izkn'kz iz'u i= 2013&14 fo"k; & Hkwxksy (Geography) d{kk & ckjgoha lsv&ch

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1 izkn'kz iz'u i= 2013&14 fo"k; & Hkwxksy (Geography) d{kk & ckjgoha lsv&ch le;& 3?kaVs iw.kkzad& 75 Time- 3 Hours Maximum Mark 75 funsz'k& i. lhkh iz'u vfuok;z gsa ii. iz'u i= esa fn;s x;s funsz'k lko/kkuh iwozd i<+dj iz'uksa ds mrrj fyf[k,a iii. iz'u Ø- 1 ls 4 rd olrqfu"b iz'u gs ftuds vurxzr lgh fodyi dk p;u] lgh tksm+h cukuk] fjdr LFkkuksa dh iwfrz],oa,d okd; esa mrrj izdkj ds iz'u fn;s x;s gsa izr;sd iz'u 5 vad dk gsa 1 x 5, 5 x 4 = 20 vad iv. iz'u Øekad 5 ls 18 rd esa vkurfjd fodyi fn;s x;s gsa v. iz'u Øekad 5 ls 8 rd izr;sd iz'u ds fy, 2 vad fu/kkzfjr gsa vi. iz'u Øekad 9 ls 13 rd izr;sd iz'u ds fy, 4 vad,oa iz'uksa ds mrrj yxhkx 75 'kcnksa esa fy[kuk gsa vii. iz'u Øekad 14 ls 16 rd izr;sd iz'u ds fy, 5 vad,oa iz'uksa ds mrrj yxhkx 120 'kcnksa esa fy[kuk gsa viii. iz'u Øekad 17 ls 18 rd izr;sd iz'u ds fy, 6 vad,oa mrrj yxhkx 150 'kcnksa esa fy[kuk gsa Instructions i. All questions are compulsory. ii. Read the instructions of the question paper carefully and answer the questions. iii. Q. No. 1 to 4 are objective type which include - choose the correct answers, match the column, Fill up the blanks and one sentence answer. Each question is allotted 5 marks. 1 x 5, 5 x 4 = 20 Marks. iv. Internal options are given in Q. No. 5 to 18. v. Q. No. 5 to 8 are assigned 2 marks each. vi. Q. No. 9 to 13 carry 4 marks each and answer should be given in about 75 words. vii. Q. No. 14 to 16 carry 5 marks each and answer should be given in about 120 words. viii. Q. No. 17 to 18 carries 6 marks and answer should be given in about 150 words. 1

2 iz'u 1- fueufyf[kr fjdr LFkkuksa dh iwfrz dhft,a 1- fo'o esa tula[;k dh n`f"v ls ns'k dk izfke LFkku gsa 2- fo'o dk lcls Åapk jsyekxz jsyekxz gsa lalk/ku fdlh Hkh ns'k ds vkffkzd fodkl dk vk/kkj gksrs gsa 4- ty ekuo thou dk gsa 5- nf{k.kh jsyos dk iz/kku dk;kzy; gsa Fill in the blanks is the most poplars countries in the world is the highest railway line in the world resources are the pillars of economic base of the country. 4. Water is the basis of Human life. 5. The Head office of Southern Railway is situated... iz'u 2- fueufyf[kr iz'uksa ds mrrj,d okd; esa nhft,a 1- xkao esa fuokl djus okys yksxksa dk eq[; O;olk; D;k gs\ 2- fhkykbz] te'ksniqj fdl izdkj ds uxj dk mnkgj.k gs\ 3- fdl [kfut dks ^tsd vkq vky VsªMl* dgrs gs\ 4- Hkkjr esa xzkuv Vªad jksm fdlus cuok;k\ 5- bavjusv dk iwjk uke crkb;s\ Answer in one sentence. 1. What is the main occupation of the rural population? 2. Bhiali and Jamshedpur exemplify which kind of city? 3. Which mineral is called Jack of all trades? 2

3 4. Who built the Grand Trunk Road? 5. Expand the full name of Internet? iz'u 3- LraHk ^ v* ds fy, LraHk ^c* ls pqudj lgh tksfm+;ka cukb, & v & c ¼v½ nkeksnj?kkvh ;kstuk & dhvuk'kd nokb;ka ¼c½ lcls yech xsl ikbi ykbu & 1948 ¼l½ olrqvksa dk Ø;&foØ; & pkjks vksj ls?ksjuk ¼n½ i;kzoj.k & gkthiqj&cthjk&txnh'kiqj ¼b½ eǹk iznw"k.k & O;kikj Match the correct pair for column 'A' choosing from column 'B'. A - B (a) Damodar valley Project - Pesticides (b) The Longest Gas Pipe Line (c) Sale and Purchase of Goods - To surround (d) Environment - Hajipur-Vajira-Jagdishpur (e) Soil Pollution - Trade iz'u 4- lgh fodyi pqudj fyf[k,a ¼v½ ekuo Hkwxksy ds tuenkrk dgs tkrs gs & ¼i½ Cyk'k ¼ii½ Msfol ¼iii½ jsvtsy ¼iv½ gfvaxvu ¼c½ fo'o esa lokzf/kd nqx/k mriknu djus okyk ns'k gs & ¼i½ MsuekdZ ¼ii½ csfyt;e ¼iii½ vklvsªfy;k ¼iv½ U;wthyS.M ¼l½ Hkkjr ds fdl jkt; esa tula[;k?kuro vf/kd gs & ¼i½ if'pe caxky ¼ii½ e/;izns'k 3

