^^ftps gkrh iky.;kph nksjh th txkyk m/nkjh **,d ek gh cpps ds ikyus ls f k{kk dk fodkl djrh gsa ;gh Hkkouk vkxs pydj mlds ks{kf.

Transcription

1 chp esa gh NksM+ nsuh im+rh gsa ^^ftps gkrh iky.;kph nksjh th txkyk m/nkjh **,d ek gh cpps ds ikyus ls f k{kk dk fodkl djrh gsa ;gh Hkkouk vkxs pydj mlds ks{kf.kd] cksf/nd] ekufld,oa kkjhfjd fodkl esa lgk;d gksrh gsa bl n`f Vdks.k ls L=h f k{kk dk vfr egroiw.kz LFkku gsa f k{kk us L=h ds n`f Vdks.k dks gh cny fn;k gsa fcuk f k{kk ds vkt dh L=h Lo;a dks viax eglwl djrh gsa f k{kk us mls,sls vkrefo okl ls Hkj fn;k gs fd og thou ds gj {ks= esa iq: kksa ds lkfk du/kk feykdj pyus dks rs;kj gsa f k{kk dsoy Lo;a mlds O;fDrRo dks fu[kkjus esa lgk;d ugha gs oju~ f k{kk }kjk mlds ifjokj ij Hkh xgjk izhkko im+rk gsa og i<+h fy[kh gs rks cppksa dks Hkh vpnh f k{kk ns ldrh gs] vksj muesa vpns laldkj Mky ldrh gs] cppksa ds Hkfo ; ds fuekz.k esa lg;ksx dj ldrh gsa tslk fd dgk x;k gs ^^f kdysyh vkbz?kj iq<s usbz**a usiksfy;u cksukikvz us Hkh vkn kz jk Vª ds fuekz.k esa vkn kz ekrk dh vko ;drk dk izfriknu fd;k gsa D;ksafd L=h vxj f kf{kr gs rks lcls egroiw.kz ifj.kke mlds cppksa ij im+rk gsa cppk tue ysrs gh f k{kk xzg.k djrk gs vksj ekrk gh mldh izfke xq: gksrh gsa ftlizdkj dqegkj xhyh fev~vh dks vkdkj nsrk gs mlh izdkj eka cpps ds O;fDrRo dk fuekz.k djrh gsa f kf{kr L=h fdlh Hkh izdkj dh dfbukbz ls tw>us dh {kerk j[krh gs D;ksafd f k{kk }kjk mlesa ekufld LokfHkeku vk tkrk gsa ifjokj dks vkffkzd lgk;rk vksj lekt esa izfrf Br LFkku fnykus ds fy, o Lo;a dks kkjhfjd vksj ekufld :i ls LoLFk j[kus ds fy, o vcyk ds :i esa thou O;rhr u dj ds lcyk ds :i esa thou O;rhr djus ds fy, L=h dk f kf{kr gksuk vko ;d gsa f kf{kr L=h vius llqjky o vius ek;ds dk Hkh dy;k.k djrh gsa tslk fd igys ns[k pqds gsa fd izkphu dky esa fl=;ksa dks f k{kk ds volj izkir ugha Fks vksj nqhkkzx; ls vkt ns k esa dbz,sls finm+s {ks= gs tgka ym+fd;ksa dk i<+uk fy[kuk vko ;d ugha le>k tkrk gs] vxj og f k{kk dh kq:okr Hkh djrh gs rks dksbz u dksbz vojks/k ds dkj.k f k{kk chp esa gh NksM+ nsuh im+rh gsa bl dkj.k,d f kf{kr efgyk vksj,d vf kf{kr efgyk ds n`f Vdks.k esa cgqr cm+k vurj ns[kus dks feyrk gsa varr% izlrqr kks/k v/;;u ds ek/;e ls lekt esa flfkr f kf{kr&vf kf{kr nksuksa gh

2 laoxz dh efgykvksa dk v/;;u ;g Li V djrk gs fd ifjokj ds izca/ku fu;kstu,oa O;oLFkkiu ij efgykvksa ds fopkjksa dk] dk;ziz.kkyh dk ifjokj ds izr;sd lnl;ij xgjk izhkko im+rk gsa ftldk fo kn~ v/;;u vkxs v/;k;ksa esa fd;k x;k gsa iwoz 'kks/k v/;;u dh leh{kk % L=h f'k{kk vksj fl=;ksa ds O;ogkj vkpj.k n`f"vdks.k o lkekftd] vkffkzd] jktusfrd {ks= esa mudh Hkwfedkvksa dks ysdj ; fi dqn u dqn lekpkj i=ksa] if=dkvksa] 'kks/k v/;;uksa esa fy[kk tkrk jgk gs ijurq fo'ks"kdj efgykvksa ds O;fDreRo LoHkko ds lkfk muds ifjokj izca/ku ij mruk vf/kd v/;;u ugha fd;k x;k gsa fons'kksa esa fd;s x, izeq[k 'kks/k v/;;u % fons'kksa esa Hkh fo'ks"kdj if'peh ns'kksa esa Hkh L=h;ksa ds fofo/k igyqvksa ij f'k{k.k lacaf/kr vla[; 'kks/k v/;;u fd;s x, gs] muesas ls izeq[k dj & 1- vk;yks tsu;w ÝkUlhl] ¼efuyk fo kihb] 1977½] ^Involvement by choice : The Role of women in Development. Social Survey Research Unit (Naga City)* 2- xksmlsy MCyw ¼U;w;kWdZ fo kihb 1923½] ^Education of Women its Social background and its Problems.* 3- U;w>e ts ¼yaMu fo kihb½] ^Education of girls in London* 4-,OgkU;q dwycmz ¼iWfjl ;qfuogjflvh 1952½ Access of women of education issued* 5- V M,e ¼iWfjl ;qfuogjflvh 1954½ Education of Women for Citizenship - Paris* Hkkjr esa fd, x, izeq[k 'kks/k v/;;u % Bapat, S. S. A s tudy of at ti tude s of wom en i n rural ar ea s towa rd s education,. Ph. D. Education, Shivaji University. kks/k ds izeq[k mís ; & 1- xzkeh.k {ks= ds fodkl esa efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh dk irk yxkuka 2- xzke fodkl ds lanhkz esa f k{kk dks ysdj efgykvksa dh lghkkxhrk dk v/;;u djuka 3- xzke ds lok±xh.k fodkl esa f kf{kr,oa vf kf{kr efgykvksa ds ospkfjd n`f Vdks.k dks le>uka 4- efgyk nkf;ro ds :i esa ifjokj] lekt o xzke fodkl ds lanhkz esa mudh dk;kzredrk o

