t;flag us ijklr fd;k rfkk mldh gr;k dj nha 106 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

111 bl izdkj eqgeen fcu & dkfle ds dq'ky usr`ro] iw.kz lsfud rs;kjh o dqn jktnzksfg;ksa dh lgk;rk izkir gksus ds dkj.k] vjc vius vfhk;ku esa iw.kzr% lqy jgsa MkW0 etwenkj us eqgeen fcu & dkfle dh iz'kalk djrs gq, fy[kk gs] ^^fullunsg eqgeekn fcu & dkfle,d egku~ lsukifr Fkk rfkk mldh egroiw.kz fot;ksa ds dkj.k eqlyekuksa us Hkkjrh; Hkwfe ij igyh ckj ikao 1 tek,a ^ppukek ds vuqlkj fcu & dkfle dks mldh mi;qzdr lelr fot;ksa ds i'pkr~ Hkh 715 bz0 esa e`r;qn.m ns fn;k x;ka bldk dkj.k ;g Fkk fd dkfle us nkfgj dh nks iqf=;ksa dks [kyhqk lqyseku dks HksaV fd;k] ftugksaus mlls ;g f'kdk;r dh fd eqgeen fcu & dkfle igys gh mudk dksek;z Hkax dj pqdk gsa blls Øq¼ gksdj [kyhqk us eqgeen fcu & dkfle dks e`r;qn.m fn;ka ^ppukek dk ;g o.kzu fo'okl djus ;ksx; ugha izrhr gksrka MCyw0 gsx Hkh ^ppukek* ds o.kzu dks izkekf.kd ugha ekursa lehkor% eqgeen fcu & dkfle dh e`r;q dk dkj.k mlds pkpk (,oa o lqj) gttkt,oa [kyhqk lqyseku dh ikjlifjd 'k=qrk FkhA tqusn dk vfhk;ku & nkfgj ds iq= t;flag us eqgeen fcu & dkfle dh e`r;q ds i'pkr~ iqu% czkgkz.kokn ij vf/kdkj dj fy;k FkkA vjc [kyhqk fg'kke ([kyhqk lqyseku dk mùkjkf/kdkjh) us tqusn dks flu/k dk xozuj fu;qdrk fd;ka tqusn us t;flag dks ijklr dk cunh cuk fy;k rfkk jktlfkku o xqtjkr ds dqn izns'kksa ij Hkh vf/kdkj dj fy;ka ykv ds pksyqd; 'kkld iqyds'kh jkt us vjcksa dks ijklr fd;k] ftldh iqf"v ukslkfj vfhkys[k ls gksrh gsa xqtzj & izrhgkj 'kkld ukxhkê f}rh; us Hkh vjcksa dks ijklr fd;k Fkk] ftldk myys[k Xokfy;j iz'kflr esa feyrk gsa buds vfrfjdr] yfyrkfnr; eqdrihm+k o ;'kksoekz us Hkh vjcksa dks ijklr fd;k FkkA 'kh?kz gh xqtzj & izrhgkj oa'k bruk 'kfdr'kkyh gks x;k fd vjc flu/k ds iwoz vfkok nf{k.k & iwoz dk dksbz Hkh izns'k vius vf/kdkj esa u j[k ldsa tqusn ds mùkjkf/kdkjh rehe ds nqczy gksus ds dkj.k vjcksa dh flfkfr vksj Hkh detksj gks xbza [kyhqk vy~ eulwj (754 bz0 & 775 bz0) ds le; esa,d ckj fqj vjcksa us Hkkjr esa vius lkezkt; dk folrkj djus dk iz;ru fd;k] fdurq os lqy u gks ldsa vjcksa dks ; fi izkjahk esa Hkkjr ij fd, x, vkøe.kksa esa lqyrk feyh Fkh fdurq Hkkjrh; jktkvksa dh 'kfdr ds le{k os viuh izkjafhkd fot;ksa dk ykhk u mbk ldsa vjcksa }kjk izkjahk fd, x, bl dk;z dks rqdksz us iwjk fd;ka izfke rqdz vkøe.k 932 bz0 esa vyirxhu uked,d rqdz usrk us fd;k Fkk vksj xtuh esa Lora= jkt; dh LFkkiuk dh FkhA vyirxhu dh e`r;q ds i'pkr~ dqn le; rd xtuh esa fijhfrxhu us 'kklu fd;ka blh ds 'kkludky (972 & 977 bz0) esa lozizfke Hkkjr ij vkøe.k fd;k x;ka izfke rqdz vkøe.k ds le; iatkc esa 'kkgh & oa'k dk 'kkld t;iky 'kklu dj jgk FkkA rqdksz ds c<+rs gq, izhkko,oa 'kfdr dks jksdus ds mís'; ls t;iky rqdksz ij vkøe.k djuk pkgrk Fkk fd mlh le; fijhfrxhu ds fojksf/k;ksa us mlls lgk;rk ekaxha bls mfpr volj ekudj t;iky us vius iq= ds usr`ro esa,d lsuk HksthA blh le; vykirxhu ds nkekn lqcqdrxhu us fgunq jktkvksa dh 'kfdr ij vadq'k yxkus o fijhfrxhu dks vinlfk djus ds mís'; ls lsuk rs;kj djds t;iky dh lsuk dk lkeuk fd;k rfkk mls ijklr dj fn;ka rri pkr~ og xtuh ds flagklu ij 977 bz0 esa vklhu gksus Hkh lqy jgka lqcqdrxhu ls la?k"kz & lqcqdrxhu ds 977 bz0 esa xtuh ds 'kkld cuus ds i'pkr~ mlds }kjk,d 'kfdr'kkyh jkt; dh LFkkiuk ds iz;ru gksrs ns[k] iatkc ds 'kkgh 'kkld t;iky us igys gh bl fodflr gksrh gqbz 'kfdr dks dqpyus dk iz;ru fd;ka t;iky us 986 & 987 bz0 esa fo'kky lsuk ds lkfk xtuh ij vkøe.k fd;k fdurq nqhkkzx;o'k Hkh"k.k >a>kor ds dkj.k tk;iky us vius jkt; okil yksv tkus ds i'pkr~ lfu/k dh 'krksz dks ekuus ls budkj dj fn;ka vr% lqcqdrxhu us t;iky ij vkøe.k dj yexku ij vf/kdkj dj fy;k vksj mls ywvka lqcqdrxhu dh e`r;q 997 bz0 esa gqbza lqcqdrxhu us viuk mùkjkf/kdkjh vius iq= blekby dks?kksf"kr fd;k FkkA fdurq mlds,d vu; iq= egewn us blekby dks ijklr dj jkt flagklu ij vf/kdkj dj emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

112 fy;ka egewn dk tue 01 uoecj] 971 bz0 dks gqvk Fkk rfkk og 998 bz0 esa jktxíh ij vklhu gqvka egewn dks ;kehu & mn~ & nksyk rfkk ;ehu & my & myykg dh mikf/k;ka nh xbz Fkh] vr% mlds oa'k ds ;ehuh oa'k dgk x;ka egewn,d vr;ur dq'ky lsukifr,oa ;ks¼k FkkA mlesa euq"; dks igpkuus dh vr;f/kd {kerk FkhA egewn us Hkkjr ij izfke vkøe.k 1000 bz0 esa fd;k rfkk is'kkoj (vk/kqfud ikfdlrku esa) ds dqn Hkkxksa ij vf/kdkj djds og vius ns'k yksv x;ka vkuuniky ij egewn dk vkøe.k (1005 bz0) % iatkc ds 'kkgh 'kkld t;iky }kjk vfxu esa tydj ej tkus ds i'pkr~ mldk iq= vkuuniky 'kkld cuka egewn us vkuuniky ij Hkh vkøe.k djus dk fu'p; fd;k rfkk Hkkfr;kg ds fdys ij vkøe.k dj fn;k rfkk fot;jkt dks ijklr fd;ka rri pkr~ egewn us vkuuniky ij vkøe.k fd;k o mlds jkt; dks ywvka 1008 bz0 esa egewn us iqu% vkuuniky ij vkøe.k fd;ka egewn dk lkeuk djus ds fy, bl ckj vusd Hkkjrh; jktkvksa us vkuuniky ds lkfk,d la?k cuk;ka bu jktkvksa esa mttsu] Xokfy;j] dfyax] dukst] fnyyh rfkk vtesj ds jktkvksa ds uke izeq[k gsaa eqyrku ds 'kkld nkmn o [kks[kj us Hkh vkuuniky dk lkfk fn;ka nqhkkzx; ls?keklku ;q¼ ds i'pkr~ bl ckj Hkh Hkkjrh;ksa dh ijkt; gqbza vkuuniky dh e`r;q 1012 bz0 esa gqbza mlds Ik'pkr~ 'kkgh oa'k esa f=ykspuiky 'kkld cuka f=ykspuiky ij egewn us vusd vkøe.k fd,a 1013 & 14 bz0 esa egewn us uunu dk nqxz thrdj f=ykspuiky dks dk ehj Hkkxus ij foo'k fd;ka 1018 & 19 bz0 esa f=ykspuiky us punsyksa dh lgk;rk ls egewn dk lkeuk fd;k fdurq mls lqyrk izkir u gks ldha f=ykspuiky dk mùkjkf/kdkjh Hkhe Fkk tks 1021 bz0 esa 'kkld cuk FkkA mlus Hkh fujurj egewn dk fojks/k fd;k fdurq 1026 bz0 esa mldh e`r;q gks tkus ls 'kkgh oa'k lekir gks x;ka 1018 bz0 esa egewn us igys cqyun'kgj ij vf/kdkj fd;k rfkk fqj efkqjk ij vkøe.k fd;ka egewn efkqjk ds efunjksa dh HkO;rk dks ns[kdj pfdr gks x;ka efkqjk ij vf/kdkj djus ds Ik'pkr~ egewn us efunjksa dks rqm+ok;k vksj ywv ds :Ik esa vikj leifr ij vf/kdkj fd;ka efkqjk ij vkøe.k ds Ik'pkr~ egewn us dukst ij vkøe.k fd;k] fdurq ogka dk izfrgkjoa'kh; 'kkld jkt;iky Hk;Hkhr gksdj fcuk ;q¼ ym+s Hkkx x;ka egewn us duukst dks ywvk og duukst ds fuokfl;ksa dks eksr ds?kkv mrkjka duukst dh fot; ds Ik'pkr~ egewn xtuh yksv x;k FkkA ogka mls Kkr gqvk fd punsy 'kkld fo k/kj us duukst ds 'kkld jkt;iky dh bl dkj.k gr;k dj nh gs fd og egewn ls Hk;Hkhr gksdj Hkkx x;k FkkA vr% Øksf/kr gksdj egewn us fo k/kj ij 1019 bz0 esa vkøe.k fd;ka egewn dk Hkkjr ij lcls izeq[k vkøe.k lkseukfk ij gqvka lkseukfk ds 'kso & efunj esa vrqy leifùk Fkh ftls egewn izkir djuk pkgrk FkkA egewn us mls bl mís'; dh iwfrz gsrw 1025 bz0 esa vfugyokm+ ij vkøe.k fd;ka xqtjkr dk pksyqd; 'kkld Hkhe jkt/kkuh NksM+dj ;q¼ dh rs;kjh djus gsrw vu; LFkku ij pyk x;k egewn vfugyokm+ ds Ik'pkr~ lkseukfk igqap x;ka mlus lkseukfk dh ewfrz rksm+ Mkyh rfkk vikj /ku & leifr dks ywv fy;ka egewn ftl le; lkseukfk ls ywvh gqbz leifr ds lkfk yksv jgk Fkk rc mls tkvksa us cgqr ijs'kku fd;k FkkA vr% muls izfr'kks/k ysus ds mís'; ls 1027 bz0 esa mlus flu/kq unh o eqyrku ds lehi ds tkvksa dks ijklr fd;ka eqgen xksjh] xksj dk jgus okyk FkkA xksj dk igkm+h ftyk xtuh rfkk fgjkr ds e/; flfkr gsa 1173 bz0 esa xksj ds lqyrku fx;klqìhu us vius vuqt 'kkgcqìhu eqgeen dks xtuh dk lwcsnkj fu;qdr fd;ka ; fi xtuh esa og Lora= :Ik ls 'kklu djrk Fkk fdurq og vius HkkbZ ds izfr Hkh iw.kz oqknkj jgka 1175 bz0 esa eqgeen xksjh us eqyrku ij vkøe.k fd;ka eqyrku ij ml le; djekffkz;u leiznk; ds eqlyeku 'kkld dk vf/kdkj FkkA xksjh us 'kh?kz gh eqyrku ij vf/kdkj dj fy;ka 1176 bz0 esa xksjh ds dpn ij Hkh vf/kdkj dj fy;ka eqgeen xksjh us 1178 bz0 esa xqtjkr ij vkøe.k fd;k fdurq 108 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

113 ewyjkt f}rh; us mls ijklr fd;ka eqgeen xksjh ds ljfgun ij vf/kdkj dj ysus ij pksgku & oa'kh; 'kkld i`fohjkt r`rh; l'kafdr gks mbka vr% xksjh dk lkeuk djus ds mís'; ls vr;ur 'kfdr'kkyh lsuk ds lkfk i`fohjkt us dwp fd;k rfkk 'kh?kz gh Fkkus'oj ds lehi rjkbu ds esnku esa nksuksa i{kksa esa ;q¼ izkjehk gks x;ka bl ;q¼ esa eqgeen xksjh xehkhj :Ik ls?kk;y gqvk o vius dqn oqknkj lsfudksa dh lgk;rk ls Hkkxus esa lqy gqvka xksjh ds Hkkxrs gh eqlyeku lsuk ;q¼ NksM+dj Hkkx fudyha 1192 bz0 esa eqgeen xksjh us iqu% iw.kz rs;kjh ds lkfk i`fohjkt ij vkøe.k fd;ka bl ckj eqgeen xksjh us Ny & div dh uhfr dk ikyu dj /kks[ks ls i`fohjkt dh fojke djrh gqbz lsuk ij vkøe.k fd;k,oa i`fohjkt dks ijklr fd;ka i`fohjkt dks cunh cuk;k x;k rfkk ckn esa mldh gr;k dj nh xbza ;g ;q¼ rjkbu ds esnku esa gh gqvk FkkA xksjh us vtesj rfkk fnyyh ij vf/kdkj dj fy;ka i`fohjkt dks ijklr djus ds mijkur eqgeen xksjh us duukst ij vf/kdkj djus dk iz;ru fd;ka duukst esa ml le; xgm+oky & oa'k dk vr;ur 'kfdr'kkyh 'kkld t;punz 'kklu dj jgk FkkA 1194 bz0 esa eqgeen xksjh us t;punz ij vkøe.k fd;k rfkk nksuksa i{kksa ds e/; punkoj (vk/kqfud fqjkstkckn ds lehi) ds esnku esa?keklku ;q¼ gqvka xksjh dh ijkt; gksus okyh Fkh fd t;punz dks vpkud dqrqcqíhu dk,d rhj yxk] ftlls mldh e`r;q gks xbza t;punz ds ejrs gh fgunw& lsuk ;q¼{ks= ls Hkkx [km+h gqbza eqgeen xksjh us efunjksa ds LFkku ij efltnksa dk fuekz.k djk;k o vikj /ku & leifr ywvha 1195 bz0 esa dqrqcqíhu us vtesj ds esgj dchys ij vkøe.k fd;k] fdurq pksyqd;ksa dh lgk;rk ls esgjksa us mls ijklr fd;ka dqrqcqíhu us xtuh ls fo'kky lsuk izkir dj 1197 bz0 esa xqtjkr ij vkøe.k fd;k rfkk pksyqd; jktk Hkhe f}rh; dh jkt/kkuh vfugyokm+ ij vf/kdkj dj fy;ka fu"d"kz % eqgeen xksjh] egewn xtuoh ds leku dsoy ywvikv ugha oju~ vius lkezkt; dh Hkkjr esa LFkkiuk djuk pkgrk Fkk] ftlesa mls i;kzir lqyrk Hkh izkir gqbza eqgeen xksjh dh 1206 bz0 esa mlds fdlh 'k=q ds }kjk gr;k dj nh xbza eqgen xksjh ds dksbz iq= u Fkk] vrk% mlds Ik'pkr~ mlds }kjk foftr Hkkjrh; izns'kksa dk 'kkld dqrqcqíhu cuk tks igys eqgen xksjh dk nkl FkkA bl izdkj jktiqr dky esa Hkkjr ij fons'kh vkøe.kksa dk flyflyk tkjh jgk D;ksafd bldk eq[; dkj.k vkilh,drk dk [k.mu gksuk,oa,d & nwljs ds izfr }s"khkko,oa tkfr izfkk] NqvkNwr jgka blh dk ykhk fons'kh vkøe.kksa dks feyk,oa ;gk ij bu fonsf'k;ksa dk lkezkt; LFkkfir gqvka lanhkz xzafk lwph 1- vyc:uh d`r bfum;k Hkkx & 2] i`- & egktu] fo k/kj] e/;dkyhu Hkkjr] i`- & JhokLro] ds- lh-] izkphu Hkkjr dk bfrgkl rfkk lald`fr] ;qukbvsm cqd fmiks] bykgkckn] 2002] i`- & 749 & feùky] MkW-,s- ds-] e/;dkyhu Hkkjr] lkfgr; Hkou ifcyds'ku] vkxjk] 1960] i`- & 586 & ok.khkê dk g"kzpfjr 6- dyg.k dk jktrjafx.kh],u-,e-,-] yanu] 1900 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

114 dfkk f'kyih ;'kiky dh ospkfjd i`"bhkwfe MkW- iadt cksgjk O;k[;krk] egky{eh xylz dkwyst] tks/kiqj 'kks/k Lkkjka'k lkfgr;dkj vius ;qx dk çgjh gksrk gsa mldh jpukvksa esa ns'kdky lgt :i esa çfrfcecr gksrk gsa lkfgr;dkj ds l`tu esa lkekftdrk dh vge~ Hkwfedk gksrh gsa lkekftd ;FkkFkZokn ds çcy i{k/kj ;'kiky ekdlzoknh psruk ds iks"kd dfkkdkj gsaa ;'kiky Lokra«;iwoZ,oa Lok/khuksÙkj Hkkjr dh jktusfrd psruk dh vfhko;fdr ds l'kdr Loj mn~?kks"kd gsaa mudh thou ;k=k dks vuqhko tu; çkekf.kdrk mudh jpukvksa esa çfrqfyr gksrh gsa ;'kiky ds ifjokj esa egf"kz n;kuan ds fopkjksa dk çhkko FkkA dkykurj esa Hkxrflag] lq[knso vksj Hkxorhpj.k oekz ds lkfuu/; esa ;'kiky dh ospkfjdrk vr;f/kd iq"v gqbz gsa Økafrdkjh ny dh xfrfof/k;ksa ds nksjku gh ;'kiky dk ekdlzoknh fparu iyyfor gksus yxka ;'kiky ^foiyo* ds ek/;e ls turk dks iw thokn] lkearokn] lkaçnkf;drk vkfn ds [krjksa ds ckjs esa le>krsa ;'kikky us Hkkjrh; ukjh dh nnz'kk ds fo:¼ Hkh cgqr dke fd;ka ;'kiky dk thou n'kzu ;FkkFkZokn ekdlzokn ds fudv gs rks og Ýk;Mokn ls Hkh vnwrk ugha gsa ;'kiky ds miu;kl vius le; ds bfrgkl dks euq"; thou dh,sfrgkfld çfø;k esa [kkstrs gsaa rfkk bfrgkl esa orzeku dh [kkst djrs gsaa ladsrk{kj % lkfgr;] l`tu] dfkkolrq] 'kks/kd] 'kksf"kr] ekdlzokn] vk;zlekt] fopkj/kkjka lkjktusfrd O;oLFkk dk lvhd egkhkk"; rfkk lkald`frd ifjn`'; dk ltho fprsjk dgk tkrk gsa fgr;dkj vius ;qx dk ltx] lrst o lksís'; izgjh gksrk gsa og lr;e~ dk 'kks/kd] f'koe~ dk mikld rfkk lqanje~ dk lk/kd gksrk gsa blhfy, lkfgr; dks lkekftd psruk dk izfrfcec] miu;kl lezkv eqa'kh izsepan dh eku;rk gs fd lkfgr;dkj lekt dk gh vfhkuuk vax gksrk gs vksj ns'kdky dh?kvukvksa ls og vizhkkfor ugha jg ldrka mldh jpukvksa esa ns'kdky lgt :Ik esa izfrfcfecr gksrk gsa os dgrs gs&^^lkfgr;dkj cgq/kk vius ns'kdky ls izhkkfor gksrk gsa tc dksbz ygj ns'k esa mbrh gs rks lkfgr;dkj ds fy, mlls vfopfyr jguk vlahko gks tkrk gs vksj mldh fo'kky vkrek vius ns'k ca/kqvksa ds d"vksa ls fody gks mbrh gs vksj rhoz fodyrk ls og jks 1 mbrk gs ij mlds :nu esa Hkh O;kidrk gksrh gsa** lkfgr;dkj ds l`tu esa lkekftdrk dh vge~ Hkwfedk gksrh gsa og lekt ls rvlfk] i`fkd ;k mnklhu ugha jg ldrka mldh lkekftd leizfdr ftruh xgjh gksxh] l`tu Hkh mruk gh dkyt;h gksxka vkt Hkh ge okyehfd] dkfynkl] rqylh] lwj] dchj] izsepan] fujkyk vksj ;'kiky dk Lej.k djrs gsaa ;s lhkh dkyt;h lkfgfr;d glrk{kj gsaa MkWvjfoanj dksj us lr; gh fy[kk gs fd&^^lkfgr; thou ds rf;ksa vksj vuqhkoksa dh vfhko;fdr gksrk gsa thou esa gksus okys 2 ifjorzuksa dk izhkko lkfgr; ij im+rk gsa bl izdkj lkfgr; vksj euq";,d nwljs ls?kfu"b :Ik ls lecfu/kr gsa^^ 110 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