4 ¼iii½ fcgkj ¼iv½ dsjy ¼n½ fhkykbz blikr la;a= fdl ns'k ds lg;ksx ls LFkkfir gs & ¼i½ lksfo;r :l ¼ii½ if'peh tezuh ¼iii½ fczvsu ¼iv½ Ýkal ¼b½ Hkkjr dk izfke lapkj mixzg dksu lk gs & ¼i½ vk;z HkV~V ¼ii½,y-,y-ch-&3 ¼iii½,Iiy Choose correct option - ¼iv½ dkalekl (a) Is called the father of Human Geography - (i) Blache (ii) Daviea (iii) Retzel (iv) Huntington (b) The largest milk producing country in the world - (i) Denmark (ii) Beljium (iii) Australia (iv) Naw Zealand (c) Which state in India has the highest Density of population - (i) West Bengal (ii) Madhya Pradesh (iii) Bihar (iv) Keral (d) Which country has collaborated in the construction of Bhilai steel plant - (i) Soviet Russia (ii) West Germani (iii) Britain (iv) French (e) Which is India's first communication Satellite - (i) Arya Batta (ii) S.L.V.-3 (iii) Apple (iv) Cosmos iz'u 5- ekuo Hkwxksy dh mi;qdr ifjhkk"kk fyf[k,a Define Human Geography. Or ekuo Hkwxksy ds vfkz dks le>kb;sa 4

5 Explain the 'Human Geography'. iz'u 6- xzkeh.k {ks=ksa dh izeq[k nks lel;k,a fyf[k,a Write two main important problems faced by the rural people. vks ksfxd ;k iz'kklfud uxj dks mnkgj.k nsdj le>kb;sa Explain Industrial or administrative town with examples. Or iz'u 7- clrh ls D;k rkri;z gs\ What do you main by settlement? Or xzkeh.k cflr;kas ds izfr:iksa ds uke fyf[k,a Give various Forms of Humans settlement. iz'u 8- i;kzoj.k iznw"k.k dk vfkz D;k gs\ le>kb;sa What do you main by Environmental pollution. Explain. ok;q iznw"k.k ds nks L=ksr crkb;s\ Keep two sources of Air Pollution. Or iz'u 9- tula[;k?kuro dks izhkkfor djus okys eq[; pkj dkj.k fyf[k,a Write main five causes which affect the population density? Or 5

6 D;k dkj.k gs fd vklvsªfy;k Hkkjr ls {ks=qy esa 2½ xquk cm+k gs ysfdu tula[;k vis{kkd`r vr;ar de gsa What is the reason that Australia has two and half time more area than Indai but the population is more less than India. iz'u 10- ekuo dh r`rh;d fø;kdykiksa dh dksbz pkj fo'ks"krk,a fyf[k,\ Write any four main differences between the small scale and large scale industries. vks ksfxd lel;k ds lek/kku ds dksbz pkj izeq[k mik; fyf[k,a Mention the main measures to solve the Industrial problems. Or iz'u 11- lapkj ds lk/kuksa dh mi;ksfxrk ij laf{kir fvii.kh fyf[k,a Write utility of communication in shrot? Or Vªkal lkbcsfj;u jsyekxz dks lkbcsfj;k dh thou js[kk D;ksa dgrs gs\ fyf[k,a Why trans-siberian is called the life line of Siberian? Write. iz'u 12- Hkkjr esa tula[;k o`f) dks lhfer j[kus ds mik; fyf[k,a Write the Measures to control of population growth in India. Or Hkkjr esa ^^xaxk dh e/;?kkvh esa tula[;k?kuro vf/kd gs** D;ksa\ Why "Mid Valley of Ganga is dense populated in India"? 6

7 iz'u 13- o"kkz ty laxzg.k dh dksbz pkj fof/k;ksa dk o.kzu dhft,a Describe any four methods of collecting rain water. Hkkjrh; d`f"k dh dksbz pkj izeq[k lel;k,a fyf[k,a Write any four main problems of Indian agricultures. Or iz'u 14- dqvhj rfkk y?kq m ksxksa esa D;k vurj gs\ dksbz ikap vurj fyf[k,a What is the difference between small and cottage industries? Write any five points? Or ekuo dh r`rh;d fø;kdyki dh dksbz ikap fo'ks"krk,a fyf[k,a Write any five Characteristics Human Tertiary Activities. iz'u 15- fo'o ds ekufp= esa fueu dks n'kkzb;s & 1- iukek ugj 2- Vªkal lkbcsfj;u jsyekxz 3- U;w;kdZ ls yanu ty ekxz 4- ckecs gkbz 5- flaxkiqj canjxkga Show the following in the Map of world - 1. Panama Canal 2. Trans Siberiyan Rail Rout. 3. Newyork to London Sea Rout. 4. Bombay High. 5. Singapur. 7

8 Or fo'o ds ekufp= esa fueu dks n'kkzb;sa 1- djkapha 2- czkthy dk dgok mriknd {ks=a 3- dsivkmu ls esycksuz tyekxza 4- Lost ugja 5- dksydkrka Show the following in the Map of world - 1. Karanchi 2. Coffce producing area of Brazil 3. Captown to melborn sea route. 4. Suej canal. 5. Calcatta iz'u 16- Hkkjr dks d`f"k iz/kku ns'k D;ksa dgk tkrk gs\ fdugha ikap fcunqvksa ls lefkzu dhft,a India is called Agro Based country, why? Describe any five supporting points? Or v/kkshkksfed ty fdls dgrs gs\ Hkkjr esa blds forj.k ds y{k.k crkb;sa What is under ground water? Write five characteristics of its distribution in India? iz'u 17- [kfut lk/kuksa dk laj{k.k D;ksa vko';d gs\ blds laj{k.k ds mik; crkb;sa Minerals resources conservation in necessary. Why? Write measure to its conservation. 8