3 jpukredrk ds xq.kksa dk irk yxkuka kks/k ds izeq[k fu d kz % 1- xzkeh.k {ks= esa efgykvksa dh dk;kzred Hkkxhnkjh ds izfr 43% efgykvksa us dgk fd os dq ky&vdq ky nksuksa gh izdkj ds dk;z nkf;roksa dk fuokzgu djrh gsa 2-28% efgykvksa us ekuk fd os f kf{kr gs ijurq os nwljh vf kf{kr efgykvksa dks Hkh f kf{kr dj lk{kj dj fodkl] vkrefuhkzjrk dh eq[; fopkjèkkjk ls tksm+uk pkgrs gsa 3- ifjokj fodkl ij im+usokys izhkko ds izfr 89% us dgk fd muds fopkjksa dks ifjokj o lekt nksuksa gh txg egro fn;k tkrk gsa 4-27% efgyk,a pkgrh gs fd os?kj dh pkj fnokjh ls fudydj ckgj fof k V lsokvksa ds {ks= esa inkiz.k dj viuh dk;kzred dq kyrk] n{krk] {kerk o jpukred izca/kxq.k {kerk ls jpukred dk;ksz dks djsaa Bokil, B. G., 1987 Education of Ruler Women Ph. D. Edu., Puna U., kks/k ds izeq[k mís ; % 1- xzkeh.k {ks= dh efgykvksa ds ks{kf.kd Lrj dks tkuuka 2- efgykvksa ds lkekftd,oa vkffkzd fodkl dks le>us ds fy, mudh iwoz lkekftd flfkfr dk v/;;u djuka 3- efgykvksa ds ifjokjksa ij im+usokys lkekftd o vkffkzd n`f Vdks.k ds fodkl esa mudh Hkwfedk dks le>uka 4- f kf{kr vksj vf kf{kr efgykvksa ds ifjokj ij muds fopkjksa ds izhkko dks le>uk egroiw.kz gsa kks/k ds izeq[k fu d kz % 1- xzkeh.k {ks= dh 80% efgyk,a f k{kk vhkko esa vkrefuhkzjrk dh eq[;/kkjk ls oafpr gsa 2-30% efgykvksa us ikfjokfjd] lkekftd Hkkxhnkjh esa Lora= :i ls dk;z djus dh ckr dgha 3- xzkeh.k {ks= dh 43% us Lo;a dk Ñf k dk;z esa layxu crk;ka 4- xzkeh.k {ks= dh 39% efgyk;sa LokLF; lsokvksa ds izfr laosnu khy rfkk 68% us dgk fd tc tks lsok fey tkrh gs os ykhk mbk ysrh gsa

4 5-75% efgykvksa us dgk fd kkldh; ;kstukvksa dh mugsa tkudkjh ugha fey ikrh gs rfkk 18% efgykvksa us ltx o tkx:d jgdj ykhk ysus dh ckr dghaa clq] ;q- Female Education in Bihar from 1904 A.D. to the Present day. Ph. D. Thesis, ivuk fo kihb] ivuk fcgkj] 1975 kks/k v/;;u ds }kjk fcgkj jkt; dh efgykvksa dh f k{kk ds izfr mis{kk ds dkj.k dk irk yxkuk rfkk lel;k ds izfr mik; fu;kstu djuk izeq[k mís ; FkkA v½ c½ d½ fu d kz % 1½ 2½ 3½ L=h f k{kk ds izfr vkkurk ds dkj.kksa dk irk yxkuka efgykvksa ds izfr izkfkfed f k{kk dks mpp ntkz iznku djuka ek/;fed f k{k.k esa fokku fo k; ds v/;;u dk lekos k djuka kklu}kjk 1919 & 1927 ds e/; fd;s x, ym+fd;ksa ij nqxuk [kpz fd;s tkus ds ckotwn dkj.kksa dk visf{kr ifj.kke u feyus ds izeq[k dkj.kksa dk irk yxkuka ckyfookg] inkz izfkk L=h izf k{k.k dh xq.korrk dk vhkkoa ym+fd;ksa ds f k{k.k ds izfr ikydksa esa fujlrk izeq[k jgh gsa iatkc] eslwj] if pe caxky dh rqyuk esa bu dkj.kksa ds dkj.k fcgkj esa de izxfrns[kh x;h gs ftldk izeq[k dkj.k vkffkzd foiuurka e/;e o fueu ifjokjksa esa L=h f k{kk ds izfr vfo oluh;rka izksrlkgu dk vhkko izeq[k ik;k x;ka ckdj] Mh-,e- ^^A study of Women Students Value Goals and conflict regarding studies career social life and Marriage.** Ph. D. Thesis, eqacbz fo kihb] eqecbz 1973 ;g kks/k v/;;u o.kzukred i/nfr ij vk/kkfjr lekt kkl= fo k; ds rgr efgyk fo kffkz;ksa ds ewy;] n kzu] muds Hkfo ;xr igywvksa] lkekftd thou rfkk fookg vkfn ds igywvksa ij vk/kkfjr gsa 1- ikyd lewg ds rgr 3@4 firk rfkk 9@10% ekrk f k{k.k izkir ugha gsa 2-75% fl=;ksa esa ls,d gh dksbz efgyk ih<+h esa inoh f k{kk rd ik;h x;ha 3- dqn fl=;ka dkyst fcuk mís ; ds tkrh gs] rks dqn uksdjh ikus ds n`f Vdks.k ls dkwyst tkrh gsa 4-12% ifjokjksa dh ea kk gs fd inoh f k{kk izkirgksus ds mijkar uksdjh djuk pkfg,a

5 5- nf{k.k Hkkjrh; ikydx.k ym+ds&ym+fd;ksa esa nkslrkuk O;ogkj ;k vu; fj rk gs rfkk ilun ugha djrs ;k vuqfpr ekurs gsa 6- os khkw kk] ds khkw kk ij T;knk [kpz dks mfpr u ekudj cafn k dks egro nsrs gsa 7- if peh lalñfr flusek½ ds izhkko dks f k{kk ij gkoh ekurs gsa 8- rykd ds dkj.kksa esa 1@4 fo kffkz;ksa esa os/kkfud fookg mfpr ekurs ifjflfkfr fufezrh ij rykd Hkh ysus dks rrij jgrs gsa culky] vt; ^^A study of need differences among urban high school boys and girls at difference of general intelligence and socioeconomic status.** Ph. D. Thesis, dosz fo kihb] 1977 ek/;fed Lrj ij ym+fd;ksa esa lkeku; cksf/nd Lrjh; {kerk dh fofo/krk dk v/;;u kksèk ds izeq[k mís ; gsa vr% bl lunhkz esa & 1- ym+fd;ksa ds fy, ikfjokfjd&lkekftd ifjos k dh izhkko khyrk dk v/;;u djuk rfkk 2- ym+fd;ksa ij lkekftd&vkffkzd&ospkfjd ncko khyrk dk v/;;u djuka fpigw.kdj] th-,e- ^^Scientific basic of Women s Education** Ph. D. Thesis, Patna Vidyapeeth, Patna, 1930 ym+ds&ym+fd;ksa esa kkjhfjd cukov rfkk ospkfjd fofo/krk dk kks/k ij[k v/;;u] mudh :fp]dyk ds vuqlkj muds v/;;uij gksusokyk osf k V; ifj.kke dks tkuus ds fy, kks/k fd;k x;k gsa 1- ym+ds&ym+fd;ksa dh cksf/nd {kerkuqlkj fo k; p;u dh izeq[krk dk v/;;u djuka 2- ym+ds&ym+fd;ksa dh :fp ds izfr fo k; p;u dh izkfkfedrk ds lkfk jpukredrk ¼dyk½ ys[ku] [ksy] ÑfrRo] odr`ro rfkk izfrhkk muu;u ds izfr yxko dks le>uka v/;;u ls Li V fd ym+ds&ym+fd;ksa esa dk;kzred {kerk ds vuq:i fo k;p;u dh iw.kz Lora=rk jgrh gs rfkk vlqyrk ij fujk kk ds izfr ospkfjd n`f Vdks.k esa Hkh fhkuurk ns[kh x;h gsa fpv.khl],e ^^Traditional stereotypes and Roles of women. A Report on a st ud y on Co- ed uca ti on and P rof es siona l e ducat ion a s f ac tors influencing the