115 fgunh miu;kl ys[kd dh ;k=k dkyifud dfkkolrq ds mùkax f'k[kjksa ls izkjehk gksdj fryle ds xw<+ ifk ij lapfjr gksrh gqbz tklwlh ra= dh oføy fuf/kdkvksa ij vxzlj gksrh gqbz dhkh LFkwy mins'kkred pfj=k[;kuksa esa je.k vksj dhkh bfrgkl jl esa exu gksdj varrksxrok ;FkkFkkZokn ds O;kid /kjkry ij gqbza fgunh miu;kl us dyiuk vksj o.kzukred je.kh; m kuksa ls vkxs c<+dj ;FkkFkZ dh rirhkwfe ij thou ds la?k"kksza rfkk ;qx psruk ls lk{kkrdkj fd;ka fgunh miu;kl us ;gk vuqhko fd;k fd Hkkjr dh vkrek xk oksa esa fuokl djrh gs tgk thou dk gkgkdkj 'kksf"kr lekt dk d:.k Øaqnu] 'kks/kd oxz dk] Øwj vêgkl rfkk O;oLFkk dh vtxjh xqatfydk esa Fkjijkrk laldkj vius dks O;Dr djus ds fy, O;xz FkkA izsepanksùkj fgunh miu;kldkjksa dh ijeijk esa ;'kiky ;'kloh glrk{kj gsaa lkekftd ;FkkFkZokn ds izcy i{k/kj ;'kiky ekdlzoknh psruk ds iks"kd dfkkdkj gsaa ;g dgk tk ldrk gs fd ;fn izsepan th lu~ 1918 bzls 1936 bz- ds Hkkjrh; fdlkuksa dh nsu; volfkk ds egkhkk"; gs rks ;'kiky Lokra«;iwoZ,oa Lok/khuksÙkj Hkkjr dh jktusfrd psruk dh vfhko;fdr ds l'kdr Loj mn~?kks"kd gsaa fdlh Hkh lkfgr;dkj dh ospkfjd volfkk dk fuekz.k dksbz vkdk'k dqlqe dh dyiuk ugha gksrha mldh uhao cgqr xgjh gksrh gsa ftl lkfgr;dkj dh thou n`f"v ftruh xahkhjrk ls lekt lkis{k gksrh gs mldh dye&l`f"v Hkh mruh gh thour rfkk izhkko'kkyh gksrh gsa ;'kiky dh ospkfjd Hkwfe dh mozjrk esa Hkh cgqr egroiw.kz fparu jgk gsa mudh thou ;k=k dks vuqhko tu; izkekf.kdrk mudh jpukvksa esa izfrqfyr gksrh gsa Økafrdkjh ys[kd ;'kiky dk thou mrkj&p<+ko ds la?k"kz dh jksekapd ;k=k gsa ;'kiky ds ifjokj esa egf"kz n;kuan ds fopkjksa dk izhkko FkkA ifjokj dh vkffkzd flfkfr larkstud ugha FkhA,rnFkZ ckyd ;'kiky dks dhkh dk'khiqj (ftyk&usuhrky) esa fj'rsnkj ds ;gk Hkstk x;k vksj dhkh okfil ek us vius gh ikl cqyk dj xq:dqy dkaxm+h ds Ldwy esa gh izos'k fnyok;ka ckn esa ykgksj vksj fqjkstiqj esa f'k{kk gqbza o"kz 1921 bz- esa mugksaus esfvªd dh ijh{kk mùkh.kz dha bugha o"kkzsa esa mudh eukshkkouk rrdkyhu Hkkjrh; jktusfrd?kvuk pøksa dh vksj vxzlj gksus yxha jksysv,dv dh?kvuk ls os m}sfyr gks x;sa rrdkyhu vlg;ksx vkanksyu us mugsa bruk vf/kd izhkkfor fd;k fd i<+kbz NksM+ nha ^pksjh pksjk* dkam ds ckn xk /kh th us tc vkanksyu dks jksd nsus dh?kks"k.kk dh rks mugsa vpnk ugha yxka,d ckj fqj v/;;u ds fy, ykyk yktirjk; }kjk LFkkfir us'kuy dkwyst esa mugksaus izos'k fy;ka dkykurj esa Hkxrflag] lq[knso vksj Hkxorhpj.k oekz ds lkfuu/; esa ;'kiky dh ospkfjdrk vr;f/kd iq"v gqbza MkWdeyk izlkn mudh bl ospkfjd ;k=k ds lanhkz esa fy[krs gsa&^^;'kiky igkm+h Fks] Nkouh ds vk;z lekth okrkoj.k esa iys] xjhcksa dh vk [k ls nqfu;k dks ns[kuk 'kq: fd;ka mugksaus vius iz;ruksa ls ftanxh dks rs;kj fd;ka jgl;ewyd] vk/;kfred vksj vn`'; yksd dh ckrs muds ekul esa dhkh ugha isb ldha og fø;k vksj dez ls tqm+us yxsa n`'; esa ekstwnk vkanksyuksa ds ekgksy us muesa lfø;rk dh vikj lahkkouk,a isnk dj nha tgk muds tks'k dks jklrk u feyk] mugksaus vk;z lekt vksj xk /kh dh dkaxzsl dks NksM+ fn;ka us'kuy dkwyst esa feys muds lkffk;ksa us rdz] izse] bzekunkjh] ospkfjd iz[kjrk] lfø;rk vksj la?k"kz ds jklrs [kksy fn,a ;gh ;'kiky dh txg Fkh&ftlds fy, Økafrdkfj;ksa esa vdsys cps] blfy, xksyh dk jklrk NksM+ dye dks 3 viuk fy;ka** ;g lr; gs fd ;'kiky ds ekul esa ospkfjd laldkjksa ds fuekz.k esa izkfkfed Hkwfedk rks vk;z lekt dh gh FkhA os Lo;a fy[krs gs&^^dkaxm+s ls iatkc esa vk clus okys gekjs dqn lecu/kh ;fn vk;z lekt ds izhkko esaa u vk, gksrs vksj mudh d`ik ls esjh ek dks v{kj Kku ulhc u gks x;k gksrk rks esa lahko gs] dkaxm+s ds nwljs xjhc [k=h ukstokuksa dh rjg ihb ij xbjh esa nqdkusa ck /kas dqn dkjksckj djrk ;k ykgksj ve`rlj esa crzu 4 ekatus dh gh uksdjh djrka** vk;z lekt ls gh mugksaus jk"vª izse dh egùkk o fons'kh nklrk dh eqfdr dk ikb i<+ka ysfdu ;g Hkh lr; gs fd vk;z ikb'kkyk esa i<+rs gq, gh mugksaus tgk,d vksj lkezkt;okn o lkearokn ds fo:¼ le>k rks nwljh vksj vehjh xjhch ds Hksn dks Hkh xgjkbz ls vuqhko fd;ka pksjh pksjk dkam ds ckn xk /kh th dk n`f"vdks.k mugsa jkl ugha vk;ka lahkor% xk /kh th cksy'ksfote ds emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

116 izlkj dh vk'kadk ls izhkkfor Fks blfy, mugksaus 24 uoecj 1921 ds ^;ax bafm;k* esa dgk&^^lojkt; dk ;g jklrk ugha gsa fgunqlrku dks cksy'ksfote dh t:jr ughaa ;gk ds yksx brus 'kkafrfiz; gas fd os vjktdrk dks lgu ugha dj ldrsa** blhfy, rrdkyhu vlar"qv ;qok vkøks'k ds izrhd ljnkj Hkxrflag] lq[knso] Hkxorhpj.k oekz tsls ;qokvksa us ^uo toku Hkkjrh; lhkk* dk xbu fd;ka bl izdkj ;'kiky Økafr ds vfxuifk ij vxzlj gq,a lu 1936 bz- rd ;qok ns'khkdr Økafrdkfj;ksa dk l'kl= fonzksg lekir lk gks x;ka vc ;'kiky us iqu% dye dks xzg.k fd;ka uoecj 1934 bz- esa ^foiyo* dk igyk vad fudkyka mugksaus fy[kk&^^jktuhfr ls leidz NksM+ nsus dk eryc vius ns'k vksj lekt dh volfkk vksj Hkfo"; ls dksbz leidz u j[kuk gsa,slk osjkxh esa ugha gw A**-----eq>s tks 5 dqn Hkh djuk gs] lkfgr; ds lk/ku ls gh d: xka** Økafrdkjh ny dh xfrfof/k;ksa ds nksjku gh ;'kiky dk ekdlzoknh fparu iyyfor gksus yxka mu fnuksa ns'k ds ;qokvksa esa ekdlzokn ds izfr rhoz vkd"kz.k c<+ jgk FkkA 1940 bz- esa mugksaus,d iqlrd fy[kh&^ekdlzokn*a ;g og le; Fkk tc bl ns'k esa ukthokn Qklhokn] xk /khokn dh fopkj/kkjk ;qokvksa dks vkdf"kzr dj jgh FkhA ;'kiky us ^foiyo* ds ek/;e ls turk dks iw thokn] lkearokn] lkaiznkf;drk vkfn ds [krjksa ds ckjs esa le>krsa ;'kiky us Hkkjrh; ukjh dh nqnz'kk ds fo:¼ Hkh cgqr dke fd;ka ukjh eqfdr la?k"kz ;'kiky ds nknk dkejsm] ns'knzksgh] ikvhz dkejsm] >wbk lp] D;ksa Qals] esjh rsjh mldh ckr tslh d`fr;ksa esa Hkyh Hkkafr ns[kk tk ldrk gsa ;'kiky dk thou n'kzu ;FkkFkZoknh gsaa blfy, mudk ;FkkFkZokn ekdlzokn ds fudv gs rks og Ýk;Mokn ls Hkh vnwrk ugha gsa ;gh dkj.k gsa fd ;'kiky ds miu;klksa ds ukjh pfj= ek= dkeqd ugha gs cfyd os viuh Lok/khurk ds fy, la?k"kz Hkh djrh gsa ^^;'kiky dh utjksa esa L=h dh xqykeh lkearokn&iw thokn dh nsu gsa blh us iq:"k dks L=h ls Js"B ntkz rfkk vf/kdkj fn, gsa bugha vf/kdkjksa us ;ksu&usfrdrk dk,d i{h; vk/kkj cuk gsa blesa L=h dks vktknh ugha gs vksj iq:"k ds fy, fo'ks"k izfrca/k ugha gsa ;'kiky us iz;ru fd;k gs fd nksuksa dks bl 6 ekeys esa cjkcj vktknh feysa^^ ;'kiky ds miu;kl vius le; ds bfrgkl dks euq"; thou dh,sfrgkfld izfø;k esa [kkstrs gsa rfkk bfrgkl esa orzeku dh [kkst djrs gsaa ikvhz dkejsm] nknk dkejsm] ns'knzksgh] euq"; ds :i] >wbk lp] esjh rsjh mldh ckr vkfn d`fr;ksa esa Lok/khurk iwoz,oa Lokra«;ksÙkj Hkkjr dh ;FkkFkZ vfhko;fdr gqbz gsa,d ckj tsusunz th ls ;'kiky us dgk Fkk&^^miU;kl fy[kus esa esjk vfhkizk; ;g Li"V djuk gs fd euq"; lekt ijeijkxr fopkj/kkjkvksa dk nkl ugha gs cfyd og 7 viuh fopkj/kkjk dk l`"vk gsa** lunhkz xzafk lwph 1- lkfgr; dk mís'; (izsepan) Ik` Ekgknsoh oekz ds lkfgr; esa L=h Nfo (MkW- vjfounj dksj) Ik` ;'kiky (deyk izlkn) Ik` flagkoyksdu (;'kiky) Hkkx 1] Ik` ogh] Hkkx 3] Ik` ;'kiky (deyk izlkn) Ik` ns[kk] lkspk] le>k (;'kiky) Ik` emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

117 jktlfkku % lkeurokn ls yksdru= dh ;k=k esa efgyk MkW- fuf/k ;kno ofj"b O;k[;krk],l-ih-lh- jktdh; egkfo ky;] vtesj ifjf/k ;kno 'kks/kkfkhz] egf"kz n;kuun ljlorh fo'ofo ky;] vtesj 'kks/k Lkkjka'k jktlfkku dh fofhkuu fj;klrksa dk lkekftd <+kapk ijeijkxr lkeurh O;oLFkk ij vk/kkfjr FkkA'kkld,oa lkeur oxz ds i'pkr~ bu tkxhjnkjksa dk tkrh; Øe ds vuqlkj egroiw.kz LFkku Fkk ftugksaus lkeurh oxz ds vuqdwy lkekftd jhfr&fjokt rfkk lkekftd ewy;ksa dks viuk;ka mpp oxz ds vfrfjdr lkekftd lajpuk esa czkã.kksa dk LFkku lokzsijh Fkk buds i'pkr~ lkekftd lajpuk esa jktiwr Fks tks vr;f/kd ijeijkoknh Fks A iq= dh egrrk lkeuroknh lekt esa fo eku Fkh vksj iq=h dk tue 'kksdtud Fkk ^csvh tkbz tekjksa gkj;ks* rfkk ^ds tkxs csvh jks cki* jktlfkkuh lekt esa izpfyr yksdksfdr;ka FkhA LorU=rk izkfir ds i'pkr~ ns'k dk u;k lafo/kku cuk ftlesa efgykvksa dh flfkfr dks csgrj cukus ds fy, mudks os/kkfud :i ls lcy cukrs gq, fookg] mrrjkf/kdkj] ngst] leifrr esa vf/kdkj] mrihm+u vkfn eqn~nksa ij vusd vf/kfu;eksa dk fuekz.k fd;k x;ka lkeurokn ls yksdru= dh ;k=k esa efgyk lekt esa tkx:drk,oa fo'ks"k mrlkg dk okrkoj.k cuus yxk gsa LorU=rk ds 70 o"kz i'pkr~ izns'k esa efgykvksa dh m/ozxkeh Hkwfedk QyLo:i jktlfkku tsls?ku?kksj lkeurh O;oLFkk okys lekt esa okrkoj.k cny jgk Hkfo"; esa ldkjkred ifj.kke izkir gks blds fy, izns'k dh efgykvksa dk lkekftd,oa vkffkzd l'kfdrdj.k djds mugsa fodkl dh ewy /kkjk esa tksm+uk gh ije y{; gksuk pkfg,a ladsrk{kj % efgyk l'kfä dj.k] lkearokn] jktlfkkuh ifjos'k] yksdrkaf=d lekt] efgyk lghkkfxrk] fyaxkuqikr] efgyk lk{kjrk A jk tlfkku dh fofhkuu fj;klrksa dk lkekftd <+kapk 19oha 'krkcnh ds iwokz¼ esa ijeijkxr lkeurh O;oLFkk ij vk/kkfjr Fkk ftlesa dqykf/kifr }kjk dqy ds vu; lnl;ksa dks tkxhj iznku dj nh tkrh Fkh tkxhj izkir lkeur vius tkxhj {ks= esa jktk dh Hkkafr O;ogkj djrs FksA 'kkld,oa lkeur oxz ds i'pkr~ bu tkxhjnkjksa dk tkrh; Øe ds vuqlkj egroiw.kz LFkku Fkk ftugksaus lkeurh oxz ds vuqdwy lkekftd jhfr&fjokt rfkk lkekftd ewy;ksa dks viuk;k rfkk lkekftd izfr"bk ds fy, inkz izfkk] fo/kok fu"ks/k rfkk cgqfookg vkfn izfkkvksa dk 1 vuqdj.k izkjehk dj fn;ka mpp oxz ds vfrfjdr lkekftd lajpuk esa czkã.kksa dk LFkku lokzsijh Fkk ftugksaus v/;;u&v/;kiu ds lkfk&lkfk /kkfezd dezdk.m+ksa ij tksj fn;k czkã.kksa ds i'pkr~ lkekftd lajpuk esa jktiwr Fks tks vr;f/kd ijeijkoknh Fks bl oxz us jktlfkku esa du;ko/k] o/kqewy; (ngst),oa cky fookg tslh dqjhfr;ksa dks tue fn;ka jktlfkku ds ijeijkxr <+kaps esa d`f"k] i'kqikyu,oa Je O;olk;h tkfr;ksa dks fueu LFkku izkir FkkA jktdh; dezpkjh oxz esa NksVs lkeur] czkã.k] egktu,oa jktiwr gksrs FksA bl oxz dk iz;kl jgrk Fkk fd os lekt esa vius dks izfrf"br iznf'kzr dj lds bl oxz ds fy, os gh lkekftd ewy; egroiw.kz Fks tks lkeurh lekt dh fo'ks"krk Fks bl oxz dh efgyk,a Hkh 'kkldksa] lkeurksa,oa Bdqjkfu;ksa ds leidz ds ifj.kkelo:i fookg tue e`r;q ds laldkjksa] vkfn emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

118 2 jhfr&fjoktksa dk vuqlj.k djus yxha lkeurh O;oLFkk dh lkekftd lajpuk eas Je O;olk;h oxz dk dksbz LFkku ugh Fkk bl oxz dh efgykvksa dh flfkfr ekuoh; n`f"vdks.k dh vis{kk leifrrtu; jgh lkeurh O;oLFkk ds lkekftd ewy;ksa ds vurxzr bl oxz dks fu/kkzfjr izfrcu/kksa dk ikyu djuk gksrk FkkA dkykurj esa lekt esa ukjh dh flfkfr ifjorzu eqxy vkøkurkvksa ds vkxeu ds lkfk vk;ka iq= dh egrrk lkeuroknh lekt esa fo eku Fkh vksj iq=h dks ijk;k /ku le>k tkrk FkkA iq=h dk tue 'kksdtud Fkk ^csvh tkbz tekjksa gkj;ks* rfkk ^ds tkxs csvh jks cki* jktlfkkuh lekt esa izpfyr yksdksfdr;ka Fkh tks bl ckr dks izfr/ofur djrh Fkh fd iq=h dk tue [kq'kh dk ugh fujk'kk o nq%[k dk dkj.k ekuk tkrk gsa iq=h dh f'k{kk&nh{kk?kj ij gh ikfjokfjd okrkoj.k ds vuq:i FkhA f'k{kk dh leqfpr O;oLFkk ds vhkko esa vf/kdka'k ukfj;ka vf'kf{kr jgrh Fkh fdurq fqj Hkh x`gdk;kzsa,oa flykbz] d'khnkdkjh] ekam+us tsls dk;kzsa esa n{k gksrh FkhA fof/kor f'k{kk ds vhkko esa jktlfkku dh ukjh vlald`r ugh FkhZ e;kzfnr thou] lkekftd vkn'kkzsa,oa /kkfezd eku;rkvksa dk Kku vuksipkfjd] :i ls mls ifjokj esa gh izkir gks tkrk Fkk ftlls og vkxs pydj,d lqlald`r,oa dq'ky x`g.kh curh FkhA lekt esa efgykvksa ls lacaf/kr vu; dq:fr;ksa tsls inkzizfkk] cky fookg] ngst izfkk] lrh izfkk] os';ko`fr] vf'k{kk] cgqfookg dk izpyu c<+rk tk jgk FkkA,sfrgkfld 3 nlrkostksa ls Kkr gksrk gs fd vaxszth lkezkt;okn rfkk fj;klrksa dh tu fojks/kh uhfr;ksa ds dkj.k jktlfkku dh efgykvksa dh flfkfr fcxm+rh tk jgh Fkh blds vykok lekt esa cgqr lh dqjhfr;ka o lkekftd ijeijk,a iue jgh Fkh tks lekt esa ukjh ds vknj o eku&leeku dks de dj jgh FkhA,sls laøe.kdkyhu le; esa,d,sls f'kf{kr oxz dk mn; gqvk tks u flqz efgykvksa dh n`f"v ls vfirq ns'k vksj lekt dh n`f"v ls Hkh efgykvksa dk lcyhdj.k djuk vko';d le> jgk FkkA f'kf{kr e/;eoxz us Hkh viuh jpukvksa] ys[kksa vksj fopkjksa ds ek/;e ls izoklh O;kikjh oxz us vkffkzd lg;ksx nsdj lekt lq/kkjdksa dk eukscy c<+k;k ftlds ifj.kkelo:i 19oha lnh esa lrh izfkk] du;ko/k] du;k foø;] cky fookg] fo/kok iqufozokg rfkk efgyk f'k{kk tsls eqíksa ij jktlfkku ds lekt ds fy, czã lekt] vk;z lekt] ffk;kslksfqdy lkslk;vh] izkfkzuk lekt tslh lkekftd lalfkkvksa dk izhkko im+k vksj jktlfkku ds lekt esa,d ubz psruk dk tue gqvk ftlus /kez vksj lekt esa efgykvksa ls lacaf/kr lkekftd :qf<+;ksa dks lnk ds fy, lekir dj fn;ka lq/kkj vkunksyuksa ds HkkxhjFkh iz;klksa us efgykvksa ds lkoztfud thou esa izos'k ds jklrs [kksys] ikfjokfjd :f<+okfnrk ds ckotwn ckgj fudyus ds volj lq>k, rfkk efgyk lcyhdj.k dh fn'kk esa m/ozxkeh lksiku dh Hkwfedk fuhkkbza LorU=rk vkanksyu esa efgyk % jktlfkku esa LorU=rk laxzke ds tutkxj.k dh ygj pyh rks jktlfkkuh efgyk,a Hkh blls vnwrh ugh jgha os efgyk,a tks lkekftd cu/kuksa esa tdm+h gqbz Fkh vksj inzs esa dsn Fkh us viuh bl tdm+u dks mrkj fn;k vksj fczfv'k ljdkj ds fo:¼ gksus okys vkunksyu esa iq:"kksa ds lkfk du/ks ls du/kk feykdj jk"vªh; tutkxj.k esa viuh Hkwfedk ntz djokus?kj dh pkjnhokjh ls fudy im+ha jktlfkku esa LorU=rk vkunksyu ds vurxzr egkrek xka/kh ds vlg;ksx vkunksyu ls Lok/khurk izkfir rd lhkh vkunksyuksa esa ;gka dh efgykvksa us iq:"kksa ds leku 4 ;ksxnku fn;ka MkW- jksfeyk Fkkij dk ekuuk gs fd efgykvksa dh vfhko`fr esa ifjorzu ykus dh izeq[k izsj.kk Lok/khurk ds jk"vªh; vkunksyu }kjk izkir gqbz ftldk izorzu muuhloha 'krkcnh esa gqvk Fkk rfkk bldk lkekftd izhkko orzeku rd gekjs Åij gsa ; fi ns'k ds vu; jkt;ksa dh rjg jktlfkku esa jk"vªh; ;k jkt; Lrj dk izhkkoh efgyk usr`ro lkeus ugh vk;k fdurq LFkkuh; Lrj ij vusd efgykvksa us LorU=rk laxzke esa viuk ;ksxnku fn;ka buesa izeq[k :i ls nqxkz nsoh] ukjk;.kh nsoh] vatuk nsoh] uxsunz ckyk] tkudh nsoh ctkt vkfn efgykvksa us Lok/khurk laxzke esa tqyql] gm+rky] lhkk,a]?ksjko] ifkjko vkfn esa izr;{kr% Hkkx fy;ka Lok/khurk ds vkunksyu esa jktlfkku esa fctksfy;k fdlku vkunksyu o tehankjh izfkk ds fo:¼ xzkeh.k 5 efgykvksa us vne; lkgl dk ifjp; fn;ka tu 114 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

119 vkunksyu esa Hkkxhnkjh djus okyh efgykvksa us ijeijkxr :i ls izpfyr inkz izfkk dk R;kx fd;k rfkk Lons'kh ds izlkj] cfg"dkj] /kjuk vksj lr;kxzg vkunksyuksa esa egroiw.kz Hkwfedk dk fuokzg fd;ka jktlfkku esa gksus okys tu vkunksyuksa esa ; fi efgykvksa dk ;ksxnku lkadsfrd Fk fdurq jktlfkku ds ladh.kz lekt esa lkeku; oxz dh fl=;ka lkekftd cu/kuksa dks rksm+dj jktuhfrd vkunksyuksa esa lghkkxh cuus yxha tu vkunksyuksa esa jktlfkku dh efgykvksa dh lghkkfxrk lkeurh O;oLFkk ds vr;kpkjksa dh ijkdk"bk dks rksm+us esa lgk;d cuha 1949 esa jktlfkku ds jkt;ksa dk Hkkjr esa foy; gksus ij Hkh izns'k ds efgyk lekt dh lel;k,a,oa pquksfr;ka 'ks"k Hkkjr ls vyx izdkj dh jgha efgyk lekt ds lkeus lkekftd lekurk] vkffkzd Lok;Rrk rfkk jktuhfrd vf/kdkjksa ds lunhkz esa ubz pquksfr;ka lkeus vk;ha ;g dgk tk ldrk gs fd jk"vªh; LorU=rk laxzke esa jktlfkku ds efgyk lekt dh Hkkxhnkjh lkadsfrd gksrs gq, Hkh izhkkoiw.kz FkhA lkeurh ifjos'k rfkk fir`iz/kku O;oLFkk okys lekt esa ftl efgyk lekt dh flfkfr nks;e ntzs dh gks] mldk viuk vflrro 'kwu; gks rfkk tks vkffkzd vksj 'ks{kf.kd n`f"v ls finm+h gqbz gks] bldk?kj dh pkj nhokjh ls ckgj lkoztfud xfrfof/k;ksa esa lfø; gksuk,d ;qxkurdkjh?kvuk ekuk tk ldrk gsa yksdrkfu=d lekt esa efgyk % Hkkjr esa Lok/khurk vkunksyu ds lkfk&lkfk efgykvksa dks leku :i ls 'ks{kf.kd] vkffkzd] lkekftd,oa jktuhfrd volj miyc/k djkus ds fy, vkokt cqyun gksrh jgha LorU=rk izkfir ds i'pkr~ ns'k dk u;k lafo/kku cuk ftlesa efgykvksa dh flfkfr dks csgrj cukus ds fy, mudks os/kkfud :i ls lcy cukrs gq, fookg] mrrjkf/kdkj] ngst] leifrr esa vf/kdkj] mrihm+u vkfn eqn~nksa ij vusd vf/kfu;eksa dk fuekz.k fd;k x;ka ftlds ifj.kkelo:i izns'k dh efgykvksa dh flfkfr esa ^ifjorzu dh vkdka{kkvksa* dk tue gqvk fdurq bu os/kkfud iz;klksa ls efgykvksa dh flfkfr esa ifjorzu dh xfr /kheh jgha efgyk eqn~nksa ds izfr laosnughurk rfkk i;kzir bpnk 'kfdr ds vhkko esa izns'k ds lekt esa iq:"k iz/kku Lo:i rfkk efgykvksa ds izfr HksnHkko dk utfj;k cuk jgk ftlls efgyk mrfkku laca/kh dkuwuksa dh izhkko'khyrk dh xfr eun jgha jktlfku esa efgyk,a,d yecs le; ls lkekftd n`f"v ls oafpr oxz dh Js.kh esa jgh gsaa xgjh tm+s tekbz gqbz lkekftd dq:fr;ksa] fu;a=.k] lhekvksa ls ;qdr fir`lrrkred O;oLFkk esa efgyk dks nks;e ntzs dk ukxfjd le>k tkrk jgka L=h;ksfpr xq.kksa ds dkj.k mls detksj] dksey,oa vlqjf{kr ekurs gq,?kj] ifjokj vksj lekt esa mlds lkfk HksnHkko o fgalk dks c<+kok fn;k x;ka LorU=rk izkfir ds i'pkr~ Hkh jktlfkku esa ^lrrk o izhkqro* ds vgadkj esa iq:"k iz/kku lekt esa mls rkm+uk o izrkm+uk dk f'kdkj cukrs gq, mls mi;ksx dh olrq ls vf/kd ugh ekuk x;ka efgyk,a lekt dk egroiw.kz vax gs ifjokj lald`fr o thou ewy; bl ckr ij fuhkzj gksrs gs fd lekt esa efgykvksa dks fdruk leeku feyrk gsa oklrfodrk ;g gs fd izns'k esa lfn;ksa ls pyh vk jgh lkekftd O;oLFkk ds ncko esa vf/kdka'k efgyk,a vhkh Hkh v/khulfk flfkfr esa gs vksj vius laos/kkfud vf/kdkjksa dks izkir djus esa la?k"kzjr gsa fo'o ifjçs{; esa jktlfkku dks efgykvksa ds fueu thou Lrj] iq:"k iz/ku lekt] lkeurh izfkkvksa,oa ewy;ksa] vf'k{kk,oa vr;f/kd nfjnzrk ds i;kz; ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gsa jktlfkku es efgyk tulkaf[;dh; Lrj % uoecj] 1950 dks jktlfkku,d jkt; ds :i esa vius vflrro esa vk;k lu~ 1951 esa jktlfkku tula[;k dh n`f"v ls ns'k esa nlosa LFkku ij Fkk ogha 2001&2011 ds n'kd eas jktlfkku dh tula[;k esa Qhlnh o`f¼ ntz gqbz ^tks fd leiw.kz ns'k dh n'kdh; o`f¼ nj 17-7 izfr'kr ls 3-61 izfr'kr 6 vf/kd gsa bl vfu;fu=r tula[;k o`f¼ ds dkj.k miyc/k lalk/kuksa dk leku forj.k ugh gks ik jgk gsa blfy, jktlfkku esa ekuo fodkl lwpdkad fueu gsa* izns'k lekt esa iq:"kksa ds vuqikr esa efgykvksa dh la[;k finys n'kdksa esa yxkrkj de gks jgh gsa 0&6 vk;q oxz esa fyaxkuqikr (izr;sd 1000 ym+dks ij) 2011 esa leiw.kz jktlfkku es a888 jg x;k gs tks fd 7 finyh tux.kuk 2001 esa 909 FkkA bl fxjkov dk izeq[k dkj.k du;k Hkwz.k&gR;k gsa bl flfkfr esa ;Fkk'kh?kz lq/kkj visf{kr gs vu;fkk vkus okyh ih<+h esa ckfydkvksa dh la[;k cgqr de gks tk,xh tks jktlfkku emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

