Hkkjrh; izks<+ f'k{kk la?k

Transcription

1 Hkkjrh; izks<+ f'k{kk la?k 1939 es a LFkkfir Hkkjrh; izks<+ f'k{kk la?k dk mís'; O;fDr ds thou dh xq.koùkk ea s] f'k{kk ds ek/;e ls vfhko`f) djuk gs] ftls ;g fujurj,oa vkthou izfø;k ds :i es a ns[krk gsa la?k izks<+ f'k{kk dks,d izfø;k] dk;zøe vksj vkunksyu ds :i es a xfr'khy cukus dh fn'kk es a izfrc) gsa la?k izks<+ f'k{kk ds izlkj es a dk;zjr Loa;lsoh laxbuks a] fo'ofo ky;ks a] 'kkldh;] jk"vªh; rfkk vurjkz"vªh; lalfkkvks a ds dk;zdykiks a ls leuo; djrk gsa laxksf"b;ks a,oa leesyuks a dk vk;kstu vksj izks<+ f'k{kk ds fofhkuu vk;keks a ij fujarj losz{k.k rfkk 'kks/k ds lkfk] la?k vius lnl;ks a dh izks<+ f'k{kk fo"k;d tkudkjh es a uohurk,oa iz[kjrk cuk, j[kus ds fy, lewps fo'o es a v ru fopkj vksj vuqhko izlrqr djus dk fujurj iz;ru djrk jgrk gsa izks<+ f'k{kk ds {ks=ks a es a vuqla/kku gsrq fofhkuu iz;ksxkred ifj;kstuk,a Hkh lapkfyr djrk gsa viuh uhfr;ks a ds vuqlj.k es a la?k us ^usg: lk{kjrk iqjldkj^,oa efgykvks a es a fuj{kjrk fuokj.k dk;z gsrq ^VSxksj lk{kjrk iqjldkj* dh LFkkiuk dh gsa Mk- tkfdj gqlsu Le`fr O;k[;ku izfro"kz fdlh ew/kzu; f'k{kkfon~ }kjk fn;k tkrk gsa la?k fgunh,oa vaxzsth 'kks/k dk;z ds fy, Mk- eksgu flag esgrk Qsyksf'ki Hkh iznku djrk gsa la?k dk vejukfk >k iqlrdky; izks<+] lrr~ vksj tula[;k f'k{kk dh lunhkz lkexzh dh n`f"v ls ns'k es a vf}rh; gsa fofo/k lunhkz iqlrdks a ds ladyu ds vfrfjdr ns'k vksj fons'k ls izdkf'kr izks<+ f'k{kk laca/kh i=&if=dk,a] lwpuk,oa lanhkz lkexzh Hkh bles a miyc/k gsa la?k] us'kuy buqkeszfvd ls.vj bafm;k b.vjus'kuy ls avj }kjk izk;ksftr MsyusV ls Hkh lec) gsa la?k }kjk vhkh gky es a izks<+,oa thoui;zur vurjkz"vªh; f'k{kk lalfkku ¼baVjus'kuy balvhv~;wv vkwq,myv,am ykbzqyk x,twds'ku½ dh LFkkiuk Hkh dj nh xbz gsa la?k izks<+ f'k{kk fo"k; ij vusd iqlrds a o if=dk,a izdkf'kr djrk gsa] tks fd eq[;r% izks<+ f'k{kk dfez;ks a vksj uolk{kjks a ds fy, gsa la?k ^b.vjus'kuy QsMjs'ku vkq odzlz,twds'kuy,lksfl,'ku~l^,oa ^,f'k;u lkmfk islsfqd C;wjks vkq,myv,twds'ku^,oa ^b.vjus'kuy dksafly vkq,myv,twds'ku^ ls Hkh lec) gsa la?k dh lnl;rk mu lhkh O;fDr;ks a,oa lalfkkvks a ds fy, [kqyh gs tks blds vkn'kksza,oa y{;ks a es a fo'okl j[krs gsaa Hkkjrh; izks<+ f'k{kk la?k 17&ch buæizlfk,lvsv] egkrek xka/kh ekxz] ubz fnyyh& nwjhkk"k% 011& ] ] QSDl% 011& ] bz&esy% proudhshiksha@gmail.com directoriaea@gmail.com website:

2 izks<+ f'k{kk tuojh 2010 o"kz 53 vad&6 leiknd e.my laj{kd izks- Hkokuh 'kadj xxz v/;{k dsyk'k pks/kjh bfunjk iqjksfgr,-,p-[kku izqqyy ukxj ds-vkj- lq'khys xksmk Mk- fo kfounq flag Mk- enu flag lgk;d leiknd ch- lat; Vad.k,oa :ilttk Ñ".k flag bl vad esa leikndh; 2 Ikkfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk %,d v/;;u 4 & vuwih les;k viuh dgkuh lquk;saxs ge--- 9 & e`nqyk lsb xzkeh.k izks<+ksa esa mihkksdrk laj{k.k ds izfr tkx:drk dh flfkfr&lel;k,a,oa mik; 13 & egsunz dqekj oekz xhrk&n'kzu esa f'k{kd ladyiuk 18 & fodkl eksnh xzkeh.k efgyk l'kdrhdj.k esa Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa dh Hkwfedk 21 & ftrsunz dqekj ik.ms;,oa izfrhkk ik.ms; ;qok m eh vksj fodflr Hkkjr 30 & Hkkjrh tks'kh Hindrances in Implementing CE Programme - A Study 33 Nivedita Kundu ewy;% 100 :i;s okf"kzd if=dk esa O;Dr ys[kdksa ds fopkj muds os;fdrd fopkj gsa ftuls la?k,oa leikndh; lgefr vfuok;z ugha gs A

3 leikndh; dkfuqafv;k 6 ds vkxzg vksj Hkkjr tezuh ds cksu 'kgj esa xr 23&24 twu] 2009 dks izks<+ f'k{kk ij varjkz"vªh; leesyu vk;ksftr gqvka fo"k; Fkk ^fodkl gsrq izks<+ f'k{kk ij O;;*A osls rks bl vk;kstu ds ihns dyiuk ;g Fkh fd rc rd izks<+ f'k{kk ij ;wusldks dk NBoka fo'o leesyu ftls ebz] 2009 esa czkthy ds csye esa gksuk Fkk] laiuu gks pqdk gksxk vksj cksu dk ;g varjkz"vªh; leesyu csye esa gq, NBosa dkfuqafv;k ds fu"d"kz ds :i esa?kksf"kr dk;z;kstukvkas ij fo'ohkj esa gqbz rktk izxfr dk vkadyu djsxka ysfdu ifjflfkfro'k?kvukøe esa ifjorzu gks x;k vksj dkfuqafv;k 6 ebz ds ctk; fnlecj] 2009 esa vk;ksftr gqvka ifj.kkelo:i cksu ds varjkz"vªh; leesyu dk y{; olrqr% dkfuqafv;k 6 ds lqy vk;kstu esa cny x;ka pwafd cksu esa gq, leesyu dk Li"V y{; fodkl izfø;kvksa ds,d vk/kkjhkwr LrEHk ds :i esa izks<+ f'k{kk ij fo'ohkj esa gks jgs foùkh; vuqnkuksa dh c<+ksùkjh ij dsfunzr FkkA blfy, leesyu ds lghkkfx;ksa us lozleefr ls?kks"k.kk dh fd fo'ohkj ds lhkh ns'k vius ldy?kjsyw mrikn dk de ls de 6 izfr'kr vfuok;z :i ls f'k{kk ij O;; djsaa LokHkkfod gh izks<+ f'k{kk ij gks jgk O;; visf{kr y{; dks izkir dj ysxka blls ^feysfu;e MsoyiesaV xksyl* lfgr ^lhkh ds fy, f'k{kk ¼bZ-,Q-,½* ds y{;ksa dks fuf'pr le; esa izkir djus esa enn feysxha fnlecj 1&4] 2009 czkthy ds csye esa vk;ksftr dkfuqafv;k 6 esa ;wusldks ds 156 lnl; jk"vªksa lfgr reke flfoy lkslkfvt,oa ;wukbvsm us'ku dh lg;ksxh lalfkkvksa ds izfrfuf/k;ksa us lozleefr ls cksu esa?kksf"kr vkxzg ldy?kjsyw mrikn ds 6 izfr'kr f'k{kk O;; dk vuqeksnu fd;ka ;g vkxzg Hkh j[kk x;k fd fo'o dh lhkh ljdkjksa ds lhkh fohkkxksa }kjk izks<+ f'k{kk,oa 'ks{kf.kd izks<+ f'k{kk 2 tuojh&2010

4 j.kuhfr ds csgrj fø;kuo;u gsrq f'k{kk ds fy, lefizr lalk/kuksa dks c<+kus ij fo'ks"k cy fn;k tk,a lkfk gh ;wjksfi;u ;wfu;u ds vkthou f'k{kk dk;zøeksa dh lqyrk dks ns[krs gq, ;g vkxzg Hkh fd;k x;k fd vurjkz"vªh; vkffkzd vuqnku ij lapkfyr fo'o Hkj ds dk;zøeksa dks ;wjksfi;u ;wfu;u vkthou f'k{kk dk;zøeksa ds ud'ks dne ij gh lapkfyr fd;k tk,a fo'o Hkj esa Kkuoku lekt dh LFkkiuk ds fy, csye dk;z;kstuk us lhkh ljdkjksa rfkk xsj&ljdkjh lalfkkvksa ls vkxzg fd;k fd os vkthou f'k{kk ds izksrlkgu gsrq uhfr fuekz.k djsa] vkffkzd vuqnku nsa] mldh xq.koùkk c<+k,a,oa lexz izfø;k esa tulghkkx lqfuf'pr djsaa dkfuqafv;k 6 esa vu; ns'kksa ds lkfk Hkkjr ljdkj us Hkh viuk jk"vªh; izfrosnu izlrqr fd;ka izfrosnu ds vuqlkj izks<+ vksj vkthou f'k{kk ij ns'k esa uksoha iapo"khz; ;kstuk dky ¼1997&2002½ ds rgr dqy djksm+ :i, eqgs;k djk, x, tcfd O;; djksm+ :i;ksa dk gqvka nloha iapo"khz; ;kstuk dky ¼2002&2007½ esa blds fy, 1250 djksm+ :i;ksa dk izko/kku FkkA ; fi bl jk"vªh; izfrosnu esa X;kjgoha iapo"khz; ;kstuk dky ¼2007&2012½ ds nksjku izks<+ f'k{kk ij ljdkjh O;; ds izko/kkuksa dk myys[k ugha gs ysfdu ;kstuk nlrkostksa ds vuqlkj ;g jkf'k rktk ewy; ij 1800 djksm+ :i;ksa dh gsa ;g rks fuf'pr gs fd Hkkjr esa lk{kjrk] izks<+ vksj vkthou f'k{kk ij gks jgs ljdkjh O;; esa yxkrkj c<+ksrjh gks jgh gs ij bls ;fn dkfuqafv;k 6 ds vkxzgksa ds vkyksd esa ns[kk tk, rks ;g visf{kr y{; ls i;kzir ihns gsa,sls esa Hkkjr ljdkj lfgr vu; lhkh?kvdksa ij ;g LokHkkfod fteesokjh gksxh fd os dkfuqafv;k 6 esa fd, x, ok;nksa dks ;Fkk lahko fuhkkus ds fy, csgrj j.kuhfr rs;kj djsaa & ch lat; izks<+ f'k{kk 3 tuojh&2010

5 Ikkfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk %,d v/;;u & vuwih les;k nzqrxfr ls gksus okys vk/kqfudhdj.k] vks ksfxd folqksv o uxjhdj.k ds dkj.k] vkt dk ekuo fujarj fouk'k dh vksj vxzlj gks jgk gsa lkekftd thou vo;oflfkr gks x;k gsa O;fDr igys ls dgha T;knk LokFkhZ] voljoknh] pkvqdkj o dùkzo; foeq[k gks x;k gsa ikfjokfjd fo Vu us ekrk&firk ds thou dks iw.kzr% my>k fn;k gsa egkuxjh; thou esa dkedkth ekrk&firk HkkSfrdrk dh va/kh nksm+ esa cppksa dks vf/kd ls vf/kd lq[k nsus dh dksf'k'k esa vius&vius O;olk; ;k uksdjh esa brus O;Lr gks tkrs gsa fd os vius cpps dks le; ugha ns ikrsa blds ifj.kkelo:i cppkksa dks lqfo/kk,a rks fey tkrh gsa] ysfdu mugsa ekrk&firk dk iw.kz I;kj] ekxzn'kzu o le; ugha feyrka blds vykok dqn ekrk&firk vkkurko'k o vkyl;o'k cppksa dh vko';drkvksa o lel;kvksa dks ugha le>rsa blh dkj.k cpps tks ns[krs&lqurs gsa mlh ds vuqlkj fdlh Hkh O;fDr ;k olrq ds izfr vius fopkj] fo'okl,oa n`f"vdks.k dks fodflr dj ysrs gasa vf'k{kk ds dkj.k cpps dqlaxfr o cqjh vknrksa ds f'kdkj gks tkrs gsaa bruk gh ugha vu; yksxksa ds Hkkafr lqfo/kk;sa izkir djus ds fy,] /ku izkfir dk tksf[ke Hkjk] ijarq lcls NksVk jklrk viukus ds fy, Hkh rs;kj gks tkrs gsaa ifjokjksa esa vkffkzd vhkkoksa] vlolfk lkald`frd ijeijkvksa] vkokl LFkku dh deh] vfhkhkkodksa }kjk xyr izdkj ds fu;a=.k] vlolfk izdkj ds ;ksu laca/k] lkekftdj.k rfkk xyr izdkj ds euksjatu,oa 'kksd ds QyLo:i ckydksa esa vijk/k djus dh izo`fùk mriuu gks tkrh gsa vkt dk ;qok oxz QS'ku] vk/kqfudrk,oa if'pe ds va/kkuqdj.k ds pyrs u'ks o ;ksu jksxksa ds xrz esa fxjrk tk jgk gsa,m~l egkekjh dk :i ysdj lc ns'kksa ds izos'k }kjk ij [km+k gsa,slh flfkfr esa ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk izks<+ f'k{kk 4 tuojh&2010