9 Hkkjr esa vks ksfxd fodkl dh izeq[k miyfc/k;ka crkb;sa Write the main achievements of Indian Industrial development. Or iz'u 18- orzeku fons'kh O;kikj Hkkjr ds i{k esa ugha gs] D;ksa\ dkj.k fyf[k,a Indian foreign trade is not favorable in present time. Why? Write causes. Or canjxkg O;kikj ds izos'k }kj D;ksa dgykrs gs\ The ports are gateway of Trade. Why? discuss. & & & & & & 9

10 vkn'kz mrrj fo"k; & Hkwxksy (Geography) d{kk & ckjgoha olrqfu"b iz'uksa ds mrrj & mrrj 1- fjdr LFkku & ¼i½ phu ¼ii½ Vªkal bf.m;u jsyekxz ¼iii½ [kfut ¼iv½ ewyhkwr vk/kkj] ¼vfuok;Z vko';drk½ ¼v½ psuubz 5 lgh gy djus ij 5 vad izkir gksaxsa =5 mrrj 2-,d okd; esa mrrj & 1- izkfkfed O;olk;A 2- vks ksfxd uxja 3- esxuhta 4- 'ksj'kkg lwjha 5- buvj us'kuy usvodza 5 lgh gy djus ij 5 vad izkir gksaxsa =5 mrrj 3- lgh tksfm;ka & v & c ¼v½ nkeksnj?kkvh ;kstuk & 1948 ¼c½ lcls yech xsj ikbi ykbu & gkthiqj&cthjk&txnh'kiqj ¼l½ olrqvksa dk Ø;&foØ; & O;kikj 10

11 ¼n½ i;kzoj.k & pkjks vksj ls?ksjuk ¼b½ eǹk iznw"k.k & dhvuk'kd nokb;ka 5 lgh gy djus ij 5 vad izkir gksaxsa =5 mrrj 4- lgh fodyi & ¼i½ jsvtsy ¼ii½ MsuekdZ ¼iii½ if'pe caxky ¼iv½ lksfo;r :l ¼v½ vk;z HkV~V 5 lgh gy djus ij 5 vad izkir gksaxsa =5 mrrj 5- ekuo Hkwxksy dh ifjhkk"kk vesjhdu HkwxksyosRrk dqekjh bz-lh- lseiqy ds vuqlkj& ^^ekuo Hkwxksy fø;k'khy ekuo,oa vlfkk;h i`foh ds ifjorzu'khy laca/k dk v/;;u gsa**,ylcfkz gafvxvu ds vuqlkj& ^^ekuo Hkwxksy dks HkkSfrd okrkoj.k rfkk ekuoh; fø;kdykiksa,oa xq.kksa ds ikjlifjd laca/kksa ds Lo:iksa rfkk forj.k dk v/;;u ekuk gsa** mijksdrkuqlkj lgh fy[kus ij 2 vad izkir gksaxsa ekuo Hkwxksy dh fø;k'khy izfrfø;kvksa dk v/;;u djrk gs tks ekuo ds nsfud thou ls lacaf/kr gsa vfkkzr ekuo ds vurzlaca/kksa dk v/;;u gh ekuo Hkwxksy gsa mijksdrkuqlkj lgh fy[kus ij 2 vad izkir gksaxsa 11

12 mrrj 6- xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa fueufyf[kr lel;k,a gs & 1- xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa ekuo ds Hkj.k&iks"k.k dh vr;kf/kd lel;k,a gksrh gs ftlds dkj.k mudk thou ;kiu d"ve; gksrk gsa 2- xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa lq[k lqfo/kkvksa dk vkhkko gksrk gsa mijksdrkuqlkj lgh fy[kus ij 2 vad izkir gksaxsa vks ksfxd uxj os gs ftlesa m ksfxd lqfo/kk,a miyc/k gksrh gs] vr% tgka ij m ksx vf/kd LFkkfir gsa mnkgj.k& fhkykbz] VkVk uxj] bunksja iz'kklfud uxj os gs ftlesa iz'kklfud lqfo/kk,a izkir gksrh gs rfkk tgka ij iz'kklfud fuivkjs lqxerk ls fd;s tkrs gsa mnkgj.k& fnyyh] dydrrk] HkksikyA mijksdrkuqlkj lgh fy[kus ij 2 vad izkir gksaxsa mrrj 7- clrh Hkouksa ;k edkuksa dk lewg gs tks ekuo vius fø;kdykiksa,oa mn~ns';ksa dh iwfrz ds fy, vf/kokl cukdj fuokl djrk gsa vfkkzr vf/kokl ekuo vko';drk dks /;ku esa j[kdj cflr;ksa dk fodkl,oa folrkj fd;k tkrk gsa mijksdrkuqlkj lgh fy[kus ij 2 vad izkir gksaxsa xzkeh.k cflr;ksa ds fueufyf[kr izfr:i gs & 1- pksdkiv~vh izfr:ia 2- js[kh; izfr:ia 3- vjh; izfr:ia 12