6 Attitudes and outlook of girls in Bombay City. ** Ph. D. Thesis, eqecbz fo kihb] :<h] ijeijkxr fl=;ksa ds dk;z] lgf k{k.k] O;kolkf;d f k{k.k] mudk crkzo rfkk ifjorzu dk kks/k v/;;u eqecbz kgj ds egkfo ky;ksa dh ym+fd;ksa ij fd;k x;k gsa 1- ijeijkxr f k{kk ds izfr ym+fd;ksa dk :>ku dks tkuuka 2- :<hxr ospkfjdrk ds nq izhkkoksa dks tkuuka 3- lgf k{k.k ds izfr ym+fd;ksa esa f k{k.k xq.kkredrk o jpukredrk ds izhkkoksa dks tkuuka nslkbz] lh- Mh ^^Girls Access to School Education in Gujarat State. A study of factors and in historical perspective** Ph. D. Thesis, eqecbz fo kihb] ;g kks/k v/;;u o.kzukred i/nfr ds }kjk fd;k x;k gsa kks/k ds rgr & 1- xqtjkr jkt; dh efgykvksa dk lkozhkkse fo ys k.kkred v/;;u dh :ijs[kka 2- /kez] J/nk] jhfrfjokt] O;ogkj&vkpj.k] jktusfrd okrkoj.k] iz kkldh; fu d kz % O;oLFkk] jpukred,oa dk;kzred] fookg tkfr ewy; rfkk vkffkzd ifjflfkfr ds rgr L=hf k{kk ij i<+usokys ifj.kke dk kks/k djuk] izeq[k gsa 1- izkphu dky esa ym+fd;ksa dks ym+dksa ds leku miu;u laldkj dk vf/kdkj FkkA ftlds rgr mugsa f k{k.k o /kkfezd v/;;u dk vf/kdkj izkir FkkA 2-13 oha krkcnh esa vk;ks± dk fookg vuk;ks± ds e/; gksus ls vuk;ksz ym+fd;ksa dks osfnd xzafkksa ds okpu&ikbu dk vf/kdkj u gksus ls xgjk izhkko im+ka d- i pkr vkxs ejkbk] eqxy dky vkus ls inkzizfkk dk vfohkkzo gksus ls ym+fd;ksa ds [k- f k{k.k ij finm+kiu dk izhkko im+ka efgykvksa esa f k{k.k dh izxfr dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, fø p;u vksj >ksjk us Hkjld iz;kl fd;sa x- jkt; Lrjij jkt; ljdkjksa us f k{k.k dh mfpr tckcnkjh yha?k- QyLo:i xqtjkr esa L=hf k{kk esa izxfr gksus yxha ³- f k{kk ds c<+rs izhkko ds dkj.k tkfrizfkk vksj lkeqfgd ikfjokfjd O;oLFkk ij izhkko im+us ds ckotwn fookg dh vk;q 14 ls c<+dj 16 o kz gks x;ha nos] Ogh-,e ^^A Study of Institutionalized Deliquent Girls** Ph.D. Thesis,

7 xqtjkr fo kihb] kks/k v/;;u ds rgr viax ym+fd;ksa dh lalfkkvksa dk v/;;u fd;k x;ka 1- viax ym+fd;ksa esa f k{kk ds izfr O;ogkfjd n`f Vdks.k dks tkuuka 2- ym+fd;ksa esa uksdjh,oa?kjsyw dk;ksz ds izfr nkf;frod fteesnkjh;ksa dk foospu djuka 3- viax ym+fd;ksa fd kkjhfjd,oa ekufld cksf/nd {kerkvksa dk ks{kf.kd] ospkfjd jgk gsa n`f Vdks.k ds izfr mudh dk;kzredrk,oa jpukredrk dks tkuuk izeq[k v/;;u xka/kh] ok;- vkj ^^Development of Women s Education in Greater Bombay** Ph. D. Thesis, dosz fo kihb]1907 ks{kf.kd kks/k v/;;u ds rgr efgykvksa dh O;ogkjkRed ekiu dk v/;;ua ls 1974 ds rgr o`gn~ eqecbz dh L=h f k{k.k izxfr dk ewy;kadua 2- ek/;fed f k{k.k izkir L=h f k{k.k ds fy, lgk;rk djusokys fcunwvksa dk kks/k fu d kz % ij[k vè;;ua % efgyk,oa 69-7% iq: k oǹg eqecbz esa f kf{kr FksA 2- prqfkz iapo khz; ;kstuk esa izkfkfed f k{k.k esa 99-6% rfkk 70-1% ym+fd;ksa dk iath;u ik;k x;ka ijurq fdugh dkj.kksa ls os kkyk ls fudy x;h rfkk dqn Qsy gks x;ha QyLo:i ;g izfr kr c<+dj 59% ls 70% gks x;ka 3-8 oha] 11 oha] 12 oha esa 50-2% ymds] 47-4% ym+fd;ksa dk iath;u fd;k x;ka 4- o`gn eqecbz esa 1973&74 esa iwoz izkfkfed esa 45-6%] izkfkfed esa 46%] ek/;fed oxz esa 42%] rfkk dyk] okf.kt;,oa fokku esa iath;u dk izek.k 14% gh FkkA 5- ym+fd;ksa dk Lo;a dk vkrefo okl L=h f k{k.k izxfr dk izeq[k vk/kkjhkqr?kvd FkkA 6- ym+fd;ksa o ym+dksa dh f k{kk esa vktrd Hkh lekurk dk ntkz ugha gsa xks[kkus],u ^^Role Change A Sociological Study of Female Students** Ph. D. Thesis, jktlfkku fo kihb]

8 bl fo k; ij la;qdr,oa,dkdh ifjokj lajpuk dk lekt kkl=h orzukred ¼O;ogkjkRed½ v/;;u ls fu d kz izkir fd;k x;ka ifjokj ds vafre ym+ds&ym+fd;ksa esa (Selfestem level) ugha ik;k x;ka BDdj] ih-,u ^ ^ D e ve l opm e nt of f e m a le e duc a ti on in G uj a r at a f t e r independence** Ph. D. Thesis, xqtjkr fo kihb] Lora=rk izkfir ds i pkr xqtjkr izkar dh L=h f k{k.k izxfr dk o.kzukred kks/k v/;;u dk iz;kl fd;k x;ka fu d kz % 1- xqtjkr izkar esa ym+fd;ksa ds izkfkfed o ek/;fed f k{k.k dh fdlh dkj.ko k mudk kkyk NksM+us dk izek.k dk v/;;u fd;k x;ka 2- c<+rs izek.k ds lkfk usfrd ewy;ksa esa Hkh visf{kr ifj.kke dh vko ;drk FkhA 3- vkffkzd izxfr ls efgyk f k{kk dk fodkl gqvk gsa 4- lkekftd jhfrfjokt] ewy;] fo okl ds izfr ifj.kkekred ifj.kke ik, x,a mijksdr fcunwvksa ds rgr v/;;u ls irk pyk fd xqtjkr izkar esa ym+fd;ksa dh f k{kk esa rhljk LFkku rfkk 1971 esa ;g ifj.kke Mcy gks x;ka bej] ts ^^Women in labour force and their educational composition** Ph. D. Thesis, eqacbz fo kihb] eqacbz] mijksdr fo k;kurxzr ks{kf.kd O;kolkf;d orzukred la kks/ku }kjk fueufyf[kr kks/k rf; ik, x, & 1- f k{k.k ds }kjk efgykvksa esa dk;z khy osrfud kfdr dk fodkl gks jgk gsa 2-15 ls 59 vk;qoxz dh efgykvksa esa gh fø;kred {kerkvksa dk fodkl ns[kk x;k gsa 3- dk;z khy efgykvksa esa ek/;fed Lrj rd mrrh.kz izek.k ¼1981 esa 5 yk[k ls 10 yk[k dh o`f/n½ izxfr ns[kh x;ha tsu] ds-1994 ^^Personality study of adolescent Girls with specific reference to the students in the girls college of Allahabad.** Ph. D. Thesis, jktlfkku fo kihb] bykgkckn du;k egkfo ky; dh ym+fd;ksa dk fd kksjkolfkk esa O;fDreRo vksj ifjorzu ds izhkkoh dkj.kksa dk fooj.kkred kks/k v/;;u fd;k x;ka 1- ym+fd;ksa dh mez vuqlkj lksp,oa O;ogkj dk v/;;ua 2- ym+fd;ksa esa vk;q] f k{kk] O;ogkj,oa ifjos k ds izhkko dk kks/k v/;;ua