6 lqyrkiwozd thou thus ds fy, ;qokvksa esa Kku] dks'ky vksj vfhko`fùk dks fodflr dj ldrh gsa bl ladv dh?km+h esa ewy;ghurk ls xzlr,oa laldkjksa ls HkVdh gqbz ekuork dks ubz fn'kk iznku djus ds fy, vkt ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk dh egrh vko';drk izr;sd jk"vª dks gs] gekjs ns'k dks Hkh gsa ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk iznku djuk orzeku le; dh,d vfuok;z vko';drk gsa ;g dke lqfu;ksftr :i ls gksuk pkfg, rkfd ckyd dks thou thus dh dyk vkrelkr djus] le>us vksj lqfuf'pr djus esa enn fey ldsa ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk dh vko';drk thou dks lq[ke; cukus] mùkjnkf;ro fuhkkus,oa u;h ih<+h esa ewy;ksa,oa laldkjksa dks fodflr djus ds fy, gsa ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk dh vko';drk blfy, Hkh gs ftlls fd izr;sd O;fDr le> lds fd og Lo;a D;k gs\ mlds dùkzo; D;k gsa\ mls vius thou esa fdls izkfkfedrk nsuh gs\ Hkkjrh; lald`fr dh j{kk ds fy,] /kekzu/krk] fgalk] HkkX;okfnrk] va/kfo'okl] izpfyr dqizfkkvksa ls futkr fnykus ds fy,] izpfyr vokanuh; lkekftd&lkald`frd izo`fùk;ksa dks jksdus ds fy,] Hkkjrh; lkald`frd /kjksgj ds laj{k.k ds fy,] jk"vªh; mís';ksa dh izkfir ds fy,,oa ukxfjdrk fodflr djus ds fy, ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk dh vko';drk gsa ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk dh vko';drk u dsoy ckyd&ckfydkvksa ds fy, gs cfyd bldh vko';drk izr;sd O;fDr dks gsa ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk dk;zøe esa vk/kqfud fo'o esa gks jgh ifjorzuksa ij fpark O;Dr dh xbz gsa ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk] og f'k{kk gs tks ekuo thou dks ljy] lqxe vksj orzeku ifjflfkfr;ksa ds vk/kkj ij vkuuniwozd thou thus dh dyk fl[kkrh gs rfkk O;fDr dks nsfud thou dh dfbukbz;ksa,oa pquksfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus gsrq vko';d Kku o dks'ky iznku djrh gsa ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk dks lek;kstu,oa jpukred O;ogkj dh,slh {kerk ds :i esa ifjhkkf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gs ftlds ek/;e ls O;fDr jkstejkz dh vko';drkvksa,oa pquksfr;ksa ls dkjxj rjhds ls fuiv ldsa ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk dk mís'; O;fDr esa foosdiw.kz,oa mùkjnkf;roiw.kz izks<+ f'k{kk 5 tuojh&2010

7 n`f"vdks.k vksj O;ogkj dk fodkl djuk rfkk ifjokj ds lnl;ksa esa,slh ;ksx;rkvksa dks fodflr djuk gs ftlls os vf/kd izhkko'kkyh <a+x ls viuh Hkwfedk dk fuokzg dj ldsaa ifjokj ds lnl;ksa ds chp okrkzyki dks c<+kuk,oa ikfjokfjd thou dh xq.koùkk esa lq/kkj djuk Hkh blds mís';ksa esa 'kkfey gsa blds vfrfjdr ikfjokfjd ifjizs{; ds ek/;e ls O;fDrxr,oa 'ksf{kd iz;klksa dks etcwr djuk] O;fDrxr vksj ikfjokfjd thou dh xq.koùkk dks le`) cukus ds fy, vko';d Kku,oa dks'ky iznku djuk] LoLFk o;ldksa esa viuh {kerk dk vglkl djkuk lfgr djhch yksxksa ds lkfk dke djus rfkk futh thou esa viuh {kerk dks izxv djus dh lqfo/kk iznku djuk Hkh ikfjokfjd f'k{kk ds mís';ksa esa 'kkfey gsa ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk esa ifjokj fdl izdkj ls dk;z djrk gs\ ifjokj vksj lekt ds chp esa ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk,d cgqeq[kh 'ksf{kd ;kstuk gs tks ekuo dy;k.k,oa thou dh xq.koùkk ls fu/kkzfjr dh tkrh gsa ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk nh ugha tk ldrh gs] ;g rks izkir dh tkrh gsa ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk ds fy,] okrkoj.k cukus dh vko';drk gsa bl izdkj dh f'k{kk nsus ds fy, Hkwfedk fuokzg] dgkuh rfkk ijlij fopkj&foe'kz fof/k;ksa dk mi;ksx Hkh Bhd jgrk gsa blds fy, fp=ksa] ikslvjksa] fqyeksa] LykbMksa] xhrksa] izn'kzfu;ksa vkfn dk Hkh iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gsa olrqr% ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk ds iwoz 'krz ds :i esa ckydksa esa Lo;a ds pfj= o Kku ds mnkgj.k }kjk [kkst dh Hkkouk txkus dh vko';drk gsa bl ckr dh t:jr gs fd Nk= ewy;ksa dks vkrelkr djds viuk;saa ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk ds fodkl gksus ls ckydksa esa thou ds izfr mfpr n`f"vdks.k dk fodkl gksrk gs] ckyd dks 'ksf{kd laizkfir gksrh gsa ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk ds }kjk ckyd laldkjiw.kz O;ogkj lh[krk gsa ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk,dhd`r f'k{kk gs ftlesa le;d] lqunj o larqfyr thou thus dh lhkh vo/kkj.kkvksa dks lekosf'kr fd;k tkrk gsa ;g u;k 'ksf{kd {ks= gs ftlesa thou dh lel;kvksa dk lek/kku dj lqy thou thus dh dyk ds i{k dks mhkkjk tkrk gsa ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk ckydksa esa bl izdkj ds laldkj] vknrsa o izks<+ f'k{kk 6 tuojh&2010

8 dks'ky mriuu djrk gs ftlds O;ogkjxr gksus ij thou esa 'kk'or o uohu ewy;ksa dk lekos'k gksrk gs vksj lkfk gh xq.koùkk mriuu gksrh gsa fd'kksjkolfkk esa cpps vusd 'kkjhfjd] ekufld,oa lkekftd lel;kvksa ls xzlr gks tkrs gsaa 'kjhj o eflr"d esa gks jgs ifjorzuksa ds dkj.k os Lo;a dks my>k gqvk o vlqjf{kr eglwl djrs gsaa jkstejkz dh NksVh&NksVh lel;kvksa ls os?kcjk tkrs gsaa muesa orzeku rfkk Hkkoh thou laca/kh dk;ksza o ;kstukvksa ds ckjs esa fu.kz; ysus dh {kerk dk izk;% vhkko gksrk gs ftlls os fnxhkzfer gksdj xyr fu.kz; ys ysrs gsaa,sls le; esa ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk] mudh lksp dks ldkjkred o nwjxkeh cukdj] muesa lgh fu.kz; ysus dh {kerk dk fodkl djrh gsa lq[kh thou;kiu ds fy, vfkz ¼/ku½ dh vko';drk gksrh gsa vk; dk vkoavu] O;; pkrq;z] O;fDrxr cpr,oa fofu;ksx] vfkz lk/kuksa dh miyfc/k o iz;ksx tsls?kvd O;fDr ds thou dks izhkkfor djrs gsaa ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk ckyd dks vkffkzd lel;kvksa ls eqdr j[kdj mugsa] jk"vª ds vkffkzd fodkl esa lghkkxh cukrs gasa ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk ds v/;;u ls ;qok ih<+h dks fnxhkzfer gksus ls cpk;k tk ldrk gsa ;g lekt esa O;kir cqjkbz;ksa ds fujkdj.k esa lgk;d gks ldrk gs rfkk lekt esa mrikndrk lewg ¼18 ls 45 o"kz½ ds lnl;ksa esa tula[;k f'k{kk,oa ;ksu f'k{kk ds laca/k esa tkx:drk ykus esa mi;ksxh gsa ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk ds }kjk yksxksa ds O;ogkj esa vko';d lq/kkj yk;k tk ldrk gsa bldks vk/kkj cukdj gh ekrk&firk] f'k{kd,oa fo kfkhz vius dùkzo;ksa dk fuokzg dj ldrs gsaa ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk lhkh yksxksa esa ldkjkred n`f"vdks.k fodflr djkus esa lgk;d gksrh gsa ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk] O;fDr dks okrkoj.k ds lkfk vuqdwyrk LFkkfir djus] HkkSfrd leiuurk dks izkir djds pfj=oku] cqf)oku] lkglh rfkk vkrefuhkzj cukus gsrq mudk lokzaxh.k fodkl djrh gsaa ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk O;fDr ds vanj jk"vªh;,drk] HkkokukRed,drk] lkekftd dq'kyrk rfkk jk"vªh; Hkkoukvksa dks fodflr djds mls bl ;ksx; cuk nsrh gs fd og lkekftd dùkzo;ksa dks iwjk djrs gq,] izks<+ f'k{kk 7 tuojh&2010

9 jk"vªh; fgr dks izkfkfedrk nsus ds fy, vksr&izksr gks tkrk gsa ikfjokfjd thou f'k{kk dk ikb~;øe izkfkfed Lrj ls ysdj fo'ofo ky; Lrj rd miyc/k gksuh pkfg,a fo ky;&lrj ij ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk ds izlkj dks xfr iznku djus ds fy, i;kzir,oa mi;qdr lkfgr; dh ;Fkk'kh?kz O;oLFkk dh tkuh pkfg,a fo ky;ksa esa ikfjokfjd thou f'k{kk ds dk;zøe dks lqy cukus ds fy, vf'kf{kr,oa v)zf'kf{kr vfhkhkkodksa ds fojks/k dks lekir fd;k tkuk pkfg,a bl y{; dks izkir djus ds fy, fo ky;ksa }kjk fofhkuu lekjksg fnolksa esa vfhkhkkodksa dks vkeaf=r fd;k tkuk pkfg, rfkk iqflrdkvksa] lekpkj i=ksa] fqye izn'kzuksa vksj fo)kuksa ds O;k[;kuksa }kjk ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk dh /kkj.kk dk Li"Vhdj.k fd;k tkuk pkfg,a ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk ij laxksf"b;ksa,oa leesyuksa dk vk;kstu gksuk pkfg;s vksj mlds fu"d"kksza dk izpkj&izlkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,a tulapkj ek/;eksa ds eqfnzr,oa veqfnzr ek/;eksa dk izhkkoh <ax ls mi;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg,a ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk iznku djus dk izeq[k nkf;ro jkt; dk gsa vko';drk bl ckr dh gs fd jkt; ljdkjksa }kjk tu f'k{kk] izks<+ f'k{kk] lrr f'k{kk vksj L=h f'k{kk dk izlkj fd;k tk, vksj ifjokj ds lnl;ksa dks f'kf{kr fd;k tk,a blds lkfk&lkfk csjkstxkjksa dks jkstxkj fn;k tk,] vfkz dh lel;k dk lek/kku vusd lel;kvksa dk lek/kku gksxka jkt; ;g dk;z lekt ds lg;ksx ls gh dj ldrs gasa vr% ikfjokfjd thou dh f'k{kk ds fodkl ds fy, jkt;] lekt] fo ky; vksj ifjokj lhkh dks,d lkfk feydj dk;z djuk gksxka izks<+ f'k{kk 8 tuojh&2010

10 viuh dgkuh lquk;saxs ge----- &e`nqyk lsb ¼gekjs le; ds cgqpfpzr iqlrd ^lsou gsfcv~l vkwq gk;fy bqsfdvo ihiqy* ds ys[kd LVhQu vkj dksos us n`f"v ifjorzu ¼Paradigm-shift) ds vo/kkj.kk dh O;k[;k djrs gq,,d n`"vkar dk myys[k fd;k gsa ys[kd cqtqxkzsa ds fy, fo'ks"k:i ls fodflr,d ikdz esa tkrs gsa tgka dbz o`) yksx lekpkj i= i<+ jgs gksrs gsa] dbz Vgy jgs gksrs gsaa rhkh,d O;fDr vius NksVs nks ckydksa dks ysdj ikdz esa izos'k djrk gsa nksuksa ckyd [ksy&[ksy esa lewps okrkoj.k esa [kycyh epk nsrs gsaa os fdlh o`) dh NM+h ys Hkkxrs gsa] rks fdlh dk lekpkj i= ys ysrs gsa pan gh feuvksa esa miflfkr cqtqxz ijs'kku gks ml O;fDr ls vkxzg djrs gsa fd oks vius cppksa dks le>k;s vksj ;fn fqj Hkh os,sslk djus ls ckt+ u vk;s rks og mugsa ikdz ls ckgj ys tk;sa O;fDr viuh etcwjh crkrk gs vksj dgrk gs fd esa bugsa dsls le>kåa ;gh lksp jgk gwaa cqtqxz dgrs gsa fd blesa D;k cm+h ckr gsa rc og O;fDr dgrk gs fd olrqr% esa vius bu nksuksa cppksa dks lh/ks vlirky ls ysdj vk jgk gwa vksj ogka buds ekrk dk nsgkar gks x;k gsa cpps brus eklwe gsa fd mugsa esa muds ekrk ds uk gksus dh tkudkjh ugha ns ik jgk gwaa ys[kd dgrs gsa fd ;g tkudkjh feyrs gh lhkh miflfkr cqtqxksza ds ut+fj;s esa vkewy&pwy ifjorzu gks tkrk gsa dksbz muds lkfk [ksyus yxrk gs rks dksbz mugsa viuh febkbz;ka [kkus ds fy, nsrk gsa ys[kd dgrk gs fd ge lhkh ds thou esa,slk im+ko vkrk gs tgka dksbz tkudkjh gekjs leiw.kz ut+fj;s dks cnydj j[k nsrk gsa olrqr% ;gh n`f"v ifjorzu gsa ^viuh dgkuh lquk;saxs ge-----* J`a[kyk esa e`nqyk lsb dqn,slk gh dj xqtjus dh vis{kk ge lhkh ls j[krh gsaa izlrqr gs J`a[kyk dh igyh vki chrha & leiknd½ u;k thou esjk uke gs VsdpUnA esa,d us'kckt FkkA u'kk NksMuk vklku gs NksM+ dj jguk cgqr eqf'dya tc esaus u'kk NksM+k eq>s cm+h eqf'dyksa dk lkeuk djuk im+ka esjs nkslrksa us esjh fjdojh esa cgqr my>usa MkyhA esjs cgqr ls nkslr u'ks ds fy, izks<+ f'k{kk 9 tuojh&2010