13 4- rkjd izfr:ia 5- o`rrh; izfr:ia 6- f=hkqtkdkj izfr:ia 7- rhjuqek izfr:ia 8- lh<+huqek izfr:ia 9- ia[kkuqek izfr:ia mijksdrkuqlkj lgh fy[kus ij 2 vad izkir gksaxsa mrrj 8- i;kzoj.k iznw"k.k ls vk'k;,d,sls okrkoj.k ls gs tks ekuo dh fø;kvksa dks izhkkfor djrk gs rfkk mlesa gkfudkjd izhkko Mkyrk gs ftlds ifj.kkelo:i laiw.kz okrkoj.k vkdfled ifjorzu mriuu djrk gsa ftlls pkjksa vksj dk okrkoj.k cny tkrk gs vksj izhkko Mkyrk gsa mijksdrkuqlkj lgh fy[kus ij 2 vad izkir gksaxsa ok;q esa miflfkr ;ksfxd tks gkfudkjd izhkko Mkyrk gsa mldks ge ok;q iznw"k.k dgrs gsa ok;q iznw"k.k ds fueufyf[kr L=ksr gs & 1- vr;kf/kd vks ksfxdj.k ds dkj.k buls fudyus okys ;ksfxd ok;q esa fefjr gksdj ok;q dks nwf"kr djrs gsa 2- ifjogu ds lk/kuksa ds }kjk fudyus okyk /kqvk,oa /kwy ds d.k vkfn ds }kjk ok;q iznwf"kr gks tkrh gsa mijksdrkuqlkj lgh fy[kus ij 2 vad izkir gksaxsa 13

14 mrrj 9- tula[;k?kuro ds forj.k dks izhkkfor djus okys izeq[k dkjd fueu gs%& 1- /kjkry%& lery esnkuh Hkkxksa esa tula[;k dk?kuro vf/kd ik;k tkrk gs ogka mitkå Hkwfe gksus ls [kk kuu dh iwfrz gksrh gsa iozrh; vksj ibkjh Hkkxksa esa ekuo fuokl dh lqfo/kk,a ugha gksus ls tula[;k?kuro U;wu ik;k tkrk gsa 2- tyok;q%& LokLF;izn tyok;q vksj le rkieku esa tula[;k dk?kuro vf/kd gksrk gsa tcfd vr;f/kd xez vksj B.Mh tyok;q esas de tula[;k?kuro ik;k tkrk gsa 3- d`f"k dk fodkl %& d`f"k ds fodkl ds dkj.k vf/kd tula[;k?kuro ik;k tkrk gsa ufn;ksa }kjk fufezr esnkuh Hkw&Hkkx tsls xaxk] czegiq= vkfn ds esnku l?ku cls gq, gsa 4- m ksxks dk fodkl %& vks ksfxd {ks=ksa esa jksth&jksvh dekus ds fy, nwj&nwj ls yksx vkdj cl tkrs gsa m ksxksa ds fodkl ls tula[;k dk?kuro vf/kd gksrk gsa Hkkjr ds if'pe caxky esa vks/kksfxd fodkl ds dkj.k ;gka tula[;k dk vkslr?kuro 766 O;fDr@km 2 gsa 5- ;krk;kr ds lk/ku %& ftu {ks=ksa esa ;krk;kr@ifjogu ds lk/kuksa dk fodkl vf/kd jgrk gs ogka tu?kuro vf/kd ik;k tkrk gsa tsls lm+dksa ds fdukjs] dlcksa] uxjksa,oa vks/kksfxd izfr"bkuksa dh LFkkiuk gks tkus ls tula[;k c<+rh tkrh gsa 6- tykiwfrz%& unh] rkykc ;k vu; ty LoPN L=ksarksa ds vklikl ;k fdukjs vf/kd tu?kuro ik;k tkrk gsa tsls ufn;ksa ds esnku] 'kq"d izns'k esa >hyksa] tyk'k;ksa] ufn;ksa ds rvh; izns'k l?ku cls gsa 7- [kfut inkfkz%& ftu LFkkuksa ij [kfut inkfkz ik;s tkrs gs ogka Hkh tu?kuro vf/kd ik;k tkrk gsa if'peh,f'k;k esa isvªksfy;e dh miyc/krk us tula[;k esa o`f) dh gsa ¼uksV%& mijksdr ls 4 ;k vu; lgh dkjdks ij Hkh 4 vad izkir gksaxs½ 14

15 vklvªsfy;k Hkkjr ls {ks=qy esa <kbz xquk cm+k gs fdarq ogka dh tula[;k vis{kkd`r de gs] blds dkj.k fueufyf[kr gs%& 1- HkkSxksfyd dkjd %& 1- vklvsªfy;k egk}hi lalkj dk lcls fojy tula[;k okyk egk}hi gsa ;gka dh vkslr?kuro 3 O;fDr izfr oxz fd-eh- gsa 2- ;gka fo'kky e:lfky,oa ibkj gsa 3- ;gka vf/kdka'k Hkkxksa esa o"kkz de gksrh gsa ftlls ;gka dsoy 4% Hkw Hkkx ij [ksrh gksrh gsa 2- ekuoh; dkjd %& 1- lkekftd,oa lkald`frd n`f"v ls ;gka fdlh Hkh lald`fr dk fodkl ugha gqvk gsa 2- vklvsªfy;k ds orzeku fuokfl;ksa us ogka ds vkfne fuokfl;ksa dks lekir dj fn;k gs vksj viuk jktusfrd opzlo cuk fy;k tks ckgjh yksxksa dks vklvsªfy;k esa clus dh vuqefr iznku ugha djrk gsa 3- 'osr uhfr %& ljdkj dh 'osr uhfr ds dkj.k dsoy xksjs yksx gh ;gka cl ldrs gs vu; ughaa 4- fo'kky e:lfky %& vklvsªfy;k dk fo'kky e:lfky U;wu tula[;k dk lcls cm+ vojks/k gsa 5- U;wu o"kkz %& o"kkz dh deh Hkh U;wu tula[;k dk dkj.k gsa mijksdrkuqlkj fdugh pkj ij 1 vad dqy 4 vad izkir gksaxsa mrrj mriknu esa ijks{k :i ls lgk;rk nsus okyh lsok,a bl O;olk; dh Js.kh esa vkrh gsa 15