9 3- ym+fd;ksa esa mez ds izfr cnyrs ospkfjd n`f Vdks.k] lkekftd ewy;ksa dh xq.korrk] nkf;frod lghkkfxrk rfkk O;fDreRo ds izfr xahkhjrk ds igywvksa dk kks/k v/;;u fd;k x;ka dkdms] ikvhy izfeyk ] 1988 ^^An Analytical Study of the present role of Educated Women as against the role expectations by the protagonists of women s Education in modern period.** Ph. D. Thesis, ukxiqj fo kihb] mdr la kks/ku ds }kjk kks/k v/;;u esa izkir rf;ksa ls Kkr gksrk gs fd & 1- f k{k.k ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa esa cksf/nd] kkjhfjd] HkkoukRed kfdr dk fodkl rsth ls ik;k x;ka 2- efgykvksa ds fy, cgqmís kh; vh;kløe ds fu;kstu ek/;e ls mugsa f k{k.k laf/k ds volj csgrj izkir gq;s gsa 3- efgykvksa esa v/;kre ewy;ksa dk fuekz.k djus esa f k{k.k,d dkjxj igy lkchr gqvk gsa dkyszokj] jtuh 1993 ^^fl=;kap;k dkagh eqyhkwr O;fDrxr LoHkko osf k V;kaoj f k{k.kkpk gks.kkjk ifj.kke,d rksykfud v/;;u-** Ph. D. Thesis, ukxiqj fo kihb] mdr lkekftd ks{kf.kd kks/k v/;;u ds ek/;e ls ;g tkuuk fd & 1- efgykvksa ds O;ogkj n`f Vdks.k ds izfr muds LoHkko osf k V; dk v/;;u djuka 2- efgykvksa dh :fp] LoHkko] vknr] izo`frr dk ifjokj izca/ku ij izhkko dks tkuuka 3- efgykvksa dh LokHkkfod lksp] vkpj.k] O;ogkj dk rqyukred v/;;u djuka 4- f kf{kr&vf kf{kr efgykvksa ds e/; ospkfjd osf k V;rk dk rqyukred v/;;u djuka esgrk] ohjsunz 1974 ^^Women s Attitude towards Socials Issues concerning women and associated factors.** Ph. D. Thesis, xksj[kiqj fo kihb] mijksdr fo k; ds rgr orzukred kks/k izo`frr }kjk efgykvksa dh lkekftd :fp] izhkko rfkk muds la;qdr rf;ksa dk v/;;u fd;k x;k gsa bl lunhkz esa fueu rf;ksa dks vk/kkj cuk;k x;k& 1- fookfgr rfkk vfookfgr efgykvksa ds ckjs esa v/;;ua 2- fgunw&eqlyeku efgykvksa ij ;g v/;;u fd;k x;ka

10 3- vkffkzd Lrj ij ofj B izdkj dh rfkk dfu B Lrjh; vkffkzd ntkz izkir efgykvksa dks vkèkkj cuk;k x;ka 4- f kf{kr&vf kf{kr ikfjokfjd efgykvksa ds e/; flfkr vurj dk v/;;u [kkstk x;ka 5- oskkfud lw>cq> ;qdr efgykvksa o /kez ijk;.k fl=;ksa ds e/; vurj dks [kkstk x;ka v- v/;;u esa ik;k fd efgyk,sa f k{kk }kjk vkffkzd Lora=rk }kjk jkstxkjh dks izkfkfedrk nsrh gsa c- efgyk,sa uksdjh o fookg nksuksa dks egrro nsrh gsa l- efgyk,sa jktuhfr {ks= esa Hkh fo ks k :fp ysdj lsok nkf;ro ds folrkj ds izfr xahkhj ns[kh x;h gsa fejk],y- 1961^^Education of Women in India from 1921 to 1955** Ph. D. Thesis, lkxj fo kihb] mdr fo k;kurxzr 1921 ls 1955 dh dkykof/k esa Hkkjrh; fl=;ksa dh ks{kf.kd fopkj/kkjk dk,sfrgkfld,oa o.kzukred la kks/ku fd;k x;ka bl lunhkz esa & 1- bl dkykof/k esa efgykvksa dh ks{kf.kd :fp] izxfr o lfø;rk dk ewy;kadu fd;k x;ka 2- efgykvksa dh lkekftd & vkffkzd flfkfr dk fo ys k.kkred v/;;u fd;k x;ka 3- efgykvksa dk uksdjh] O;olk;,oa fookg ds izfr vfhker dks tkuus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k FkkA esgrk] ih ^^Attitude and choices of college girls in Rajasthan** Ph. D. Thesis, jktlfkku fo kihb] mijksdr fo k;kurxzr fueu mís ; ds rgr kks/k v/;;u fd;k x;k & 1- ym+fd;ksa esa f k{kk ds izfr :fp rfkk fo k; p;u dk n`f Vdks.kA 2- ym+fd;ksa esa ikb~;øe fo k; dk egro rfkk uksdjh ds izfr :>kua 3- ym+fd;ksa dk f k{k.k ds izfr lkekftd&vkffkzd {ks= esa lghkkxh ;ksxnku izeq[k kks/k mís ; FksA Mohapatra P. L A Comparative study of views of Adult Literate and Illeterate women towards early marriage and family size. Ph. D. Education, Uttakal University, Orrissa, kks/k ds izeq[k mís ; %

11 1- f kf{kr vksj vf kf{kr efgykvksa ds fopkjksa dks tkuuka 2- f kf{kr efgykvksa dk ifjokj ij im+usokys izhkko dks le>uka 3- f kf{kr vksj vf kf{kr efgykvksa ds fookg dh lkekftd fteesnkjh dk fo ys k.k djuka 4- f kf{kr vksj vf kf{kr efgykvksa ds fopkjksa dk ifjokj] lekt] laxbu] lalfkk] leqnk; ij im+usokys izhkko dk rqyukred vè;;u djuka kks/k ds izeq[k fu d kz % 1-40% vf kf{kr efgykvksa us dgk fd mugsa ifjokj dh kknh&c;kg esa ospkfjd lg;ksx gsrq egro ugha fn;k tkrk gsa 2-58% f kf{kr efgykvksa us crk;k fd muds fopkjksa dks lkekftd] ikfjokfjd] èkkfezd vuq Bkuksa esa fo ks k egro fn;k tkrk gsa 3-63% vf kf{kr efgykvksa dk Li Vhdj.k gs fd mugsa gh x`glfkh ds dk;ks± esa lnso O;Lr jguk im+rk gsa 4-79% f kf{kr efgykvksa us crk;k fd mudks tgk?kjksa ds dk;ks± esa iq: k laoxz ls lg;ksx feyrk gs] ogha muds fopkjksa dks izksrlkfgr fd;k tkrk gsa 5-30% vf kf{kr efgyk,a vdq ky dk;ks± esa layxu jgdj ifjokj izca/ku ds fy, lnso fø;k khy jgrh gs ogha 60% f kf{kr efgyk,a ckgjh ifjos k esa fofo/k lsokdk;ks± esa viuh lsok,a iznku djrh gsa uk;mw] oh ^^Career orientation and professional preparation among the women, teacher s trainees of the college of Education in Madhya Pradesh.** Ph. D. Thesis, jktlfkku fo kihb] e/;izns k jkt; esa fl=;ksa esa jkstxkj vksj O;olk; ds izfr :>ku ns[kus izf kf{kr f k{kdksa dks nh x;h f k{kk dk kks/k ewy;kadu ds rgr fueu fu d kz izkir gq,a 1- efgykvksa esa f k{k.k O;olk; ¼ukSdjh½ ds izfr vkjafhkd ¼izkÑfrd½ LoHkko ik;k x;ka 2- e/;e,oa fueu thou O;kiu djusokyh fl=;ksa esa viuh vkffkzd flfkfruq:i thou ksyh ik;h x;ha 3- efgykvksa esa f k{kd ds jkstxkjizfr,d fuf prrk ns[kh x;ha