11 mdlkrs FksA dqn nkslr cksyrs Fks dc rd ugha djsxk u'kk! vc vkrh gs esjs ifjokj dh ckjh tks eq>s gj le; 'kd dh utj ls ns[krk FkkA ifjokj ds lnl; eq>ls cksyrs Fks vkt rks dqn xm+cm+ gsa ysfdu esaus gj eqf'dy dk lkeuk fd;ka esjk,d gh edln Fkk pkgs dqn Hkh gks tk,] esa u'kk ugha d:axka esa u'kk NksMus ds ckn SPYM ¼lkslkbVh QkWj n izksekslu vkwq ;wfk,.m eklst½ esa Fkk vksj esa viuk dke bzekunkjh ls dj jgk FkkA esjh eqf'dysa vius vki gh /khjs&/khjs de gksrh tk jgh Fkh vksj esa fnu izfrfnu vius eqdke esa vkxs c<+rk tk jgk FkkA dhkh tks yksx eq>s uqjr dh utj ls ns[krs Fks vkt ogh eq>s bruh bttr nsrs gs vksj tks yksx eq>s u'ksm+h ;k LeSdh cksyrs Fks oks gh vkt eq>s MkWDVj lkgc ds uke ls cqykrs gsaa bu rhu lkyksa esa esjs gkfk ls cgqr vpns&vpns dke gq, gsaa esaus vius u'ksckt HkkbZ;ksa ds fy, cgqr vpns dk;z fd, gsaa esa mudh cgqr enn djrk gwaa esjk,d nkslr gsa esa mldk uke ugha fy[kuk pkgrka oks lkbz ckck efunj esa jgrk FkkA?kj ls cs?kj FkkA mls ge dksvyk DIC ¼Mªki bu lsavj½ esa ysdj vk,a ogka mls u'ks ls eqdr fd;k x;ka mls dke ij yxok;k x;ka dke yxus ds,d lky ckn mldh 'kknh,d lqunj] lq'khy ym+dh ls djokbz x;ha vc oks ifr&iruh,d cpps ds eka&cki cuus okys gs vksj,d vpnk thou O;rhr dj jgs gsaa esaus,d DykbaV tks tsts- dsei] Vhxjh dk gs mldh Hkh bykt SPYM esa djk;h FkhA vkt mldh fjdojh Hkh Ms<+ lky dh gks xbz gsa vc mldh Hkh 'kknh gksus okyh gsa blds ifjokj okys vius gj dk;z esa eq>s cm+s leeku ds lkfk cqykrs gsa vksj vius fj'rsnkjksa dks ;s crkrs gsa fd VsdpUn HkkbZ us gekjs ym+ds dks,d ubz ftanxh nh gsa,sls esjs cgqr u'ks ckt HkkbZ gsa tks esjs lkfk tqm+s vksj u'ks ls eqdr gq,a dqn,sls Hkh gsa tks dqn le; ckn fjvk;j gks x,a vksj dqn,sls gsa tks eq>s ns[kdj vius vki ls ym+ jgs gsa u'kk NksM+us ds fy,a esa vkt cgqr [kq'k gwaa vkt esa tku x;k gwa gj lel;k dk gy u'kk ugha gsa,d lel;k ls cpus ds fy, ge u'kk djus yx tkrs gsa ysfdu u'kk djus ls lel;k [kre ugha gksrh gs cfyd u'kk djus ls nl vksj lel;k,a vk tkrh gsaa esa,d u'ks ds ets esa Qlak FkkA vkt esa vius thou ds gj ets ys jgk gwaa esjs ifjokj okys tks dhkh izks<+ f'k{kk 10 tuojh&2010

12 ?kj dk dksbz Hkh dk;z gksus ij eq>s vius ikl ugha csbus nsrs Fks vkt ogh?kj ds lhkh dk;ksza esa eq>ls lykg&e'kojk ysrs gsaa dqy feykdj vkt ds fnu lekt vksj fj'rsnkjksa esa esjk uke eku&leeku ls fy;k tkrk gsa esjs nwljs cfkzms ij,d 'kjkch us fcuk eryc ds eq>s FkIiM+ ekj fn;ka eq>s ml le; cgqr xqllk vk;k ij esaus xqlls ij duvªksy fd;k vksj ogka ls py fn;ka ysfdu og 'kjkch esjs ihns&2 vk;k vksj fqj eq>ls >xm+k djus yxka esjh mldh gkfkkikbz gks xbza fqj og eq>ls irk iwnus yxka tc esaus mls viuk irk vksj uke crk;k,oa dqn nkslrksa ds uke crk, rc mlds gks'k mm+ x,a og eq>ls uezrkiwozd ckrphr djrs gq, ekqh ekaxus yxk vksj viuh xyrh dks Lohdkj djrs gq, 'kfezank gqvka ml le; eq>s bruh [kq'kh gqbz ftldk esa o.kzu ugha dj ldrka eq>s bruh [kq'kh D;ksa gqbz\ D;ksafd blesa esjh bzekunkjh dh thr gqbz FkhA eq>s lcls cm+h nq[k ml ckr dh gs fd esjh 32 eghuksa dh dek;h gqbz izfr"bk fevvh esa fey x;ha ysfdu esa fgeer ugha gkjk] esjk NksVk HkkbZ tks fd 18 eghuksa ckn dksysil gks x;k] ml le; Hkh esjk eu dkqh nq[kh gqvka esjs HkkbZ ds dksysil gksus dk dkj.k esjs dqn [kkl nkslr Fks ftugksaus dkmulyj,oa u'ks ls lecfu/kr lhkh izksxke esa tkus okys esjs HkkbZ dh eqlhcr dh?km+h esa fdlh izdkj dh enn ugha dh vksj uk gh eq>s fdlh izdkj dh tkudkjh nha vxj eq>s ml le; tkudkjh fey xbz gksrh rks esjk iqjk iz;kl gksrk u'ks tslh egkekjh ls vius NksVs HkkbZ dks cpk ysus dka esjs 'kqhkfpurdksa ftugksaus esjs fy, ges'kk gj lq[k&nq[k esa lkfk nsus dk iz;kl fd;k ml le; uk esjk lkfk fn;k vksj uk esjs NksVs HkkbZ dks cpkus dk iz;kl fd;ka bu 3 o"kksza esa lcls cm+k nq[k ;g feyk fd ml le; esjs eu esa dbz ukdkjkred vksj lkdkjkred fopkj vk,sa u'kk fqj ls djus tslk fopkj vk;k vksj esjs nkslr mu fopkjksa ls [ksyuk pkgrs FksA Hkxoku dh d`i;k ls vkt MhvkbZlh esa esjs dykbzuv vkil esa 'krz yxkrs gsaa,d dykbzuv vkdj MhvkbZlh esa nwljs dykbzuv dks crkrk gs dy VsdpUn HkkbZ us u'kk djk FkkA lwuus okyk dykbzuv esjs Åij 'krz yxkrk gs] VsdpUn HkkbZ izks<+ f'k{kk 11 tuojh&2010

13 u'kk dj gh ugha ldrk vksj 'krz esa Mcy isls nsus dks rs;kj gks tkrk gs D;ksafd vxj esa,d fnu Hkh u'kk d:axk rks dykbzuv ls ugha fni ldwaxka [ksj! eq>s tc irk pyk dh esjs Åij 'krz yx jgh rc eq>s cm+h [kq'kh gqbza & VsdpUn ¼ge lcdh ftunxh [kre u gksus okyh,d dgkuh gsa bl yech dgkuh esa tqm+h gsa dbz NksVh&NksVh dgkfu;kaa thou ds lqj esa pyrs gq, dbz ckj dksbz fo'ks"k O;fDr fey tkrk gsa mldk gekjh lksp] le> vksj O;ogkj ij xgjk izhkko im+rk gsa dhkh dksbz vugksuh?kvuk gekjh ftunxh esa,slk eksm+ ykrh gs ftldh geus dyiuk Hkh u dh gksa tc ge fdlh izksxzke ls tqm+rs gsa rks gesa yksxksa ls feyus dk eksdk feyrk gsa dbz xfrfof/k;ksa esa Hkkx ysus dk volj feyrk gsa ;s vuqhko gh rks gs & gekjh viuh dgkuh D;k gqvk\ dc\ dsls\ D;k eqf'dysa vkbza\ mudk lkeuk geus dsls fd;k\ dksu cus lgk;d\ fdugksaus eqf'dysa c<+kbz\ fdldk izhkko ge ij im+k vksj fdls geus izhkkfor fd;k\ lpph dgkfu;ka i<+us ls gesa izsj.kk feyrh gsa gekjh dgkfu;ka nwljska dks izsj.kk ns ldrh gsaa bl J`a[kyk esa ge cnyko dh dgkfu;ka is'k dj jgs gsaa dqn dgkfu;ka Lo;a dh fy[kh gqbz gsaa dqn fuj{kj dfkkokpdksa dh dgkfu;ka nwljksa us fy[kh gsaa vk'kk gs bls i<+us vksj lquus ls vkidks Hkh vius esa vk, cnyko dh dgkuh fy[kus dh izsj.kk feysxha & e`nqyk lsb½ izks<+ f'k{kk 12 tuojh&2010

14 xzkeh.k izks<+ksa esa mihkksdrk laj{k.k ds izfr tkx:drk dh flfkfr&lel;k,a,oa mik; &egsunz dqekj oekz Hkkjr xkaoksa dk ns'k gsa xzkeh.k yksx eq[; :i ls d`f"k dk;z ls tqm+s gsaa d`f"k Hkkjrh; vfkzo;olfkk dh jh<+ gsa Hkkjrh; vfkzo;olfkk dh jh<+] vfkkzr Hkkjrh; fdlkuksa dh n'kk vkt Hkh n;uh; gsa xzkeh.k yksx xjhch] vf'k{kk] vkkurk] lalk/kuksa ls jfgr vhkko xzlr,ao dfbu ifjflfkfr;ksa esa dfbu thou 'ksyh ds lkfk thou;kiu dj jgs gsaa vkffkzd raxh,oa thou dh U;wure vko';drkvksa ls vius thou dh xkm+h gkwd jgs xzkeh.k fodkl dh nksm+ esa dkslksa ihns gsaa jk"vª ds fodkl esa viuk lc dqn lefizr djus okys xzkeh.kksa dk mriknd,oa mihkksdrk nksuksa gh :iksa esa 'kks"k.k gksrk vk jgk gsa ckotwn blds fd mriknd rfkk mihkksdrk nksuksa gh lekt ds lnl; gasa Hkkjr esa lfn;ksa ls lekt ds ;s nksuksa vax,d nwljs dh vko';drkvksa dh iwfrz djrs gq, vkilh lg;ksx] leuo;] ln~hkko,oa Lusg cuk;s gq, FksA xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa rks,sls i;kzir mnkgj.k ns[kus dks feyrs gsa tgka fdlku vius dks xkao esa ds'k ds :i esa iz;ksx djrs gsaa etnwjh ds :i esa dqegkj] yksgkj] /kksch] nthz] ukbz] eksph rfkk vu; iztktuksa dks ikfjjfed ds :i esa vukt Lohdkj FkkA blls,d nwljs ds e/; leidz] laokn,oa ln~hkko dk okrkoj.k LFkkfir FkkA dqn lhek rd,d nwljs ds izfr lsok Hkkouk Hkh FkhA ijurq tsls&tsls jk"vª fodkl djrk x;k] fokku,oa lwpuk rduhdh ds dkj.k fo'o ds chp dh nwjh lekir gks x;h] cgqjk"vªh; deifu;ka jk"vª ij Nk tkus yxha vksj lkfk gh lkfk ik'pkr; lh;rk,oa Hkksxoknh lald`fr Hkh Hkkjrh; lekt ij izhkkoh gksus yxha xzkeh.k Hkh blls vnwrs ugha jg ldsa xzkeh.k {ks= ds y?kq m ksx,oa thou;kiu ds fy, viuk;s tkus okys NksVs is'ks ;Fkk ukbz] /kksch] nthz] yksgkj] dqegkj] dgkj] cuekuq"k ;k eqlgj vkfn ds is'ks ladv dh flfkfr esa igaqp x;s ftlls xzkeh.k {ks= dk,d O;ofLFkr,oa lfn;ksa ls pyk vk jgk rkuk&ckuk fnuu&fhkuu gks x;ka nwljh rjq cgqjk"vªh; deifu;ka ykhk dekus izks<+ f'k{kk 13 tuojh&2010