16 2- blds vurxzr mu O;fDr;ksa vksj lalfkkvksa dh lsok dks lfeefyr fd;k tkrk gs ftudk laca/k lh/ks olrq ds mriknu ls ugha gksrk gsa 3- ;s vu; izdkj ls ijks{k lgk;rk djrs gs tsls& MkWDVj] f'k{kd] O;kikjh] e'khu pkyda 4- r`rh; fø;kvksa ds vurxzr O;kikj] ;krk;kr] lapkj lsok,a] LokLF;] f'k{kk vkfn lsok,a 'kkfey gsa bl O;oLFkk dks lsok Js.kh Hkh dgk tkrk gsa mijksdrkuqlkj kj fcunq ij dqy 4 vad izkir gksaxsa vks ksfxd lel;k ds lek/kku gsrq izeq[k mik; fueufyf[kr gs & 1- dpps eky dh deh dks nwj djuk,oa uohu HkaMkjksa dh [kkst dh tk,a 2- iwath dh deh dks nwj djuk rfkk izks ksfxdh ds fodkl ij cy nsuka blesa vurjkz"vªh; O;kikj uhfr dks mnkj cukdj vizoklh ukxfjdksa dks m ksx yxkus ds fy, vkdzf"kr fd;k tk,a 3- vks ksfxd {kerk dk iw.kz mi;ksx djuk ftlls lel;k dk var gks ldsa 4- vks ksfxd iznw"k.k dks de djus gsrq iz;kl djuka vurjkz"vªh; dkuwu dk 'kfdr ls ikyu djk;k tk, rfkk m ksx yxkus ds lkfk bz-,l-ih- yxkuk vfuok;z dj fn;k tk,a mijksdrkuqlkj fcunq ij dqy 4 vad izkir gksaxsa mrrj 11- lapkj ds lk/ku %& lapkj og ek/;e ;k ;qfdr gs ftlds ek/;e ls lans'k lwpuk,a] tkudkfj;ka vkfn,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku dks izsf"kr dh tkrh gsa igys lans'kksa o lwpukvksa ds izs"k.k ds fy, dcwrjksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk FkkA 16oha 'krkcnh esa Mkd O;oLFkk dk lw=ikr gqvka 16

17 vkt ekuo tu lapkj ds fofhkuu lksikuksa dks ikj djrk gqvk bavjusv rd igqap x;k gsa vkt bavjusv o Vh-oh- }kjk fo'o ds fdlh Hkh dksus dh tkudkjh iy esa gh izr;{k viuh gh vk[kksa ls ns[kh?kvuk ds leku dqn fefuvksa esa gh gw&cgw ns[kh o lquh tk tk ldrh gsa ;g vk/kqfud fo'o dh lokzf/kd perdkfjd o eu dks LinkZ okyh O;oLFkk gsa ;g,d vfo'oluh; lapkj ds lk/kuksa dh nqfu;k gs tks fo'o ds gj {ks= esa ok;qeamy ds leku QSyh gqbz gsa tu lapkj ds izeq[k lk/ku fueufyf[kr gs %& 1- Mkd 2- rkj 3- nwjhkk"k@vsyhqksu 4- eksckby 5- VsysDl 6- QSDl 7- jsfm;ksa 8- nwjn'kzua lapkj ds lk/kuksa dh mi;ksfxrk ij 2 vad rfkk izeq[k lk/ku ij 2 vad dqy 4 vad izkir gksaxsa Vªkal lkbcsfj;u jsyekxz dks lalkj dk lcls cm+k jsyekxz gsa ;g lksfo;r :l dks lqnqjiwoz ls tksm+rk gsa bldk fuekz.k lu~ 1905 esa gqvka bldh yeckbz lsavihvlz oxz ls CykMhoksLVd rd 8680 fdyksehvj gs] bldks lkbcsfj;k {ks= dh thou js[kk dgrs gsa lkbcsfj;k dks fueu ykhk gs%& 1- lkbcsfj;k dk laca/k ;wjksih; :l ls tqm+ x;k gsa 17