12 4- efgykvksa esa?kj&ifjokj o Hkfo ; ds izfr ospkfjd n`f Vdks.k ik;k x;ka 5- fookfgr ikfjokfjd efgyk,a ^ifjokj* dks izeq[k izkfkfedrk nsrh gs rfkk O;olk; jksxtkj dks f}rh; LFkku nsrh gsa 6- fookfgr efgyk,a ikfjokfjd lel;kvksa dk funku o lek;kstu csgrj :i ls djrh gsa ukbzd] ih ^^Education of Women in the province of Bombay ** Ph. D. Thesis, eqacbz fo kihb] o kz 1918 ls 1947 ds e/; ckecs izkar esa efgykvksa dh f k{kk ds izfr v/;;u ls fueu rf; izkir gq, 1- efgykvksa dks f k{kk xzg.k esa lkekftd vojks/kksa ls ospkfjdrk vr;kf/kd izhkkfor gqbz gsa 2- efgykvksa esa f k{k.k ds izfr :>ku c<+us ds lkfk gh jkstxkj ds izfr :fp c<+us yxha 3- efgykvksa us ifjokj dh fteesnkjh dks igyh izkfkfedrk iznku djus ds lkfk&lkfk vkffkzd vkrefuhkzjrk ds izfr tkx:drk ns[kh x;ha N.I.E.P.A Women s Education in India A Regional Dimension New Delhi, (A Survey Report) Kapoor, M A Study of extension education programmes for women with special reference to family life education Ph. D. Soc. work IMI, Kanpur (U. P.) kks/k ds izeq[k mís ; % 1- lekt fodkl esa efgykvksa ds dk;z nkf;ro dh Hkwfedk dks le>uka 2- lekt ds lok±xh.k fodkl esa muds O;olkf;d,oa ikfjokfjd fodkl dh vèkkslajpuk esa mudh Hkwfedk dks tkuuka 3- ifjokj ds fodkl ds folrkj esa efgykvksa dh i` BHkwfe dks le>uka 4- efgykvksa ds xq.kkred,oa jpukred fodkl ds fy, fd;s tkusokys iz;klksa dks le>uk gsa kks/k v/;;u ls izkir izeq[k fu d kz % 1- f k{kk ds O;k;hdj.k ds rgr 68% efgykvksa us crk;k fd ljdkj }kjk lapkfyr f k{kk folrkj dk;zøeksa dh mugsa dksbz tkudkjh ugha gsa 24% us dgk fd mugsa tkudkjh gsa rfkk os ykhk ls tqm+h Hkh gsa

13 2- f k{kk vhkko ds pyrs 47% efgykvksa us dgk fd mugksaus ifjokj ds lg;ksx ls viuh vkxs dh f k{kk dks iw.kz fd;k gsa 3- ifjokj ds cppksa ds fy, ks{kf.kd izca/ku djus esa ifjokj ls 36% efgykvksa dks vr;kfèkd lg;ksx izkir gqvk lkfk gh mugsa f k{kk folrkjhdj.k dk Hkh ykhk feyk gsa 4-88% efgykvksa us dgk fd f k{kk ds folrkjhdj.k ds dkj.k gh rfkk ykhk ysus ls mudh lkekftd] vkffkzd o LokoyEch; izfr Bk c<+h gs ftlls os xksjokfuor eglwl djrh gsa 5- f k{kk folrkjhdj.k dk lgh&lgh ewy;kadu u gksus ds lanhkz esa 67% efgykvksa us dgk fd mugsa vkxs Hkh ykhk ;kstukvksa ls tksm+s tkus dh ekax dh ftldk vhkko mugsa csgn~ [kyrk gsa dksj] izhkkt;ksfr] 1976 ^^A career study of Higher Secondary Girls of Delhi with reference to a career planning programme for them.** Ph. D. Thesis, fnyyh f k{k.k fo kihb] bl fo k; ij o.kzukred kks/k i/nfr ls kks/k v/;;u dj fueu rf; izkir gq;s & 1- ym+fd;ksa esa thou ksyh ds izfr vk;q] dk;z khyurk vksj LFkk;h :i ls dke ds izfr fo ks k yxko ik;k x;ka 2- bl lunhkz esa LFkk;h&vLFkk;h dk;kzredrk dk Hkh fo ks k izhkko ns[kk x;ka 3- izñfr ds lkfk ifjflfkfrd lek;kstu dj thou thus ds izfr fo ks k egro ik;k x;ka 4- ym+fd;ksa esa ^ik;yv*] ^f k{kd* izf k{k.k] jkstxk,j dks izfke izkfkfedrk rfkk fyfidh; jkstxkj dks dfu B LFkku iznku djrh gsa ijkatis],y-,e ^^An Investigation in the problems of women primary teachers working in Poona** Ph. D. Thesis, iq.ks fo kihb] mdr fo k; lunhkz esa o.kzukred ks{kf.kd O;olk; kks/k v/;;u ds rgr efgykvksa dh dk;z khy lel;kvksa dk kks/k v/;;u fd;k x;k & 1- izkfkfed f k{k.k v/;;u khy efgykvksa dh lel;kvksa esa izeq[k :i ls ^le; o LFkku

14 dh nwjh* izeq[k lel;k ik;h x;h gsa 2- ifjokj dh fteesnkjh ds izfr lnso fpurkrhr jgus ls ekufld ruko ls ikfjokfjd x`gdyg esa o`f/n ns[kh x;ha 3- cppksa ij T;knk /;ku u nsus ls f k{kk] LokLF; o kkjhfjd Lrj rfkk cksf/nd {kerk izhkkfor gksus dk nq%[k] ruko T;knk ik;k x;ka 4- ifjokj dh fteesnkjh ds c<+us rfkk f k{k.k O;olk; ds izfr Hkh nks;e Hkwfedk ds pyrs lkekftd thou ksyh izhkkfor gqbz gsa lk[kjs] lhek] 1977 ^^A Sample Survey of Women s opinion and Behaviour relating to family life as Co-relates of Education.** Ph. D. Thesis, ukxiqj fo kihb] mdr kks/k v/;;ukurxzr ik;k fd & 1- vf/kdka k efgykvksa esa fookg gksus dks gh igyh lqyrk ;k lq[kh thou ekurh gsa 2- vf/kdrj efgyk,a fookg dks /kkfezd ca/ku ekurh gsa 3- efgyk,a ekurh gs fd 21 ls 25 vk;q oxz gh fookgthou ds fy, lokszrre mez gsa 4- fookg dh mez esa ifr&iruh ds e/; dkqh vurj gksus ls ikfjokfjd] lkekftd fu;kstu izcaèku esa tfvyrk ns[kh x;ha 5- ltkrh; fookg dks gh igyh izkfkfedrk nsusokyh efgyk, T;knk vkrefo oklh o T;knk lq[kh thou ksyh ekurh gsa vurjtkrh; fookg dks efgykvksa us udkj fn;ka 6- la;qdr ifjokj O;oLFkk dk lkekftd fodkl esa izeq[k fodklkred?kvd ekurh gs rfkk,dkdh ifjokj dks ifjokj fodkl esa rukoxzlr] fo?kvu rfkk volknxzlr ds :i esa lksprh gsa kekz],l ^^Some personality characteristic of female college students of different socioeconomic back-grounds.** Ph. D. Thesis, iv.kk fo kihb] mdr kks/k fo k; ds rgr o.kzukred i/nfr ls lkekftd losz{k.k esa ik;k fd & 1- efgykvksa esa vkrefuhkzj cuus dh {kerk] lkekftd tkx:drk dk rhoz fodkl rfkk jktuhfr {ks= esa lsoknkf;ro ds izfr :>ku c<+k gsa 2- vkilh HkkbZpkjk] fj rksa ds izfr lkekftd nkf;frodrk rfkk ldkjkred lksp ls