15 ,oa vf/kd ls vf/kd yksxksa rd vius mriknu igqapkus ds mn~ns'; ls Hkzked] vkd"kzd o eueksgd izpkj djds f'kf{kr uo;qodksa,oa leiuu ifjokjksa dks vius o'khhkwr dj fy;k ftlls ;s yksx izluurk iwozd muds cuk;s gq, tky esa my> dj 'kks"k.k dk f'kdkj gks jgs gsaa,slh flfkfr esa xzkeh.k izks<+ dh n'kk dh flqz dyiuk gh dh tk ldrh gsa xzkeh.k izks<+ksa dh Nfo lkeku;r;k ljy] fu'ny] ifjjeh] bzekunkj] jhfr&fjokt,oa ijeijkvksa ls tqm+s] 'ksf{kd o vkffkzd :i ls finm+s yksxksa dh cuh gqbz gsa HkkSfrdrk ls jfgr,oa vk/kqfudrk ls ijs thou O;rhr djus okys xzkeh.k izks<+ksa ds fy, mihkksdrk laj{k.k,d ubz ladyiuk gsa mihkksdrk laj{k.k ds izfr xzkeh.k izks<+ksas esa tkx:drk dh flfkfr tkuus ds fy, xzkeh.k {ks= ds lks izks<+ iq:"k&efgykvksa ls mihkksdrk laj{k.k ls lecfu/kr vr;ur ljy ckjg iz'uksa ds mrrj gka vfkok ugha esa izkir fd;s x;sa losz{k.k ls izkir vkadm+ksa dks lkj.kh esa iz'uksa ds lkfk izlrqr fd;k x;k gsa lkj.kh & xzkeh.k izks<+ksa esa mihkksdrk laj{k.k ds izfr tkx:drk dh flfkfr & gka esa izkir mrrjksa dh la[;k,oa izfr'kr dks"bd esa lelr iq:"k efgyk f'kf{kr vf'kf{kr vuq-tkfr xzkeh.k iz'u xzkeh.kksa dh la[;k D;k vki mihkksdrk Qksje ds fo"k; esaa tkurs gsa\ ¼24½ ¼42-3½ ¼4-1½ ¼36-3½ ¼00½ ¼15-6½ 2- D;k vki,xekdz ls ifjfpr gsa\ ¼22½ ¼34-6½ ¼8-3½ ¼30-3½ ¼5-8½ ¼21-8½ 3- dksbz Hkh [kk inkfkz [kjhnrs le; D;k vki mihkksx vof/k dh lhek ns[krs gsa\ ¼32½ ¼21-1½ ¼43-7½ ¼40-9½ ¼14-7½ ¼34-3½ 4- nok [kjhnrs le; D;k vki,dlik;jh frffk dks ns[krs gsa\ ¼65½ ¼76-9½ ¼52-5½ ¼81-8½ ¼32-3½ ¼62-5½ 5- D;k vki Ø; dh x;h olrq dh okjuvh dk vk'k; le>rs gsa\ ¼46½ ¼53-9½ ¼37-5½ ¼60-6½ ¼17-6½ ¼50½ 6- lkeku [kjhnrs le; D;k vki ds'keseksa ;k jlhn ysrs gsa\ ¼48½ ¼53-8½ ¼41-6½ ¼51-5½ ¼41-1½ ¼46-8½ izks<+ f'k{kk 14 tuojh&2010

16 7- lkexzh dz; djrs le; D;k vki rksyh ;k ekih tkus okyh okv] eki dh ifj'kq}rk ¼47½ ¼48½ ¼45-8½ ¼53½ ¼35-2½ ¼43-7½ tkuus dk iz;kl djrs gsa\ 8- D;k vki lkexzh Ø; djrs le; mlds ekius] ukius vfkok rksyus ds <ax vfkok ¼92½ ¼96-1½ ¼87-5½ ¼96-9½ ¼82-3½ ¼87-5 mlds ;a=ksa ij n`f"v j[krs gsa\ 9- D;k vki vkbz0,l0vkbz ekdz ls ifjfpr gsa\ ¼40½ ¼53-8½ ¼16-6½ ¼45-4½ ¼29-4½ ¼43-7½ 10- D;k vki mihkksdrk vf/kdkjksa ls ifjpr gsa\ ¼20½ ¼26-9½ ¼12-4½ ¼30-3½ 00 ¼15-6½ 11- D;k vki leku [kjhnrs le; eksy Hkko djrs gsa\ ¼100½ ¼100½ ¼100½ ¼100½ ¼100½ ¼100½ 12- D;k vki olrq [kjhnrs le; mldk foø; ewy; ns[krs gsa\ ¼80½ ¼92-3½ ¼66-6½ ¼90-9½ ¼58-8½ ¼75½ vkslr izfr'kr lkj.kh ds voyksdu ls Kkr gksrk gs fd mihkksdrk laj{k.k ds izfr tkx:drk ds lecu/k esa iwns x;s lkeku; iz'uksa ds mrrj nsus esa xzkeh.k mihkksdrk iwjh rjg ls l{ke ugha ik;s x;sa 24 izfr'kr xzkeh.k mihkksdrk Qksje ls ifjfpr gsa] vksj ek= 22 izfr'kr mihkksdrk,xekdz ls ifjfpr gsaa [kk inkfkz ;Fkk fcldqv vkfn ij mihkksx vof/k dh frffk ek= 32 izfr'kr izks<+ ns[krs gsa tcfd mlh ls feyrs&tqyrs iz'u nokvksa dh,dlik;jh frffk tkuus dh dksf'k'k 65 izfr'kr xzkeh.k djrs gsaa ;g jkspd rf; gsa okjavh ds vk'k; ls 46 izfr'kr rfkk vkbz0,l0vkbz0 ekdz ls 40 izfr'kr xzkeh.k izks<+ ifjfpr gsaa ckv rfkk eki dh ifj'kq)rk tkuus dk iz;kl 47 izfr'kr xzkeh.k djrs gsa rfkk ek= 20 izfr'kr xzkeh.k gh mihkksdrk vf/kdkjksa ls ifjfpr gsaa ftu iz'uksa ds izfr lokzf/kd ldkjkred mrrj izkir gq, gsa os bl izdkj gsa % 80 izfr'kr xzkeh.k olrq [kjhnrs le; mldk foø; ewy; ns[krs gsa] 92 izfr'kr xzkeh.k rksyrs ;k ekirs le; foøsrk ds rksyus ds <ax rfkk ;a=ksas ij n`f"v j[krs gsa rfkk lhkh xzkeh.k izks<+ f'k{kk 15 tuojh&2010

17 izks<+ksa us Lohdkj fd;k fd os lkeku [kjhnrs le; eksy Hkko djrs gsa tks fd LOkkHkkfod Hkh gsa lkj.kh ls Kkr gksrk gs fd vf'kf{kr xzkeh.k izks<+ksa dh flfkfr lokzf/kd fpurktud gsa vkbz0,l0 vkbz0] mihkksdrk Qksje,oa mihkksdrk vf/kdkjksa ls ifjfpr vf'kf{kr xzkeh.kksa dk izfr'kr 'kwu; ik;k x;ka buesa,xekdz ls ifjfpr gksus] olrq ds mihkksx dh vof/k lhek] okj.vh dk vk'k; tkuus tsls iz'uksa dk ldkjkred mrrj dk izfr'kr vr;ur U;wu ik;k x;k tks fd Øe'k% 5-8] 14-7] 17-6 izfr'kr ik;h x;ha ;g f'kf{kr u gksus dk Li"V nq"ifj.kke gsa vf'kf{kr xzkeh.k izks<+ksa us ftu iz'uksa ds vr;kf/kd ldkjkred mrrj fn;s muesa Ø; djrs le; ekius rksyus ds <ax o ;a=ksas ij utj j[kuk 82-3 izfr'kr] [kjhnrs le; eksy Hkko djuk 'kr&izfr'kr rfkk olrq ds foø; ewy; dks tkuus dk iz;kl djuk 58-8 izfr'kr lfeefyr gsa vf'kf{kr oxz esa ls dqn us,sls iz'uksa ds ldkjkred mrrj fn;s gsa ftlesa v{kj Kku dh vko';drk gksrh gs ;Fkk iz'u la[;k rhu pkj vksj ckjga bl lecu/k esa mugksusa crk;k fd os rrlecu/kh tkudkjh nqdku ds vkl&ikl [km+s i<+s fy[ks yksxksa ls tkuus dh dksf'k'k djrs gsaa vuqlwfpr tkfr oxz ds xzkeh.k izks<+ksa dh vuqfø;k mrlkfgr djus okyh izkir gqbz tks fd vf'kf{kr izks<+ksa ls Js"B ns[kh xbz rfkk lkeku; izks<+ksa ds dkqh utnhd ikbz xbza fuf'pr :i ls bldk dkj.k bl oxz esa gqbz 'ksf{kd izlkj] tkx:drk,oa lkekftd lejlrk gsa iq:"k vksj efgyk ds ldkjkred mrrj izfr'kr esa i;kzir vurj fn[kkbz im+ jgk gs tks fd lehkor% f'k{kk o tkx:drk ds vhkko ds dkj.k gsa blds lkfk gh iq:"k,oa f'kf{kr oxz ds ldkjkred mrrjksa dk izfr'kr yxhkx leku izkir gqvk gsa,slk lehkor% iq:"kksa ds vf/kd la[ kk esa f'kf{kr] tkx:d gksus ds dkj.k gsa iz'uksa dh ljyrk dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, mihkksdrk laj{k.k ds izfr tkx:drk dh flfkfr dk fueu ekud 40 ls de vr;ur vlurks"ktud] 40 ls 60 rd de lurks"ktud] 60 ls 80 rd lurks"ktud rfkk 80 ds Åij Js"B ekudj o.kzu djsa rks ns[krs gsa fd lelr xzkeh.kksa esa mihkksdrk laj{k.k ds izfr tkx:drk dh flfkfr lurks"ktud ugha gs ; fi iq:"k,oa f'kf{kr xzkeh.k oxz blds vr;ur fudv gsaa lcls n;uh; flfkfr xzkeh.k vf'kf{kr oxz dh gs ftls izfr'kr ds lkfk vr;ur vlurks"ktud Js.kh esa j[kk x;k gsa xzkeh.k izks<+ksa esa mihkksdrk laj{k.k ds izfr tkx:drk dh lel;k ifjos'ktfur izks<+ f'k{kk 16 tuojh&2010

18 gsa cksf)d {kerk esa deh u gksus ds mijkur Hkh O;Lr,oa dfbu thou 'ksyh] lhfer lalk/kuksa,oa lhfer nk;js esa U;wure vko';drkvksa ls thou ;kiu djuk] leiw.kz fnup;kz d`f"k vfkok vu;?kjsyw dk;ksza ij gh dsfunzr gksuk] vf/kd djus ds mijkur Hkh vkffkzd flfkfr dk detksj gksuk] f'k{kk dk leqfpr izlkj u gksuk] 'kklu dh xzkeh.kksa ds izfr mnklhurk] uhfr;ksa ds izfr 'kkldh; f'kffkyrk] fuf"ø;rk ls ifjiw.kz ljdkjh dk;zøe] xzkeh.kksa dks v'kdr djus okyh uhfr;ka] f'kf{kr yksxksa dk xzkeh.k {ks= ls iyk;u] ljdkjh lsodksa] lekt lsodksa,oa mihkksdrk laj{k.k ls lecfu/kr Lo;a lsfo;ksa dk xzkeh.k {ks= esa :fp u ysuk vkfn muds ekstwnk gkykr ds izeq[k dkj.k gsaa xzkeh.k izks<+ksa esa tkx:drk mriuu djus ds fy, xkao ds f'kf{kr,oa izfrf"br yksxksa ds ek/;e ls lkewfgd ppkz,a djds] lwpuk rduhd dk izhkkoh iz;ksx djds] ;Fkk jsfm+;ksa] nwjn'kzu,oa xzkeh.k izks<+ksa ds fy, fo'ks"k lekpkj i= izdkf'kr djds] euksjatukred dk;zøeksa ds ek/;e ls] ;Fkk uqddm+ ukvd] dbiqryh] MkD;wesUVjh fqye ds ek/;e ls] f'k{kk rfkk lekt dy;k.k dh ;kstukvksa esa mihkksdrk laj{k.k dh fo"k; olrq dks lfeefyr djds] xq.korrkijd f'k{kk iznku djds] ljdkjh,oa Lo;alsoh lalfkkvksa ds lefizr iz;kl,oa f'kf{kr xzkeh.kksa dks mihkksdrk laj{k.k ds izfr fo'ks"k :i ls tkx:d,oa izf'kf{kr djds fd;k tk ldrk gsa xzkeh.k izks<+ dh flfkfr dfbu Je djus ds mijkur Hkh vkffkzd foiuurk ls xzflr gsa ogha budh vpnh f'k{kk dh dksbz O;oLFkk ugha gsa vpnh f'k{kk ds vhkko esa rfkk fcuk 'kklu o lekt ds vu; vaxksa ds lacy iznku fd;s mihkksdrk laj{k.k ds izfr xzkeh.k izks<+ksa esa tkx:drk mriuu gks ikuk ek= dyiuk gh gsa xzkeh.kksa dks tkx:d fd;k tkuk le; dh vko';drk gs rfkk bugsa tkx:d djds gh jk"vª ds fodkl dh /kkjk dks LFkk;h o etcwr fd;k tk ldrk gsa izks<+ f'k{kk 17 tuojh&2010