18 2- lkbcsfj;k ls lewj] yqxnh] ydm+h] pem+k] ed[ku] nw/k ikomj] xsagwa vkfn :l dks Hksts tkrs gsa 3- bdqzvld ls mrrke yksgk o dks;yk :l ds vks ksfxd dsunzksa dks Hkstk tkrk gsa 4- blh jsy ekxz ds dkj.k vks ksfxd dsunz& uksoksflfojld dqtusld] [kkokjksold vkfn dk tue gqvka 5- blds }kjk :l dks lkbcsfj;k dh jk"vªh; lqj{kk esa lg;ksx feyk gsa 6- bl jsy ekxz }kjk gh lkbcsfj;k {ks= ds fuokfl;ksa] vk/kqfud fokku dh miyfc/k;ksa dk ykhk mbkus dk lqvolj izkir gqvk gsa blh dkj.k bl jsyekxz dks lkbcsfj;ka dh thou js[kk dgk tkrk gsa ¼uksV%& mijksdr ls dksbz 4 ykhk fy[ku ij dqy 4 vad izkir gksxk½ mrrj 12- Hkkjr esa tula[;k o`f) dks lhfer djus ds mik; fueufyf[kr gs %& 1- f'k{kk dk izlkj %& f'k{kk ds }kjk yksxksa ds tula[;k o`f) ds nq"ifj.kkeksa dh tkudkjh nsdj tula[;k fu;af=r dh tk ldrh gsa 2- fookg dh vk;q eas o`f) %& ns'k esa fookg dh vk;q fu/kkzfjr dj tula[;k dks fu;af=r fd;k tk ldrk gsa 3- larkuksrifrr dh la[;k dk fu/kkzj.k %& larku dh la[;k fuf'pr djus ij tula[;k fu;af=r dh tk ldrh gsa tsls& ge nks gekjs nksa 4- ifjokj fu;kstu %& ifjokj fu;kstu ds ek/;e ls tula[;k ij fu;a=.k fd;k tk ldrk gsa 5- lkekftd lqj{kk %& lkekftd lqj{kk ds vurxzr o`)] viax vkfn dh lkekftd lqj{kk dh tkosaa 6- LokLF; lsok,oa euksjatu ds lk/ku esa o`f) %& vlirkyksa dk fuekz.k dj,oa euksjatuksa ds lk/kuksa dk fodkl dj tula[;k fu;af=r dj ldrs gsa mijksdr lfgr dksbz pkj fcunqvksa dk o.kzu djus ij iw.kz 4 vad izkir gksaxsa 18

19 xaxk dh e/;?kkvh esa tula[;k dk?kuro vf/kd gksus ds fueu dkj.k gs %& 1- xaxk dh e/;?kkvh dh Hkwfe lery vksj mitkå gsa 2- ;gka flapkbz dh i;kzir lqfo/kk gsa 3- ;gka dh tyok;q ekuo vkokl ds vuqdwy gsa 4- ;gka dh eq[; [kk Qlysa vf/kd ek=k esa isnk gksrh gs] ftlls vf/kd yksxksa dk Hkj.k&iks"k.k gks tkrk gsa 5- ;gka ;krk;kr o m ksxksa dk i;kzir fodkl gksus ls tula[;k dk?kuro vf/kd gsa ¼uksV%& mijksdr ls dksbz 4 fcunq ij 4 vad izkir gksaxs½ mrrj 13- o"kkz laxzg.k & 1- edkuksa dh Nr ij fxjs o"kkz ds ty dks ikbi }kjk fdlh gs.miei ifjr;dr dq,a ;k [kand dk iquezj.k fd;k tkrk gsa bl fof/k ls fo'ks"kdj uxjksa esa ty dh deh dks nwj fd;k tk ldrk gs,oa ty dh miyc/krk lqfo/kk iwozd izkir dh tk ldrh gsa 2- xkaoksa ea rkykc dk fuekz.k djds o"kkz ds ty dk laxzg.k fd;k tkrk gsa 3- [ksrksa dh xgjh tqrkbz djds,oa [ksrksa dh esm+canh djds [ksr dk ikuh] [ksr esa laxzfgr dj HkkSety ds :i esa bdb~bk fd;k tk ldrk gsa ftldk mi;ksx d`f"k,oa vu; dk;z esa mi;ksxh gks ldrk gsa 4- ou jksi.k dj,oa jksd cka/k cukdj ty dk cgko jksds tkus ij ty Hkwfe ea laxzfgr gksrk jgrk gsa bl rjg ty dk laxzg.k fd;k tk ldrk gsa mijksdrkuqlkj fcunq ij dqy 4 vad izkir gksaxsa 19

20 Hkkjrh; d`f"k dh lel;k,a & 1- ekulwu vk/kkfjr d`f"k%& ekulwu dh vfu;ferrk vksj vfuf'prrk ds dkj.k ns'k dh d`f"k izhkkfor gksrh gsa dhkh ck<+ rks dhkh lw[kk dh lel;k Hkh jgrh gsa 2- NksVs rfkk fc[kjs gq, [ksr%& d`"kd ifjokjksa esa fglls cavokjs ds dkj.k [ksrksa dh cukov NksVh gksrh tk jgh gs vksj vyx&vyx LFkkuksa ij gksus ls muur d`f"k ugha dh tk ldrh gsa 3- d`f"k ;ksx; Hkwfe dh mozjrk esa deh%& orzeku esa dhvuk'kd] jlk;uksa] jklk;fud mozjdksa dk vr;f/kd ek=k esa iz;ksx fd, tkus d dkj.k Hkwfe dh mozjrk de gksrh tk jgh gsa 4- forrh; lalk/kuksa dh deh%& d`"kdksa dks _.k ysdj [ksrh djuh im+rh gsa Qly de gksus] [kjkc gksus ij os dtz ds cks> rys nc tkrs gsa ;gh Øe cjlksa rd pyrk jgrk gsa mijksdrkuqlkj fcunq ij dqy 4 vad izkir gksaxsa mrrj 14- dqvhj m ksx,oa y?kq m ksx esa varj %& Ø- dqvhj m ksx 1 dqvhj m ksx os /ku/ks gs tks fd?kjksa esa LFkkuh; dpps eky }kjk ogha dh vko';drk dh iwfrz ds fy, fd;s tkrs gsa tsls& fev~vh ds crzu cukuk] vkhkw"k.k] Vksdjh vkfn bu m ksxksa dks glrf'kyi y?kq m ksx y?kq m ksx os m ksx gs tks FkksM+h lh iwath }kjk NksVh&NksVh e'khuksa dh lgk;rk ls fd;s tkrs gsa tsls& f[kyksus cukuk] twrs cukuk] jsfm;ks] Vh-oh-]?kM+h ds iwtzs cukuka 20