120 ds lkekftd <+kaps dks vo;oflfkr dj ldrh gsa jktlfkku esa iq:"k lrrkred lekt vkt Hkh e/;;qxhu lksp ls ckgj ugh fudy ik;k gs fyax ijh{k.k ij izfrca/k gksus ds ckotwn du;k Hkwz.k gr;k us tslk?k`f.kr dk;z vck/k :i ls tkjh gsa^^gekjs ;gka csvksa dk tue gks vksj csfv;ka dgha vksj** tslh eku;rk,a efgyk lekt ds izfr gksus okys "km+;u= dk inkzqk'k djrh gsa** jktlfkku es efgyk 'ks{kf.kd Lrj % jktlfkku ds lkeurh lekt esa efgyk f'k{kk fofhkuu lkekftd oxkzsa esa fhkuu izdkj dh FkhA lkeku;r% jkt?kjkuksa,oa fbdkuksa esa jkfu;ksa rfkk Bdqjkfu;ksa dks eksf[kd f'k{kk ds }kjk dqyhu ijeijk ds rksj&rjhdks,oa lkekftd ewy;ksa ls voxr djk;k tkrk FkkA lkeku; oxz dh efgykvksa dh f'k{kk dk mís';?kjsyq dk;kzsa dk O;ogkfjd Kku iznku djuk FkkA jktlfkku esa lozizfke 1866 esa mn;iqj] t;iqj rfkk Hkjriqj (1887) esa efgyk f'k{kk ds fy, ljdkjh Ldwy [kksys x;sa LorU=rk izkfir ds i'pkr~ lekt ds ldkjkred fodkl ds fy, uhfr fuekzrkvksa us efgyk f'k{kk dks,d y{; ds :i esa Lohdkj fd;k mudh lksp Fkh fd efgykvksa dh lk{kjrk c<+kus dh fn'kk esa Bksl dne ugh mbk, x, rks jktlfkku fodkl dh nksm+ esa ihns jg tk,xka jktlfkku esa efgyk lk{kjrk dh fn'kk eas tks iz;kl fd, x, mlds ifj.kkelo:i finys nks n'kdksa esa efgyk lk{kjrk 20-4 izfr'kr ls c<+dj 52-6 izfr'kr rd igqap xbz gsa vkadm+ksa esa rks ;g yech Nykax fn[krh gs fdurq jk"vªh; ifjizs{; esa jktlfkku vkt Hkh ihns gsa orzeku esa jktlfkku dk leiw.kz ns'k esa dqy lk{kjrk esa 29 jkt;ksa esa 27oka] iq:"k lk{kjrk esa 20oka,oa efgyk lk{kjrk esa 28oka (uhps ls nwljk) LFkku gsa efgyk lk{kjrk esa jktlfkku ls uhps dsoy 8 fcgkj jkt; gsa n;uh; Lrj,oa fo"ke thou ifjflfkfr;ksa ds jgrs gq, Hkh jktlfkku dh efgyk,a vius lkgl] rkdr] n`<+ fu'p;,oa dbksj ifjje ds fy, tkuh tkrh gsa vkt jkt; esa efgyk,a cnyrs jktlfkku dh ubz bzckjr fy[k jgh gs mudk igukok] gko&hkko,oa vankt lc dqn cny jgk gs] os l'kdr gks jgh gs dk;zlfkyksa ij efgyk izksqs'kuyl dh la[;k esa btkqk gqvk gsa iq:"kksa ds fy, vkjf{kr ekus tkus okys {ks=ksa fo'ks"kr;k iqfyl fohkkx esa efgykvksa dh fgllsnkjh c<+dj (3 Qhlnh) ls 9 Qhlnh] bathfu;lz lsdvj esa igys 12 Qhlnh efgyk,a Fkh tks finys nks n'kdksa esa c<+dj 38 izfr'kr gks xbz gsa lcls T;knk lqjf{kr,oa ilanhnk f'k{k.k {ks= esa efgyk f'k{kdksa dh fgllsnkjh 42-3 izfr'kr ls c<+dj izfr'kr gks xbz gsa jktlfkku ljdkj }kjk izpkfjr,oa izlkfjr Hkkek'kkg ;kstuk ds i'pkr~ 58 izfr'kr efgykvksa us vius uke ls csadksa esa [kkrs [kqyok,a gs tks nks n'kd 9 igys 5 izfr'kr FksA jktuhfrd lcyhdj.k % xr o"kkzsa esa jktlfkku ljdkj }kjk efgykvksa ds muu;u,oa fodkl ds fy, tks egroiw.kz,oa nwjxkeh dne mbk, gs bu iz;klksa dk ifj.kke gs fd vkt jktlfkku tsls lkeuroknh fir`lrrkred lekt esa efgykvksa esa tkx:drk,oa fo'ks"k mrlkg dk okroj.k cuus yxk gsa iapk;rhjkt vksj fudk; pqukoksa esa efgykvksa dks izfrfuf/kro djus dk volj feyuk jktuhfrd l'kfdrdj.k dh fn'kk esa,d cm+h Nykax Fkh tc efgykvksa us?kjksa dh ngyht dks yka?k lkoztfud nqfu;ka esa viuh miflfkfr dks eglwl djk;ka vkt vk/kh vkcknh ;kfu efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh jktuhfr esa yxkrkj c<+rh tk jgh gs lcwr gs gj pquko esa efgyk ernkrkvksa dh c<+rh rknkna exj bl la[;k ds lkfk gh,d loky ;g Hkh pquko nj pquko iq[rk gksrk tk jgk gs fd D;k efgykvksa dks bl ernku ds cnys mfpr izfrfuf/kro Hkh fey jgk gs \ Hkkjrh; laln esa tgka efgykvksa dh fgllsnkjh flq 11 izfr'kr gs ogha fo'o esa efgyk lkaln 22 Qhlnh gsa bu vkadm+ksa ds chp jktlfkku bl ckr ij xoz dj ldrk gs fd efgyk fo/kk;dksa dh fgllsnkjh ds ekeys esa jkt; ns'k esa uecj ou gsa igys ;s LFkku fcgkj dk FkkA jktlfkku esa fo/kkulhk esa efgyk fo/kk;dksa dh dqy la[;k vfkkzr~ 13-5 Qhlnh dqy 200 fo/kk;dksa esa ls tcfd fcgkj esa 243 fo/kk;dksa esa ls Qhlnh efgyk fo/kk;d gsa fu"d"kz % in~feuh ds tksgj] ehjk dh HkfDr vksj iuuk/kk; ds cfynku dh lk{kh jgh e:/kjk dh /kjrh ij efgyk mrfkku ds u, vksj cm+s volj [kqy jgs gs vc jktlfkku dh efgyk,a viuh lel;kvksa dk [kqydj lkeuk dj mlds fujkdj.k ds fy, eq[kj gqbz gsa 116 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz 2018

121 ^lkeurokn ls yksdru= dh ;k=k esa efgyk lekt esa tkx:drk,oa fo'ks"k mrlkg dk okrkoj.k cuus yxk gsa LorU=rk ds 70 o"kz i'pkr~ izns'k esa efgykvksa dh m/ozxkeh Hkwfedk QyLo:i jktlfkku tsls?ku?kksj lkeurh O;oLFkk okys lekt esa okrkoj.k cny jgk gsa,d ijeijkxr lekt esa ;g cnyko ekewyh ugh gsa Hkfo"; esa ldkjkred ifj.kke izkir gks blds fy, izns'k dh efgykvksa dk lkekftd,oa vkffkzd l'kfdrdj.k djds mugsa fodkl dh ewy /kkjk esa tksm+uk gh ije y{; gksuk pkfg,a lunhkz xzafk lwph 1- 'kekz] dkywjke % muukhloha 'krkcnh ds jktlfkku dk lkekftd,oa vkffkzd thoua i`"b ;kno] larks"k % muuhloha vksj chloha 'krkcnh esa fl=;ksa dh flfkfra fizavosy ifcy'klz] t;iqj] 1987 i`"b tsvyh] eerk % ^vkf/k vkcknh dk la?k"kz*] vktknh ls igys vksjrksa dh flfkfr 2004&05 i`"b ukxksjh,l-,y- o dkurk % ^Hkkjrh; LorU=rk laxzke esa efgykvksa dk ;ksxnku*] t;iqj] 1997 i`"b 9 5- tsu] ykmdqekjh % efgyk vkunksyu,oa l'kfdrdj.k] jktlfkku dk lanhkz] 2001 i`"b L=ksr % tux.kuk 2011] lhjht 9] i`"b 30] 7- L=ksr % y{; jktlfkku 2016] i`"b L=ksr % y{; jktlfkku 2016] i`"b L=ksr % nsfud HkkLdj] vtesj laldj.k] 13 fnlecj] 2016] i`"b L=ksr % nsfud HkkLdj] vtesj laldj.k] 16 uoecj] 2015] i`"b 2 emoy lr / Aà b-oyz

122 Analytical Study of Euthanasia In India Dr. Bhavana Rani Agrawal Principal, IPSR Law College, Ramgarh, Alwar Abstract Every human being desires to live and enjoy their life till they die. But sometimes a human being wishes to end his life in the manner he chooses. To end one's life in an unnatural way is a sign of abnormality. When a person ends his life by his own act we called it suicide but to end a person's life by others on the request of the deceased, is called euthanasia or mercy killing. Euthanasia is mainly associated with people with terminal illness or who have become incapacitated and don't want to go through the rest of their life suffering. A severely handicapped or terminally ill person supposed to have the right to choose between life and death. Euthanasia has been a much debated subject throughout the world. The debate became increasingly signi icant because of the developments. In Netherlands, Belgium, Colombia and Luxembourg euthanasia is legal. Switzerland, Germany, Japan and some states in the United States of America permit assisted suicide while in Mexico and Thailand it is illegal. Keywards : Mercy killing, Suicide, Intervention, Voluntary, Incurable, Disagreeable. uthanasia started in Euthanasia was practiced in Ancient Greece and Rome on the island of EKea, hemlock a poisonous plant was in use as a means for quickening death, a technique also followed in Marseilles. The Greek philosophers Socrates and Plato supported euthanasia while Hippocrates disapproved it. He was against such practice which would lead to death of a person. In early 19th century this word came to be used in the sense of speeding up the process of dying and the destruction of so-called useless lives and today it is de ined as deliberately ending the life of a person suffering from an incurable disease. Some are supportive of right to die. The argument against euthanasia states that it is against ethical, moral and legal norms of our culture. All forms of euthanasia are considered homicide. It is dif icult to show distinction between homicides and murder in complex cases. Ending one's life is not recognized as an abnormal practice in Ancient India. Mahatma Gandhi also supported the idea of willful death. Religions like Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism recognize willful death. It talks about an endless circle of life and death and attaining salvation. The western religion has always viewed euthanasia as dishonest other into this world. Birth and death are part of the process of life which God has created. So, humans should respect them and, therefore, no human being has the authority to choose the time and manner of his death. 118 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

123 Meaning of Euthanasia The term euthanasia comes from the Greece words eu and thanatos which means good death or easy death.it is also known as Mercy Killing. Euthanasia is the intentional premature termination of another person's life either by direct intervention or by withholding life prolonging measures and resources. According to Black's Law Dictionary (8th edition) euthanasia means the act or practice of killing or bringing about the death of a person who suffers from an incurable disease or condition, esp. a painful one, for reasons of mercy. Encyclopedia of 'Crime and Justice', explains 1 euthanasia as an act of death. Simply euthanasia is the practice of mercifully ending a person's life in order to release the person from an incurable disease, intolerable suffering, misery and pain of the life. Euthanasia can be de ined as the administration of drugs with the explicit intention of ending the patient's life, with the patient's request. Euthanasia literally means putting a person to painless death especially in case of incurable suffering or when life becomes purposeless as a 2 result of mental or physical handicap. Euthanasia or mercy killing is the practice of killing a person for giving relief from incurable pain or suffering or allowing or causing painless death when life has become meaningless and 3 d i s a g re e a b l e. I n t h e m o d e r n c o n tex t euthanasia is limited to the killing of patients by doctors at the request of the patient in order to free him of excruciating pain or from terminal illness. Thus the basic intention behind euthanasia is to ensure a less painful death to a person who is in any case going to die after a long period of suffering. Classi ication of Euthanasia Euthanasia may be classi ied according to whether a person gives informed consent under the following heads: (a) Voluntary Euthanasia (b) Non-Voluntary Euthanasia (c) Involuntary Euthanasia Voluntary Euthanasia When euthanasia is practiced with the expressed desire and consent of the patient it is called voluntary euthanasia. It is primarily concerned with the right to choice of the terminally ill patient who decides to end his or her life, choice which serves his /her best interest and also that of everyone else connected to him. Non Voluntary Euthanasia It refers to ending the life of a person who is not mentally competent to make an informed decision about dying, such as a comatose patient. The case may happen in case of patients who have not addressed their wish of dying in their Wills or given advance indications about it. Instance can be enumerated, like severe cases of accident where the patient loses consciousness and goes into coma. In these cases, it is often the family members, who make the ultimate 4 decision. Involuntary Euthanasia Involuntary euthanasia is euthanasia against someone's wish and is often considered as murder. This kind of euthanasia is usually considered wrong by both sides hence rarely discussed. In this case, the patient has capacity to decide and consent, but does not choose death, and the same is administered. It is quite unethical and sounds barbaric. During World War II, the Nazi Germany conducted such deaths in gas chambers involving people who were physically incapable or mentally retarded. Euthanasia can be further classi ied in two regarding its manner. They are active euthanasia and passive euthanasia. a. Active Euthanasia Active euthanasia involves painlessly putting individuals to death for merciful reasons. A Shodhshree /April-June

124 doctor administers lethal dose of medication to a patient. Active euthanasia involves the use of lethal substances and it is where the controversy begins. A person can not himself cause his death but requires someone else's help with some medication causing death. As already stated above active euthanasia is a crime all over the world except where permitted by legislation. In India active euthanasia is illegal and a crime under section 302 or at least section 304 IPC. Physician assisted suicide is a crime under section 306 IPC. b. Passive Euthanasia Euthanasia is passive when death is caused by turning off the life supporting systems. Withdrawing life supporting devices from a terminally ill patient which leads eventually to death in normal course is a recognized norm. In "passive euthanasia" the doctors are not actively killing anyone; they are simply not 5 saving him. Passive euthanasia requires the withholding of common treatments, such as antibiotics, necessary for the continuance of life. Passive euthanasia is described when the 6 patient dies because the medical professionals refrain from doing something necessary to keep the patient alive, such as: Ø Switch off life-support machines Ø Disconnect a feeding tube Legal Aspects of Euthanasia in India In India, euthanasia is undoubtedly illegal. Since in cases of euthanasia there is an intention on the part of the doctor to end the life of the patient, such cases would clearly fall under clause irst of Section 300 of the Indian Penal Code. However, as in such cases there is a valid consent of the deceased Exception 5 to the said Section would be attracted and the doctor or the medical professional would be punishable under Section 304 for culpable homicide not amounting to murder. But it is only cases of voluntary euthanasia that would attract Exception 5 to Section 300. Cases of nonvoluntary and involuntary euthanasia would be struck down by provision one to Section 92 of the IPC and thus be rendered illegal. Right to suicide is not a right available in India, it is punishable under the India Penal Code, Provision of punishing suicide is contained in sections 305,306 and 309 of the said Code. Section 309, IPC has been brought under the scanner with regard to its constitutionality. Right to life is an important right enshrined in Constitution of India. Article 21 guarantees the right to life in India. It is argued that the right to life under Article 21 includes the right to die. Therefore the mercy killing is the legal right of a person. After the decision of a ive judge bench of the Supreme 7 Court in Gian Kaur v. State of Punjab it is well settled that the right to life guaranteed by Article 21 of the Constitution does not include the right to die. Under section 20A read with section 33(m) of the said Act, the Medical Council of India may prescribe the standards of professional conduct and etiquette and a code of ethics for medical practitioners. Exercising these powers, the Medical Council of India has amended the code of medical ethics for medical practitioners. There under the act of euthanasia has been classi ied as unethical except in cases where the life support system is used only to continue the cardio-pulmonary actions of the body. In such cases, subject to the certi ication by the term of doctors, life support system may be removed. A person attempts suicide in a depression, and hence he needs help, rather than punishment. In case of Maruti Shripati 8 Dubal v. State of Maharashtra deals with the Section 309 of IPC and Article 14 and 21 of the Constitution. The Court held section 309 of the IPC as invalid and stated that Article 21 to be construed to include right to die. In P. 9 Rathinam's case, the Supreme Court held that section 309 of the IPC is violative of Article 21 of the Constitution as the latter includes right to 120 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

125 death. The question again came up in Gian Kaur v. State of Punjab case. In this case a ive judge Constitutional bench of the Supreme Court overruled the P. Rathinam's case and held that right to life under Article 21 does not include right to die or right to be killed and there is no ground to hold section 309, IPC constitutionally invalid. In our day-to-day life we often come across terminally-ill patients, patients who are bedridden due to irreparable injuries and are totally dependent on others. It is not a digni ied s i t u a t i o n fo r s u c h p e o p l e. I n C h e n n a 10 Jagadesswar v. State of Andhra Pradesh the HC held that right to die is not a fundamental right under article 21 of the Constitution. In 1994, the Supreme Court of India ruled in the case of P. Rathinam v. Union of India, that article 21 of the Constitution i.e., 'Right to live' includes 'Right to die ' or to terminate one's life. The Apex Court further stated that suicide attempt has no either bene icial or unfavorable effect on society and the act of suicide is not against religions, morality or public policy. Dying a natural with dignity at the end of life must not to be confused or equated with the 'Right to die' an unnatural death curtailing the natural span of life. Further, the Court stated that provision under section 309, IPC penalizing attempt to commit suicide is not violative of article 14 or 21 of the Constitution. One of the controversial issues in the recent past has been the question of legalizing the right to die or euthanasia. Euthanasia is controversial since it involves the deliberate termination of human life. Patient suffering from terminal diseases are often faced with great deal of pain as the diseases gradually worsens until it kills them and this may be so frightening for them that they would rather end their life than suffering it. So, the question is whether people should be given assistance in killing themselves, or whether they should be left to suffer the pain caused by terminal-illness. It is basically to bring about the death of terminally-ill patients or a disabled. It is resorted to so that the last days of the patient will be able to die peacefully. For such a patient it would be digni ied death, rather than suffering a continuous unbearable pain. In Gian Kaur's case, the appellants who were convicted under section 306 for 'abetment of suicide' contended that if section 309 dealing with 'attempt to commit suicide' was unconstitutional, for the same reasons, section 306 which deals with 'abetment of suicide' must be treated as unconstitutional. But the Supreme Court upheld the constitutional validity of both section 306 and section 309. New Dimensions in Indian History : Aruna Shanbaug's Case 12 Aruna Shanbaug, was a 25 years old nurse, at KEM Hospital and dreaming of marrying her iancé - a young doctor colleague. She was sexually assaulted on the night of November27, 1973 by a ward boy named Sohanlal Walmiki. He sodomized Aruna after strangling her with a dog chain. Then he left her lying there and went away, but not before robbing her of her earrings. Next day. A r u n a w a s d i s c o v e r e d b y a c l e a n e r, unconscious, lying in a pool of blood. It was then realized that the assault and resulting asphyxiation with the dog chain had left her corticallyblind, paralyzed and speechless. She also suffered cervical cord injury. She went into a coma from where she has never come out. Her family gave up on her. She is cared for by KEM hospital nurses and doctors for 37 years. The woman does not want to live any more. The doctors have told her that there is no improvement chance of any in her state. She faded from public memory until The journalist described Shanbaug: "her bones are brittle. Her skin is like 'Paper Mache' stretched over a skeleton. Her wrists are twisted inwards; her ingers are bent and isted towards her palms, resulting in growing nails tearing into the lesh veryoften. She chokes on liquids and is Shodhshree /April-June

126 in a PVS. So, she through her friend' and lawyer Pinki Virani, decided to move the Supreme Court with a plea to direct the KEM Hospital not to force feed her. But doctors at KEM hospital don't agree, they say she responds through facial expressions. Former Dean, KEM Hospital Dr. Pragna Pai says that Aruna is not in coma. "I used to go and talk to her and when you tell some story, she would start laughing or smiling or when you start singing some prayers or shlokas, she would look very quiet and peaceful, as if she is also joining the prayers," said Dr. Pai. Aruna's case is the focal point of the debate over euthanasia in India. On the one side, it is the right to live, and the other, death with dignity and the Supreme Court has the unprecedented and dif icult task of deciding on the fate of a victim in a crime committed 41 years ago. On 17th December, 2010, the Supreme Court of India admitted the woman's plea to end her life. The Supreme Court B e n c h c o m p r i s i n g C h i e f J u s t i c e K. G. Balakrishnan, Justice A.K. Ganguly and B.S. Chauhan agreed to examine the merits of the petition and sought responses from the Union Government, Commissioner of Mumbai Police and Dean of KEM Hospital. On 24th January, 2011, Hon'ble Markandey Katju and Gyan Sudha Mishra, J. of the Supreme Court of India responded to the plea for euthanasia iled by Aruna's friend Journalist Pinki Virani, by setting up a medical panel to examine her. The threemember medical committee subsequently set up under the Supreme Court's directives, checked upon Aruna and concluded that she met "most of the criteria of being in a PVS." However, it turned down the mercy killing petition on 7th March, The Court, in its landmark judgment, however, allowed passive euthanasia in India. While rejecting Pinki Virani's plea for Aruna Shanbaug's euthanasia, the Court laid down guidelines for passive euthanasia. According to these guidelines, passive euthanasia involves the withdrawing of treatment or food that would allow the patient to live. The judge who says that a CD he reviewed of Ms. Shanbaug shows, "she is certainly not brain-dead. She expresses her likes or dislikes with sounds and movements. She smiles when given her favourite food. She gets disturbed when too many people enter her room and calms down when touched gently". Ms. Virani issued this statement after his verdict. "Because of the Aruna Shanbaug case, the Supreme Court of India has permitted Passive Euthanasia which means that Aruna's case will worsen with persistent diarrhoea as her body cannot handle much of that being put through the pipe; no catheter to catch body luids and waste matter which excrete themselves; lengthening response time due to a 'sinking'. But, because of this woman who has never received justice, no other person in a similar position will have to suffer for more than three-and-ahalf decades." The medical attention they have lavished on Ms. Shanbaug was praised by the judges in their verdict. Ms. Shanbaug has, however, changed forever India's approach to the contentious issues of euthanasia. The verdict on her case today allows p a s s i v e e u t h a n a s i a c o n t i n g e n t u p o n circumstances. So other Indians can now argue in Court for the right to with old medical treatment - take a patient off a ventilator, for example in the case of an - irreversible coma. Today's judgment makes it clear that passive euthanasia will "Only be allowed in cases where the person is in PVS (persistent vegetative state) or terminally ill." In each case, the relevant High Court will evaluate the merits of the case, and refer the case to a Medical Board before deciding on whether passive euthanasia can apply. And till Parliament introduces new laws on euthanasia, it is Ms. Shanbaugh's case that is to be used as a point of reference by other Courts. Recently, in November 2007, a member of Indian Parliament who belongs to the Communist Party of India introduced a bill to 122 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