19 xhrk&n'kzu es a f'k{kd ladyiuk & fodkl eksnh izr;sd n'kzu ds vuqlkj f'k{kd ds fy, dqn u dqn pkfjf=d,oa O;kogkfjd xq.k rfkk O;kogkfjd ewy; okanuh; gsa f'k{kd ds lppfj=,oa vkn'kz dh Nki ckydks a ij im+rh gs vksj mugha ds vuq:i Nk= Hkh viuk thou n'kzu fuf'pr djrk gsa v/;kid dks n'kzu ls O;kolkf;d dùkzo; ijk;.krk es a iz sj.kk feyrh gsa vr% Hkkoh ukxfjdks a dk fuekz.k ;fn f'k{kd dks djuk gs rks mls f'k{kk,oa Kku iznku djus ls iwoz viuk,d n'kzu LFkkfir djuk pkfg, rhkh mldk dk;z lkfkzd gksxka izr;sd n'kzu es a f'k{kd dh,d fof'k"v ladyiuk nh xbz gsa xhrk&n'kzu es a tks f'k{kd ladyiuk gs og bl izdkj ls gs & f'k{kd esa,d fonzksgh dh Hkkouk fo eku gks % f'k{kd ogh gs tks izlqir lel;kvks a dks txk nsrk gs] ftkklk dks tkx`r dj nsrk gs o ckydks a dks muds Lo;a ds vuqla/kku ds fy, lkgl vksj vhk; ls Hkj nsrk gs ysfdu bl vfkz es a dksbz O;fDr f'k{kd rhkh gks ldrk gs] tc og Lo;a vkxzgks a,oa i{kikrks a ls eqdr gksa blfy, f'k{kd gksuk cm+h lk/kuk gsa Nk=ksa ds izfr vuu; izse gks % xhrk n'kzu ds vuqlkj v/;kid ds eu es a vius f'k"; ds izfr vuur iz se gksuk pkfg,a vius Nk= ds fgr dh dkeuk mlds eu es a gksuh pkfg,a xhrk ds 18 os a v/;k; ds 64 os a 'yksd es a bldk myys[k gsa Jhd`".k dgrs gs a & lozhkwrs"kq Hkw;% Jrq es a ijea op%a b"vksm flesn`<+fefr rrks r{;kfe rsfgre~aa ¼xhrk 18@64½ vfkkzr~ & ßrw lcls vf/kd xqir esjk ije~ ¼jgL;e;½ opu lqu] D;ks afd rw eq>s vr;ur I;kjk gs] blfy, es a rsjs fgr ds fufeùk ckr djrk gw aa eq>es a eu okyk gks] vfkkzr~ es a ijekrek gh lc dqn ga w] ;g eu es a n`<+ fu'p; j[kþ izks<+ f'k{kk 18 tuojh&2010

20 f'k{kd ds lanhkz es a bls ys a rks & f'k{kd dks vius Nk=ks a ds fgrks a dh dkeuk gksuh pkfg,a Nk= ds fy, tks dy;k.kdkjh gs] mlh dk mís';iw.kz mins'k djuk pkfg,a mls Nk=ks a ls dqn Hkh ugha fnikuk pkfg,a Nk=ksa ls vu/kkuqdj.k dh vis{kk u gks % xhrk ds 18os a v/;k; ds 62os a 'yksd rd Hkxoku d`".k us vusd nk'kzfud fopkjks a] lkjxfhkzr ;qfdr;ks a,oa O;ogkj fokku ds vk/kkj ij tks Kku fn;k gs og 'kwu;,oa xahkhj fopkj dk fo"k; gsa blfy, Hkxoku dgrs gs fd & ßbUgs a ljljh rksj ls lqudj gh fuf'par ugha gksuk pkfg, rfkk esjs opu gksus ds dkj.k budks vu/k J)k ls gh izekf.kd ugha eku ysuk pkfg, cfyd vkfn ls vur rd mins'k ij iwjk fopkj djuk pkfg, rfkk ftls tks vpnk yxs ogh djuk pkfg, vfkkzr fopkj ijra=rk ugha gksuh pkfg,aþ ßf'k{kd dks Nk= ds O;fDrRo dk vknj djuk pkfg,] mls Nk= ls vu/kkuqdj.k dh vis{kk ugha djuh pkfg,a f'k{kd dks viuh jk; nsus dk vf/kdkj gs ijurq fu.kz; dh Lora=rk Nk= dh gsaþ f'k{kd ds fy, ckyd dh izd`fr dk Kku vko';d gs % xhrk n'kzu ds vuqlkj ckyd fodkl dh dqn fuf'pr izfø;k ls xqtjrk gs ftlds ifj.kkelo:i mles a,d fof'k"v O;fDrRo fufezr gksrk gs] ftldks ckyd dh tuetkr izkd`frd 'kfdr;ka vk/kkj iznku djrh gs aa vr% f'k{kd ds fy, ckyd dh izd`fr dk Kku vko';d gsa xhrk n'kzu es a ckyd ds vkpj.k dks ^Lo/keZ* vfkok ^lgt dez* dgk x;k gsa v/;kid dks ckyd ds Lo/keZ dk Kku gksuk pkfg,] rhkh og f'k{k.k es a Nk=ks a dh vfhk:fp ds le:i vfhkiz sj.kk dk iz;ksx djus es a le{k gksxka ;g vfhkiz sj.kk dhkh rks ifjflfkfro'k o dhkh izd`fro'k mriuu gksrh gsa f'k{kd lokszre xq.kksa ls ;qdr gks % xhrk es a,d vkn'kz v/;kid dh ladyiuk Li"V :i ls dh xbz gsa blds vuqlkj v/;kid lelr n`f"vdks.kks a ls loks Zre xq.kks a ls ;qdr gksuk pkfg,a blds fy, lr; dks dsoy fl) gh ugha djuk oju~ nwljks a rd igq apkuk gsa mls nwljks a rd ogh igq apk ldrk gs ftlus lr; ij fparu fd;k gksa izks<+ f'k{kk 19 tuojh&2010

21 a a f'k{kd dk Lo:i lw;z ds leku izdk'koku gks % f'k{kd dk Lo:i Hkh Nk= ds fy, lw;z ds leku gh izdk'koku gksuk pkfg,a ok;q nsorkvks es a ejhph rhoz xfr okys nsork gs] ftlls ge ;g fu"d"kz fudky ldrs gs fd Js"B f'k{kd lnso xfr'khy jgrk gsa fo kffkz;ksa esa vkrefo'okl yk,@;fkkfkz ifk izn'kzd cus % f'k{kd dk ;g nkf;ro gs fd og vius f'k";ks a es a ;g vkrefo'okl txk, fd os lqyrk izkir dj ldrs gs aa ckyd vusd izdkj dh fpurkvks a ls O;fFkr jgrk gsa f'k{kd dk ;g drzo; gs fd og vius f'k";ks a es a ;g vkrefo'okl txk, fd os lqyrk izkir dj ldrs gs aa xhrk n'kzu esa fufgr f'k{kd&ladyiuk dh orzeku esa mi;ksfxrk % orzeku le; es a pkjks a vksj pkfjf=d âkl fn[kkbz ns jgk gsa Lora=rk ls iwoz yksx ns'kfgr es a R;kx vksj fu%lokfkz Hkko ls dk;z djus dks rs;kj jgrs FksA rc bzekunkj o lpps yksxks dks lekt es a leeku izkir FkkA ijurq Lora=rk dky es a lekt dk iru ns[krs&ns[krs s gh gks x;ka vkt ekuo dk usfrd vk/kkj gh u"v gks x;k izrhr gksrk gsa iz'u ;g mbrk gs fd bu cnyh gqbz ifjflfkfr;ks a es a f'k{kd ls D;k vis{kk dh tkrh gs\ bu cnyh gqbz ifjflfkfr;ks a es a xhrk&n'kzu dh f'k{kd&ladyiuk dk egroiw.kz LFkku gs] D;ks afd ml le; dh ifjflfkfr;ks a ds vuqlkj f'k{kd dk tks Lo:i jpk x;k] fcydqy mlds foijhr ifjflfkfr;ka vkt mriuu gqbz gs aa vr% xhrk&n'kzu dh f'k{kd&ladyiuk dk egro n`f"vxkspj gksrk gsa blls ;g Li"V gksrk gs fd f'k{kd ds Lofodkl dh fn'kk D;k gksuh pkfg,a izks<+ f'k{kk 20 tuojh&2010

22 xzkeh.k efgyk l'kdrhdj.k esa Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa dh Hkwfedk & ftrsunz dqekj ik.ms;,oa izfrhkk ik.ms; izlrkouk % egkrek xka/kh us dgk Fkk & ÞeSa vkidks,d ea= nsrk gwaa tc dhkh Hkh vki vius dk;zuhfr ds izfr lansg esa gks ;k tc viusiu dk cks/k vkids Åij gkoh gks tk, rks ;g dke djsa,sls fdlh vr;ar fu/kzu,oa detksj O;fDr ¼efgyk½ dk psgjk ;kn djsa vksj vius vki ls iwnsa fd vkius mlds midkj ds fy, D;k fd;ka D;k blls mls dqn ykhk gksxk\ D;k blls mlds thou vksj HkkX; esa dksbz cnyko gksxka nwljs 'kcnksa esa D;k blls djksm+ksa Hkw[ks&I;kls xzkeh.k yksxkssa dks Hkw[k ls eqfdr feysxh\ rhkh vki vius lansg vksj LokfHkeku dks nwj gqvk ik,xsaaß vkt vko';drk egkrek xka/kh ds bugha fopkjksa dks lkdkj djus dh gsa fodkl ds ikap n'kd chr tkus ds ckn Hkh] xjhch vkt dh xzkeh.k vfkzo;olfkk vksj xzkeh.k lekt dh izeq[k pquksrh cuh gqbz gsa vkt Hkh gekjs ns'k dh 72 izfr'kr tula[;k xkaoks esa fuokl djrh gsa ;g fufozokn :i ls dgk tk ldrk gs fd Hkkjr dk oklrfod fodkl rhkh lahko gks ldrk gs tc blds xkaoksa ds yksxksa ¼efgyk,oa iq:"k½ dk fodkl gksa xzkeh.k Hkkjr esa efgyk l'kdrhdj.k,d yech vksj dfbu izfø;k gs D;ksafd ;g olrqr% lekt esa mudh gsfl;r ls tqm+k eqík gsa blds fy, xzkeh.k lekt ds yksxksa dh ekufldrk esa ifjorzu ykuk vko';d gsa blh ifjizs{; esa efgykvksa dks ijeijkxr ca/kuksa ls eqdr djus rfkk vkffkzd fodkl dj mugsa l'kdr cukus ds fy, dqn fo'ks"k fj;k;rsa] izksrlkgu vksj laos/kkfud vf/kdkj fn, x, gsaa vc rd efgykvksa ds fy, iapo"khz; ;kstukvksa ds ek/;e ls vusd 'ks{kf.kd] fodklkred,oa dy;k.kdkjh ;kstuk,a lapkfyr dh xbz gsaa fqj Hkh xzkeh.k efgykvksa ds fodkl dh xfr vk'kk ds vuq:i ugha c<+ ik jgh gsaa xzkeh.k efgyk,a fodkl dh nksm+ esa vhkh Hkh dkqh ihns gasa os ifjokj o lekt esa 'kks"k.k vksj izks<+ f'k{kk 21 tuojh&2010

23 vr;kpkj dk f'kdkj gks jgh gsaa efgyk,a [ksrhckm+h ls ysdj etnwjh rd esa iq:"kksa ds lkfk dk;z dj ifjokj dh vk; esa viuk ;ksxnku nsrh gsa ijurq muds }kjk fd, x, vf/kdka'k dk;ksza dks ek= ikfjokfjd nkf;ro ekuk tkrk gsa fomecuk ;g gs fd dke&/ka/ks esa lrr lfø; jgus ij Hkh efgyk,a vkffkzd :i ls vkrefuhkzj ugha gsaa os iq:"kksa ij vkfjr jgrh gsaa ;gh lekt ;k ifjokj esa mudh detksj flfkfr dk ewy dkj.k gsa vr% LoLFk vksj larqfyr xzkeh.k lekt fuekz.k ds fy;s Hkh efgyk fodkl dk dk;z fd;k tkuk t:jh gsa nqfu;k dh lhkh lald`fr;ksa esa lkeku; :i ls ;g lekurk ns[kh xbz gs fd vkhkkoxzlr yksx lewgksa esa jgrs gq, xqtj&clj djrs gsaa lkewfgdrk dk ;gh Hkko Hkkjrh; lald`fr dh vkrek gs ftldk lk{kkr orzeku esa xzkeh.k Hkkjr ds efyu cflr;ksa esa] xjhc rcdks esa] nfyr o oafpr lektksa esa gksrk gsa efgykvksa esa blh lkewfgdrk ds Hkko dks vk/kkj cukrs gq, fu/kzuksa&oafprksa dks vkffkzd muufr dk volj iznku djus ds fy;s] fo'ks"k :i ls tgka efgyk;sa viuh lhkh t:jrksa ds fy;s iq:"kksa ij fuhkzj jgh gs] ßLo&lgk;rk lewgþ dh vo/kkj.k lkeus vkbza vdsyh xzkeh.k efgyk ds fy;s viuh lhekvksa ls ckgj fudydj dqn djuk vksj vkrefuhkzj cukuk vklku ugha gsa blh ckr dks /;ku esa j[kdj Hkkjr esa 1 vizsy 1999 dks Lo.kZ t;arh xzke Lojkstxkj ;kstuk uked u;k dk;zøe ykxw fd;k x;k ftlds varxzr Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa dk fuekz.k fd;k tkrk gsa v/;;u ds mís'; % orzeku v/;;u ds izeq[k mís';ksa esa Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa }kjk xzkeh.k efgykvksa esa vk;s lkekftd] vkffkzd] jktusfrd,oa jgu&lgu ds ifjorzuksa dh Hkwfedk Kkr djus ds lkfk&lkfk budh lel;kvksa dks tkuuk,oa buds lahkkfor lek/kku ryk'kuk FkkA fun'kz % vkadm+ksa dk laxzg lkxj lahkkx ds ikapksa ftys lkxj] neksg] Vhdex<+] Nrjiqj] iuuk ds fofhkuu xkaoksa ds 100 efgyk Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa ds lnl;ksa ls lk{kkrdkj izks<+ f'k{kk 22 tuojh&2010