15 HkkoukRed {kerk dk rsth ls fodkl gqvk gsa 3- fofo/k vkffkzd] lkekftd {ks=h; ifjos k dh dkyst ym+fd;ksa esa lekt izxfr ds izfr rvlfkrk] izr;sd lekt oxz dk fodkl] ks k le; esa dk;z khy cus jguk] lewg e/; lkeatl;] usr`ro Hkkouk dk fodkl rsth ls c<+k gsa lq/kk] ch- th ^^A study of a few socio-psychological factors in relation to the problems of Adolescent Girls of the Age group Ten to Sixteen.** Ph. D. Thesis, caxyksj fo kihb] mdr fo k; vurxzr 10 ls 16 vk;q oxz dh fd kksjh du;kvksa ij v/;;u dj ik;k fd& 1- bl vk;q dh ym+fd;ksa ds e/; mudh lel;kvksa ds izfr funkukred lksp thou y{;rk] /kkfezd lksp rfkk lalñfr ds jhfrfjoktksa ds izfr T;knk vkd kz.k gksrk gsa 2- ogha xzkeh.k Lrjh; ym+fd;ksa esa dfbu lel;kvksa ls la?k kz djus] vhkkoksa esa jgus rfkk lel;kvksa dks gy djus dk igys o lksp T;knk gksrk gs ijurq kgjh ym+fd;ksa esa usfrdrk] v/;kre rfkk euksjatu dk;ks± esa T;knk layxurk] :fp ns[kh x;ha 3- føf p;u ym+fd;ksa dh vis{kk fgunw /kez dh ym+fd;ksa esa fo k;ksa ds izfr xahkhjrk T;knk ns[kh x;ha 4- vf/kd vk;q esa kknh & yxu dh T;knk pkg ik;h x;ha lsb],l ^^The Adjustment problems of female adolescents A sociological study of 500 female Teenagers of Lucknow City.** Ph. D. Thesis, y[kuå fo kihb] mdr lekt kkl=h; kks/k v/;;u ds rgr fd kksjkolfkh; efgykvksa ¼13 ls 19 vk;qoxz½ dh lel;kvksa dk o.kzukred kks/k v/;;u djds ik;k fd 1- efgyk;sa?kj] kkyk] fyax] os;fdrdrk] lkekftd,oa O;kolkf;d fo k;ksa ds izfr xahkhj fpuru khy ns[kh x;ha 2- bl vk;qoxz esa HkkoukRed o vhkkoukred ospkfjd }Un vf/kd ik;k x;ka 3- fyaxhksn dh Hkkouk rfkk vkre fø;k khy ds izfr T;knk rukoxzlrrk ik;h x;ha

16 4- Lora=rk dh Hkkouk dh i{k/kj bl vk;q dh ym+fd;ksa dks fu;a=.k cafn k ds izfr fjdrrk ik;h x;ha 5- lkekftd&vkffkzd Lrj ij vk;q] /kez] fookg flfkfr dks ysdj T;knk rukoxzlr ik;h x;ha lq[koky] ds- Mh ^^Attitudes of married lady teachers towards the teaching profession.** Ph. D. Thesis, mn;iqj fo kihb] fookfgr f kf{kr efgyk f k{kdksa ds ospkfjd n`f Vdks.k dk kks/k v/;;u esa ik;k fd & 1- vf/kdrj efgyk f k{kd mdr f k{k.k O;olk; dks T;knk ilan djrh gsa 2- mez f k{k.k dks /;ku esa j[kdj bu efgykvksa esa O;olk; ds izfr T;knk :>ku] fu Bk] layxurk ik;h x;ha 3- vius v/;kiu vuqhko ds vk/kkjij ikfjokfjd le`f/n] lkekftd izfr Bk ds izfr T;knk fpuru khy ns[kh x;ha 4- viuh ks{kf.kd ;ksx;rk dks c<+kus ds lkfk&lkfk O;olk; dks Hkh T;knk egrro nsrh gas 5- efgykvksa esa O;fDrxr] lkekftd] ks{kf.kd] vkffkzd] O;kolkf;d {ks=ksa esa :fp dks T;knk egrro nsdj vkxs c<+us dh izfrli/kkz ns[kh x;ha 6- fookfgr fl=;ksa esa T;knk lel;k,a ik;h x;h] vis{kkñr f kf{kr efgykvksa dsa Santha, K. C Changing role of women in Indian society and its implication of education Ph. D. Edu. Madras University, Madras. kks/k ds izeq[k mís ; & 1- Hkkjrh; lekt esa efgykvksa dh Hkwfedk dks tkuuka 2- efgykvksa ds lkekftd,oa vkffkzd fodkl ds ;ksxnku dk vè;;u djuka 3- cnyrs ifjn` ; esa efgykvksa dh lkozhkksfed Hkwfedkvksa ds ckjs esa muds ospkfjd n`f Vdks.k dks le>uka 4- ifjokj,oa lekt ds lanhkz esa efgykvksa dk efgykvksa ds izfr cnyrs ospkfjd n`f Vdks.k dk v/;;u djuk egroiw.kz gsa kks/k v/;;u ds izeq[k fu d kz % 1-83% efgyk,a vkt Hkh ;s ekurh gs fd muds lkfk iq: k iz/kku lekt esa vpnk

17 O;ogkj ugha gksrk gs] bl dk dkj.k os iq: kksa dh ladh.kz ekufldrk dks fteesnkj ekurh gsa 2-31% efgykvksa dk er gs fd os viuk dk;z Lo;a gh djrh gsa mugsa dksbz Hkh lg;ksx?kjsyw dk;ks± esa iq: kksa ls ugha feyrk gsa ogha 63% efgyk,a ekurh gs mugsa vktknh rks gs] ijurq ckgj dk;z djus ugha tkus nsrs gsa 3-27% efgykvksa us dgk fd kkldh; ;kstukvksa dh mugsa tkudkjh gh ugha gksrh gs] ogha 61% us dgk fd?kj esa iq: k yksx ckr djrs gs rks mugsa irk pyrk gs fd efgykvksa ds fodkl] mrfkku o LokoyEch cukus ds fy, fdruh ;kstuk,a gs rc irk pyrk gsa 4- nwjn kzu ds c<+rs lkekftd izhkko ds dkj.k mugsa rks lcdqn tkuus dh bpnk gksrh gs ijurq 39% efgyk,a ekurh gs fd nwjn kzu u ns[k ikus rfkk cnyrs HkkSfrdoknh ifjos k esa mugsa u rks eku leeku feyrk gs vksj u gh lkekftd egro gha Sakhare, S. T A sample survey of women s opinion and behaviour relating to family life as correlates of educational status. Ph. D. Nagpur University, kks/k ds izeq[k mís ; & 1- efgykvksa ds O;ogkfjd laca/kksa dh tkudkjh,df=r djuka 2- f kf{kr efgykvksa dk laca/k O;ogkjksa,oa ifjokj fodkl esa mudh Hkwfedk dks le>uka 3- f k{kk ds fodkl ds fy, efgykvksa ds ks{kf.kd fopkjksa dk ifjokj ij imusokys izhkko dk v/;;u djuka 4- O;ogkj n`f Vdks.k ds izfr cnyrs lkekftd laca/kksa dks etcwr cukus esa efgykvksa dh Hkwfedk dk vè;;u djuk izeq[k gsa kks/k ds izeq[k fu d kz % 1-63% efgykvksa us cnyrs lkekftd ifjos k dks orzeku dh izeq[k vko ;drk crk;ka rfkk 20% us dgk fd HkkSfrdoknh ifjorzu ls lkekftd fj rksa esa iwozor e/kqjurk ugha jgh gsa