127 legalize euthanasia to the Lok Sabha i.e; to the Lower House of representative in the Indian Parliament. C.K. Chandrappan, a representative from Trichur, Kerala, introduced a Euthanasia Permission and Regulation Bill that would allow the legal killing of any patient who is bed-ridden or deemed incurable. The legislation would also permit any person who cannot carryout daily chores without assistance to be euthanatized. "If there is no hope of recovery for a patient, it is only humane to allow him to put an end to his 13 agony in a digni ied manner. However, there are number of cases where the High Courts have rejected the euthanasia petitions. In Bangalore, the High Court has rejected the euthanasia plea of a 72 years old retired teacher from Devanagere, who sought the Court' permission to die. Justice Ajit Gunjal disposed of H.B. Karibasamma's petition based on reports by neurosurgical and psychiatric experts from Nirnhans. The reports said Karibasamma does not suffer any pain or severe ailment. Her spine is normal and she can get-up without any pain. Neither does she suffer from any mental disorder. "Since she is elderly and fears she would become disabled in future due to her multiple ailments, and has no family support, she could be provided psychiatric counseling", t h e r e p o r t s u g g e s t e d, n o t h i n g t h a t Karibasamma refused to undergo any further investigation and medication. Based on the Court's order, doctors examined Karibasamma and referred her to experts at Nimhans. Karibasamma, who claimed to have suffered slip disc and was bed-ridden for years, had written to local authorities and even the President and Prime Minister, seeking permission for euthanasia since Karibasamma claimed that she was getting only Rs as monthly pension in 2010 and it wasn't enough to meet her medical expenses. Because of her age, doctors have opted for nonsurgical treatment, and the pain she is undergoing is excruciating. However, the High Court rejected her plea based on reports by neuro-surgical and psychiatric experts from Nimhans that she does not suffer any pain or 14 severe ailment. Similarly, the Kerala High Court 15 in C.A. Thomas Master v. Union of India, dismissed the Writ Petition iled by a citizen wherein he wanted the government to set up "Mahaprasthan Kendra" (Voluntary Death Clinic) for the purpose of facilitating voluntary death and donation, transplantation of bodily organs. In 2005, 'Mohd. Yunus' from Kashipur, Odissa requested the President for euthanasia on the ground that his children were suffering from incurable disease but the request was rejected. Similarly, a petition iled by Mr. Tarkeshwar Sinha from Patna was also rejected. In 2004, a two-judge Bench of the Andhra Pradesh High Court in Suchita Srivastava v. Chandigarh Administration64 dismissed the writ petition of a 25-year old terminally-ill patient 'Venktesh' who sought permission to donate his organs in a nonheart beating condition. The High Court dismissed the writ petition where 'Venktesh' had expressed his wish to be put off the life support system. Euthanasia is totally different from suicide and homicide. Under the Indian Penal Code, attempt to commit suicide is punishable under section 309 of Indian Penal Code and also abetment to suicide is punishable under section 306 of Indian Penal Code. A person commits suicide for various reasons like marital discord, dejection of love, failure in the examination, unemployment etc. But in euthanasia these reasons are not present. Euthanasia means putting a person to painless death in case of incurable diseases or when life becomes purposeless or hopeless as a result of mental and physical handicap. It also differs from homicide. In murder, the murderer has the intention to cause harm or cause death in his mind. But in euthanasia although there is an intention to cause death, such intention is in good faith. A doctor applies euthanasia when the patient, Shodhshree /April-June

128 suffering from a terminal disease, is in an irremediable condition or has no chance to recover or survival as he is suffering from a painful life or the patient has been in coma for 20/30 years like Aruna Shanbaug. It is evident from the various judgments that the judiciary is not only reluctant but also cautious about taking steps towards approving euthanasia. Theirs is a quite model approach, which fair and equitable in certain situations. Extinguishing a life or giving permission for the same sounds pretty horri ic. The patient or the person concerned who passes all the criteria of living can not be subjected to death on the ground of unbearable pain. The Central Government has taken a decision on decriminalizing the section 309 of the IPC. It is a welcoming step and must applaud. In Aruna Shanbaugh's case the court has permitted passive euthanasia but it does not award active euthanasia to Aruna. As it has been already stated, the issue of legalizing euthanasia is not a simple task. Whatever the parliament, the executive and the judiciary face regarding its handling is not possible to describe. India is a diverse country with diverse culture and traditional norms. It is not an urgently required legislation in India, when other grave matters require government's attention and dealing. Demand for euthanasia legislation is not inappropriate or untimely. There are many medical problems and unethical practices in India which are prone to violate moral, ethical and humane sides of practice of euthanasia. A consideration can be given for enacting a law for carrying out euthanasia. But it poses practical problems. Euthanasia is a process which can not be applied generally. S u p r e m e C o u r t Ve r d i c t o n P a s s ive Euthanasia: 09 March 2018 Now, Passive Euthanasia is declared legal in case of Aruna Sehwag. The Supreme Court on 09 March 2018 passed a landmark judgement on euthanasia and recognised that a terminally ill patient can write a "living will" that permits doctors to withdraw life support, saying a person with no will to live shouldn't suffer in a comatose state. The ive-judge Constitution Bench headed by Chief Justice of India (CJI) Dipak Misra said passive euthanasia and advance living will are "permissible". The ive-judge bench also issued guidelines in recognition of living will made by terminally-ill patients. These guidelines include who can execute the will and under what conditions can the medical board endorse passive euthanasia. The apex court further stated that its guidelines and directives shall remain in force till a legislation is brought to deal with the issue. Though the government is keen on drafting a legislation on euthanasia, but it is opposed to the living will aspect. A major concern that the government foresees is the misuse of the law. If it is legal to passively allow or actively hasten death, there could be instances where an aged parent may be hastened to meet an end in favour of an inheritance, or a spouse have treatment withdrawn for the sake of a hefty insurance payout, etc. Conclusion It could be exaggerating to say that the issue of legalizing a solution in thousands situation medical practitioners come across cases of patients with chronic conditions, where euthanasia is considered. It is not a common case. Taking into account euthanasia in case of a patient with PVS state is practical but that does not happen with every such case. The requirement of having legislation on euthanasia depends on the intensity of number of patients with terminal illness and the gravity of such situations. It is not commonly accepted in India. What a situation would demand in future and what would be its repercussions are matter of unknown reality. Indian population has not developed the healthy potential required for legalizing active 124 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

129 euthanasia. Nobody can guarantee its 100% legal compliance or the possible and probable abuse by the society and medical practitioners and hospitals. What is the possibility of violation of norms in case where the patients involved do not prefer and consider euthanasia? An especially dangerous aspect is that such abuse can be easily made undetectable. Thus although mercy killing appears to be morally justi iable, its fool-proof practicability seems near to impossible. References 1. zewy G. 1. Assisted suicide in US and Europe. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc; Rodriguez v. The Attorney-General of Canada (1993) 3 SCR Shripati Dubal v. State of Maharashtra 1987 Cri.L.J 743 (Bom.) 4. Re T (Adult: Refusal of Medical Treatment), 1992 (4) All ER Gian Kaur v. State of Punjab 1996 (2) SCC Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug v. Union of India, 2011(3) SCALE 298; 2011MANU/SC/0176/ (2) SCC (3), crimes AIR1994, SC Cr LJ AIR 1994 SC Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug v. Union of India, AIR 2011 SC Quoted by Dr. B.K. Rao, Chairman of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital in New Delhi; servicesindia.com visited on 15th June, articles.times of India. corn visited on 8th Nov (2009) 9 S 1. Shodhshree /April-June

130 The Musahar: A Socially Excluded Community of Bihar Jokhan Sharma Research Scholar, Central University of Orissa, Koraput (Odisha) Jayanta Kumar Nayak Assistant Professor, Central University of Orissa, Koraput (Odisha) Abstract The issues of social exclusion and discrimination assume special importance in the Indian context. Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs), who together constitute nearly one fourth of the Indian population, have traditionally suffered from social exclusion. Social exclusion is a process whereby certain groups are pushed to the margins of society and prevented from participating fully in the social activities in the society. In other hand, the concept of social exclusion involves a remarkably wide range of social and economic problems. The article focuses on the Musahar Community or 'rat-eaters', one of the twenty three scheduled castes. They are the third most numbers among all scheduled caste population in Bihar. They are mostly landless, dependent on agricultural labour, and economically they are very poor. Due to this reason they are most excluded in social, economical, educational, and political areas. In this research paper, an attempt has been made to evaluate and to highlight the present sociocultural and economical situation of this community. Efforts are also made to make some recommendations related to their development with the help of empirical anthropological indings, which might be useful in their successful development and also help the administrators and planners. Key words: Social Exclusion, Musahar, Scheduled Caste, Mahadalit, Development. here are many de initions of social exclusion found in the social theoretical literature. Room T(1995), argues that social exclusion implies a major discontinuity in relation to the rest of the society and he pointed out the ive central key factors of social exclusion like, Multidimensional, Dynamic, Collective, Relational, and Catastrophic. According to Atkinson (1998), social exclusion has three main elements: Relativity, Agency, and Dynamics. The concept of social exclusion has its origin in France. The former French president of the European Commission, Jacques Delors, promoted this concept in connection with the poverty programmes of the European Union in the beginning of the 1990s. Since then, social exclusion has become a major concern in the European Union and outside. The concept of social exclusion involves a remarkably wide range of social and economic problem. It is much graver than just living in poverty and de inite violation of basic human right. Social exclusion is a social disadvantage and relegation to fringe of the society, a social phenomenon by which the minority or sub-group is systematically excluded. Social exclusion is a multidimensional concept (Room, 1995) and the main thrust on the concept of social exclusion in the 126 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

131 region of its origin has been for poverty a l l e v i a t i o n a n d t h u s f o r a d d r e s s i n g unemployment, low income, poor jobs, homelessness, poor health, low quali ications and leaving school early, gender inequalities, discrimination and racism, handicaps, old age, divorce, drug abuse and alcoholism, and to live in a deprived socio-economic area. Most of the debate has therefore, surrounded the labour market. Social exclusion is a universal phenomenon which has existed over time and space. The Indian caste system very much impacted the economic structure in the Indian village. The village was essentially a food-providing unit, where each family of the craft or service caste was linked with one or more of the land owningfarmer-caste family. This system was known as the Jajmani system, which survived in India up to the arrival of the British. W.H. Wiser, in his Hindu Jajmani System, shows the mutuality of relationship in a village community based on the exchange of goods and services between different castes. Each individual had a ixed economic and social status. Even the beggar, for example, had a ixed status. Giving alms to the beggar was considered as a religious duty so that it could be demanded as of right and each was related to others in employed-employer relationship. The caste system shows a fundamental discrimination in economic, social, and civil spheres of human life. It demarcates the line of discrimination based on caste identity and the occupational association. Occupational immobility is a serious concern while talking about caste and occupation because each individual caste carries speci ic occupational i d e n t i t y. I t r e f e r s t o t h e c o n t i n u o u s discrimination based on occupation and the notion of pollution attached to it. The bene its and rights are associated with the differential ranking and hierarchical nature of caste system. The uniqueness of caste system also manifests a differential social order in the society; the higher the rankings, the higher the social bene its, and vice-versa. In India, Caste system and Caste discrimination needs to be eliminated if the country is serious about growth. Amartya Sen said that caste system in India is antinational and that all such divisions need to be eliminated from a nation which wants to progress. In Bihar State, the Musahar scheduled Caste community is a highly excluded group, which suffers an acute denial of multiple public goods and constitute an overlapping and dense intersectional markers of disadvantage. They are typically poor, landless; and from historically disadvantaged groups, which signi icantly accentuates their vulnerabilities and limits their ability to challenge the social and cultural norms that lead to their exclusion. The Musahar who constitute the third position, according to the strength of population, have remained neglected so far. In this study researcher try to bring to the fore a report of the Musahar community which is excluded from main stream Hindu society, and discuss the situation and problems of this society in the selected study area. Methodology This paper is based on analysis of both secondary literature and primary data. The primary data collected from the ield and the secondary data collected from various resources like journals, book, and websites. The analysis, after giving a general background on exclusion, focuses on most excluded group known as 'Musahar' to come up with a real situation on their status in the Bihar State. The paper intends and discusses the issues of social exclusion faced by the Musahar scheduled caste. T h e p a p e r a l s o g i v e s s o m e g e n e r a l r e c o m m e n d a t i o n o f a c t i o n t h a t t h e organizations involved can initiate for their battement. The above arguments in this paper are based on the qualitative analysis of Shodhshree /April-June

132 ethnographic data collected from the selected Musahar Tola in Rohtas district of Bihar State. The Musahar The Musahars are one of the most deprived communities in India. Socially they are considered as lowest among the Dalits. The Musahar is one of the Dalit communities perceived as lowest rank in the social status. They were given Maha-Dalit status by the Bihar government some years ago, evidence to the abject poverty in which most live. Oral tradition suggests that they were ancient hunting tribes. They claimed that they are the descendants of great sage Valmiki, the author of religious epic The Ramayan (Moktan, 1997). Some Musahars trace their origin to the legend of the low caste women Sabari a devotee of god 'Ram' in the great Hindu epic the Ramayan. By virtue of her love and devotion to the Lord Ram who is regarded as in carnation of Lord Vishnu, she came to occupy an exalted position in the galaxy of great devotees. It is said that they are the rat-eaters group and they eat rats ('Musa' in local language), for which they are commonly known as Musahar. Originally Musahars were forest dwellers and used to depend upon forest produces and agriculture. They are earth-worker; tree cutting and catching rats are considered their traditional occupation. Musahars are mostly landless or marginal landholders in this region. Educational status of this community is very low. Illiteracy and poverty are the features of this community. Social Exclusions Among the Musahar Ø Caste Discrimination The caste system shows a fundamental discrimination in economic, social, and civil spheres of human life. It demarcates the line of discrimination based on caste identity and the occupational association. Occupational immobility is a serious concern while talking about caste and occupation because each individual caste carries speci ic occupational i d e n t i t y. I t r e f e r s t o t h e c o n t i n u o u s discrimination based on occupation and the notion of pollution attached to it. The bene its and rights are associated with the differential ranking and hierarchical nature of caste system. The uniqueness of caste system also manifests a differential social order in the society, the higher the rankings, the higher the social bene its, and vice-versa. The caste system continues to determine political, social and economic life of the people in Hindu societies. The Musahar are typically considered low and impure based on their food habits and their life style, thus they face multiple forms of discrimination, and exclusion from the rest of the society. Ø Internal Sub Caste Discrimination Among Harijans (Mahadalit) During the ield work, it was noticed that among the Harijans Mahadalit, The Musahar consider themselves superior to Mehtar, Dom, Chamar, Dusadh, and Dhobi communities. Some of them are considered inferior to them because of their food habits and some of them are considered so because of their nature of work they perform. Chamars and Mehtars are considered low on both counts i.e., food habit and work. Mehtars rear pig and eat the same. They also remove night-soil. Chamars eat dead animals-cow and buffalo and work on leather. They remove skin of dead animals and prepare shoes which are called Chamarua Juta. Ø Musahar Segregated Colonies The Musahar are generally pushed to fringe of the village. Kumar (2004) note that the farthest Tola in the village, whose location is based on the rules of purity and pollution is allocated to Musahars. They even live in segregated colonies known as 'Dera', or 'Tola' which are mostly in southern part of the village so that upper caste people do not have to breathe in the 'polluted 128 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

133 air' coming from the Musahar quarter. A differentiation is made between access and usage to re lect the nuances of 'exclusion' and 'unfavourable inclusion'. Awareness denotes the extent to which the Musahar are socially mobilized. Ø Educational Exclusions Literacy rate, according to census 2011, in India is 74%, with 82.1% among males and 65.5% among Females. The National Human Right commission (2010) brings out that 45% of Dalits in India are illiterate. Dalit women, in rural areas, have appalling rate of non-literacy 62.2%. Mahadalit Ayog (2007) inds that 91% Musahars are non-literate, and shocking 98 % of Musahar women are non-literate. The Educational status among the Musahar scheduled Caste, especially child education, has suffered from exclusion and discrimination which has resulted in wide gaps in literacy rate and level of education between them and the 'others'. There are many reasons why the Musahar children drop out from school, such as Poverty, availability, and accessibility; are three big reasons play major role in this situation. Poverty, when a family is not inancially secured, prioritizing a child's education take a backseat. Availability, after completion of secondary school (class V or VI), distance to school also tends to increase, and parents deem it unsafe for a child, especially girls, to travel far. Lastly, Accessibility is another reason why dropout rate rise after secondary class is that this is the stage when a child reaches the age years, when it is considered suitable for induction into child labour. To take same major steps and identify a few generic approaches applying to stop the dropout rate among the Musahar children; we should respond quickly to early indicators of potential dropout, such as absenteeism, by counselling the student and parent. Ensuring social inclusiveness, especially with regards to the Musahar children, sensitizing teachers, and convincing parents of irst generation students of the value of education always makes a big difference. Recently government already initiated a new system of tracking drop-out rates by students Aadhar IDs, so that early intervention can be made to bring the child back to schools. Ø Economical Exclusion Even today, poverty and inequality are embedded in the social structure, with upper castes controlling much of the assets and opportunities. At the heart of this predicament is landlessness. Most of the Musahar families do not even own the land on which their tiny huts stand. Each Musahar family is linked to an upper caste household in a highly unequal symbiotic relationship. Some families escape to Punjab and Haryana to work in seasonal farmers' ields or entire families toil for a pittance in brick kilns or construction work. These are situations of semi-bondage, very hard labour, little savings, and bodies debilitated by poor nutrition. At the same time, the lack of assets, capabilities, and skills severely restrict the ability of the Musahars to switch to alternative forms of employment, both in agriculture and elsewhere. Tying into this economics of poor savings is cultural belief: The Musahars consider themselves Roj kamaake khane waale log (people who spend away what they earn, living 'hand to mouth'), with little urge to save for tomorrow. The assumption is that they will earn tomorrow to take care of tomorrow's need why bother now? Many Musahar families don't own land or any other property. They are landless and effort to empower them by giving free land has not been successful in Bihar. Unlike Punjab, and Haryana, which has a considerable number of scheduled castes as industrialists, here there is hardly any industrialist from this community. Shodhshree /April-June

134 Ø Political Exclusions: The Scheduled Caste is denied to practice their political rights such as right and means to participate in the exercise of political powers and freedom of expression. In Bihar, the percentage of the Musahar in the total population of Dalits is 13.4 percent, it is the third largest Community in all thirty tree Scheduled castes of Bihar. Above them are only 'Chamar' and 'Paasi' schedule castes. They were never organized properly nor any major political interested caste group compared to other scheduled castes like 'Pasi', 'Chamar', and 'Paswan'. Since independence there has been negligible representation of the Musahar in legislatures and parliament. In 2016 Bihar Assembly only Six MLAs are elected (1-BJP, 2- RJD, 2-JDU, 1-HUM) form this community. While in same assembly election eleven legislators from Paswan caste and thirteen legislators form Chamar caste were elected. The main causes responsible for that are like, i.e., irst, they are traditionally nomadic tribe (Blunt, 1931; Ghurye, 1931; Choudhary, 1962; Hutton, 1963) in many past years, now they are gradually forming settled society. Secondly, despite being in the higher population, their population density is not much in one place, they reside in small population in across the state. They are so much politically neglected that they have poor knowledge of the political parties and their leaders. The constitution of India has made certain provision politically to empower the Dalits, but the exclusion has made them to think for politically participation. Conclusions I n I n d i a, s o c i a l e x c l u s i o n h a s b e e n predominantly used in understanding caste based discrimination. Caste is a unique determinant of social exclusion in the Indian Sub-continent. There are various forms of social exclusion experienced by the Dalits in different spheres. Historically, the Dalits were deprived of education; right to possess assets; and the right to possess weapons to protect themselves. The code of conduct that deprives them of these rights- Manusmriti- was written three thousand years back. Within an Indian context, exclusion is witnessed in various forms and it is much inter-related. It revolves around the societal interventions and institutions that exclude, discriminate, isolate and deprive some groups on the basis of group identities like caste, language, and ethnicity. For example, the nature of exclusion revolving around the caste system needs to be understood and conceptualized. It is known to all that caste based exclusion has formed the basis of various anti-discriminatory policies and programmes in India. The issues of exclusion and discrimination assume special importance in the Indian context wherein Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (Sts), who together constitute nearly one fourth of the Indian population, have traditionally suffered from social exclusion. While these population groups are numerically important, they continuously lag behind the other social groups in various social, economic and political indicators of development (Mamgain, 2013). Thus, other than denial to rights (to livelihood, education, health, decent living), Dalits also face raging discrimination in social interactions and violence. One of the biggest challenges that one foresees in inclusion of Dalits is the caste norms (including caste superiority and caste identity), among the functionaries of administrative service delivery systems, be it health, education, police force or judiciary. Dalits also internalize their inferiority, which is yet another critical challenge. Development administration cannot be achieved until social justice and rights based p e r s p e c t ive a re i n g ra i n e d a m o n g t h e functionaries of services. So, institutional reforms are required. For this, sensitization, administrative advocacy, using the tool of RTI 130 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

135 Act, social auditing and such other strategies would be effective. The impact of social exclusion has made the Dalit specially Musahar as vulnerable community since from many decades. After independence, their situation might by slightly change. But the process of change is very slow. In Vedic time, the process of social exclusion system has made that they are dependable on the others Hindu castes, generally these other castes belongs to upper caste communities. In the present situation due to the impact of exclusion of the Musahar Caste; they are subjected to socially, economically, and politically exclude. In addition, internalization of caste-inferiority is often seen among the Musahar Scheduled caste community, which creates hurdles in making them raise their voice against injustice and exploitation. Researchers reported that the signi icant recent efforts towards developing a 'voice' among the Musahars, through building their capacity to organize themselves, articulate their views and demands, ask for and access information, and acquire the self-con idence to stand up to of icials and oppressive forces in the struggle for their rights. Such community-level initiatives have had a very positive impact on the empowerment of The Musahars. References 1. Atkinson, A. B. (1998). Social Exclusion, Poverty and Unemployment. In J. Hills (Ed.), Exclusion, employment and opportunity (pp.1-20). London: Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion (CASE). 2. Hassan, S. (2014). Musahars: What Keeps Musahars Entrapped in Poverty (pp ), In India Exclusion report : A Comprehensive, annually updated analysis on the exclusion of disadvantage group of India, Book for Change. Bangalore: Action enterprise. 3. K. M. Ziyauddin and Eswarappa K., (2009). Dimensions of Social Exclusion: Ethnographic Explorations (Ed. al.), UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 4. Kumar, A. (2006). Culture, Development and the Cultural Capital of Farce: The Musahar Community in Bihar. Economic and Political Weekly; 41(40): Mamgain, Rajendra P. (June 2013). Situating Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Post-2015 Development Framework. Oxfam India Working Papers Series, OIWPS-XIX. 6. Report, (2007). Mahadalit Ayog Report (2007). Figure are based on the Census of India, 2001, Patna. 7. Deshkal Society. (2012). Report, 2012: Research, Documentation and Promotion of the Culture, Language and History of the Musahar Community in Bihar. Delhi: Deshkal Society. 8. Room, G. (1995). Beyond the threshold: The Measurement and analysis of social exclusion. Bristol: Polity Press. 9. Thorat, Sukhadeo (May 2003). Caste, Ethnicity a n d R e l i g i o n : A n O v e r v i e w P a p e r o n Exclusion/Discrimination and Deprivation. Delhi: Concept Paper for DFID. 10. Thorat, Sukhadeo (May 2003). Caste, Exclusion / Discrimination and Deprivation: The Situation of Dalits in India. Delhi: Concept Paper for DFID W h y - c h i l d r e n - d r o p - o u t - f r o m - primaryschool/article ece. Shodhshree /April-June

136 Surrogacy a Rent-a-Womb Capital: A Socio Legal Study Neha Sharma Research Scholar, Mahatma Jyoti Rao Phoole University, Jaipur Abstract Surrogacy is a method or agreement whereby a woman agrees to carry a pregnancy for another person or persons, who will become the newborn child's parent after birth. The word surrogate means substitute. That means a surrogate mother is the substitute for the genetic-biological mother. In common language, a surrogate mother is the person who is hired to bear a child, which she hands over to her employer at birth. In other words Surrogacy is a method of reproduction whereby a woman agrees to become pregnant and deliver a child for a contracted party. The word surrogate' means substitute'. Surrogacy arrangements do not only take place within the family, but also within the community, the state, the country and presently even the world. Keywords: Surrogacy, Contract, Women dignity, Gestational and Traditional Surrogacy. here high-class women 'hire' a womb on 'rent' to carry their child to full term i.e. "rent-a- Wwomb" capital and the surrogate mom capital of the world. when the surrogate mother carries the child in her womb to term and then relinquishes the child to the commissioning parents, for consideration. The basis of this is a surrogacy agreement, which demarcates the liabilities and intentions of the parties concerned. In the Landmark case Baby Manji Yamada v. Union of India, a Japanese couple, Dr. Ikufumi Yamada and his wife, wished to have a baby and entered into a surrogacy contract with an Indian woman in Anand, Justice Ajit Pasayat and Justice Mukundakan Sharma of the Supreme Court held that the father was the genetic father of the child and he was given custodial rights of the child. The Government was instructed to issue the passport to Manaji Yamada and she returned with her grand mother. Most importantly, the Supreme Court held that the Surrogacy Agreement was valid in India. More recently in the matter of Jan Balaz v. Anand Municipality, a German couple entered into a contract with a surrogate mother named Marthaben Immanuel Khrishti. Twin children were born. The German couple was working in the United Kingdom and the children required Indian passports to travel. Since their citizenship was being litigated in the courts the passport authorities withheld the passports. Germany, the parent state of the German couple did not recognize surrogacy. The Supreme Court denied the passports but granted an exit permit to the children and the German authorities decided to give the couple an opportunity to adopt the children and ight for their rights. 132 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