24 }kjk fd;k x;ka v/;;u fof/k % rf;kred tkudkjh,df=r djus ds fy, 'kks/kdrkz }kjk lk{kkrdkj vuqlwph dk iz;ksx fd;k x;ka lk{kkrdkj vuqlwph ds fofhkuu fcanqvksa ds ek/;e ls izkir rf;ksa ds vk/kkj ij mudk oxhzdj.k,oa fo'ys"k.k dj fu"d"kz izlrqr fd;s x;sa fun'kz dh flfkfr % 'kks/kdrkz }kjk fun'kz dh tkfr] f'k{kk] lnl; la[;k,oa lewg ls tqm+us dh vof/k ds vk/kkj ij fun'kz dh flfkfr % rkfydk Ø- 01 fofhkuu?kvdksa ds vk/kkj ij fun'kz dh flfkfr Ø-?kVd fofhkuu Lrj dqy 01 tkfr vuq- tutkfr vuq- tkfr finm+k oxz lkeku; lnl; la[;k f'k{kk fuj{kj izkfkfed ek/;fed m- ek/;fed mpp f'k{kk lnl; la[;k lnl;ksa dh la[;k lewg la[;k lewg ls tqm+us dh vof/k ¼o"kksZ esa½ 1&2 2&3 3&4 4 ls Åij lewg la[;k fun'kz esa fy;s x;s lkxj lahkkx ¼lkxj] neksg] Nrjiqj] iuuk] Vhdex<+½ ds dqy 100 efgyk Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa }kjk dh tkus okyh izeq[k vkffkzd xfrfof/k;ka bl izdkj gs % izks<+ f'k{kk 23 tuojh&2010

25 rkfydk Ø- 02 v/;;u esa vk;s efgyk Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa dh izeq[k xfrfof/k;ka Ø- lewg xfrfof/k lewg la[;k 01- bzav fuekz.k enyh ikyu cdjh ikyu nw/k Ms;jh eksecùkh$vxjcùkh ouksit laxzg ckwl crzu cm+h ikim+ $ vpkj [kkncht nqdku nfy;k fuekz.k e/;kà Hkkstu flykbz O;olk; efugkjh lcth O;olk; 03 izks<+ f'k{kk 24 tuojh&2010

26 fu"d"kz % 'kks/k v/;;u ls izkir vkadm+ksa ds fo'ys"k.k vksj O;k[;k }kjk izkir fu"d"kksz esa ls vko';drkuqlkj izeq[k fu"d"kz fueukafdr gs % Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa ds lnl;ksa dh tkfr % efgyk Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa esa lokzf/kd lnl; finm+s oxksza dh FkhA lewg lnl;ksa dh f'k{kk % Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa dh vf/kdka'k efgyk,a dsoy izkfkfed Lrj rd dh f'k{kk izkir FkhA lewg lnl;ksa dh la[;k % vf/kdka'k efgyk Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa esa lnl;ksa dh la[;k nl FkhA lewg ls tqm+us dh vof/k % lokzf/kd 37 izfr'kr lewgksa ds lnl; 4,oa mlls vf/kd o"kksza ls lewgksa ls tqm+s ik;s x;sa lewg dh vkffkzd xfrfof/k;ka % efgyk Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa dh vkffkzd xfrfof/k;ksa esa izeq[k :i ls bzv fuekz.k] Ms;jh O;olk;] cdjh ikyu] vxjcùkh O;olk;] flykbz O;olk;] ckal crzu] cm+h ikim+] vpkj fuekz.k] enyh ikyu] efugkjh] e/;ku Hkkstu] nfy;k fuekz.k vkfn FksA bu izeq[k vkffkzd xfrfof/k;ksa esa vf/kdka'k dk;z os Fks ftuesa igys dsoy iq:"kksa dk,dkf/kdkj gqvk djrk Fkk ij lewgksa ds ek/;e ls efgyk;sa ;s dk;z lqyrk iwozd laiuu dj jgh gsaa izks<+ f'k{kk 25 tuojh&2010

27 lweg ls tqm+us ds dkj.k % lhkh xjhc xzkeh.k efgykvksa ds Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa ls tqm+us ds dkj.k ojh;rk Øe esa vkrefuhkzj cuuk] viuh lgk;rk Lo;a djuk] viuh {kerk c<+kuk] cpr dh izo`fùk dk fodkl djuk FkkA vr% dgk tk ldrk gs xzkeh.k efgyk;sa Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa ds ek/;e ls vius fodkl dks xfr ns jgh gsaa lewg dh csbd % lewg ls tqm+h efgyk;sa fu;fer :i ls csbd djrh FkhA csbd esa efgykvksa dh miflfkfr 75 izfr'kr ls Åij ik;h x;ha ;g Hkh ik;k x;k fd lhkh lewg viuh lnl;ksa ds ;gka ckjh&ckjh ls csbdsa djrs FksA bu csbdksa esa os vius fodkl dh ;kstuk cukus ds lkfk&lkfk viuh lkewfgd,oa O;fDrxr lel;kvksa ij Hkh ppkz djrh,oa muds lek/kku dk iz;kl Hkh djrh FkhA lewg dh cpr % efgyk lewgksa ds 4@5 Hkkx }kjk ekfld cpr fd;k tkuk ns[kk x;ka vf/kdka'k efgyk lewgksa ds lnl; 50 :i;ksa dh fu;fer ekfld cpr dj jgs FksA ;s lhkh efgyk,a ;g cpr jkf'k viuh etnwjh,oa vu; dk;ksza ls feyh jde esa ls dqn&dqn jkf'k cpkdj djrh FkhA lewg }kjk fn;s x;s _.k % efgyk lewgksa ds 3@4 Hkkx }kjk lewg ls vkffkzd ysu&nsu fd;k tkuk ik;k x;ka lkfk gh fn;s x;s _.k okilh dh flfkfr vpnh ik;h x;ha bu efgykvksa us lewg ls tks _.k fy;k mldk mi;ksx cppksa dh i<+kbz] chekjh] Hkkstu] R;kSgkj]?kjsyw lkexzh Ø;,oa fookg tsls dk;ksza esa fd;k ftlds fy;s bugsa ges'kk iq:"kksa ij fuhkzj jguk im+rk FkkA _.k okilh u gksus ij dh tkus okyh dk;zokgh % izks<+ f'k{kk 26 tuojh&2010

28 ftu efgyk lewg ds lnl;ksa us lewg dk _.k le; ij ugha yksvk;k mlds fy;s lewg ds lnl;ksa }kjk mudks le>kus] mudh lel;k dks tkuus,oa mldk lek/kku [kkstus] de ls de fdlrksa esa _.k tek djokus] tek jkf'k ls _.k dkvus vkfn dk iz;kl fd;k x;ka lewg ds ys[ks % 90 izfr'kr efgyk lewgksa ds ikl muds lewg ds ys[ks fyf[kr :i esa ekstwn FksA ;s ys[ks lewg ds gh v/;{k,oa lfpo ds }kjk fy[kk x;k Fkk,oa mugha ds }kjk budk j[kj[kko Hkh fd;k tkrk FkkA bu lewgksa ds vui<+ efgyk v/;{k,oa lfpoksa us igys fy[kuk,oa i<+uk lh[kk,oa ckn esa xkao ds lfpo,oa lgk;d folrkj fodkl vf/kdkjh ls ys[kksa dks fy[ks tkus dk izf'k{k.k ysdj Lo;a vius lewg ds ys[ks fy[ksa blls bugksaus i<+us&fy[kus ds lkfk&lkfk vius thou Lrj esa Hkh lq/kkj fd;ka lewgksa dh xzsfmax % v/;;u esa vk;s 80 izfr'kr lewgksa dks csad }kjk _.k,oa vuqnku izkir gqvk FkkA efgyk lewgksa ds yxhkx 3@4 Hkkx }kjk izkir _.kksa dk iz;ksx lewg dh vkffkzd xfrfof/k dks vkxs c<+kus esa fd;k ftlls mugsa jkstxkj izkir gqvka vr% lewg ls tqm+us ds ckn bu efgykvksa esa jkstxkj djus,oa jkf'k dk lgh mi;ksx djus dh le> c<+ha lkfk gh mugksaus vius vkidks vkffkzd,ao lekftd :i ls l'kdr cukus dk lgh jklrk Hkh lh[k fy;ka lewgksa dh lel;k;sa % efgyk Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa }kjk crykbz xbz lel;kvksa esa izeq[k :i ls lewg ds izf'k{k.k dh deh] lgk;d folrkj fodkl vf/kdkjh dk mfpr lg;ksx u feyuk] lewg ds dkeksa ds fy;s deh'ku ekaxk tkuk] csadksa }kjk i;kzir lg;ksx u nsuk] lewg dh xzsfmax le; ij u gksuk] izks<+ f'k{kk 27 tuojh&2010

29 lewg xfrfof/k ds vuqlkj izf'k{k.k dk vkhkko] le; ij _.k u feyuk,oa rs;kj eky ds LFkku,oa ifjogu dh lel;k;sa vkfn FkhA bu lel;kvksa ds ckotwn lewg dh efgyk lnl;ksa us vkifrr ifjflfkfr;ksa dk MVdj eqdkcyk djrs gq, lewg,oa lewg dh vkffkzd xfrfof/k dks lrr :i ls vkxs c<+k;ka lq>ko % efgyk Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa dk xbu djrs le; bl ckr dk fo'ks"k /;ku j[kk tkuk pkfg;s fd lewg dh lhkh efgyk;sa leku vko';drk okyh,oa xjhch js[kk ds uhps thou ;kiu djus okyh gksa rkfd mugsa ;kstuk dk Hkjiwj ykhk fey ldsa izk;% ;g ns[kk x;k gs fd xkao dh xjhc efgyk;sa dksbz dk;z u gksus dh flfkfr esa?kj ij gh viuk lkjk le; cppksa dh ns[khkky,oa?kj ds vu; dkeksa dks djus esa cckzn dj nsrh gsaa vr% bu efgykvksa dks Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa ds ek/;e ls fofhkuu izdkj ds NksVs&NksVs dqvhj m ksx tsls & vpkj&ikim+] cm+h&fuekz.k] lkcqu fuekz.k] i'kqikyu] ckal crzu,oa vu; blh rjg ds LFkkuh; vko';drk okys dk;ksaz ls tksm+k tkuk pkfg;sa rkfd ;s viuh vk; c<+k ldsaa xzkeh.k xjhc efgykvksa dks lekt] ifjokj] lkgwdkjksa,oa egktuksa ds pqaxy ls cpkus rfkk muesa psruk txkus gsrq Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa dks c<+kok nsuk pkfg, D;ksafd ;s lewg efgykvksa dh lkekftd] vkffkzd,oa jktusfrd fodkl ds fy, vr;ar mi;ksxh fl) gq;s gsaa vr% efgyk Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa ds xbu ds ckn le; ij budh ekfuvfjax] izf'k{k.k] lgh le; ij xzsfmax] _.k,oa vuqnku] lkekftd dk;z],oa le; ij vu; nwljs lqy lewgksa ds lkfk izf'k{k.k fn;k tkuk pkfg,a blds fy;s LFkkuh; iapk;rksa] LFkkuh; lalfkkvksa] 'kkldh;,oa v'kkldh; laxbuksa }kjk vf/kd ls vf/kd xjhc,oa csjkstxkj efgykvksa dks Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa ls tksm+us dk iz;kl djuk pkfg;sa rhkh xzkeh.k izks<+ f'k{kk 28 tuojh&2010

30 efgyk,a lgh fn'kk esa dne mbk dj Lo&lgk;rk lewg ds ek/;e ls ns'k ds fodkl esa viuh xfjeke;h ;ksxnku ns ldsxhaa fu"d"kz % dgk tk ldrk gs fd Lo&lgk;rk lewg le; ds lkfk xkaoksa ds pgqaeq[kh fodkl,oa xzkeh.k efgykvksa dh flfkfr esa lq/kkj ykrs gq, xzkeh.k efgykvksa ds l'kdrhdj.k dks,d lgh fn'kk,oa u;k vk;ke nsus esa lefkz gks ldsaxsaa lanhkz xzafk lwph xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky; ds xzkeh.k fodkl dk;zøeksa ds dk;kzuo;u ds pkj o"kz % ¼2004&2008½ Hkkjr ljdkj] xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky; d`f"k Hkou] ubz fnyyh] vxlr 2008] i`"b la[;k 31 tu lk{kjrk % jkt; lalk/ku dsunz] izks<+ f'k{kk] Hkkjrh; xzkeh.k efgyk la?k] banksj] ¼e-iz-½] vad ekpz 2008] i`"b 40]41A efgyk fof/k Hkkjrh % fof/k Hkkjrh ifj"kn] ch-,p- 148 ¼iwohZ½ 'kkyhekj ckx ¼fnYyh½] vad 53] vdvwcj&fnlecj 2007ª fohkkxh; iz'kkldh; izfrosnu % e/; izns'k 'kklu,oa iapk;r,oa xzkeh.k fodkl fohkkx o"kz 2000 ls 2008 rd tsu] ch-,e- fjlpz esfkmksykwth] fjlpz ifcyds'ku] t;iqj] 1999 fejk] bafn'k % xjhc efgyk,a m/kkj,oa jkstxkj] fdrkc?kj] ubz fnyyh] 2000 izks<+ f'k{kk 29 tuojh&2010