18 2-54% efgykvksa us ekuk fd muds f kf{kr gksus dk ykhk mugsa gj {ks= esa feyrk gs rfkk 38% efgyk,a ;g ekurh gs fd ifjokj] lekt] laxbu] leqnk;ksa esa mugsa i<s fy[ks gksus ds ckotwn izksrlkgu ugha feyrk gsa 3-88% efgykvksa us losz esa crk;k fd muds fopkjksa dk?kj] ifjokj] lekt dk;zøeksa esa egro fn;k tkrk gsa 4- uohu laca/kksa dks cukus rfkk iqjkus laca/kksa dks tksm+us esa 76% efgyk,a fo ks k :fp j[krh gs os,slk djrh Hkh gsa 5- ifjokj ds lok±xh.k fodkl esa 67% efgykvksa us dgk fd os ru] eu] /ku ls ifjokj fodkl dks o lekt esa lkekftd mrfkku dks egro nsrh gsa ftlesa iq: k laoxksz dk mugsa izr;{k&vizr;{k ykhk Hkh feyrk gsa Tamboli, Achala D De v e lop i ng a s c heme f or inc ula c a ti on of re l i gi os it y modernization and science attitude among educated mothers of secondary school children. Ph. D. Nagpur University, Nagpur. 1- efgykvksa esa mudh dk;z{kerkvksa ds lkfk lkfk lkekftd,oa vkffkzd xfrfof/k;ksa dk lq{e Lrjh; v/;;u djuka 2- efgykvksa dh /kkfezd xfrfof/k;ksa dk lkekftd n`f Vdks.k ls v/;;u djuk rfkk 3- lkekftd nkf;ro fuokzgu djusokyh efgykvksa dk muds ifjokj,oa muds cppksa dk lghkkxh nkf;frod v/;;u djuk izeq[k FkkA Bsis] kqhkkaxh iz-1984 ^^izkfkfed Ldwy esa fo kffkz;ksa ds vh;kl ij nwjn kzu iz{ksi.k dk gksusokyk ifj.kke** ih,p-mh- ¼f k{kk ladk;½ nsoh vfgy;k fo ofo ky;] bunksj ¼e- iz-½ kks/k ds izeq[k mís ; % 1- nwjn kzu iz{ksi.k}kjk izkfkfed Lrjij fo kffkz;ksa ds ks{kf.kd fodkl dgka rd gqvk ;g tkuuka 2- ks{kf.kd nwjn kzu dk f k{kk esa D;k egro gs ;g tku ysuka 3- izkfkfed Lrjij fo kffkz;ksa ds fodkl esa fuekz.k gq;h u;h lel;k dks [kkstuka 4- nwjn kzu iz{ksi.k ls fo kffkz;ksa ds fodkl esa fuekz.k gq;h u;h lel;k dks [kkstuka

19 5- ks{kf.kd nwjn kzu ds xq.k&nks k dh ppkz djuk mijksdr mís ; la kks/kudrhz us la kksèku ds fy;s Bgjk;s gsa kks/k ds izeq[k fu d kz % 1- losz{k.k esa pquko fd;s x;s fo kffkz;ksa ds vykok 98% fo kffkz;ksa ds?kj nwjn kzu lap gs vksj ftlds?kj nwjn kzu lap ugha og fo kffkz imksl esa tkdj dk;zøe ns[krs gsa bl ij ls nwjn kzu ds dk;zøe ns[kus dh bpnk lhkh fo kffkz;ksa dks gs,slk fu d kz esa fn[kk;h fn;ka 2- Lora= O;olk; vksj uksdjh fuferr nksjs ij jgusokys ikyd vius cppksa ds lkfk nwjn kzu ij dk;zøe ns[krs ugh rks eè;eoxhz; yksx vius ikyd ds lkfk nwjn kzu dk;zøe ns[krs gs o mugsa ekxzn kzu Hkh djrs gs,slk losz{k.k esa izkir gqvka 3- nwjn kzu dk mi;ksx izeq[k:i ls euksjatu ds fy;s gh fd;k tkrk gs bldk izeq[k dkj.k Kku nsusokys dk;zøe cksfjax gksrs gs,slk fn[kkbz fn;ka 4- kkys; fo kffkz;ksa ds fy;s nwjn kzu ij tks ks{kf.kd dk;zøe vk;ksftr fd;s tkrs gs mudk le; vksj fo kffkz;ksa ds kkyk dk le;,d jgus ls ks{kf.kd dk;zøe vksj fo kffkz;ksa dh xk B imrh ugh lhkh kkykvksa esa nwjn kzu lap ugha tgk gs ogk fo kffkz;ksa dks ks{kf.kd dk;zøe fn[kkus ds fy;s vyx O;oLFkk ugh gsaa 5- tks ikyd vius cppksa ds lkfk nwjn kzu dk;zøe ns[krs gs mlesa ks{kf.kd] lkalñfrd vksj tkudkjh ij dk;zøe ns[kus dk izek.k T;knk gsa bl ij,slk fu d kz fudkyrk gs fd] cppks dks Hkkjrh; lalñfr dh igpku gksuk] cppksa dk lkeku; Kku c<kuk,slk ikydks dks nwjn kzu ij dk;zøe ns[kus dk mís ; gsa ok?kekjs] ia- t ^^frolk rglhy esa dfu B egkfo ky; esa lh[kusokys fo kffkz;ksa dh i<+kbz ij nwjn kzu dk im+usokyk ifj.kke** ih,p- Mh- ¼f k{kk ladk;½ vejkorh fo kihb] vejkorh ¼egkjk Vª½] kks/k v/;;u ds izeq[k mís ; % 1- nwjn kzu iz{ksi.k ls mpp ek/;fed Lrj ij fo kfkhz dks ks{kf.kd fodkl dgk rd gqvk ;g tkuuka 2- ks{kf.kd nwjn kzu dk f k{kk esa D;k egro gs ;g tkuuka

20 3- dfu B egkfo ky;hu Lrj ij fo kffkz;ksa ds i<kbz ij nwjn kzu dk D;k ifj.kke gksrk gs ns[kuka 4- nwjn kzu iz{ksi.k ls fo kffkz;ksa ds fodkl esa gq;h u;h lel;k dks [kkstuka 5- ks{kf.kd nwjn kzu ds xq.k&nks k dh ppkz djuka kks/k ls izkir fu d kz % 1- nwjn kzu dk izlkj o izpkj vkt kgj ls rks NksVs&NksVs xk o rd QSyk gqvk gsa izek.kks esa e/;eoxhz; ls ml >ksimh esa jgusokys yksxks rd Hkh nwjn kzu igq pk gsa fo kffkz;ksa ds iz ukoyh ds vk/kkj ij,slk fn[kkbz fn;k dh 90% fo kffkz;ksa ds?kj nwjn kzu lap gsa bl ij ls,slk fu d kz fudyrk gs fd nwjn kzu us lozlk/kkj.k bulku ds?kj ij Hkh izos k fy;k gsa 2- nwjn kzu dk dk;zøe dk f k{kk esa mi;ksx gksrk gsa 3- ftl dfu B egkfo ky; esa nwjn kzu lap gs ;g ek= ks{kf.kd dk;zøe iw.kz :i ls fn[kk, ugh tkrsa 4- nwjn kzu ij euksjatukred dk;zøe fo kffkz;ksa dh i<kbz esa vmpu fuekz.k djusokys gsa,slk fl/n gksrk gsa 5- ymdksa esa O;k;ke djus dh bpnk fuekz.k gksrh gs rks ym+fd;ksa esa vpnk O;ogkj fl[kus dh vknr fuekz.k gksrh gsa kks/k lel;k% ^^f'kf{kr & vf'kf{kr efgykvka d fopkjka dk 'k{kf.kd,oa ifjokj ica/ku ij ihkko** ¼ukxiqj egkuxj d fo'ks"k lanhk esa½ kks/k v/;;u ds mìs'; % 1½ 2½ 3½ f kf{kr efgykvksa ds fopkjkas dk v/;;u djuk] vf kf{kr efgykvksa ds fopkjksa dk v/;;u djuk] ifjokj fodkl esa- f kf{kr vksj vf kf{kr efgykvksa dh ospkfjdrk] leuo;oknh n`f Vdks.k] fodklewyd lghkkfxrk] fu.kkz;d {kerk