137 It seems from the above that the Contract Act in its current form is not able to quite comprehend the complex questions and requirements that surround surrogacy and surrogacy agreements. These are, irstly, that unlike most contracts that deal with the inanimate, which indirectly has an impact on the lives of human beings, the main entity being given for consideration here is a human child. Certain guidelines, precautions and conditions need to be included in these agreements which are not given anywhere in The Indian Contract Act. Secondly, though free consent is one the pre-requisites of the surrogacy agreement there is an unequal balance of power between the two main parties. If we see how surrogacy has been tackled in other jurisdictions we will ind that the English Legislature was the irst to enact a law that tackled this medico-legal situation by passing the Surrogacy Arrangements Act, This Act was made in the aftermath of the notorious 'Baby Cotton' case in which, in order to adopt the baby the American couple created a false story and paid a lump-sum to the British surrogate to maintain the same story. Justice Booth stated that such arrangements amount to the sale of children and monetary payments to the surrogate should be prohibited. Surrogacy is more common in the United States than it is in the United Kingdom but the certain landmark judgments show that above all else, even the surrogacy agreement, the test of best interest of the child has been adopted. In the highly debated case Re Baby M the surrogate mother refused to relinquish the baby for $10,000 as agreed. The Supreme Court of New Jersey stated that the surrogacy contract was against public policy and hence invalid. Custody was awarded to the commissioning parents of the child keeping in mind the 'best interest' of the child. In Australia, the view of the courts on best interest of the child is highly in favour of the surrogate mother. In Re Evelyn, the court decided that the child should be with the surrogate mother because bonding with the biological and natural mother will be in the 'best interest of the child' in the long term. We see here that in both America and in Australia, the test used to decide issues of parental right is that of best interests of the child which draws a cloak over all complex matters since it seems to be the most decisive factor regardless of whether the agreement is valid or not. In light of the above mentioned arguments it becomes clear that more than an issue of contract, commercial surrogacy is an issue of rights, mainly, the rights of the intending parents, the rights of the donors, the rights of the surrogate mother and last but de initely not the least, the rights of the child. It is also an issue of Human Rights because of the cramped and heavily controlled living conditions of the surrogate mothers. The Indian Contract Act is used for economic regulation. At the same time there are areas where the market by itself will not work such as telecommunications, and will require a certain amount of monopolization in order to succeed by virtue of a separate legislation. Surrogacy is similar in this manner because there are too many collateral costs that are not covered by the Indian Contract Act. Surrogacy & Its Legal Implications A surrogacy agreement is an arrangement to carry a pregnancy for intended parents. Surrogacy can be classi ied into two main types: gestational and traditional. In case of gestational surrogacy, pregnancy occurs due to the transfer of an embryo created by in vitro fertilization such that the resulting child is genetically unrelated to the surrogate. Traditional surrogacy involves impregnation of the surrogate naturally or arti icially, and the resulting child is genetically related to the surrogate. Shodhshree /April-June

138 Surrogacy arrangement is usually sought by intended parents when pregnancy is either medically impossible or it is considered very risky for the mother's health. These agreements m a y o r m a y n o t i n c l u d e m o n e t a r y compensation. The arrangement is termed commercial surrogacy when the surrogate is given compensation higher than the medical reimbursement and other reasonable expenses; otherwise, it is referred to as altruistic or noncommercial surrogacy. Surrogacy laws and costs can differ signi icantly across jurisdictions in various nations. Legal Issues Not all countries encourage surrogacy. Ethical and legal implications have been a deterrent for its worldwide acceptance. In France, Germany, Sweden and Spain, the people have voted against surrogacy. In France, commercial surrogacy is banned; and in 1991 its highest court announced that the human body is not lent out, is not rented out, and is not sold. In the United Kingdom, South Africa and Argentina, where surrogacy is allowed, surrogacy requests are decided by independent surrogacy committees. In the United States, rules and regulations on surrogacy differ among states. California has legalized commercial surrogacy, while it is illegal in some states and in some others, regulations are introduced. In Germany, Article 1 of the Constitution, which states that human dignity is inviolable, disallows surrogacy. German law does not permit a human to be made the subject of a contract; including the use of a third party's body for reproduction. In the United Kingdom, commercial surrogacy is not considered legal. It is prohibited by the Surrogacy Arrangements Act 1985.Paying more than expenses for a surrogacy is considered illegal. The Human Fertilization and Embryology Act 1990 allows intending parents to acquire legal parenthood of their child; the surrogate is excluded by an adoption order. In the United States, citizenship to children born overseas to a U.S. parent is granted by the U.S. Department of State, only if the U.S. citizen has a biological connection with the child; this is governed by the Immigration and Nationality Act. International Surrogacy Traditional surrogacy involves the union of the egg of a surrogate mother and, usually, the sperm of the commissioning father. The commissioning father would be the child's legal father, and the surrogate mother the child's legal mother, in the home country of both the parents. However, at present, conferring parentage on couples who use arti icial fertilization techniques is problematic. Generally, the sperm donor is regarded as the father of the child, so legislation had to be enacted such that the husband of the woman who is inseminated by arti icial inseminationdonor would be the legal father of the child. This legislation does not encourage surrogacy arrangements. Advances in medical technology such as gestational surrogacy enable an embryo to be created from a donor egg and sperm and then implanted into a surrogate mother. In this case, the mother has to be legally de ined. Legal rules may differ in the home countries of the surrogate and the commissioning parents. There may be a serious con lict of laws which will affect matters such as nationality and i m m i g ra t i o n. I n c o u n t r i e s t h a t a l l o w commercial surrogacy arrangements, rules may permit commissioning parents to have parental rights over the child, and not the surrogate mother. This may not be recognized by other countries, which can have their own rules. Ukraine Surrogacy Laws are very favorable and fully support the individuals reproductive rights. Clause 123 of the Family Code of Ukraine and Order 771 of the Health Ministry of Ukraine regulate surrogacy. Ukraine laws permit 134 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

139 c o m m i s s i o n e d p a re n t s t o c h o o s e t h e gestational surrogacy, ova, or sperm donation embryo, adoption, programmes for which no permission is required. Legislation also provides for a commercial surrogacy agreement between the parties. Child born legally belongs to the commissioned parents and the surrogate mother cannot keep the child to herself. California is also accepting the surrogacy agreements, which has no statute directly dealing with surrogacy. Courts generally rely on Uniform Parentage Act to deal with various surrogacy agreements. California Supreme Court in Johnson Vs. Calvert (1993) 5 CAL 4th 484 held that gestational surrogate has no parental rights to a child born to her since a gestational surrogacy contract is legal and enforceable and the intended mother is the natural mother under the Californian law. In the above case the intended mother donated the egg and a surrogate mother gave birth, in such a case the Court held that the person who intended to procreate should be considered as the natural mother. In another case decided by the U.S Court in the year 1998 Buzzanca Vs. Buzzanca 1961 CAL. Appl. 4th 1410 (1998), the Court considered the issue of traditional surrogacy agreements. That was a case where the surrogate mother has been arti icially inseminated i.e. a surrogate mother was impregnated by using her ova and anonymous sperm, meaning thereby the intended parents had a genetic link to the child. Court held that when a married couple uses non-genetically related embryo and sperm implanted into a surrogate intended to procreate a child, they are lawful parents of the child. In another U.S case decided in 1998, In Re Marrijo Moschetta awarded legal parent rights to the intended father and surrogate mother. In another U.S case considered by the NewJersy Supreme Court, In Re Baby 537 A.2d 1227 (Nj.02/03/1 988), gave custody to the natural father of the child, but rights of the adopted mother was denied. Surrogate mother who conceived the child via arti icial insemination was granted visitation rights. Surrogacy in India Since many nations do not recognize surrogacy agreements, India has become a popular destination of fertility tourism. Infertile couples from all over the world travel to India where c o m m e r c i a l s u r r o g a c y i s l e g a l. T h i s arrangement may seem to be bene icial for all concerned parties; however, certain important issues have to be addressed through carefully framed laws in order to protect the rights of the surrogate mother and the intended parents. An added attraction is the low cost of the whole procedure in India which is much less compared to other countries. The Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART, Regulation) Bill 2010is an act which aims to provide a national framework for the accreditations, regulation and supervision of assisted reproductive technology clinics, for prevention of misuse of assisted reproductive technology, for safe and ethical practice of assisted reproductive technology services and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. However, this bill does not address many important issues of surrogacy. There is no limit on the frequency of use of surrogacy by an intending couple. A government body has not been appointed to check the family background or status of the couples. The ART Bill prohibits sex-selective surrogacy in accordance with the Pre-conception and Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act. However, there are no means monitor their operation of the clinics. Commercial surrogacy was made legal in India with the landmark Supreme Court judgment and later, the Indian Council of Medical Research Guidelines 2005 which prescribed conduct and use of ART procedures or treatment by fertility clinics. The ART Bill Shodhshree /April-June

140 legalized commercial surrogacy by prescribing monetary compensation to the surrogate mother by the intending couple. Law C o m m i s s i o n R e p o r t N o ( ) recommends legalization of altruistic or noncommercial surrogacy arrangements in India in order to protect the surrogate mother from exploitation. The Home Ministry guidelines apply only to foreign couples and limit the choice of surrogacy to heterosexual couples. However, the ART Bill allows surrogacy by all (including single or unmarried) and there is no restriction on sexual orientation or nationality. In India, many laws have been enforced to regulate surrogacy but, they lack in clarity. Hence, efforts have to be channelized in this direction. Conclusion In India, people are practicing surrogacy when several children are orphans. Childless couples who want to adopt these children are subjected to a complex procedure. A common adoption law for all the citizens across religions or Indians living in other countries is not present. Hence, they are forced to opt for IVF or surrogacy. The Guardian and Wards Act, 1890 allows guardianship and not adoption. The Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956 does not allow non-hindus to adopt a Hindu child, and immigration procedures after adoption pose obstacles. Simple adoption procedures will reduce the rates of surrogacy. However, commercial surrogacy should be encouraged. The rights of women and children should be protected through framing of laws which will cover all the present loopholes. It seems ironical that people are engaging in the practice of surrogacy when nearly 12 million Indian children are orphans. Adoption of a child in India is a complicated and a lengthy procedure for those childless couples who want to give a home to these children. Even 60 years o f I n d e p e n d e n c e h a v e n o t g i v e n a comprehensive adoption law applicable to all its citizens, irrespective of the religion or the country they live in as Non-Resident Indians (NRIs), Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs) or Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs). As a result, they resort to the options of IVF or surrogacy. The Guardian and Wards Act, 1890 permits Guardianship and not adoption. The Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956 does not permit non-hindus to adopt a Hindu child, and requirements of immigration after adoption have further hurdles. There is a strong need to modify and make the adoption procedure simple for all. This will bring down the rates of surrogacy. Altruistic and not commercial surrogacy should be promoted. Laws should be framed and implemented to cover the grey areas and to protect the rights of women and children. References 1. Baby Manji Yamada v. Union of India, AIR 2009 SC 84; (2008) 13 SCC Guardian and Wards Act, Special Civil Application no of 2009; SC 31639/ "Is Surrogate Motherhood Moral?" by Irvi H. Thakkar. 5. [Last Accessed on 2012 May 1]. Available from : 6. Central adoption resource authority. [Last accessed on 2012 April 30]. Available from Shodhshree /April-June 2018

141 The Time of Plastic Currency Notes in India Preeti Kushwah Research Scholar, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur Dr. Garima Saxena Associate Professor, Maharani College, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur Abstract st We lives in 21 century, its time to move to plastic money to ight counterfeiting. Many countries are transforming to plastic banknotes in order to reduce counterfeits, increase the life of bank notes and cost of production. Plastic notes are smaller and stronger than paper notes with more security features. The RBI has started a pilot project for introduction of plastic bank notes. Kochi, Jaipur, Mysore, Bhuwaneshwar and Shimla are 5 cities where RBI to conduct ield trials of plastic notes. Plastic notes have an average life span of about ive years and are dif icult to imitate. Switching to a plastic material will prove more dif icult for counterfeiting. Hoping to reduce the high cost associated with the printing of paper currency. The average life of paper notes of India stands around one year due to soiling while more durable plastic currency would be closer to ive year. Keywords: Plastic Notes, Plastic Currency, Polymer Banknote, Plastic Currency notes in india. lastic banknotes are banknotes made from plastic or polymer substrate, were irst issued in 1988 Pby Australia, which now uses polymer exclusively and is about to launch a new series of notes, starting with the $5 bill in September. Polymer is now used in over 20 countries as diverse as Australia, Canada, Fiji, Mauritius, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Romania, Vietnam, UK and Nepal. The irst plastic currency notes were introduced in Australia in 1988 and the country adopted the polymer notes completely in Before they were introduced, the Government of Australia was struggling with counterfeiting, black money, and the short lifespan of its paper bills a situation perhaps similar to India. India is poised to join an elite club of nations that use plastic currency notes for their everyday transactions. The introduction of plastic currency will help the country in multitudinous ways some visible while some intangible. However, before we look at the bene its, let us take a step back and take a quick look at the journey of polymer notes. Development of Plastic Currency Notes Plastic/Polymer banknotes were developed in Australia to replace paper banknotes with a more secure and more durable alternative. The Polymer substrate is processed through the following steps: Ø Ø Pacifying two layers of ink (usually opaque white) are applied to each side of the note, except for any areas deliberately left clear; Sheeting polymer substrate roll is cut into sheets to suit a lat sheet printing press; Shodhshree /April-June

142 Ø Ø Printing traditional offset, intaglio and letterpress printing processes are used; and Over Coating notes are coated with a protective varnish. Polymer is a non- ibred and non-porous polymer. Banknotes made using polymer, are more resistant to folding, more resistant to soil, harder to tear, harder to burn, easier to machine process compared to paper banknotes. Banknotes are water proof and are shred able and recyclable at the end of their lives. Developments in Various Countries Australia is known to be the irst country to fully convert to polymer notes with a more secure and more durable alternative. The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) in a combined effort with the Commonwealth Scienti ic and Industrial Research Organization and the University of Melbourne was the irst to develop polymer banknotes. In 1996, all the currency notes of any denomination in Australia were made of polymer while the paper notes were being withdrawn. Other countries like New Zealand, Canada, and Israel etc. have switched completely to polymer banknotes. The following table summarizes the introduction of polymer notes in various countries. Country Year of the First Polymer Issue Australia 1988 Singapore 1990 Papua New Guinea 1991 Kuwait 1993 Indonesia 1993 Thailand 1996 Sri Lanka 1998 Romania (First European country) 1999 New Zealand 1999 Brazil 2000 China 2000 Bangladesh 2000 U.K. ( Northern Ireland) 2000 Nepal 2002 Mexico 2002 Kazakhstan 2006 Canada 2011 Brunei 2011 Nigeria 2012 Malaysia 2012 Fiji Shodhshree /April-June 2018

143 Scotland 2015 England 2016 India 2013 (Introduce) As of 2014, at least 7 countries have converted fully to polymer banknotes Australia, Brunei, Canada, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Romania and Vietnam. Recently, Bank of England said that it was considering to switch to polymer notes from cotton paper notes. Based on the study conducted by Bank of England, 87% of the respondents answered in favour of polymer notes. The bank stated that it would launch polymer banknotes in Security Features: Why they are better than paper notes? Polymer banknotes usually have three levels of security devices. Primary security devices are easily recognisable by consumers, metal strips, and the clear areas of the banknote. Secondary security devices are detectable by a machine. Ternary security devices may only be detectable by the issuing authority when a banknote is returned. In India, RBI publicize that plastic notes would be introduced on a trial basis in Kochi, Mysore, Jaipur, Bhubaneswar and Shimla. There are many factors which answers to the question Why plastic notes should be introduced in India? These notes have better security features compared to the traditional paper notes. They also have other advantages in terms of durability and recycling. Polymer substrate is athletic and hostile to dirt and moisture which helps in preventing damages. Greater durability implies lesser waste and note printing costs. Polymer notes can be granulated and melted to form polymer note pellets which are raw materials for recycling. Field Test in India Government informed Parliament that a decision has been taken to print plastic currency notes and procurement of material has started. It has been decided to print banknotes based on plastic or polymer substrate. The process of procurement has been initiated, Minister of State for Finance Arjun Ram Meghwal said in a written reply in Lok Sabha to a query whether RBI proposes to print plastic currency notes in place of paper ones. The Reserve Bank for long has been planning to launch plastic currency note after ield trials. The Bhartiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran Private Limited(BRBNMPL) and The Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited(SPMCIL) would be supplying the notes. Both these organizations are selected by Reserve Bank of India. In February 2014, the Indian government had informed Parliament that one billion plastic notes of Rs 10 denomination would be introduced in a ield trial in ive major cities selected. The selected cities were Kochi, Mysore, Jaipur, Shimla and Bhubaneswar. These cities were chosen for their geographical and c l i m a t i c d i v e r s i t y. T h e c l i m a t e w a s contemplated as an important variable in the ield test because the effect of the weather on the notes had to be observed and measured to achieve accurate conclusions. The trials were considered to be quite successful. Some observations for polymer bank notes of England T h e B a n k o f E n gland wa s c o n s i d e re d introducing plastic/polymer bank notes. Several countries around the world, including Bank of England governor Mark Carney, they had come in for both praise and criticism. Below we list some pros and cons of polymer banknotes : Shodhshree /April-June

144 Pros : Ø Security features are easy to verify and hard to counterfeit. Ø Polymer notes last at least 2.5 times longer than paper notes, reducing replacement costs. Ø Ø Ø Cons : Ø Lower environmental impact because they last longer. Completely waterproof. Cleaner because they are resistant to dirt and moisture. T h e y f e e l d i ff e r e n t a n d t h e i r slipperiness makes them harder to count. Ø Higher upfront production cost. Ø Hard to fold. Ø Not clear if compatible with existing automatic payment and vending machines. Ø The colours of polymer banknotes can fade. A good example is Nigeria in Africa, which went back to paper money after the polymer banknote test failed when the money started fading and sellers started rejecting it Bene its of Plastic Currency Notes Today, many countries are adopting these notes because of the many bene its. There are several advantages for businesses and consumers : Ø Tough to Counterfeit Plastic currency is dif icult to copy because of the material and better security features which is not possible in paper notes. These features can be detected by machines and authority which issues the notes. Ø Better Quality The quality of these currency notes is far better than paper notes as highly sophisticated technologies are incorporated during the manufacturing process. Reproducing polymer notes through photocopy or scanning is very dif icult. Ø More Durable and Long-Lasting Features Plastic notes have a longer lifespan than paper notes. Plastic ones are dif icult to tear and have longer life. For instance, the Australian notes are supposed to have a lifespan that is 10x that of the paper currency. The UK notes (the irst polymer 5 note was launched in September 2016) are expected to last at least 2.5x longer than paper bills. Additionally, polymer notes are relatively more dust and grime-resistant and can endure rough handling. Plastic notes are waterproof and you can carry them in your wallet without worrying about water damage. Ø Environment-Impact Plastic notes are environment friendly. The printing consumes less energy. Assures being ef icient in reducing global warming. According to estimates, about 22 thousand tonnes of paper (or over 5 lakh trees) is required for making these notes every year. Comparatively, plastic notes do not affect the environment on that scale as they have a much longer lifespan. Ø Stop Wasting Time People will go to banks to exchange old notes, dirty notes and damaged (worn out) currency notes. Banks have to utilize machines and manpower to handle these notes. Banks are using machines to separate good notes and damaged notes. These all are expensive and also waste of time for people as well as for banks. So if RBI introduces plastic notes, all these burdens will be reduced. Ø Plastic notes are thinner than their paper and are lighter too. Ø These notes could get some electronic clips that make it easier for machines to count. Ø Plastic notes lasts longer, so the production cost is reduce. 140 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

145 Ø Plastic notes are recyclable. Disadvantages of Plastic Currency Notes Ø Plastic is harder than paper so carrying and folding these plastic notes will be dif icult. Ø Calibrating the ATM will be expensive initially. Ø Counting by hands is dif icult as plastic is more slippery. Ø Printing would be initially costly as material would be imported. While there are advantages and disadvantages to using polymer banknotes, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages by far because the polymer banknotes are more durable, secure, hygienic and more. While there will always be some that prefer using paper money, as we move with the times, it will become more likely for countries to introduce polymer banknotes into circulation. Though the plan to launch plastic currency notes is a far-sighted one, initial days may bring some challenges. For instance, ATMs and counting machines may need to be replaced or recalibrated. Nevertheless, a move towards plastic currency augurs well for the economy and the country. Conclusion There are approx 33 countries in the world which are using polymer notes. Experts suggest that new plastic notes will be made of polymer to increase its longevity. The bene its of switching to plastic currency are extremely compelling, reducing counterfeits in circulation and helping central banks manage their banknotes supply more ef iciently. The government implemented the demonetisation through which the government scrapped 86% of the currency.the move is the strong step taken by the central government to curb black money in the economy. The developed world has moved substantially to plastic notes. Its time to need for India to gradually take steps to move in this direction. Our country needed to get rid of obsolete methodologies and catch up with the t e c h n o l o g i e s o f f u t u r e t o p r o m o t e industrialisation. The article analyzes the advantages of plastic currency of several countries and current scenario of India toward plastic bank notes. It may help in decision making to switch from paper notes to plastic notes. References 1. Wang, ping.(2016). Currency Notes :The Future Is Plastic. Journal of Finance & Development, Volume: 53. Issue: Newspaper Articles: 2. Chemistry World : what's all the fuss about polymer banknotes? September 13, The Economic Times : Government decides to print plastic currency notes. December 9, The Hindustan Times : RBI to conduct trials for introducing plastic notes. March 18, Global Information, Inc. report on Global Polymer Banknotes Market: Industry Analysis & Outlook march 10, Websites Shodhshree /April-June

146 Public Interest Litigation : Socio Legal Trends Hema Tiwari Research Scholar, MJRP University, Jaipur Abstract Indian public interest litigation soon transcended the self-limitation of considering and enlarging the cause of the disadvantaged. It was appropriated in the service of a range of public causes including the manner in which High Court judges could be transferred and the corruption of politicians and, later, judges themselves. Social Action Litigation has protested a vandalistic expropriation of India's resources by a corporate few whether by challenging rapacious tree felling or indiscriminate dambuilding. Keywords : Public interest Litigation, Judicial Activism, Fundamental Rights, Duties. IL has doubtless been a welcome development in India Public law. The courts have taken a goal Poriented approach in the interest of justice and played an immense role in making the rights meaningful and reaching justice to the illiterate, impoverished and downtrodden. It has now become an accepted phenomenon which the execution cannot hope to reverse. Social action litigation has not been delegitimized' as it were by its growing internal critique' as the executive and other critics might have expected and is becoming stronger and stronger. But Indian public interest litigation has been open to abuse As observed to Dr. Rajeev Dhavan Indian public interest litigation soon transcended the self-limitation of considering and enlarging the cause of the disadvantaged. It was appropriated in the service of a range of public causes including the manner in which High Court judges could be 1 transferred and the corruption of politicians and, later, judges themselves. Further he observes, - If it was created to discipline and conscientise' the system of governance, forces in civil and political society have appropriated it in hugelydiverse ways (citing cases where investigation into Bofors scandal has 2 3 been sought to be quashed or to challenge expulsion of politician of politicians from the legislature. While it is the duty of this Court to enforce fundamental rights, It is also the duty this court to ensure that this weapon under Article 32 should not be misused or permitted to be misused creating a bottleneck in the superior court preventing other genuine violation of fundamental 4 rights from being considered by the Court. Moreover it is said that if PIL fails to deliver after promising so much, it would be exposed to discontent and contempt. However, this history of public interest litigation in India does not support this apprehension since the number of public interest litigation petitions still remains very small compared to the total number of cases iled. 142 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