31 ;qok m eh vksj fodflr Hkkjr &Hkkjrh tks'kh Hkkjr dh baæ/kuq"kh fofo/krk ] lkald`frd fofo/krk ]Hkkoiw.kZ laxhr vksj ns'k ds fo'kky HkwHkkx ds yksxksa ds fopkjksa dh,drk us gekjh ijeijk dks le`) fd;k gsa ckotwn blds Lora=rk feyus ds 62 o"kksza ds mijkar Hkh fodflr Hkkjr dk liuk iwjk ugha gqvka ns'k ds vkffkzd fodkl dks rst djus ]lald`fr vksj lh;rk dks lajf{kr j[kus ds fy, cgqr ls dk;z vhkh djus gksaxsa gekjk ns'k izpqj ek=k esa izkd`frd lalk/kuksa ls lqlfttr gsa yxhkx 55 djksm+ ;qokvksa ds l'kdr gkfk vksj mozj fnekx ekstwn gs rc Hkh fodflr jk"vª cuus esa nsjh gks jgh gs] vkf[kj D;ksa \ vkt rsth ls cnyrh vfkzo;olfkk esa lcls vf/kd pquksfr;ksa dk lkeuk ;qokvksa dks gh djuk im+ jgk gsa ;qokvksa ls vis{kk,a Hkh vis{kkd`r vf/kd c<+ xbz gsaa ;qok oxz vkt vleatl ds nksj ls xqtj jgk gsa,d vksj nqfu;k ds lkfk dnerky djus ds fy, muesa vk/kqfud rduhd ls lqlfttr gksus dh gksm+ eph gs rks nwljh vksj] bl nksm+ esa os dbz ckj ghurk dk f'kdkj gks dj volknxzlr gks jgs gasa bl rjg ds tfvy ekgksy esa muesa fufgr LokHkkfod dq'kyrk, ne rksm+ jgh gsa tcfd gekjs le; dh ekax ;g gs fd 'kgjh vksj xzkeh.k ;qok vius vklikl ekstwn lalk/kuksa dk Hkjiwj mi;ksx dj vk/kqfud Kku ds lgkjs voljksa dk fuekz.k djsa ftlls Lo;a mudk,oe lkfk gh lekt vksj jk"vª dk rsth ls fodkl gks ldsa pquksfriw.kz dk;ksza dsk leiuu djus ds fy, ;qokvksa ls gh vis{kk dh tkrh gs D;ksafd ^;qok^ esa gh ok;q lh cgus dh rkdr gksrh gsa og vius mrlkg] tks'k vksj meax dh c;kj esa lekt dks cnyus dh 'kfdr j[krk gsa,d vuqdj.kh; ;qok usr`ro og gs tks Lo;a ds ctk; lekt ds fy, dke djsa vius lkfk dke djus okyksa dh lel;kvksa] Hkkoukvksa vksj ckrksa dks le>s ;gh mlds mÿke usr`ro {kerk dh igpku gsa tc Hkh dksbz dk;z djs rks flqz /ku dekus dk gh mìs'; u gks cfyd gj dke,d fo'ks"k mìs'; dh iwfrz ds fy, fd;k tk; A ;qokvksa esa Kku dh deh fcydqy ugha gsa vkt bavjusv ds L=ksr ls Kkuxaxk Hkjiwj cg jgh gsa cl fnekx dks tkx:d j[kus dh vko';drk izks<+ f'k{kk 30 tuojh&2010

32 gs A fd'kksj mez lius ns[kus dh gksrh gs rks ;qokolfkk lius iwjs djus dha fodflr Hkkjr cukus ds fy, vkt jk"vª dks ;qok m fe;ksa dh vko';drk gsa izluurk dh ckr ;g gs fd vkt ;qokvksa ds vkn'kz MkW- vcnqy dyke vktkn] /kh:hkkbz vackuh] fcy xsv~l tsls lsyq esm esu gs ftu ij fdlh xkm Qknj dk lk;k ugha FkkA lqyrk ds vkdk'k esa txexkus okys,sls gh flrkjksa dh jks'kuh esa viuh tehu ryk'k jgs gsa vkt ds ;qok m eh A fdlh Hkh m Ekh dks mlds dk;ksza ls gh igpku feyrh gsa ;qok m eh gh fo'ks"k dk;z tsls & lsok] O;kikj] m ksx djus ds fy, u;s fopkjksa dks tue nsrk gs vksj bu fopkjksa dks fø;kfuor djus ds fy, viuh vksj ls igy djrk gs] vkrefo'okl vksj vkrecy fn[kkrk gs rkfd mldk ;g fopkj,d m e dk :Ik ys ldsa vkt ds ifjos'k esa ;g /kkj.kk /kwfey im+ pqdh gs fd m ferk fdlh fo'ks"k LFkku] ifjokj] {ks=] tkfr vkfn ij fuhkzj djrh gsa vkt ds nksj esa izr;sd ;qok lqy m eh fl) gks ldrk gs c'krsz og eu] opu vksj dez dh f=os.kh esa ugk dj vius esa,d m eh cuus ds xq.k isnk dj ysa m ferk ds dksbz vyx fo'ks"k xq.k ugha gksrs gs cfyd ftu xq.kksa ls ;qok ycjst jgrk gs mlh esa,d lqy m eh dh dq'kyrk Hkh fufgr gksrh gs tsls gj ;qok vius fy, dqn [kkl miyfc/k dh pkg j[krk gs A blh pkg dks iwjk djus ds fy, og vko';d dne mbkrk gsa ;g pkg ;qokvksa esa,d izfr;ksfxrk dh Hkkouk dks tue nsrh gs vksj ;gh Hkkouk,d ekin.m fu/kzkfjr djrh gs ftlds vk/kkj ij,d LoLF; izfr;ksfxrk pyrh jgrh gsa O;kikj] m ksx] [ksy] f'k{kk] dyk dksbz Hkh {ks= gks buesa vkxs vkus ds fy, ;qok lrr~ iz;kl djrk gs rkfd og mrd`"vrk gkfly dj ldsa ;gh vfhko`fÿk Lo;a ds dk;z ds fy, m e'khyrk esa lgk;d gksrh gsa miyfc/k dh pkg ds lkfk lkfk ;qokvksa esa vius ckjs esa ldkjkred lksp dk gksuk Hkh vko';d gs A ;qok m eh dks vius dk;ksza ds ifj.kkeksa ds i{k esa lkspuk pkfg, tsls & os Lo;a ds fy, fu/kkzfjr dk;z dks dj ldrs gs] mugsa lqyrk feysxh] os dfbu dke dks djus esa Hkh l{ke gsaa bl rjg ds ldkjkred Hkkoksa ls vkrefo'okl vksj vkredq'kyrk dks c<+kok feyrk gsa ldkjkred fopkjksa ls gh ;qok m eh lel;kvksa dk lek/kku dj ldrk gsa m eh og ;qok gs tks lel;kvksa dks cqykrk gs vksj lel;k, gh lkfcr djrh gs fd og izks<+ f'k{kk 31 tuojh&2010

33 vlyh m eh gsa lel;kvksa ls [ksyuk mldk 'kksd cu tkrk gsa tsls tsls lel;kvksa ds gy feyrs tkrs gsa vkrefo'okl vksj lqyrk ds }kj [kqyrs tkrs gsaa blds fy, ;qok m eh dks vius dk;z fo'ks"k dks iwjk djus ds fy, lcls vpnh fof/k p;fur dj mugsa ykxw djus ls iwoz muds i{k vksj foi{k ij euu dj ysuk pkfg, rkfd lel;kvksa dk iwokzuqeku yxk;k tk ldsa lel;k vkus ij mugsa Vkys ugha cfyd mudk lkeuk djs vksj Hkfo"; ds izfr vk'kkfuor jgsa ;g Li"V gs fd lekt esa vkt pkjks vksj Hkz"Vkpkj O;kIr gs vksj dke djus esa vusd eqf'dyksa dk vkuk LokHkkfod gsa dke djus dk okrkoj.k Hkh vuqdwy ugha gsa fdurq,d m eh dks ;fn lqy gksuk gs rks og viuk dke bzekunkjh ls djsa dgrs gsa fd ;fn iwjs dqa, esa Hkkax feyh gks rks og ikuh ihus ds ctk, feujy okvj ij fuhkzjrk Hkyh gsa ;gh ckr m e esa Hkh ykxw gksrh gsa Hkys gh gj rjq Hkz"V okrkoj.k gks bzekunkjh gh viuk 'kl= gksuk pkfg,a vius vklikl ds okrkoj.k ls tkudkfj;k,df=r dj mugsa fo'ysf"kr djrs jguk pkfg,a rkfd y{; ;k uhfr ds izfr laosnu'khy jgrs gq, izhkko ds vuq:i mls viukus ;k muls nwj jgus dk fu.kz; vklkuh ls fy;k tk lds vksj m eh }kjk vius mìs';ksa dks izkir fd;k tk ldsa bl rjg ls,d ;qok vius LokHkkfod xq.kksa dks igpku dj lqy m eh cu ldrk gs vksj vius m e ds y{; dks le;c) rjhds ls gkfly dj ldrk gs A ;qok m fe;ksa dks ;kn j[kuk gksxk fd vkbdkwu isnk ugha gksrs cfyd blh lekt esa fufezr gksrs gsaa ;qok m fe;ksa dks os ckrsa ;kn j[kuh pkfg, tks Lo;a vksj lekt dh csgrjh ds fy, t:jh gsa fodflr Hkkjr ds lius dks lkdkj djus okys gj ;qok m eh dks,d dfork dh ;g iafdr;k vius tsgu esa vafdr dj ysuk pkfg,& ^tc Nwuk pkgks vkdk'k er lkspks dksu gks rqe bpnk tks Hkh gksxh fny esa gks tk,xh oks iwjh*aa izks<+ f'k{kk 32 tuojh&2010

34 Hindrances in Implementing CE Programme - A Study Nivedita Kundu Introduction Literacy is a composite programme of Total Literacy Campaign (TLC) followed by Post Literacy Programme (PLP) and Continuing Education Programme (CEP). TLC started with the objectives of making people literate; to make them aware of several aspects like health hazards and to take remedial as well as preventive measures including upgradation of the existing functional skills. Continuing Education Programme was formulated with an idea to make a learning society by offering them lifelong education. With this objective in view it had planned four target specific programmes for achieving the goal. But its main objective was to make a learned and rational society. However in the first year of the implementation of the programme, priority was given to the identification and setting-up of CECs and NCECs with ten core activities like, (1) teaching-learning centre for remaining non-literates and neo-literates, (2) library, (3) group discussion, (4) reading circle, (5) information window, upgradation (7) extension facility of other development departments, (8) sports & games, (9) cultural activities, (10) creative functional skill. According to NLM, one CEC was setup for 2000 to 2500 population and one NCEC to monitor CECs. There were two full time employees - one Prerak and one Assistant Prerak in each CEC and NCEC. According to NLMA norm, qualification of Preraks was either Madhyamic passed or Higher Secondary passed. But there was also relaxation in the qualification, if qualified Preraks are not available in any given area. In that situation, less qualified but competent persons were engaged. There were two Block Coordinators (one Govt. official and the other a District Resource Person). Their task was to monitor the programme. In some districts, a few non-official Block Coordinators had been employed against a monthly payment of Rs. 3000/- or 4000/-. The Prerak was paid Rs. 700/- per month and Assistant Prerak Rs. 500/- per month. In case of Nodal CEC, Prerak was paid Rs. 1200/- while his Assistant was paid Rs. 700/- per month. ZSS was the implementing agency of the programme. It had an organisational structure from the District to Panchayat level like Sub-divisional Saksharta Committee, Block Saksharta Committee and Gram Panchayat Saksharta Committee. Wherever necessary, booth level Saksharta Committees were also constituted. There were four categories of beneficiaries who could take part in the programme. They were (a) non-literates, (b) neo-literates, (c) school dropouts and (d) interested community members. There was a negative impression regarding the achievements of literacy programmes which no literacy functionary could accept. Infact, inspite of many hurdles in the implementation of literacy programmes, there were tangible results in many areas, some of which are enumerated below: (1) Over the period parents realised the utility of education for their children. Hence, enrollment in ICDS centres, SSK, MSK and Primary Schools had increased and also the rate of school dropouts had reduced. (2) Considerable decline in health hazards and diarrheal deaths were noticed as a izks<+ f'k{kk 33 tuojh&2010

35 result of enhanced consciousness regarding water sanitation. (3) Use of sanitary latrines was popularized. (4) Growth rate reduced from (1991 Census) to per 1000 in (5) Improvements in decadal sex ratio can be claimed as a success of literacy. In 1991, the female sex ratio was 917 per thousand males whereas in 2001 it increased to 934 females per 1000 males. This indicates that attitude towards girl child had improved. (6) According to 1991 census, the literacy rate of West Bengal was 57.7% but in 2001, it reached to 69.22%. This was the direct impact of literacy programme. (7) The cases of early marriages have reduced as a result of increased awareness among the neo-literates regarding the ill effects of it. (8) Participation in Gram Sansad meeting has enhanced. (9) SHGs have been formed in most of the CECs/NCECs which have empowered women, the major beneficiaries of literacy programme economically. Achievements apart, the SRC, responsible for providing technical and academic support to ZSSs and their functionaries felt that the CE programme was not implemented properly as per the given guidelines. Therefore, in order to find the actual situation in the field, it decided to conduct a small study so that the fact can be brought to the notice of the planners and implementers. Title of the Study A study to underline the hindrances in the implementation of CEP with special reference to South 24 Parganas. Objectives of the study - To find out impediments for implementing Continuing Education Programme. - To assess difficulties, if any, at the grassroot level to make the CE programme a success. - To provide suggestions to remove the hindrances. Collection of data The data for the study was collected through structured interview schedule. Size of Sample Baruipur Block of South 24-Parganas was selected for the study in which 25 CECs and 5 NCECs were covered. Profile of the district South 24-Parganas is an adjacent district of Kolkata metropolis. It is linked in the north by North 24-Parganas, south by the Bay of Bengal, east by Bangladesh and on the west by the Hooghly river. There are five Sub-divisions in this district. They are Alipore, Baruipur, Canning, Diamond Harbour and Kakdwip. The sub-divisions are divided into 29 Blocks. There are six Municipalities also in this district. izks<+ f'k{kk 34 tuojh&2010