21 aa aa ss ss m ksx Hkh dgrs gsa 2 budk mriknu NksVs Lrj ij gksrk dqvhj m ksx ls cm+s,oa cm+s gsa isekus ds m ksx ls NksVs gksrs gsa 3 dppk eky dsoy LFkkuh; L=ksr ls dppk eky LFkkuh; o nwj ls izkir izkir fd;k tkrk gsa fd;k tkrk gsa 4 dqvhj m ksxksa ds mriknu ds isekus y?kq m ksxksa ds mriknu ds isekus dk folrkj y?kq m ksxksa dk vk/kkj dk folrkj cms+ ¼o`gn½ isekus ds gsa m ksxksa dk vk/kkj gsa 5 iw.kzr%?kjsyw m ksx gsa ;g?kjsyw m ksx ugha gsa 6 LFkkuh; cktkj esa ifjokj ds budk mrikn O;kikjh ds ek/;e lnl;ksa }kjk fcøh dh tkrh gsa ls cktkjksa esa cspk tkrk gsa ¼uksV%& fdugha 5 fcunqvksa ij 5 vad izkir gksa axs s½ 1- r`rh;d fø;kdykiksa esa lekt dks nh tkus okyh O;fDrxr rfkk O;kolkf;d lsok,a lfeefyr gsa 2- blesa f'k{kk] LokLF;] O;kikj] ifjogu] csafdax] thou chek] lapkj vksj iz'kklu vkrs gsa 3- blesa izr;{k fdlh olrq dk mriknu ugha gksrk cfyd lekt dks lsok,a iznku dh tkrh gsa 4- budk tue f}rh; fø;kdyki ls tqm+k ik;k tkrk gsa 5- bu fø;kdykiksa esa orzeku esa lapkj,oa ifjogu lsok,a dh yxkrkj muufr esa lekt dh muufr,oa yksxksa ds thou Lrj dks Åapk mbkus esa vhkwriwoz ;ksxnku fn;k gsa ¼uksV%& mijksdr ij iw.kz 5 vad izkir gksa axs s½ 21

22 mrrj 15- lhkh lgh LFkkuksa dh iwfrz djus ij izr;sd ij 1 vad dqy 5 vad izkir gksaxsa 22

23 lhkh lgh LFkkuksa dh iwfrz djus ij izr;sd ij 1 vad dqy 5 vad izkir gksaxsa mrrj 16- Hkkjr dks d`f"k iz/kku ns'k dgk tkrk gs blds fueufyf[kr dkj.k bl izdkj gs%& 1- Hkkjr esa izkphu dky ls gh d`f"k eq[; thodksiktzu dk vk/kkj jgh gs] Hkkjr dh vf/kdka'k tula[;k dh eq[; vkffkzd fø;k jgh gsa vkt Hkh ;g Hkkjrh; vfkzo;olfkk dk eq[; vk/kkj ;gh gsa 2- Hkkjr esa vkt djksm+ gsdvs;j Hkwfe ij d`f"k dh tkrh gs] tks ns'k dh dqy Hkwfe dk 57% Hkw&Hkkx gsa 23

24 aa ss 3- ns'k dh Je'kfDr dk,d cm+k Hkkx d`f"k dk;z ls tqm+k gqvk gs] yxhkx 70% yksx fdlh u fdlh :i ls d`f"k dk;ksza ls tqm+s gq;s gsa ns'k dh jk"vªh; vk; esa d`f"k dk ;ksxnku 26% gsa xzkeh.k vapy ds yksxksa dk izeq[k vk/kkj d`f"k gsa 4- ns'k ds fu;kzr esa d`f"k mriknksa dk 18% ;ksxnku gsa m ksxkas ds fy;s dpps eky dh vkiwfrz Hkh d`f"k }kjk gh dh tkrh gsa 5- d`f"k esa [kk vukt ds lkfk&lkfk O;kikfjd,oa ckxkrh Qlyksa] frygu rfkk nkyksa dk Hkh mriknu gksrk gsa ¼uksV%& mijksdr ls izr;sd ij fcunqvksa ij 1 vad dqy 5 vad izkir gksa axs s½ o"kkz _rq esa tks ikuh cjlrk gs mldk dqy Hkkx Hkwfe }kjk lks[k fy;k tkrk gs rfkk og Hkwfe ds vunj pyk tkrk gsa bls ge v/kkshkksfed ty ¼Hkwfexr ty½ dgrs gsa y{k.k %& 1- Hkkjr esa Hkwfexr ty cksmz dsunz ljdkj vuqlkj dqy v/kkshkksfed ty {kerk yxhkx vjc?ku ehvj gsa 2- v/kkshkksfed ty esnkuh Hkkxksa esa lokzf/kd ik;k tkrk gs] iatkc ls ysdj czegiq=?kkvh v/kkshkksfed ty dd fo'kky Hk.Mkj gsa 3- dqy ty dk 42% ls Hkh vf/kd v/kkshkksfed ty Hkkjr ds fo'kky esnku okys jkt;ksa esa ik;k tkrk gsa vdsys mrrj izns'k esa Hkh 19% izfr'kr v/kkshkksfed ty ik;k tkrk gsa 4- egkjk"vª] e/;izns'k] iatkc] mrrj izns'k tsls cm+s&cm+s jkt;ksa esa bldh {kerk vf/kd gsa 24