147 In their anxiety to become relevant to the needs of society, there is a real danger of the superior courts in India doing injustice to the ordinary l i t i g a n t s b e f o r e t h e m a n d b e c o m i n g overburdened and ineffective. According to Andhyarujina, we are in danger of becoming the most litigious nation in the world and the Indian scene in the 1990s is reminiscent of the litigation explosion in US in the 1970s This is however a misplaced apprehension since nothing like the sort has happened in India. Courts may entertain letter petitions but there have to be some objective parameters as to when this could be done. Pathak, J in 5 BandhuaMuktiMorcha case emphasized the need to safeguard against dilution of procedural requirements that would result in the abuse of process of the Court, more so as litigation involves expenditure of public time and public money. He observed : Grace danger is inherent in a practice where a mere letter is entertained as a petition from a person whose antecedents and status are unknown or so uncertain that no sense of responsibility can without anything more be attributed to the communication. The Court must be ever vigilant against the abuse of its powers. While this Court has readily acted upon letters and telegrams in the past, there is need to insist now on an appropriate veri ication of the petition or other communications before acting on. Social Action Litigation has protested a vandalistic expropriation of India's resources by a corporate few whether by challenging rapacious tree felling or indiscriminate dambuilding. PIL has enabled the Supreme Court to exercise af irmative action to vindicate those socio economic rights traditionally considered unenforceable by the Courts and has thus enlarged the scope of Article. 6 According to Prof. Baxi, SAL has achieved many things. Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Social Action Litigation marked the advent of judicial populism that is, The Supreme Court (in the memorable phrase of Justice Goswami) began to imagine itself as the last resort of the bewildered and oppressed Indians. It marketed a moment of judicial catharsis: apex Indian adjudicators began performing a judicial penance for their outrageous emergency decision. It is no accident that Justice Bhagwati who offered a most articulate d e f e n c e o f s u s p e n s i o n o f a l l f u n d a m e n t a l r i ghts d u r i n g t h e emergency became the founder the Social Action Litigation. The Court democratized access to judiciary as a collective right of the peoples epistolary jurisdiction, innovating new practices of fact inding. The Supreme Court recognized and created new Fundamental Rights resulting in a gradual erosion of the distinction between Part III and Part IV / S The Supreme Court assumed the role of a custodian of political morality such as to prevent runaway reservation quotas, which served more political convenience than constitutional conviction. The 90's witnessed, in ill retreat from the Antulay decision, Judicial Activism enunciating the most fundamental of all fundamental rights of the India people: the right of all citizens of India to immunity from acts of corruption by 8 people in high places manifesting in Supreme Court virtually divesting the supreme executive of its powers to control the operations of the Central Bureau of Investigation and has taken over its day to day investigation of charges of Shodhshree /April-June

148 corruption in high places, even to the point of now requiring approval of the Court to transfer 7 the head of the agency. The judiciary has thus become a prime instrumentality of re-democratizing the processes of governance and practice of politics. The contemporary patterns of judicial behavior of the judiciary have transformed it from a mere a p p a r a t u s o f g o v e r n a n c e i n t o a n institutionalized social movement. However there can be no doubt that the Court's object of taking up public interest litigation will be best served if the legislature and execution are induced by these decisions to come forward and the vacuum created in implementing the socioeconomic rights is illed by endeavoring to make the basic human rights meaningful and thereby reduce the burden of the judiciary. VineetNarain v. Union of India 1996 (2) SCALE SP 42, 1996 (2) SCALE 84, (1996) 2 5CC 199; 1996 (3) SCALE SI 12, 15, 1996 (4) SCALE SP 3 U (5) SCALE SI 24; 1996 (6) SCALE SP 24 (illicit foreign transactions and bribery); Anukul Chandra Pradhan v. Union of India 1996 (3) SCALE SP Y (4) SCALE SI 13, 71; 1996 (5) SCALE SP 10, 23; 1996 (6) SCALE SI 23; (1996) 6SCC 354 (hawala transactions involving public men); State of Bihar v. Brishan Pa tel ( 3 ) S C ( m i s u s e o f programmic funds); Union of India v. Jain Associates (1994) 4 5CC 665, CBI v. Shukla (1998) 3 SCC 410; Common Cause, A Regd Society v. Union of India (1996) 2 SCC 752 (donation of political parties); Shiv SagarTiwari V. Union of India (1996) SCC 558; 599 and 1996 (9) SCALE 680 (perverse allotment of government accommodation); Common Cause, A Regd Society (Petrol Pumps matter) v. Union of India (1996) 6 SCC 530 and 593 (perverse allotment of retail outlets for petroleum products), The last two have however been overruled on the ground that award of damages at the instance of a publicspirited body or organization or forum is improper where it was neither an applicant nor was directly affected by the alleged tortuous act of misfeasance in public of ice and exemplary damages cannot be awarded to the State for violation of fundamental rights or its citizens or for arbitrary action of its own of icers : Common Cause, A Regd Society (Petrol Pumps matter) v. Union of India (1999) 6 SCC 667: AIR 1999 SC References 1. Rajeev Dhavan - Law as Struggle : Public Interest Law in India. 36 JILI 302 (1994) at Central Bureau of Investigation v. Delhi High Court Cr. Appeal No V.R. Jayaraman v. Rabi Ray WP 1061 of 1991 in Delhi High Court to challenge the expulsion of VC Shukla from Parliament. 4. CheetriyaPradushanMuktiSangharshSamiti v. State of Uttar Pradesh and Other AIR 1990 SC 2060 at 2062, para 8 5. Supra Prof. UpendraBaxi, - Judicial Activism :Usurpation or Re-democratization. SCALE PIL. 7. VineetNarain v. Union of India AIR 1998 SC Shodhshree /April-June 2018

149 Record Keeping Practices in Ajmer and Major Erstwhile States of Rajasthan - A Study Dr. Kanika Bhanot Assistant Professor, S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. (Autonomous) College, Jaipur Abstract After the formation of Rajasthan, it was considered imperative that some single authority may be created for the records as well which could be able to manage the huge bulk of record which is rich source material for the History of Rajasthan and India, lying scattered at all the capital towns of former principalities of Rajasthan. Consequently, the Rajasthan State Archives was set-up in 1955 at Bikaner. Before the centralization of these records at Bikaner, all erstwhile states of Rajasthan were having their own record keeping practices. This paper traces the history of record keeping practices existed in the Chief Commissioners Province at Ajmer and major erstwhile states of Rajasthan before the establishment of Rajasthan Archives at Bikaner. Keywords : Record keeping, Repository, Bahis, Bastas, Files, Farmans, Kharitas, Chhities, Tozih, Sanads, Parwanas, Dowarki, Jamabandi, Adsattas, Taliks, Padaka, Kai iyats, Vakil Report. R 1 ajasthan was also known as Rajputana till It is now a conglomeration of former 22 large 2 and small princely states including the centrally administered area of Ajmer-Merwada. After formation of Rajasthan, Rajasthan State Archives was set-up in 1955 at Bikaner and record of 3 these former princely states was centralized and preserved their. Before the centralization of this record at Rajasthan Archives, Bikaner each of above states were keeping their own record keeping practices which is unexplored till now. The object of this research paper is to trace and explore the record keeping practices existed in Ajmer and major princely states of Rajasthan like Bikaner, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Kota and Udaipur. Ajmer The state of affairs with regard to the presentation of records in the Chief commissioners province at Ajmer had been far from satisfactory. When Sir Lawrence was appointed Agent to the Governor General and the duties were made over to Colonel Dixon, the headquarters of the Agency were removed to Mount Abu and a separation of the records of the Agency of ice and the Commissioner's Of ice which had previously been kept together at one place was attempted. After Colonel Dixons death another separation was made between the record of the Commissioner's Of ice and that of Deputy Commissioner. The Record Of ice of the Abu Agency had been setup between and it held in its custody the iles of the political Branch, Con idential Branch, P.W.D., Administration Branch, Finance Branch, War Branch and the Of ice of Meer-Muushi. The Rajputana Agency was again shifted to Ajmer in Shodhshree /April-June

150 1942 though the Residency Record of ice remained at three places and their integration had never been attempted. While the records of Deputy Commissioner were kept in the building now occupied by the collectorate, those of the Commissioner's Of ice alongwith the semicurrent and current record of the Ajmer Civil Secretariat were house in an under ground cell, beneath the present Commissioners of ice (a building known as Bombay wali kothi taken on hire) where water used to percolate for the most part of the year from the ground. It was however, shifted later on to a more suitable place within the premises of the Commissioners Of ice in order to save the assets from further deterioration. The entire record was infact housed in seven godowns, three in Bombaywali Kothi and four in Nazar Bag. Dr. S.N. Sen, who inspected the Ajmer Records Of ice on his inspection tour, had stresses the need for proper preservation of these assets by housing them in an all embracing centralised repository to be constructed on scienti ic lines, but before the scheme could be implemented, the Ajmer state disappeared without achieving anything 4 tangible in this directlon. Bikaner The idea of having an organised record of ice appears to have irst appealed to the Government of Bikaner because H.H. the Maharaja had set-up at Bikaner as early as 1896, a General Record Of ice with its branches at Suratgarh, Sujangarh and Rajgarh to house the Revenue and judicial records of the State. Before this, the records of various departments were to be maintained by the mutsadies concerned at their respective residences and quite a large number of Bahis are still lying in their custody. It was in 1930, when the General Record Of ice was provided with a two storied building having to huge stack-rooms and eleven other rooms itted with metal racks and the records created by the Mahkma Khas, police, Court of wards, Education, P. W.D., Devasthan, Treasury, Municipality, Rural reconstruction settlement, Village Panchayat, Military, Customs and Excise, Civil Supplies and Accounts department were also transferred to it. Though the records of various departments were housed in a single centralised repository, the arrangement of iles etc. differed considerably. The records for the period from 1896 to 1910 were kept yearwise and arranged according to ile number which were allotted to them in order in which they reached the Record Of ice. The iles pertaining to the period from were arranged according to Major and minor heads, each department having been allotted and assigned a separate symbol to it. The iles, the post 1914 period were grouped as A and B, proceeding and distinction was made keeping in view their respective importance. At the time of merger, when the secretariat was shifted to Jaipur about iles of Mahakma Khas were deposited in t h e G e n e ra l Re c o rd O f i c e which wa s subsequently designated as deposited Records. However, the most important Farmans, Kharitas, and letters from the Mughal of icials in case of Bikaner were not transferred to the department at the time of merger. In Bikaner, the records had been bifurcated into two parts - The State records and the Personal records of His Highness. The private archives of the Maharaja contains nearly a thousand Kharitas, and 95 imperial farmans beginning from 1585 AD and coming down to the year 1792 AD. The Bara Karkhanas of the Maharaja has also got in its custody certain Bahis relating to the period prior to the reign of Maharaja Jorawar Singh. The State archives retain the charge of the Rampuria records ( ) including Talab Patta Bahis, Chithi khata, Patta Bahis, Diwanji ki Bahi, Parwana Bahi, Patta Bahi, Bara Karkhana Bahi, Ranawati Sahiba ki Bahi, Patta Bahis of different districts and tehsils. The General records section has got iles belonging to Revenue, Police, Judicial, Accounts, and 146 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

151 settlement departments, while the secretariat records deal with various departments of the 5 Bikaner Governments. Jaipur The princely State of Jaipur had as many as ive separate repositories in addition to a huge under ground cell at Amer housing mostly old and absolutely dead documents belonging to th th the 17 and a portion of the 18 century. The repository at Ajmer had passed into a stage of abolition and it was late in the early thirties of th the 20 Century when the Wills Report was prepared that the assets lying burried under Neem ashes along with a lot of dust were shifted to Jaipur which there were sorted, cleaned and kept in a wing of City Palace and designated as Historical Records. The Diwani Hazuri which dated as far back as V.S maintained a day to day account of the activities and movements of the members of the Royal family and also the records pertaining to the grant of Jagirs and the status of Tazimi Sardars and other Jagirdars. Similarly there had been Bakshi Khana Records, Mustau i Hazuri Records, Shamlat of ice records, Meer Bakshi's Records etc. The various agencies were record creating agencies as well and they retained charge of their assets. It would be wrong to treat them as purely archival agencies certain categories of documents of the State used to be kept in Tosha Khana, Bara Karkhana Kapad- Dawara etc. of the rules. Farmans, Nishan or Kharitas received by the ruler were handed over alongwith wrapper, seal etc. to the Daroga incharge of "Dholia Ra Kothar". Sustained efforts were being made to reorganise archival agencies by the princely state of Jaipur. Beside Diwani Hazuri, Bakshi Khana, Shamlat, Mirbakshi and Mustu i Hazuri records, there were also Civil Secretariat records from the year A Central Record Of ice was setup in the underground loor of Town-Hall, now known as Legislative Assembly building. The secretariat records divided into two parts, current and non-current. the non-current records consisted of pre-1922, assets, while the current records started from 1922 onwards and formed part of the Secretariat Records branch. The setting of Central Record of ice didn't any way disturb, the working of the old Record Of ice. The Diwan Hazuri Record Of ice, which was divided into eight sections known as (Mawazma Kalan, Mawazma Khurd, Nuskha punya, Sanad Nawis, Nuskha Khurd, Kanan and Kulli, Daftar Meer Bakhshi, Bakshi Khana, Jagir and Baqaya Jagir) carried on its work as usual. These various sections used to maintain their records in those sheets (Fards) of about 6.5"x4.5" bound by a string or tape into a bundle, locally known as Tozih. These bundles were kept paragana-wise and village-wise, arranged in an alphabetical order. All these record of ices after 1937 including the Historical Records Branch were under the control of the Jaipur secretariat their immediate of ice was the Registrar, who administered them through various Superintendents. The notable contribution made by the erstwhile princely state of Jaipur was the setting-up of Historical Records section under a capable of icer Shri B.N. Timani, who got the important documents sorted, cleaned, lattened, repaired and listed. After the formation of Rajasthan, all the noncurrent records of that Government were transferred to the Record Of ice known as Deposited Records Department, with Deputy Secretary to Govt. appointments-b-iii, as Head of the Department, the Registrar Rajasthan Secretariat, and Collectors as Head of of ice was set-up. After the formation of Rajasthan, in 1955, the Government took a decision to set-up a Directorate of Archives and to transfer all the assets belonging to pre-1900 to the department. In 1960, after the centralization of the Rajasthan State Archives, all important assets of the State 6 were shifted to Bikaner Head Of ice. Shodhshree /April-June

152 Jodhpur There had been in Marwar four district archival agencies in the past before the civil secretariat Record Of ice came into being. The Dastri Drogha held charge of Farmans, Nisihans, Sanads, Kharitas, Kharitas Bahis, Hakikat Bahis, Munshigiri iles etc. and the record in his charge commenced from V.S The Hazuri Daftar retained in its charge the documents, Bahis, registers etc. relating to the grant of Jagirs, pattas, honours, privileges, Sanads, Parvanas, exemptions and gazetted appointments made after V.S. 1808, the pardhangiri of ice maintained almost similar records as that kept by Hazuri Daftar and the Dastri department but was controlled by the Thakur of Pokaran by virtue of his being a Pradhan. Nearly 40,000 patta bahis relating to the Jodhpur city were kept in the Kotwali premises where the Kotwal (City magistrate) used to look after them. In Jodhpur, the records department of the civil secretariat used to be looked after directly by this political secretary or by the chief secretary himself, but in 1937, a scheme was to establish a central record department in the secretariat was taken up by the Jodhpur government, and it was intended that all the government department were to be put at one place under the supervision of a separate of icers. The scheme as envisaged could not be put into practices till 1949, when a Registrar of records was appointed and the records of tribute department, courts of wards and Hasiyat were placed under his charge in addition to the Records department of the civil secretariat. The records were divided in two sections one English and the other Hindi. The iles of English section were properly indexed and classi ied sorted into two categories. Old iles were reorganised in 1928 and the new iles complied subsequently. On the re organisation of the district administration, the current record of land revenue, court of wards and Hasiyat was transferred to the district revenue courts, but the old records remained in charge of the Registrar of Records. In addition to the above, there had been separate record of ice for the assets of Dastri department, Hazuri daftar, Pradhangiri of ice Kotwali etc. At the time of merger an efforts was made to bring about an integration of till these record of ices, but some of them still remained outside the purview of the Archives department. The records of Jodhpur state preserved at Rajasthan Archives, covers the period from 1869 A.D. to 1948 A.D. and is available under Dastri records. The earlier records except some Farmans and Nishans are primarily in Marwari while the records of Mahakma Khas and Civil, secretariat are in Urdu and English. However, Pargana record has been maintained in 7 Marwari. Kota The records of Kota State commence from the period 1635 A.D. and come down to the date of disintegration. The records have been arranged in Bastas and each Basta contains on an average a b o u t 3, p a p e r s which h ave b e e n chronologically arranged. From the historical point of view, the papers of siga mutfarriq are very important as they deal with large number of subjects including the inter-state relations. The papers concerning Jhala Zalim Singh start from 1756 AD, other important categories are Dowarki, Jamabandi, Mulki, Jhadas, Tlaiks, News letters, of Harkaras, Vakil Reports, Adsattas etc. These categories mostly comprise revenue and accounts papers, consolidated account of details of income and expenditure, copies of orders issued, by the Maharao, letters sent by the Vakils and consolidated details with regard to various parganas and villages. The secretariat records in local direct starts from 1876 A.D. and deals with Customs, Forests, Industries, Army, Police, Punya, Courts, Hospitals, Public Works, Forts, Industries, Municipal-board, Gardens, Bhandarshriji, Postof ice, Irrigation, Co-operative Societies, 148 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

153 Jagirdars etc., while the records in English concern the various departments of the Government, Chamber of princes, Residency correspondence and international conferences. These records are available in intermediary repository, Kota. Like other States of Rajasthan, the Kota State also made efforts to have organised records of ice to maintain the civil secretariats Records, but no steps were ever taken to centralise the re c o rd s i n a l l e m b ra c i n g c e n t ra l i s e d repositories. The old records continued to remain uncared for in dark underground cells gradually giving way to the process of natural decay. The Kota State could set up an agency which could look after the current and semicurrent records of the various departments, but no effort was made to salvage the old records lying scattered at various places either in Toshakhanas, Bara Karkhanas, Hisab-Daftars or other units. After the setting-up of Rajasthan State Archives in 1955 and when centralised pattern was adopted pre 1900 A.D. records of Kota State were transferred to Bikaner. The records start 8 from 1635 A.D. and come down to 1905 A.D. Udaipur Like other princely State of Rajasthan, Udaipur State also had its peculiar system of record keeping and Administrative setup. In Udaipur, it seems that there had been in vogue the system of preparing consolidated accounts on the basis of Rokars, Khatas and Khatoonis. This appeared to be the most scienti ic way of maintaining accounts and statistics (Ankras). In Udaipur, the consolidated accounts were arranged department wise and in certain cases even parganawise and kept by way of "Padaka" in beautifully leather found Bahis. Once the "Padakas" were ready, the Rokars, Khatas and Khatoonis could very easily be weeded out. Like the British "Books of letters", the princely State of Udaipur also used to have its Kharitas, and Kai iyat Bahis in which almost all the incoming and outgoing Kharitas and Kai iyats were used to be copied out. It is very dif icult to ascertain as to what methods were adopted to preserve and maintain the records. The Bahis mostly contained either copies of documents or consolidated accounts. The original documents were folded and kept either in tin tubes, Kothalis, Wooden tubes, or bundles. In Udaipur, the Mahkma Khas Record Of ice was set up during the reign of Maharani Shambboo rd Singh on 23 Dec., It was a very small record of ice which only housed the iles of Mahakma Khas. However, no efforts were made to centralize the records of various departments and agencies functioning in the state. Obviously therefore, the Bakshi Khana records containing assets commencing from V.S and the records of the Hisab Daftar (1908 V.S. to 2004 V.S.) remained quite separate from the Secretariat Records. No centralized repository was constructed and the rooms housing the records provided inadequate accommodation 9 without any scienti ic pattern what so ever. Like every other princely state of Rajasthan, Udaipur State also had a Secretariat Record Of ice of its own prior to the formation of Rajasthan. When the department of Archives was set up in 1955 the records of Udaipur State were also transferred and centralised at Bikaner. In conclusion, it can be said that record keeping practices were in existence in each of these erstwhile state and centrally administered Ajmer prior to set-up the Rajasthan State Archives at Bikaner. References 1. Prof. Shiv Kumar Bhanot : Rajasthan Main Panchayat Vyavastha, p. 2, F/N-2, University Book House, Jaipur, Dr. M.S. Jain : Rajasthan Through The Ages, Vol. II, pp , Rajasthan State Archives, Bikaner, Guide to the Records In the Rajasthan State Archives, p. 1-4, R.S.A.B., Shodhshree /April-June

154 4. Records of Ajmer Commence from 1818 A.D. It was divided in three major heads - (a) Commissioner's Of ice Record (b) Chief Commissioner's Of ice Records (c) Rajputana Agency Record. 5. Records of Bikaner State Commence from Eighteenth Century. It was divided in three major heads - (a) Administration ( A.D.) (b) Judicial ( A.D.) (c) Agently Alia (Regency Council to 1887 A.D., Council of State- 1887to 1898 A.D.). 6. Guide to the Records in the Rajasthan State Archives, List of Series of Records (Jaipur), pp , R.S.A.B., Guide to the Records in the Rajasthan State Archives, List of Series of Records (Jodhpur), pp , R.S.A.B., Guide to the Records in the Rajasthan State Archives, List of Series of Records (Kota), pp , R.S.A.B., Guide to the Records in the Rajasthan State Archives, List of Series of Records (Udaipur), pp , R.S.A.B., Shodhshree /April-June 2018

155 Women Empowerment and Their Participation in Democracy Dr. Rahul Chaudhary Assistant Professor, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur Abstract Women has been discriminated and exploited for centuries. They constitute nearly half of the population but they have been subjugated by the men and deprived of their basic rights. However, in the modern times, with the advent of Human rights and the concept of liberty and equality, voices have been raised for the equal rights of women vis-à-vis man. The paper argues that merely equal rights to women will not completely improve the position of women rather their empowerment in the social, economic and political sphere will help them to eradicate the gender discrimination faced by them. Further, the study seeks to explore that how democracy, in the modern times can facilitate the empowerment of women. The paper seeks to highlight that though democracy has emerged as the best form of government but still in democratic system of India women has not been able to enjoy the fruits of power in the same way as the men. The study argues that, both strengthening the position of women in politics as well as change in the social norms, is essential for the real empowerment of the women. Key Words: Gender Discrimination, Women Empowerment, Democracy, Feminism. iscrimination against Women, based on gender has existed since the ancient times. Women have Dfaced the discrimination in every sphere of life, for many centuries and this exploitation continue even in the contemporary times. They are deprived of equal status, privileges, opportunities and rights as are enjoyed by men. It is important to point out here the difference between the term 'gender' and the word 'sex'. Sex is a biological construct whereas the term gender is a sociocultural derivative, so this discrimination against women is an arti icial difference created by society. A serious effort was made to end this discrimination against women by the Feminist movement which demanded equality of rights, status and opportunities for Women. In the initial phase of the Feminist movement, the feminist leaders demanded the establishment of Gender equality but gradually as the movement matured, its supporters began to believe that in addition to Gender equality, Empowerment of women is also essential to improve the position of women in the society. Gender equality means equal treatment of men and women. There should be no discrimination between men and women in the social, economic and political sphere and also they should enjoy equal rights and opportunities. However, it was felt that mere gender equality cannot improve the condition of women in society as they have been exploited and oppressed for many centuries by the patriarchal society and so now, women need some special prerogatives in order to improve their position in society and stand as equal citizens with men. Shodhshree /April-June

156 As a result, now the feminists are demanding women empowerment as the only way to make women, the masters of their own destiny. Women empowerment means empowering women by giving them decision making power in the social, economic and political sphere. Empowerment of women will allow women to represent themselves at the highest level and take decisions which will be bene icial for them in social, economic and political sphere and thereby improve their position in society. In social sphere, women must not be subordinated to men. They should be given power to live an independent social life and should enjoy equal social status with men. Special attention should be given towards education and health of the female members of the society. In economic sphere, women should have control over economic resources, should not be dependent on men and should be given highest decision making powers so that they could attain economic self-reliance. In the political sphere, women should be given highest political decision making positions and they should also be properly represented in the legislative as well as executive organ of the government. It is important that women should be given decision making powers in political sphere so that they can make laws which will lead to the improvement of their economic as w e l l a s s o c i a l p o s i t i o n. S o, p o l i t i c a l empowerment is necessary in order to empower women in social and economic sphere. This political empowerment is best possible only in a democratic political system. Democracy which is regarded as the best form of government today alone can ensure political empowerment of women. Literally, democracy means rule of the people. President Lincoln of the United States de ines democracy as the government of the people, by the people and for the people. Thus, it can be said that democracy is a form of government in which the sovereign power is vested in the people. Democracy is regarded not only as the form of state or as a form of government but it also in luences the life of the people as well as the social structure. It determines the nature of the state, in the sense that, it ensures, through the constitution, that the real sovereignty remains vested in the people of the state and ensures equality and liberty to all the citizens of the state. Democracy determines the organization of the government, as the government is elected by the people, works for the welfare of the people and is accountable to the people. Democracy in luences the social structure because it determines the social norms and thereby in luences the life of the people. It affects the day to day life of the people. A society is considered as democratic if it stands on the pillars of liberty and equality. In a democratic society all the members, whether male or female, are regarded as equal; there is no social distinction based on caste, religion, color or sex; there is no subordination of female members and they enjoy same set of rights as enjoyed by male members and the honor and dignity of all the individuals are recognized. Thus, Democracy provides equal rights and opportunities to women not only in political sphere but also in economic and social sphere and thereby women themselves can bring about a positive change in their social, economic as well as political position which will lead to their empowerment. As the political system of a nation frames the laws which affect the social and economic life of the nation, so it is essential that female members of the society should take active part in the political process of a nation. This opportunity is provided to them in a democratic system. The participation of women in democracy will not only ensure that their voice is being heard at the highest political level but it 152 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