36 Profile of Baruipur Block of Baruipur Subdivision This Block has a total of 19 Gram Panchayats (GPs) out of which only five GPs were selected by ZSS and study was administered in those Gram Panchayats. It was stated earlier that not a single CEC resembled a real CEC. Those were just like a learning centre in the pattern of TLC. Hence no discussion was held there. Out of 25 Preraks and 25 Assistant Preraks only 7 Preraks appeared as properly trained up because they had some perception about their role. This will be pertinent to mention here that all learners of those CECs were so much interested to learn that they regularly attended the centres and were so keen to learn that even if any CEC remain closed they approached the Prerak to teach them. All of them were reading either Primer-I or II. It was reported that during TLC in Ramnagar IGP few learners learnt 3 R's and after that they started doing private tuition and till the date of the data collection they reportedly earned from their private tuition. As CECs didn't have their own room or place, many non-literates of the area didn't want to attain centres running in someone's house because of their personal or familial dispute. In South 24-Parganas, only Preraks were approved to get a payment of Rs. 300/- per month while in other districts both Prerak and Assistant Preraks were paid. So the district administration decided to divide the amount of Rs. 300/- between them. The district again had thought to submit a revised plan but till the approval of the submitted plan it paid Rs. 150/- per month to both its Preraks and Assistant Preraks as honorarium. The state of affair was so grim that even this amount was not being paid regularly. In spite of this meager amount, Preraks took it as their employment. Later on the nature of their job was clarified. It was surprising that they were very much satisfied with such a meager amount of honorarium. Preraks had their dedication and devotion. They worked on behalf of Panchayat and contributed voluntary service without any hesitation and apathy. If they were trained properly they would have became very efficient. Analysis of Data : (1) Only 3 CECs (1 each in Shankarpur-I and Shankarur-II and 1 in Ramnagar G.Ps) were found running permanent centre in a clubroom. One CEC was found running in an ICDS room and rest CECs were being conducted in the courtyards of Preraks or neighbours of local area. None of them was decorated like a CEC. All NCECs were having a permanent room in concerned Panchayat office. These NCECs used to open regularly from A.M. to 5 P.M. All of them were found fully decorated and displayed with posters. Each of them was having 20 different kinds of CE books and Primers. Books were kept properly and some story books were lent out to local interested members. (2) None of the NCECs of which Neo-literates and some local interested people were the main visitors had any information window. Nodal Preraks had an idea about their role but some of their assigned activities were ambiguous to them and they failed to find out means to execute them. One female Nodal Prerak of Ramnagar-I GP was very smart and she showed her activity chart prepared on consultation with health and agriculture workers. Hence there were demands to fill-up the vacant posts. Although there were one izks<+ f'k{kk 35 tuojh&2010

37 honorary Block Co-ordinator in each Blocks but they were not involved either by ZSS or Blocks in organizing the programmes. One Official Block Co-ordinator was there as an LMEEO (Extension Officer) who instead of doing literacy work was mostly busy with administrative & other works assigned by BDO of the concerned Block. In few cases, it was found that some of them were reportedly so busy with other works that they could not even recognize the venue of CE/and NCECs. Some of them who were treating the preraks as their subordinate were having no exposure to CEP and its monitoring system. Obviously there were some officials who had aptitude and knowledge of CEP but were overburdened with work other than literacy and were unable to execute their actual role. (3) At the district level regular monthly meeting of ZSS was held but the same was not followed by the lower tiers of it. The Core Committee of steering body of ZSS several times decided to undertake some action to revive CEP and reopen CECs but somehow the decision was lost in the implementing stage. Individual job assignments among ZSS members were very neatly formulated. Issues regarding environment building were raised in the meeting and it was resolved to tag linked departments like health, nutrition family planning, agriculture etc. with CEP but due to lack of initiative and motivation, it could not be implemented. It was also decided to furnish and use CECs as a Development Centre but in actual practice no CECs could be constituted as a development centre. Proper monitoring through meeting and supervision at all levels was solicited but somehow it was absolutely absent at the field level. (4) Achievement of literacy programme depends largely on the monitoring system of CECs and the Nodal Preraks are supposed to carryout these tasks. In Baruipur Block Nodal Preraks reported that they had started visiting CECs regularly. During the tenure of Smt. Sulekha Mondal, a smart young lady with very clear conception of CEP frequent visit of CECs were made by Nodal Preraks. She was very well conversant with CEP objectives and always gave her suggestions to from an information window in a CEC. She requested Panchayat Pradhans to disseminate information of all Govt. schemes and arrange training to all CECs through NCEC. But it could not be materialized. Researcher observed that the GPs lacked unanimous political support. (5) The CEC signboard is essentially for spreading the massage among the villagers. A suggestion was placed by the District Co-ordinator in this regard which was accepted. Hence, there were newly signboards for all the CECs /NCECs in the region. (6) The Village Education Committees were not active in all the cases. A few Pradhans were also not very interested although they belonged to the ruling party. Instead, they were more interested on construction & financial matter rather than literacy programme. (7) The ZSS wanted to involve NGOs in making CEP a success but in Baruipur District, one of the NGOs, Nistha paid Rs.60/- (Rs. sixty) to per enrolled student which hampered the programme. (8) In comparison to male Preraks, number of female Prerak was less and it was replied that qualified female Preraks were not found in this district. izks<+ f'k{kk 36 tuojh&2010

38 (9) Preraks were very keen to implement CEP with its all components but due to absence of favorable atmosphere in CEC & its locality they could not implement their acquired knowledge skillfully. Throughout the district, it was noticed that a number of Preraks were unable to accept the teaching methodology of CEP. Very often they failed to understand the science behind this non-formal education. (10) A reasonable amount of fund was allotted to Blocks to reimburse the conveyance charge to the Block Coordinators for monitoring CECs and NCECs but most of the Blocks neither disbursed the amount nor reported it to the District authorities.. As a result, further proposal could not be sent to NLMA in time. The practical problem was that there were very few committed officers for the programme. Therefore, the need of full time personnel responsible for looking after the CE programme was felt. (11)Since literacy is a public programme all political parties along with the ruling one need to be involved. During TLC and PLP it was intelligently done. As a result the programme could claim success. But in CEP level this cooperation was absent. (12) Allotted literacy materials sometimes were sent to the Blocks but CECs could not utilize it due to non co-operation of Block and GP functionaries. (13) The study feels that very often the ruling party didn't see any role of the opposition in the furtherance of the cause of literacy which in turn hamper the cause of people's progress. (14) The study clearly indicates the apathy of Pradhans in executing the role of CE centres. It found complete lack of initiative by the Pradhans in conducting the regular meeting of literacy in the area. (15) Like all districts this Block also started its TLC & PLP with Voluntary effort. Primary and secondary teachers became Master Trainers. All elected members and several officials took part in the programme. During TLC/PLP period, learners were offered with special benefits like priority of ration card and facility of loans etc. But the same was absent in the case of CEP. (16) The district faced an acute problem during the selection of Preraks. Since inception of the literacy programme it faced two general elections when a massive political change of local representative took place. It was observed that ruling party awarded their pet supporters with the certificate of VT and without dedicating any voluntary work few persons became Preraks. Those certificate holders also had a say in selection of primary school teacher. This situation raised unrest among actual dedicated VTs in some Blocks like (1) Kultuli (2) Jaynagar-II, (3) Part of Kulpi Block (3 GRs). The VTs here sued a case in High court for which the programme faced a deadlocked there. Conclusion : 1) The CEP is a well planned programme which can promote our country in alleviating poverty and eradicating illiteracy and ignorance. But the agony is izks<+ f'k{kk 37 tuojh&2010

39 that there are gaps between the cup and lips. Laboratory experiments sometimes fail in the actual field. The same happened with the CEP in the Baruipur Block. CEP here could have succeeded if a real commitment had been generated among the masses. 2) The CE Programme is knitted in such a way that its proper implementation will remove all darkness of progress and will kiss the dawn of national development but in reality, besides a few CECs, no others CECs prepare and follows the calendar and try to keep liaison with other Govt. departments to keep pace with the recent developments. 3) Lack of monitoring also hampers the programme in achieving the desired target. NLMA remains satisfied only with the monthly monitoring report filled with it. In absence of a proper feedback system and qualitative criticism the whole exercise remains only on paper. Officers of SLMA rarely visit districts and CECs. They never enrich districts with qualitative criticism because they never analyse the lapses (flows) of the programme. Mass Education Extension Officers sometimes visit district with a team headed by the Honorable Ministers of the Dept. This visit motivates the district with a very temporary effect. If the frequency of such visit is enhanced, its impact may last for a longer duration. 4) In all districts, some over burdened political leaders and political personnel create unfavorable situation for the implementation of literacy programmes. There are some junior capable leaders who can make the programme a success and carry it effectively fulfilling everybody's expectation but either their skills are ignored or they are denied to work further without following the green signals of senior leaders. 5) SRC is responsible for imparting training to the literacy functionaries and also for material preparation. There are Faculty Members holding two three districts on their shoulders. They impart training according to districts' demand which is always less than required days and hours. Naturally it fails to deliver the necessary impact. 6) CECs must have a permanent place because they have many things to display and preserve. As they do not have their own room, they keep CECs materials in their home and do not use regularly. Presently these materials have turned into a valuable show pieces only. There must be issued a circular from District- primary or secondary dept. to allot a room for CECs at the time when the school is over. 7) In CEP, Preraks too desires to get certain leverage for their selection in government jobs which often creates problem. While motivating Preraks they must be clarified about the status of their jobs. 8) In some districts it is observed that Local Govt. and administration cannot work hand in hand which needs to be sorted out. 9) Pradhans sometimes lack necessary motivation while implementing the izks<+ f'k{kk 38 tuojh&2010

40 CEP. Along with the Sabhapaties they also think CEP a dead programme. Lack of awareness at this level is detrimental for the CEP 10) Apart from its success level the CEP or literacy programmes have created enormous impact on the society. During TLC there were separate literacy centres for men and women. Now a days CECs are for common use. Men and women are together learning the skills of livelihood which has increased the level of confidence among the women folk. It has also increased women participation in Gram Sansad meeting. 11) Universalisation of primary education can be realized only through cent percent female literacy. Mother's education has enhanced enrolment in primary school but still there is a high rate of dropouts. 12) Like other districts, a good number of SHGs has been formed in this South 24 Parganas. Even many clubs have organised women to form SHGs to undertake economic activity for supplementary income but the misfortune is that literacy workers as well as Preraks never think to inter-link those SHGs with CECs. If Preraks find almost 60-70% non-literates in each group and can advise them to join the literacy centre, or they may advise SHG leaders to make their members literate with the help of Preraks and Assistant Preraks, they may achieve their objectives. Suggestion : (1) There are Shiksha Karmadhyaksha in each Block. They can involve themselves in monitoring CECs of all GPs. For that purpose they can be provided with a vehicle in order to enhance their mobility. (2) Before mobilizing fund for making a room for CEP official should a proper land for the purpose. (3) CEP is a programme of the people and for the people. Hence people participation across all the belief, caste and creed must be ensured. (4) Deputy Magistrates who are Officers-in-charge of literacy programme are frequently transferred. As a result districts suffer from absence of experienced and philanthropic officials. Hence an O.C. must hold his/her post at least for an important phase of programme implementation. (5) Non-official Block Coordinators should also be involved and honoured for their devotion and service. (6) A conducive atmosphere and environment must be created in order to generate a tempo in favour of CEP to wipe off all hindrances at the centre. izks<+ f'k{kk 39 tuojh&2010

41 gekjs ys[kd MkW- vuwih les;k C/o Jh frydpanz les;k uxj fuxe ekds ZV ds ihns dvjk cktkj] lkxj ¼e- iz-½ fe`nqyk lsb ts&33] yktir uxj&iii ubz fnyyh& MkW egsunz dqekj oekz jhmj f'k{kk fohkkx 'kks/k v/;;u,oa f'k{kk fohkkx Lokeh 'kqdnsokuun LukrdksRrj egkfo ky;] 'kkgtgk iqj ¼m- iz-½ MkW- fodkl eksnh izodrk 'kkgxkso)zuyky dkcjk f'k{kd egkfo ky; dqm+h Hkxrkluh gk- cksmz] ckluh tks/kiqj & MkW- ftrsunz dqekj ik.ms; vfrffk O;k[;krk],oa MkW- izfrhkk ik.ms; fohkkxk/;{k izks<+] lrr f'k{kk,ao folrkj fohkkx MkW- gjhflag xksj dsunzh; fo-fo-] lkxj ¼e/; izns'k½ MkW- Hkkjrh tks'kh Lkgk;d vkthou f'k{k.k fohkkx] nsoh vfgy;k fo'ofo ky;] banksj MkW-fuosfnrk dq.mq leuo;d jkt; lalk/ku ds anz 50] csfy;k?kkvk esu jksm dksydùkk&700010] if'pe caxky izks<+ f'k{kk 40 tuojh&2010

42 laj{kd izks- Hkokuh'kadj xxz v/;{k Jh dsyk'k pks/kjh Hkkjrh; izks<+ f'k{kk la?k dk;zdkfj.kh lfefr lg&lfpo Jh lq/khj pvthz Jh izqqyy ukxj MkW- ih-,- jsm~mh MkW- fuezyk uqoky mik/;{k Jherh jktjh fclokl izks-,-,p- [kku izks- v:.k fejk Mk-,y- jktk izks-,l-okbz- 'kkg egklfpo MkW- enu flag dks"kk/;{k Mk- euksgj flag jk.kkor la;qdr lfpo Jh,-,y- HkkxZo lnl; Jherh bunzk iqjksfgr lqjh dqunk lqisdj Jherh lqjs[kk [kksr izks- lq'khys xksmk MkW- eqryky ivsy izks- oh- js?kq MkW-,l-,y- 'kekz MkW- vks-ih-,e- f=ikbh lg;ksftr lnl; Jh,p-lh- ikjh[k izks- lqjsunz flag lqjh fu'kkr Qk:[k+ Jh gjh'k dqekj,l- Jh lqjs'k punz [k.msyoky

43 ikslvy jftlvªs'ku ua0 izks<+ f'k{kk tuojh 2010] vkj-,u-vkbz- Indian Adult Education Association wishes all the readers Happy Republic Day 2010 LoRof/kdkjh Hkkjrh; izks<+ f'k{kk la?k ds fy, egklfpo Mk- enu flag }kjk 17&ch vkbz-ih-,lvsv] ubz fnyyh&2 ls izdkf'kr] leikfnr vksj muds }kjk esllz& xzkfqd oymz] 1686] dwpk nf[kuh jk;] nfj;kxat] ubz fnyyh&2 ls eqfæra

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