21 4½ dk;z dk ifjokj izca/ku ij im+usokys izhkko dks tkuuk ifjokj,oa lekt fodkl ds izfr mudh tokcnkjh] fteesnkjh dh iz.kkyh] O;oLFkk dk lw{elrjh; vè;;u djuk rfkk 5½ ifjokj ds cppks ds izfr mudh fø;k khyrk] rrijrk] ltxrk ds :i esa muds ldkjkred o udkjkred fopkjksa dk v/;;u djuk izeq[k gsa kks/k v/;;u dh ifjdyiuk % 1- f kf{kr efgyk,a ifjokj ds izca/ku dks csgrj :i ls lapkyu ugha dj ikrh gsa 2- vf kf{kr efgyk,a ifjokj izca/ku dks csgrj :i ls le>rh gsa 3- cppksa ds mfpr ikyu iks k.k esa f kf{kr efgykvksa dk iw.kz ;ksxnku gksrk gsa 4- cppksa ds laj{k.k] f k{k.k,oae~ iks k.k esa vf kf{kr efgykvksa dk iw.kz ;ksxnku ugha gksrk gsa kks/k v/;;u dh fof/k % izlrqr izlrkfor kks/k v/;;u pwwafd losz{k.kkred] rqyukred] lghkkxh kks/k v/;;u gsa vr% {ks= v/;;u dh U;knf kzr f kf{kr] vf kf{kr efgykvksa,oa cppkas ls egroiw.kz tkudkjh,df=r djus ds fy, lkaf[;dh; kks/k i/nrh ds :i esa lk{kkrdkj] vuqlwph] iz ukoyh voyksdu i/nfr ls rf; ladyu fd;k tk,xka lkfk gh izr;{k&vizr;{k i/nrh ds :i esa voyksdu] fujh{k.k] i;zos{k.k,oa fo oluh;rk o os/krk dh dlksvh,oa lahkko;rk ds fy, ewy;kadu VsLV ^dk; LDosvj* vkfn }kjk loszf{kr tkudkjh dk ijh{k.k Hkh fd;k tk,xka 'kks/k v/;;u ds midj.k % izlrkfor kks/k v/;;u ds rgr rf;ksa o laedksa dk ladyu lkaf[;dh; i/nrh iz ukoyh] vuqlwph o lk{kkrdkj i/nfr;ksa ls fd;k tk,xka lkfk gh iqlrdky;ksa iwoz kks/k dk;ksz] izdkf kr,oa vizdkf kr kks/k dk;z] kks/k i=] lekpkj i=] if=dkvksa kkldh; laedksa

22 vkfn ds }kjk Hkh vk dm+ksa o rf;ksa dk ladyu fd;k tk,xka MkW-,l-,l- flax] ¼iatkc fo'ofo ky;] iatkc½ ds euksoskkfud izksqslj }kjk fufezr ^^O;ogkj n`f"vdks.k,oa fu'p;rk ijh{k.k** dks vk/kkj ekudj iz'ukoyh }kjk tkudkjh,df=kr dh tk,xha 'kks/k v/;;u dk U;kn kz % izlrkfor kks/k dks lqfo/kk,oa le; lhek esa iw.kz djus rfkk f kf{kr] vf kf{kr efgyk] cppksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj muds izfrfuf/k izfr kr ds vk/kkj ij U;kn kz :i esa fohkkftr 10 Hkkxksa ls 20 ls 40,oa 40 ls 60 o kz dh f kf{kr vf kf{kr efgykvksa ls tkudkjh,df=r dh tk,xha U;kn kz f kf{kr efgyk, cppsa vf kf{kr efgyk, cpps 20 ls 40 o kz 40 ls 60 o kz ;ksx efgykvksa ls rfkkxr iz ukoyh vk/kkfjr tkudkjh,df=r dh tk,xha lkfk gh 200 cppksa ls Hkh egroiw.kz tkudkjh izkir dh tk,xha bl izdkj U;kn kz :i esa 400 L=h;kas o 400 cppkas dks v/;;u bdkbz cuk tkudkjh izkir dh tk,xha

23 kks/k {ks=] f kf{kr] vf kf{kr efgykvksa o cppksa dh la[;k v-ø- kks/k v/;;u {ks= efgykvkas dh la[;k cppks dh la[;k f k{kd dkyksuh Hkkusxkao ukxiqj vuar uxj] ukxiqj pudkiqj flyysokmk] ukxiqj fpapksyh xkao] ukxiqj bunzk uxj] ukxiqj dksjkmh dkyksuh ukxiqj ikvu lkaoxh fnanokmk jksm] ukxiqj uohu chek dkwyksuh] ukxiqj ngsxkao ;ksx fnanokmk jksm] ukxiqj 'kks/k v/;;u dk {ks=,oa lhekadu % izlrqr kks/k v/;;u eq[; :i ls,d losz{k.kkred kks/k v/;;u iènfr ij vk/kkfjr gsa bl lanhkz esa kks/k vè;;u ds izeq[k?kvd f kf{kr] vf kf{kr efgyk,a,oa ifjokj ds cpps kkfey gsa ftuls iz ukoyh ek/;e ls tkudkjh,df=r dh x;h gs rfkk cppksa dh flfkfr dk] mudh fopkjèkkjk dk rfkk mu ij im+usokys izhkko dk voyksdu] fujh{k.k] lk{kkrdkj }kjk tkuus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gsa f kf{kr o vf kf{kr efgykvksa dh fopkj i/nrh dk v/;;u gh la kksèku dh O;kIrh gsa bl la kks/ku dk {sk= cgqr folr`r gs vr% la kks/ku dks djus ds fy, bldh lhek fuf pr dh x;h tks fueufyf[kr gs & bl gsrq ukxiqj 'kgj dh lhekafdr uxjh;,oa miuxjh; ¼Subcolonies½ cflr;ksa dks

24 lekfo"v fd;k x;k gsa buesa izeq[k :i ls f'k{kd dkyksuh Hkkusxkao] vuaruxj] pudkiqj] flyysokmk] bunzkuxj] fppksyh xkao] dksjkmh dkyksuh] ikvu lkoaxh] fnanokmk jksm] uohu chek dkyksuh] ngsxkao] fnanokmk jksm],e-,l- bz- ch- dkyksuh dks v/;;u {ks= cuk;k x;k gsa lhek % 1½ 20 o kz ls Åij dh efgykvksa ds fopkjksa dk v/;;u fd;k x;k gsa 2½ ;g v/;;u ukxiqj kgj dh f kf{kr&vf kf{kr U;knf kzr efgykvksa ij fd;k x;k gsa 3½ bu efgykvksa ds ifjokj ds fdlh,d 5 ls 15 o kz ds ym+ds&ym+dh dks Hkh v/;;u bdkbz cuk;k x;k gsa ¼v½ 20 ls 40 o kz ¼c½ 40 ls 60 o kz 20 ls 40 o kz ds oxz esa 100 f kf{kr o 100 vf kf{kr efgykvksa ds ks{kf.kd fopkjksa dk v/;;u fd;k tk,xka lkfk gh 40 ls 60 o kz esa 100 f kf{kr o 100 vf kf{kr efgykvksa ds ks{kf.kd fopkjksa dk v/;;u fd;k tk,xk rfkk bu efgykvksa 1&1 ds cppks ls Hkh iz ukoyh ekè;e ls egroiw.kz vko ;d tkudkjh izkir fd tk,xha Lkkjka k & vkt Hkkjrh; lekt es a f k{kk ds izfr tkx:drk dh deh fn[kkbz imrh gs,oa xq.kkred f k{kk dk iru gksrk tk jgk gsa blfy, kks/k drkz izlrqr v/;;u esa f kf{kr,oa vf kf{kr efgykvksa ds ks{kf.kd fopkjksa dk v/;;u fd;k tk,xk