157 will also enable women to occupy seats in the legislature. The meaningful participation of women in election will ensure that political leaders listen to their problems and take such decisions which improve their social and economic condition. Also by active participation in democracy the women can occupy seats in the legislature as well as executive organ of the government. This will lead to their political empowerment. It will also give power to women themselves to make such laws which will lead to their social and economic empowerment. By occupying political posts women themselves can eradicate the social and economic discrimination being faced by them. They can work in the direction of eradicating such norms of society which accord inferior status to women as compared to men. They can also take steps to make women selfreliant in the economic ield. In this way political empowerment through participation in democracy will lead to social and economic empowerment of women. The Indian constitution has provided universal adult franchise to all its citizens. It means that women can freely and independently take part in the democratic process of the country. The constitution has provided that all the of ices of the state are open for all the citizens without any discrimination on the basis of sex. It means that women can occupy the highest political of ices of the state. Also in the chapter on fundamental rights, the constitution authorizes the state to take measures to promote the well being of the rd women. Apart from this through the 73 and t h 74 constitution Amendement Acts the constitution have provided for the reservation of one-third seats for the women at the Panchayats and municipality level. This will empower women at the grass root level so that they themselves can protect their rights and this will also teach them how to participate meaningfully in a democratic system to improve their social and economic condition. However, a deep study of working of democracy in India will present an entirely different picture of the participation of women in democracy. Though, at the grass root level women have been provided with one third reservation by the constitution but in reality the authority is not exercised by the female candidate rather she acts according to the wishes of her husband or any other male member of the family. As a result she cannot work independently for the betterment of the womenfolk. It has been observed that during elections, the womenfolk due to lack of political awakening and due to subordinate position to men often vote according to the wishes of male members of the family. They do not independently exercise their right to vote. Apart from this, facts also show that women are not adequately represented in the Indian th Parliament. For the 15 Lok Sabha, the general elections were held in In this general election out of 543 total seats in Lok Sabha only 59 women candidates were elected from the whole country. It means that though women constitutes about 50% of the total population of the country but in the lower house of Parliament their representation is a mere 10.86%. Also in general election 2009 in casting their votes only around 55% of women voters exercised their voting rights. In the 2014 general elections the percentage of women casting their vote out of their total population was 65.63%. Such a participation in democracy is not a healthy sign for the advancement of democracy in India as well as for empowerment of Women. According to a 2017 Women in Politics Map report of the Inter-Parliamentary Union and UN Women, India ranks 148 in terms of representation of Women in executive organ and Parliament. In the present Parliament, women constitute only 11.8 % (64 MPs) in the Lower House whereas only 11 % (27 in number) in the 245-member Rajya Sabha. At present, as far as women ministers are concerned, women constitute 18.5 % of the total cabinet ministers. Shodhshree /April-June

158 These igures highlights that, the advancement of gender equality in the power structures of the political system remains an issue of concern. The male members enjoy the powerful political positions in the society. Democracy to be successful requires equal participation of both women and men in all the aspects of the political life of the society. An important aspect here is that, according to the Liberal Feminists, political participation and equality of rights with the men, will improve the position of women in the society. But, the Radical Feminists believe that mere political participation and rights in public life will not improve the position of the women because the source of exploitation and discrimination against the women in society is the personal sphere, that is, the patriarchal structure of the society. Hence, so long as the patriarchal mentality of the society is not transformed, the exploitation and discrimination against the women could not come to an end. On this basis it can be said that strengthening of women participation in politics and change in the social mentality of the society should go hand in hand in order to improve the position of the women in society and really empower them, so that they can be the masters of their own destiny. Participation of women in democracy is essential for the political and thereby social and economic empowerment of women but such participation should be meaningful, active and independent. Women should be able to cast their vote independently and without any in luence. Women should be provided with certain reservation of seats at the national level in the legislature as well as executive organ of the government so that they could work for the upliftment and betterment of the womenfolk. Women need to realize that their political e m p o w e r m e n t t o d a y, t h r o u g h a c t i v e participation in democracy, will lead to their social and economic empowerment in the future. However, for this awareness among women is essential and this awareness can be brought about through education. The state should ensure that no girl child is left out of the school. Evening schools should be organized to give formal as well as vocational education to adult women citizens. Also media can play an important role in awakening women and encouraging them to participate in democracy. Apart from this an independent judiciary will help in decriminalizing of politics and strengthening of democracy thereby increasing chances of free and fair participation of women in politics. Participation of women in politics will help to bring about a corruption free and transparent environment in Democracy. Democracy can be successful only when both men and women, equally and freely participate in politics. The participation of women in democracy will lead to their political as well as social and economic e m p o we r m e n t a n d l i ke w i s e w i t h t h e empowerment of women, democratic values will also get more deeply rooted in the political system of the country. References 1. Asirvatham E. & Misra, K.K.: Political Theory, S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi (2005). 2. Barker, Ernest: Principles of Social and Political Theory, Oxford University Press, New York (1951). 3. Beauvoir, Simon-De: The Second Sex, Vintage Books, New York (1989). 4. Brecht, Arnold: Political Theory: The Foundation of twentieth century political thought, Princeton University Press (1959). 5. Heywood, Andrew: Key Concepts of Politics, Basingstoke and New York, Palgrave Macmillan (2000). 6. Heywood, Andrew: Political Theor y: An Introduction, Basingstoke and New York, Palgrave Macmillan (2004). 7. Johari, J.C.: Principles of Political Science, Sterling Publishers, New Delhi, Kaplan, Morton A.: Justice, Human Nature and Political Obligation, The Free Press, New York (1976). 154 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

159 The Challenging Social Media Effect To Privacy: In India Vartika Goyal Research Scholar, Jagannath University, Jaipur Abstract Social media is not about the exploitation of technology but service to community. Privacy is one of the most nebulous terms our society has ever chanced upon. In the recent years, there have been debates on Right to Privacy, its safeguards, reasonable restrictions against this right, various positions and nonrecognition of this right by some courts, and the ongoing debate on the existence of a constitutional Right to Privacy. Lack of cyber knowledge is the main cause of above all facts due to which private photos and personal information are shared among the network. In this paper our main focus is towards how to come out of all the issues of security in social networking sites. Key words : Social Media, Facebook, Fundamental Rights, Whatsup & Cyber Crime. he internet is the largest experiment involving anarchy in history. ( ) It is a source for Ttremendous good and potentially dreadful evil, and we are only just beginning to witness its impact on the world stage. Eric Schmidt, Executive Chairman, Google and Jared Cohen, Director, Google Ideas The fast-evolving need for data protection, data con identiality and data privacy in contract and licenses, especially when citizen data available with government gets routinely shared with private contractors providing goods and public services in the process of outsourcing of goods and services. Depending upon the importance and sensitivity of the data being shared, it is very important the government of icials is now left with no option but to keep themselves updated with the legal position of data protection while drafting any law or giving decision on any case. Social media is not about the exploitation of technology but service to community. Simon Mainwaring Privacy is one of the most nebulous terms our society has ever chanced upon. In the recent years, there have been debates on Right to Privacy, its safeguards, reasonable restrictions against this right, various positions and non-recognition of this right by some courts, and the ongoing debate on the existence of a constitutional Right to Privacy. Privacy is not an option, and it shouldn't be the price we accept for just getting on the Internet. -Gary Kovacs Shodhshree /April-June

160 Many Indian jurists have raised the question that While there is a right to life, is there a right to privacy? This raises a very dif icult conundrum for constitutional jurists that while one has the right to life, does that also entail the right to enjoy a life of their own choice, devoid of any public scrutiny. There is no clear understanding of the different paradigms of the right to privacy, and there exists a lack of a theoretical framework to help us in this respect. Facebook is Alleged For Leaking Users Personal Data With the growth of social media websites, such as Facebook, our privacy has become increasingly more vulnerable to surveillance and commodi ication. As we have uploaded personal information to social networks, we have increasingly allowed others access to our data. Personal information has become to information-aggregation and reselling activities. The recent Facebook was founded under the leadership of Mark Zuckerberg at Harvard University in early 2004, with the initial intention to create a student directory containing student pro iles and pictures (Hodge, 2006; Guo, 2010). Moreover, the website became available for public use in 2006 and by this stage in its development, anyone over the age of 13 could create a pro ile if they possessed an address. Facebook scandal of data leak, took a serious hit, no doubt they were very quick with the public apology. Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg is facing the US Senate, also Facebook-owned WhatsApp, is accused of sending payment based info of users to third parties including Facebook, has now clari ied that the company is not sharing its payment based info with Facebook. That was further clari ied by the owner that WhatsApp Does Not Store or Share UPI PIN Or Other Payments Info With Facebook: Facebook doesn t use the payments-based data of WhatsApp users for commercial purposes. WhatsApp simply helps pass the necessary payment information to the partner bank and NPCI, said WhatsApp clarifying its data privacy policy. Clarifying that WhatsApp in an FAQ stated, When you make a payment, WhatsApp creates the necessary connection between the sender and recipient of the payment, using Facebook infrastructure. We pass the transaction information to the bank partner, which is called a PSP (payment service provider), and to the NPCI (National Payment Corporation of India), so they can facilitate the movement of funds between the sender s and receiver s bank accounts. Further, iterating the fact that Whatsapp is safe for payments, the clari ication also said that, In some cases, we may share limited data to help provide customer support to you or keep payments safe and secure. Meanwhile, the RBI and the Indian Central Bank has made it mandatory for payments irms to store all the payments related data in India only. On Supreme Court s direction, the government had also promised to introduce a data protection and privacy act. This might settle down the latest payments data controversy pertaining to Facebook-WhatsApp, however, during the recent US Senate hearing, Mark Zuckerberg sparked another controversy, as he revealed, For security reasons, Facebook also collects data of people who have not signed up for Facebook. Which ended him in serious trouble. U.S. representative Luján responded, Facebook has got no right to collect those users data who haven t signed and agreed to share information with Facebook. In a response to Reuters, Facebook, however, clari ied that This kind of data collection is fundamental to how the Internet works. Earlier, Chairman of the US Committee Charles Grassley who presided at the hearing of Zuckerberg s case suspected a breach trust might occur at other platforms too. Grassley 156 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

161 stated, Signi icant data collection is also occurring at Google, Twitter, Apple and Amazon. And even An ever-expanding portfolio of products and services offered by these companies grant endless opportunities to collect an increasing amount of information on their customers. On the Facebook data breach issue, the German court has already ruled that Facebook has violated the country s data protection law by insisting users provide their real names and their location, etc. The EU s new GDPR will make it tough for Facebook to extract non-users info even for the sake of security purposes. Citing some major elections in India, Brazil, Mexico, Pakistan, Hungary coming up, Zuckerberg asserted before the US Senate that we re going to take a number of measures, from building and deploying new AI tools that take down fake news, to growing our security team to more than 20,000 people, so that we verify every advertiser who s doing political and issue ads, to make sure that such interference that the Russians were able to gave in 2016 is going to be much harder for anyone to pull off in the future. While Mark has already apologized for allowing third parties to lift data from Facebook without users consent, but Zuckerberg s data greed can be implicit by the fact that he had also planned to access all hospital records matching health data along with user s pro iles. After Cambridge and Russian involvement in the US presidential election, Mark Zuckerberg has put the health data mining of each pro ile user on hold. Not only Facebook but, There are a number of companies and other platforms and apps which are intentionally involved in data transfers without even taking their users consent for the same. Right from Indian PM NaMo App to Congress android, data until recently were purportedly being transferred to third parties such as USbased Clever Tap. In a chat with Inc42, French Security Advisor Batiste Robert alias Elliot Alderson who exposed this on Twitter stated that NaMo App sharing data with the third party without users consent was clearly a violation of Google Play s terms and conditions. Citing an example he said, UC Browser was removed from the play store for a few months as it violated Google Play s terms and conditions. Privacy is A Fundamental Right: India Data leak includes the Private data of citizens, residents as well as Government of India, which is the threat to privacy. A notice issued to Facebook of icial asking for an explanation on its affairs. In recent Supreme Court case of Aadhaar where the Attorney General argued that there was no question of violation of fundamental rights for Aadhaar enrollments. Some people argued that if the Aadhar is not violating privacy of citizens, sharing biometric information is not violation, then standpoint of Facebook is correct saying it is just voluntary sharing of likes and sel ies, so no violation of privacy according to Facebook. It was in August, 2015, that the Supreme Court decided to refer the challenges to the Aadhaar program to a Constitutional Bench, with a mandate to determine the existence of right to privacy as a Fundamental Right. The three Judge Bench comprising Justice Chelameswar, Justice Bobde and Justice Nagappan observed: We are of the opinion that the cases on hand raise far reaching questions of importance involving interpretation of the Constitution. What is at stake is the amplitude of the fundamental rights including that precious and inalienable right under Article 21. The verdict of 27 petitions that challenged the constitutional validity of Aadhaar was reserved by the Supreme Court today, after a marathon hearing that stretched over nearly 4 months. Hearing in the case started in January and went on for 38 days - making it the second longest after the crucial Keshavananda Bharti case, Shodhshree /April-June

162 which had questioned if parliament's power to amend the Constitution was unlimited, to the extent of taking away all fundamental rights. T h e g o v e r n m e n t h a d m a d e A a d h a a r compulsory for a host of services and welfare measures, including bank accounts, PAN cards, cellphone services, passport and even driving licenses. It was made the over-arching proof of identity and residence, intervening all other prior identity proofs.the petitioners had argued that Aadhaar -- built on a massive biometric database comprising ingerprints and iris scans -- cannot be made compulsory. They also contended that this huge database was open to compromise, citing a number of instances of data breach that had triggered a huge debate. Arguing that the Aadhaar law impacts human life, the petitioners demanded that it be scrapped. Whereas the Centre defended Aadhaar on multiple grounds - the biggest being that it ensured proper distribution of bene its to millions and prevented siphoning of funds. Aadhaar data, government and Aadhaar authority UIADI contended, is safe and cannot be breached. Even Prime Minister Narendra Modi had come out in defence of Aadhaar, saying it represented the march of technology and those opposing it "have lagged behind in technology -- either they cannot understand or are purposely spreading lies". In its initial hearings, that court had pushed back the deadline for Aadhaar linkage to bank accounts, passports and mobile phones by three months, and It also expressed concern over data leakage among the huge controversy over the illegal use of Facebook data in the US elections. "The real apprehension is the data available can in luence the electoral outcome of a country, whether democracy can survive if Aadhaar data is used to in luence the electoral outcome," said Justice DY Chandrachud, who was part of a ivejudge bench. This time, a ive-judge constitution bench -- headed by Chief Justice of India Dipak Misra -- was examining this issue as signi icantly crucial. The court examined the contention that the 12- digit Unique Identi ication number given out to 1.2 billion Indians violates the Right to Privacy, which was named a fundamental right by the Supreme Court. The resolution of the issues raised before the Court should proceed at the earliest. This will ensure clarity for citizens on the one hand and for the Union and the state governments and the instrumentalities on the other hand," the court had observed in December. Ø Critics say the Aadhaar identity enables government and private bodies to link enough data to allow pro iling because it creates a comprehensive pro ile of a person's spending habits, friends and acquaintances, property and other such data. Ø Aadhaar was set up to be a secure form of digital identi ication for citizens, one that they could use for government services. The project was initially carried out through executive orders and was voluntary. Ø The Supreme Court in 2013 prevented the government from forcing people to submit their Aadhaar number to access welfare schemes. The NDA government worked a ro u n d t h i s re s t r i c t i o n by g e t t i n g parliamentary approval for the law in 2016 that gave it wide powers. Ø Aadhaar was launched by the previous UPA in to reduce the government's subsidy bill and remove duplicates from the home ministry-driven national population register that was inspired by BJP patriarch LK Advani's identity card project. After Prime Ø Minister Narendra Modi came to power in 2014, the government put the population register on hold and put its weight behind Aadhaar. 158 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

163 Ø PM Modi also mandated that new-borns too be issued the number, not just children after they turn ive. This would make the number, issued after a person's ingerprints and iris, a cradle to grave digital identity for every resident. Government of ices in India witnessed data sharing of public and Private data. for example: it has been no less than India's Telecom regulatory authority of India(TRAI) that has been pushing and Anti Spam app bundled with the idea that is mobile phone users want to be safe from spam ( unwanted calls, text messages etc.) they would have to share the text messages and call logs with the TRAI app all the point of time. The Google challenge With Google, the situation is even worse, since G o o g l e h a s d o m i n a n c e i n b o t h t h e advertisements network market and in the operating system market. Through the origin of competition law, policy-makers and decisionmakers acted to protect competition per se. This is because they saw competition as an essential component of democracy, open society, innovation, and a functioning market. Economists from the Chicago school began to in luence competition policy in the USA, they advocated on the maximization of consumer interest. The adoption of this ideology has resulted in competition regulators standing powerlessly by while internet giants shatter our economy and polity. We need to return to the initial principles of competition law, which might even mean breaking Google into two companies. The operating system should be split from other services and products. We as a nation need to start discussing the possible end stages of such a breakup. Concluding the same, above problem requires either the enactment of a data protection law, or the amendment of our existing competition law. This can take many years. But the government needs to act immediately. By utilizing procurement power, the central and state governments of India could support free and open source software alternatives to Google s products. The government could also stop using Facebook, Google and Twitter for e-governance, and thereby stop providing free advertising for these companies for print and broadcast media. Conclusion The Facebook case study illustrates how our privacy rights on social media websites have become increasingly vulnerable to exploitation, commodi ication, and surveillance. Facebook and other social media platforms have become increasingly popular and those who utilise such websites have tended to ill their online pro iles with vast amounts of personal information, which in turn, has been mined for re-use and resale by various corporate and state entities. These habits have made it increasingly dif icult for social media users to manage their reputations, to avoid state intrusions into their private affairs, and to reduce corporate surveillance and exploitation. Nevertheless, it has been argued that although our privacy has become more vulnerable, we can strengthen our privacy protections by establishing opt-in privacy policies, by creating ef icient privacy watchdog groups, and by creating social networks that are not driven by a pro it motive. Lack of cyber knowledge is the main cause of above all facts due to which private photos and personal information are shared among the network. In this paper our main focus is towards how to come out of all the issues of security in social networking sites. We have tried to analyze and interpret data from all the views and opinion of ambiguous users from distinct background. The objective of identifying vulnerability with privacy and security system is to help to curb web crimes associated with privacy and identity breach on social networking sites. And also it aims to improve default security system of social networking sites-facebook. Shodhshree /April-June

164 Justice B N Srikrishna, former judge of the Supreme Court of India will head a Committee of experts which has been formed to deliberate on a data protection framework for the country. The government led ten-member committee will "identify key data protection issues in India and recommend methods of addressing them." According to the government order, the terms of reference of the committee include, "To make speci ic suggestions for consideration of the Central Government on principles to be considered for data protection in India and suggest a draft data protection bill." It added that the ministry of electronics and IT shall in consultation with the Chairperson and members, collect necessary information and provide it to the Committee within 8 weeks to enable it to start its deliberations. This is the irst time that India has started work on a speci ic data protection law, which is expected to look at aspects such as data sovereignty, data retention and responsibilities of government, companies as well as individuals while handling third party data. We could reduce the risk of privacy violation on social media websites by creating a culture w h e r e u s e r s h a v e t o c o n s e n t t o t h e commodi ication of their personal information; by establishing active and effective groups that monitor privacy settings and policies; and by promoting the development and maintenance of non-pro it online social networks. In such an environment, people s personal information would be better protected against social, corporate, and state exploitation. The need of improvement of default privacy setting of Facebook to prevent cyber-attacks and disclose of personal information publically. The growing popularity of these sites has become target for cybercrime and attacks. References 1. Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) V. Union of India & Ors on 11 August h t t p : / / w w w. b u s i n e s s - s t a n d a r d. c o m / a r t i c l e / e c o n o m y - policy/cambridge-analytica-scandal-how-indiac a n - s a v e - d e m o c r a c y - f r o m - f a c e b o o k _1.html 160 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

165 Corporate Social Responsibility : A Study of Tata Group of Companies Vijay Purohit Research Scholar, Jai Narayan Vyas University, Jodhpur Abstract The world is a local playground, and distances are no more a limitation is the major philosophy of corporates of today and again a time is being witnessed where India and its industries are peering up with all the global stalwarts thus ensuring the growth in coming future.the business style of Indian companies was more or less governed by the traditional and ancient business wisdom which had been practiced for generations in India. There was a time when Indian companies had very less to do with principles of European Management Theories and had preferred to move as per the pre-conceived business policies and strategies. But Tatas was a group which had been practicing Principles of Business Ethics and understood the magnitude of Corporate Social Responsibility right from the initiation of business activities. This research paper has made an attempt to analyse the study of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in India with special reference to Tata Group of Companies. Keywords:- CSR, TATA Group, Finance, Social Enterprises,Business, Indian Economy. orporate Social responsibility has a major impact on three segments namely, Economic segment, CEnvironmental segment and Social segment and therefore CSR is the key factor which has gained prominence now a days and all good companies not only consider their pro itability and growth through it but also takes care of societal interest as well environment by being responsible for its impact on stakeholders, consumers, environment, employees etc. Hence, CSR is the only way by which companies can effectively and that too voluntarily contribute towards the overall betterment of the environmentally blissful and healthier society. What is achieved by incorporating CSR? Whenever the principles of CSR are incorporated, there are multi-dimensional outcomes with respect to the company itself, environment as well as general society. This can be understood by elaborating further: 1. Bene its to the Company: Following are the major bene its to the company: a) CSR is de initely helpful in lowering the cost of operations and thus directly impacting the improvement in inancial performance and total quality management(tqm). b) Brand Image is enhanced and the trust of banking and inancial institutions becomes more irm Shodhshree /April-June

166 t h e re by i n c re a s i n g t h e ove ra l l credibility of the company. c) The internal customers i.e. the employees feel secure and thus the overall job satisfaction is achieved for the employees which de initely leads to better productivity. d) It helps in retaining the existing c u s t o m e r s a s w e l l a s i s q u i t e instrumental in attracting newer ones and thus ensuring a well balanced business cycle. e) Companies are more empowered to address the grievances related issues and thus are able to save dispute handling costs. 2. Environmental Bene its and its impact: a) CSR enhances the use of tools of environmental management, safety and security. b) Helps in channelizing the nonrenewable and renewable resources. c) Fosters the material and product management cycles and inside cost management. 3. Bene its to Surroundings (Society and civilization): a) If the hazards are minimized and the prevailing laws are adhered the total rewards are beyond imagination. b) The improved inances fosters the charitable endowments to the society as well as nature. c) The increase is witnessed in terms of involvement of community, education related fraternities, political and legal authorities' support. Present Indian Scenario In India the CSR inds it origin through the visions of the great J.R.D. Tata who believed that whatever is earned by the help of society must go back for the betterment of the society and from there it has evolved rapidly and companies of India have become very aggressive even in terms of adherence to CSR principles as well as its incorporation in all the departments. Looking deeply, CSR is nothing but the ancient spiritual wisdom which stated : SarveBhavantuSukhina which means Prosperity and Happiness for all. TATA Group of Companies and CSR Philosophy The Visionary: To make clearly understand the CSR initiatives of thetata group an excerpt from a webpage is included as shared originally by the cited webpage, the core idea behind using this actual e x c e r p t i s t o h i g h l i g h t t h e i n - d e p t h implementation and targeted segments for CSR principles by the senior most corporate and business conglomerate of India having a business history of more than a century. The cited excerpt from web page clearly signi ies the CSR belief system of Tata group of Companies, the excerpts is as followed: 1. Tata companies hasspent Rs. 660crores in in Corporate Social Responsibility 162 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

167 (CSR) activities.including a wide range of programmes in skills development, livelihoods, education, health and nutrition, bio-diversity and disaster relief.tata companies' CSR spend, are revealed by Dr. MukundRajan, Member Group Executive Council and Brand Custodian, Tata Sons. 2. Mr. Rajan said, "CSR is not a practice but a tradition in the Tata group and is embedded in our corporate DNA. It is the group's business approach that creates long-term stakeholder value by balancing economic, environmental and social factors." 3. In the last three years, Tata have been spending at an average of Rs crores per annum between the Tata trusts and our companies. The speci ic igure for for the Tata companies is Rs.660 crores. In the last decade, our spend on CSR activities, between the Tata trusts and the Tata companies, has been in excess of Rs crores." 4. While each Tata company implements its own CSR programme, Tata Sons has recently established the Tata Sustainability Group (TSG). The TSG guide, support, and provide thought leadership to all Tata companies in embedding sustainability in their business strategies. 5. TSG has also focused on volunteering programmes for Tata companies. The pool of Tata volunteers at present comprises 25,000 employees in 150 companies, across 60 countries and 540 locations.66 percent of the equity of Tata Sons, the promoter holding company, is held by Tata trusts, thereby returning wealth to the society, in keeping with Jamshedji Tata's belief: In a free enterprise, the community is not just another stakeholder in business, but is in fact the very purpose of its existence. The homepage of the group gives a clear message of CSR ORIENTATION of the entire group. The group believes corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a critical mission that is at the heart of everything that it does, how it thinks and what it is. The Tata group is committed to integrating environmental, social and ethical principles into the core business, thereby enhancing long-term stakeholder value and touching the lives of over a quarter of the wo r l d ' s p o p u l a t i o n. T h e g ro u p' s C S R programmes aim to be relevant to local, national and global contexts, keep disadvantaged communities as the focus, be based on globallyagreed sustainable development principles and b e i m p l e m e n t e d i n p a r t n e r s h i p w i t h governments, NGOs and other relevant stakeholders. The CSR approach adopted envisages that the group evolves and executes strategies to support communities in partnership with governments, civil society and relevant stakeholders. Key to this approach is Tata employees who generously give of their time, experience and talent to serve communities; group companies encourage and facilitate them to do so. At the group level, the Tata Engage programme builds on this tradition. It is amongst the top 10 corporate volunteering programmes in the world. Tata companies work towards empowering people by helping them develop the skills they need to succeed in a global economy, which is now consolidated into a group CSR programme called Tata STRIVE. The image elaborating Tata Strive is shared here from the original company webpage to embark on the authenticity. Shodhshree /April-June

168 TATA STRIVE ( CSR in action) 6. The Tata Trusts project, which seeks to provide affordable cancer treatment in every nook and corner of the country, is being personally supervised by Ratan Tata. Tata Trusts, led by Ratan Tata, has pledged Rs 1,000 crore and other resources to help the central government develop cancer-care facilities in ive states, an initiative that promises to drastically improve access to treatment for thousands of patients. Conclusion Looking at the above citations it is quite evident 164 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

169 that the Corporate Social Responsibility is not mere words of statement for Tata Group of Companies instead it is a core business policy not preached but genuinely implemented. Although an attempt has been made by the researcher to bring an holistic picture of the core business philosophy of thetatas, simultaneously, the limitation pertaining to the vastness of the subject and limitation of the research paper compels researcher to summarise the supportive facts. Last but not the least the CSR policy manual is shared to entire members irrespective of their designation by the management and it is ensured that it is practiced from both sides, i.e. management as well as employees. References 1. Tata-companies-spend-Rs660-crore-on-CSR-in articlesinside/corporate-social-responsibility mumbai/cover-story/tatas-rs-1000-cr-diwaligift-for-cancer patients/articleshow/ cms Policy.pdfa Shodhshree /April-June

170 Ethics and Values Used in Modern Management Systems Narendra Singh Panwar Assistant Professor, Dezyne E'cole College, Ajmer Abstract Ethics may be de ined as a major branch of philosophy encompassing right conduct and good life. Indian philosophy has always advocated an ethical work life as a service to God. The individual is considered to be supreme and it has been stressed that if the individual is good, the world is good. Ethical issues are important for managers for various reasons. If ethics are missing, business and society as whole cannot lourish. Likewise when job values are in con licts with individual expectations, productivity suffers. High values lead to objective, fair, altruistic decisions and action, and ensure the welfare of all concerned. Low values do exactly the opposite. When one looks at the current commercial scenario, the importance of instilling basic ethical norms in the system takes the driving seat. Ethics and values must ind a place in the art and science of management. The ability to do the right thing and more importantly doing it every time (even when no one is watching) is the most noble duty of a manager. Ethics have an important role to play by ensuring business success. Keywords : Indian Philosophy, Doctrine Of Karma, Moksha, Sattwa (Righteousness), Rajas (Sel ishness), Tamas (Laziness), Ethics, Values, Harmony, Subjectivity, Objectivity etc. thics may be de ined as a major branch of philosophy encompassing right conduct and good life. EOthers de ine ethics as a philosophical study of moral values and rules. Derived for the Greek word "Ethos" it basically means, 'A way of life'. Ethics refers to a system of moral principles, sense of right and wrong goodness and badness in our action, and their motives and consequences. Indian philosophy has always advocated and ethical work life as a service to God. The individual is considered to be Supreme and it has been stressed that if the individual is good, the world is good. At a closer look this philosophy reveals the importance of an individual's perception and attitude on his moral conduct. Ethics is unity, it basis is love and hence it takes an impartial view of all human actions and thoughts, the world over. The highest ethical codes that mankind has discovered up to the present time know no variation, love, empathy, peace, compassion, service etc. are some such ethical outlooks which are the same world over irrespective of religion, community, state or nation. This unity or homogeneity in ethics is not something created by human beings it already exists. 166 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

171 Unity : The Basic of Ethics Indian ethics has always propounded the unity between man and the cosmic and the intimate relationship between man and the universe. All human beings and nature are interconnected and interdependent. Thus service to each other is the basis of all relationships e.g. if a man plants trees look after them uptil maturity, then they too in return take care of human beings by providing then with good, shade, wood, rain, oxygen etc. No one can exist in this universe in isolation by ignoring, rejecting and insulting others. Everyone is mutually interdependent and shall always remain so. Without harmony and equality, there cannot be peace in true sense. Nature of Ethics Ethics in Hinduism: The ultimate goal of life in Hinduism is MOKSHA i.e. stopping the cycle of reincarnation and ceasing to exit. Hinduism also believes that the present life is the result of the previous existences bound by the law of karma. People following Hinduism, therefore, tend to live their lives in a manner that they feel will be rewarded in the next life. Ethical Mind 'Mind is man'; As the mind, so are the experiences of individuals. If the mind is disturbed the individual is disturbed and if the mind is good, the individual is good. Human mind may be considered to be constituted of 2 different parts=-one facing the world of stimuli that reaches it from the objects of the world and other facing the 'within' which reacts to the stimuli received. These parts are called as the objective and subjective minds, respectively. Unison between the two is a must for harmonious existence. In situations of doubts and dilemmas, the objective mind should come under the in luence of the subjective mind. The greater the distance between the two, the greater is the confusion within us. Subjective Ethics in an Objective Age Indian philosophy accords equal importance to both subjectivity and objectivity. 'Subject' is subtle and intangible where as 'Object' is something gross or concrete and tangible or visible. Human and ethical values or qualities such as courage, vision, social awareness, fearlessness, integrity, cure and clear mind, truth etc. are concepts beyond empirical evidence hence subtle, un-tangible and therefore subjective concepts. These represent divine wealth. Money material, machines, information etc are the external tangible, objective resource. Indian philosophy favours value based holistic management which synergies subjectivity and objectivity. Managerial effectiveness, quality of work life and work ethics can be achieved only through holistic and value oriented management. It has to be remembered that creator is subjective but creation is objective and the insight (creator) is more important than outsight(creation). Human body, senses, intellect, mind etc. which are objective are dependent upon the soul (atman) which is subjective for their conduct or misconduct. Hence it can be interpreted that in an objective age of materialistic pursuits, subjective ethics play a very important steering role. Just as spirit and matter are interlinked and interwoven to yield us an existence, in the same way subjective ethics alone can ensure harmony, happiness, sound health and enriched quality of life of everyone-individuals, society and nature. Balance between the two is a must. Co-operative Ethics Although co-operation as an ethical of conduct has been duly prescribed by almost all the intellectual heritages of the world, it is unfortunate that this very basis of human existence is being forgotten. Indian worklife ethics has always propounded Shodhshree /April-June

172 co-operation amongst all at work, the absence of which leads to disintegration, fragmentation and lack of team spirit which is so essential for peaceful co-existence. Co-operation, mutual trust and respect, joint efforts and team spirit can lead to all-round prosperity and success for everyone involved, 'universal good can be attained only by the co-operation, close interdependence, inter-connection and integration of human beings, society, nature and business. Companies also incorporate co-operative ethics in their operations by creating the belief that when interests and bene its are passed around they are good for everyone. Some of such operational areas depicting co-operative ethics are: Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Taking a stand on environment commitment to raise living standards. Inspiring young people. Launching unique ethical policies. Improving animal welfare. Investing back into communities. All the above objectives can be integrated with each other to be interwoven into the broad fabric of ethics. Business world needs more and more examples to show the world that sustainable success can be achieved by being ethical and co-operative. Creating a moral code of business ethics based on honesty, integrity and equality can be a beginning to change the falling standard of corporate world. Business Ethics Business Ethics appeals not only to how the business interact with the world at large, but also to their one on one dealings with a single customer. The ethical behavior of all business should adhere to all their daily dealings with the world. Business Ethics may be de ined as a form of applied ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. Ethical issues are important for managers for various reasons. If ethics are missing, business and society as whole cannot lourish. Likewise when job values are in con licts with individual expectations, productivity suffers. The job holder remains unhappy and discontented. If the organisation fails to project a healthy image of itself in society its quality, service and customer satisfaction - its very existence may be in danger. Value By value we mean the motive and/or the basis for choosing between alternative courses of action when a critical decision needs to be taken. High values lead to objective, fair, altruistic decisions and action, and ensure the welfare of all concerned. Low values do exactly the opposite. Importance of Ethics and Values used in Modern Management When one looks at the current commercial scenario, the importance of instilling basic ethical norms in the system takes the driving seat. Ethics and values must ind a place in the art and science of management. The ability to do the right thing and more importantly doing it every time (even when no one is watching) is the most noble duty of a manager. Ethics have an important role to play by ensuring business success. Then good ethics and values promotes good business. The following points give the argument in favour: 1. Satisfaction of sub-conscious mind. 2. Goodwill of business and businessman. 3. I t i n c r e a s e s m u t u a l t r u s t a n d con idence. 4. Protects each other. 5. Helps in professionalization of management. 6. Initiative for others. 168 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

173 7. Releases from tensions. 8. Greater zeal and productivity. 9. Perpetual succession. 10. Essential at the present situation: Conclusion a. increased competition. b. birth of consumer movement. c. development of labour unions. d. d e v e l o p m e n t o f b u y e r - oriented marketing strategy. To conclude, ethics may be called as the supreme propeller in one's behaviour. Ethical character comprising of virtues like honesty, integrity represents the quintessence of relationship between man and man, man and organization, man and his profession and man and the society in general. Although, one can't de ine ethics in its exact sense, it is true that the possession and application of virtues enhances moral, ethical and legal behaviours of employees and managers. In order to meet the needs of the situation today, changes are needed not only in the structure, processes, strategies or technologies but also in job related environmental, behavioural and cultural dimensions such as the attitudes, skills, behaviour, norms, values and beliefs of people. Some of such factors are as follows: Mission and Goal Related Ø Honest and fair dealings with all stakeholders. Ø Primacy of pro its and growth. Ø Network of meaningful goals. Ø Weightage to community welfare. Ø High team-spirit. Work Related Ø Promptness and time consciousness. Ø Priority to work as compared to leisure. Ø Perfection in work. Ø Creativity and innovations as key to success. Ø Following rules and procedures meticulously. Ø Logical planning to attain success. Style Related Ø Individual initiative, innovation, freedom and uniqueness. Ø T e a m - w o r k, c o n s e n s u s a n d participation. Ø Security of employees, longevity in position and predictability. Ø H a r d w o r k, c o m p e t i t i o n a n d achievement orientation. Beliefs Related Ø Warmth, friendliness. Ø Strife for betterment. Ø Fruitful contribution to society. Ø Respect for heritage. Ø Growth orientation and optimism. Ø Ef iciency and Effectiveness. Ø Complacence. Ø Loyalty, commitment and cohesion. Ø Utilization of and faith in employee's skills and knowledge. So in the end we can say that ethics and values are too much important and essential for modern management functions. Last but not the least, mental peace and inner harmony have been considered as the most important elements to build up a strong character according to Indian ethos. References 1 Jhen~ Hkxon~xhrk ;Fkk:I & Jh Jhen, lh HkfDrosnkar Lokeh izhkqikn 2 dy;k.k] xhrkizsl xksj[kiqj o"kz 85 la[;k4 3 jktlfkku if=dk vtesj ¼jkt-½ ;qxfuekz.k ;kstuk & vizsy 2006] xk;=h rikshkwfe efkqjk ¼;w ih½ 5 Business standard, New Delhi March www google.com 7 www Wikipedia.com Shodhshree /April-June

174 Indian Constitution and Rights of Human Dr. Yogesh Kumar Deshwa Jodhpur Abstract The General Assembly of the United Nations adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as under (1948) - All human beings are born with equal and inalienable inalienable rights and fundamental fundamental freedoms freedoms. The United Nations is committed to upholding, promoting, and protecting the human rights of every individual. This commitment stems from the United Nations Charter, which reaf irms the faith of the peoples of the world in fundamental human rights and in the dignity and worth of the human person. Keywords: Constitution, Human Rights, Freedom, Fundamental Rights. he Constitution of India is federal in nature. It is adopted by the India Constituent Assembly on T26th Nov, 1949 and came into effect on 26th Jan, Its adoption is celebrated as Republic Day in India every year. The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution of any sovereign sovereign country country in the world. It sets out Fundamental Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and the Duties of Citizens. It declares India to be a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic, assuring its citizens of justice, equality and liberty, and endeavors to promote fraternity among them. Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles And Fundamental Duties -These are the sections of the Constitution of India that prescribe the fundamental obligations of the State to its citizens and the duties of the citizens to the State. These sections comprise a constitutional bill of rights for government policymaking and the behaviour and conduct of citizens. These sections are considered vital elements of the constitution, which was developed between 1947 and 1949 by the Constituent Assembly of India. Fundamental Rights - The Fundamental Rights are de ined as the basic human rights of all citizens. These rights, rights, de ined de ined in Part III of the Constitution irrespective of race, place of birth, religion, caste, creed or sex. Fundamental Rights includes:- Right to Equality Right to Freedom,Right against, Exploitation Right to Freedom of Religion Cultural and Educational Rights, Right to Constitutional Remedies. Right To Equality - The Right to Equality is one of the chief guarantees of the Constitution of India. Articles Articles of Constitution Constitution highlights highlights the right to equality. It refers to the equality in the eyes of law irrespective of caste, race, religion, place of birth or sex. Article 14- guarantees equality before law as well as equal protection of the law to not only citizen of India but also 170 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

175 to all the people within the territory of India. This includes includes the equal subjection subjection of all persons to the authority of law, as well as equal treatment of persons in similar circumstances. The State cannot refuse this right. But no persons or group of persons can demand for any special treatment or any special priviledge. Article 15 -prohibits discrimination on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, or any of them. This right applies only to citizens of India and can be enforced against the State as well as private private individuals, individuals, regarding regarding free access to places of public entertainment or places of public resort maintained partly or wholly out of State funds. The State has the right to make special treatment for women, children and for the development of backward class, scheduled caste or scheduled tribe people. Article 16 - guarantees equality of opportunity in matters of public employment. It prevents the State from discriminating against anyone in respect of employment on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, descent, place of birth or place of residence residence. However, the State may provide special reservation to the people of backward classes, scheduled castes or scheduled tribes for the upliftment of the weaker sections as well as for a person professing that particular religion in case of religious institution. Article 17- abolishes the practice of untouchability. It has been declared an offence offence punishable punishable by law. The Protection Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 has been enacted by the Parliament which states punishments for not allowing a person to enter the place of worship and from taking water from a well or tank. ARTICLE 18- prohibits the State from granting any titles other than military or academic distinctions, distinctions, and even the citizens citizens of India cannot accept titles from a foreign state. Thus, Indian aristocratic titles and titles of nobility given by the British have been abolished. Right To Freedom - The Right to Freedom is covered in Articles 19 22, with the view of guaranteeing individual rights. But some of the rights are subject subject to security security of the State, friendly friendly relation with foreign countries, public order, decency or morality and for which certain restrictions may be imposed by the State on individual liberty under speci ied condition. Article 19- It guarantees the citizens of India the following six fundamental freedoms subject to certain restrictions - Freedom of Speech and Expression,Freedom of Assembly,Freedom of form Associations,Freedom of Movement, Freedom of Residence and Settlement, Freedom of Profession, Occupation, Trade and Bussiness. Article 20 - provides protection from conviction for offences in certain respects, respects, including including the rights against against ex post facto laws, double jeopardy and freedom from selfincrimination. Article 21 - prevents the encroachment /protection of life or personal liberty by the State. No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law. Article 22 - provides speci ic rights to arrested and detained persons, i.e., the rights to be informed informed of the grounds grounds of arrest, arrest, consult consult a lawyer of one's own choice, be produced before a magistrate within 24 hours of the arrest, and the freedom not to be detained beyond that period without an order of the magistrate. Article 22 also provides that when a person is detained under any law of preventive detention, the State can detain such person without trial for only three months, months, and any detention detention for a longer period must be authorised by an Advisory Board. The person being detained,has the right to be informed about the grounds of detention, and be permitted to make a representation against it, at the earliest opportunity. Shodhshree /April-June

176 Right Against Exploitation - The Right against Exploitation, contained in Articles 23 24, lays down certain provisions to prevent prevent exploitation exploitation of the weaker sections of the society by individuals or the State. Child labour and Begar is prohibited under the Right against Exploitation. Article 23 - prohibits human traf icking and forced labour or any act of compelling a person to work without wages where he was legally entitled not to work or to receive receive remuneration remuneration for it. Any contravention leads to an offence. However, it permits the State to impose compulsory service for public purposes, including conscription and community service. The Bonded Labour system (Abolition) Act, 1976, has been enacted by Parliament to give effect to this Article. Article 24 - prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in factories, mines and other hazardous jobs. Parliament has enacted the Child Labour (Prohibition (Prohibition and Regulation) Regulation) Act, 1986, providing regulations for the abolition of, and penalties for employing, child labour, as well as provisions for rehabilitation of former child labourers The Employment of Children Act,1938 was the irst act to prevent Child Labour. Right to Freedom of Religion - The Right to Freedom of Religion, covered in Articles 25 28, provides religious freedom freedom to all citizens citizens and ensures ensures a secular secular state in India. According to the Constitution, there is no of icial State religion, and the State is required to treat all religions impartially and neutrally. Article 25 - guarantees all persons the freedom of conscience and the right to preach, practice and propagate any religion of their choice. This right is, however, however, subject subject to public order, morality morality and health, and the power of the State to take measures for social welfare and reform. The right in this article shall not affect the operation of any existing law or prevent the State from making new law. Article 26 - guarantees all religious denominations or any sections, subject to public order, morality and health; to manage their own affairs affairs in matters matters of religion, religion, set up or manage institutions of their own for charitable or religious purposes, and own, acquire and manage property in accordance with law. These provisions do not derogate/deviate from the State's power to acquire property belonging to a religious denomination. Article 27 - guarantees freedom for payment of taxes. No person can be compelled to pay taxes for the promotion or maintenance of any particular religion or religious institution. Article 28 - prohibits religious instruction in a wholly State-funded educational institution, and educational institutions receiving aid from the State cannot compel any of their members to receive religious instruction or attend religious worship without their consent or their guardian's consent in case of minor. Cultural And Educational Rights The Cultural and Educational rights, given in Articles 29 and 30, are measures to protect protect the rights of cultural, cultural, linguistic linguistic and religious minorities, by enabling them to conserve their heritage and protecting them against discrimination. Article 29 - grants any section of citizens having a distinct language, script culture of its own, the right to conserve and develop the same, and thus safeguards the rights or interest of minorities by preventing the State from imposing imposing any external external culture culture on them. It also prohibits prohibits discrimination against any citizen for admission into any educational institutions maintained or aided by the State, on the basis of religion, race, caste, language or any of them. However, this is subject to reservation by the State for socially and educationally backward classes, as well as reservation of up to 50 percent of seats in any educational institution run by a minority community for 172 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

177 citizens belonging to that community. Article 30 - guarantees the right of minorities to set up and administer educational institutions institutions of their choice in order to preserve and develop their own culture, and prohibits the State, while granting aid, from discriminating against any institution on the basis of the fact that it is administered or managed by a religious or cultural minority. Right to Constitutional Remedies - The Right to Constitutional Remedies empowers citizens to approach the Supreme Court of India to seek enforcement, enforcement, or protection against infringement, of their Fundamental Rights. It is covered in Article 32. Article 32- provides a guaranteed remedy for enforcement of all the other Fundamental Rights, and the Supreme Court is designated as the protector of these rights by the Constitution Constitution. The Supreme Supreme Court has been empowered to issue writs, namely habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari and quo warranto, for the enforcement of the Fundamental Rights, while the High Courts have been empowered under Article 226 which is not a Fundamental Right in itself. Directive Principles of State Policy The Directive Principles of State Policy, embodied in Part IV of the Constitution, are directions directions given to the State to guide the establishment of an economic and social democracy, as proposed by the Preamble. It contains Article 36 to 51. Article 36 - D e i n i t i o n. T h e S TAT E i n c l u d e s t h e Government of India; Parliament of India; the Government of each of the States which constitute the Union of India; the Legislature of each of the States which constitute the Union of India; all local authorities within the territory of India; all local authorities under the control of the Government of India; all other authorities within the territory of India; and all other a u t h o r i t i e s u n d e r t h e c o n t r o l o f t h e Government of India. other authorities under the control of the Government of India. Article 37 - Application of the principles contained in this Part. The provisions contained in this Part shall not be enforceable by any court, but the principles therein laid down are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws. Article 38 - The State shall strive to secure and protect a social order to promote the welfare of the people in which justice, social, economic and political shall inform all the institutions institutions of the National National life. The State shall also strive to minimise the inequalities in income, and endeavour to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities, not only amongst individuals but also amongst groups of people residing in different areas. Article 39 - The State shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing - that the citizens, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate means of livelihood, that the ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as best to subserve the common good; that the operation of the economic system d o e s n o t re s u l t i n t h e c o n c e n t ra t i o n concentration of wealth and means of production production to the common detriment; that there is equal pay for equal work for both men and women; that the health and strength of workers, men and women, and th e tender age of children are not abused and that citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their age or strength; that children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment. Article 39A - The State shall secure that the operation of the legal system promotes justice, on a basis of equal opportunity, and also provide free legal aid, by suitable legislation or schemes or in any Shodhshree /April-June

178 other way, to ensure that opportunities opportunities for securing securing justice justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities. Article 40 - The State shall take steps to organise village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government. Article 41 -The State shall, within the limits of its economic capacity and development, make effective provision for securing the right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases like unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement. Article 42 -The State shall make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief. Artice 43 - The State shall endeavour endeavour to secure, secure, by suitable legislation or economic organisation or in any other way, to all workers, agricultural, industrial or otherwise, work, a living wage, conditions of work ensuring a decent standard of life and full enjoyment of leisure and social and cultural opportunities and to promote cottage industries on an individual or co- operative basis in rural areas. Article 43A - The State shall take steps, by suitable legislation or in any other way, to secure the participation of workers in t h e m a n a g e m e n t o f u n d e r t a k i n g s, establishments or other organisations engaged in any industry. Article 44 - The State shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India. Article 45 - The State shall endeavour to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years. Article 46 - The State shall promote the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation.article 48 - The State shall endeavour to organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scienti ic lines and shall, in particular, take steps for preserving and improving the breeds, and prohibiting the slaughter, of cows and calves and other milch and draught cattle. Article 48A - The State shall endeavour to protect and improve improve the environment environment and to safeguard safeguard the forests and wild life of the country. Article 49 - The State shall protect every monument or place or object of artistic or historic interest, declared by or under law made by Parliament to be of national importance, from spoliation, dis igurement, destruction, removal, disposal or export. Article 50 - The State shall take steps for the separation of the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State.Article 51 - The State shall endeavour to maintain honourable relation with other nations; promote international peace and security; encourage settlement of international d i s p u t e s b y a r b i t r a t i o n ; r e s p e c t f o r international law and treaty obligations in the dealings of organised people with one another. Other Measures For Protection Of Human Rights - Education about Human Rights should become a part of the general public education. Technical and inancial assistance should be provided to increase increase knowledge knowledge about human rights. Police members and security forces have to be trained to ensure the observation of human rights standards for law enforcement. Law that makes human rights violations illegal, should be c r e a t e d a n d e x i s t i n g l a w s h o u l d b e implemented.policies and programs should be adopted to ensure people have access to their rights.proper reservations in politics and public life should be provided by the Government. Government should provide that women have the same rights as men regarding the nationality of their children. Government should work against the traf icking of women and exploitation of prostitution of women. 174 Shodhshree /April-June 2018

179 References 1. Human Rights & Social Justics Social Action and Services for the Helping & Health Professions By- Joseph Wronka, Spring ield College, SAGE Publication. 2. Human Rights & Social Justics By Varun Naik & Mukesh sahni, Social Justics & Human Rights By Carl Wellman, Washington University St Louis, MO,USA. Publiser Springer Netherlands (1997). 4. Amartya Sen, The Idea Justice, New Delhi: Penguin Books, Conor Greaty and Adam Tomkins (Eds). Understanding HumanRights, London: Manshell, David Beetham, Politics and Human Rights, Oxford: Blackwell, Gurpreet Mahajan Ed., Democracy, Difference & Social Justice, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, Shodhshree /April-June

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