25 5- ibkjh Hkkxksa esa v/kkshkksfed ty dk vhkko ik;k tkrk gsa D;ksafd ibkj dh lajpuk bl izdkj dh gsa 6- Hkwfexr ty dq,a] ikrky] rksm+ dq,a] V;wcosy] gsamiei vkfn }kjk fudkyk tkrk gsa mijksdrkuqlkj folrkj,oa vu; fcunqvksa dk Hkh folrkj djus ij iw.kz 5 vad izkir gksaxsa mrrj 17- [kfut lalk/kuksa dk laj{k.k fueu dkj.kksa ls vko';d gs %& 1- [kfut inkfkz ns'k ds m ksxksa dh vk/kkj f'kyk gsa [kfutksa ds vhkko esa m ksx ladv esa im+ tk;saxsa 2- ;s gekjs vkffkzd fodkl vksj lh;rk ds fodkl ds vk/kkjhkwr rro gsa 3- ;s lekir gksus okys lalk/ku gs budk uohuhdj.k ugha gksrk gsa 4- vkxs vkus okyh ih<+h Hkh budk mi;ksx dj ldsa blfy, budk laj{k.k vko';d gsa 5- [kfut inkfkz ns'k dh cgqewy; laifrr gsa 6- [kfut inkfkksza dk fuekz.k gksus esa gtkjksa yk[kksa o"kkzsa dk le; yxrk gsa [kfut inkfkksza ds laj{k.k ds mik; %& 1- yksgk rkack vksj,sy;wfefu;e pøh; lalk/ku gs ftudk mi;ksx xykdj ckj&ckj djuk pkfg, rfkk buds [kuu ij fu;a=.k j[kuk pkfg,a 2- u;s LFkkiU; [kfutksa dk irk yxk;k tkuk pkfg,a 3- dks;yk vksj isvªksfy;e dh vis{kk ty fo qr dk vf/kd fodkl djuk pkfg,a 4- [kfutksa dk cgqmn~ns'kh; iz;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg,a 5- jklk;fud inkfkksza dk mi;ksx c<+kuk pkfg,a 25

26 aa ss 6- lqjf{kr [kfut Hk.Mkj x`gksa dk fuekz.k djuk pkfg,a lajf{kr dkj.k ij 3 vad,oa mik; ij 3 vad dqy 6 vad izkir gksa axs s½ gekjs ns'k esa vks ksfxd fodkl ds fy, vusd iz;ru fd;s x;s gs ftlds dkj.k vusd miyfc/k;ka izkir gqbz gsa 1- mriknu rfkk {kerk esa o`f)%& m ksxksa esa iwath fuos'k ls vks ksfxd mriknu esa o`f) gqbz gsa mriknu ds lkfk&lkfk vks ksfxd {kerk esa Hkh rsth ls o`f) gqbz gs rfkk mriknu ds y{; c<+rs tk jgs gsa 2- vk/kkjhkwr vks ksfxd fodkl %& f}rh; iapo"khz; ;kstuk ds le; ls gh vk/kkjhkwr vksj Hkkjh m ksx tsls& yksgk blikr m ksx] e'khujh m ksx] bathfu;fjax m ksx] jlk;u m ksx vkfn dk fodkl gksrk jgk gsa 3- mriknu esa vkrefuhkzjrk %& gekjk ns'k dbz olrqvksa ds mriknu esa vkrefuhkzj gks x;k gsa tsls& blikr] e'khusa] dyiqtsz vkfna dqn olrqvksa esa fons'kh fuhkzjrk dh deh gqbz gs tsls& mozjd] isvªksfy;e mrikna 4- ns'kh fmtkbu vksj ns'kh rduhdh lykg izkfir %& vc fofhkuu m ksxksa ds fy;s ns'kh fmtkbu rs;kj gksus yxh gs] ftlls fons'kh rduhdh lg;ksx ysus dh dksbz vko';drk ugha jg xbza 5- vks ksfxd olrqvksa ds fu;kzr esa o`f) %& Hkkjr esa Øe'k% vks ksfxd olrqvksa ds fu;kzr esa o`f) ifjyf{kr gqbz gsa 6- y?kq vksj dqvhj m ksxksa dk fodkl %& Lora=rk i'pkr Hkkjr ds bl {ks= esa dkqh /kukred o`f) ns[kh xbz gs tks fd Hkkjr fodkl dh izeq[k igpku gsa 7- m ksxksa dks fu;a=.k eqdr djuk %& vks ksfxd izxfr dh ck/kkvksa dks nwj djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gsa mijksdrkuqlkj miyfc/k;ksa ds 6 fcunq fy[kus ij 3 vad o O;k[;k djus ij 3 vad dqy 6 vad izkir gksaxsa 26

27 aa ss mrrj 18-,d ns'k dk vu; ns'kksa ds lkfk olrqvksa dk tks fofue; gksrk gs mls fons'kh O;kikj dgrs gsa Hkkjr ds fons'kh O;kikj dh ijeijk ikap gtkj o"kz ls vf/kd iqjkuh gsa izkphu dky esa fo'o ds vusd ns'kksa ds lkfk ty rfkk Fky ekxksza ls Hkkjr ds O;kikfjd laca/k FksA Hkkjr esa cuh olrq,a lalkj Hkj esa izfl) Fkh] Hkkjr ls Åuh] lwrh o js'keh ol=] yksgs o ihry dk lkeku] dykred olrqvksa dk fu;kzr fd;k tkrk FkkA Hkkjr dk fons'kh O;kikj orzeku esa i{k esa u gksus ds fueu dkj.k gs %& 1- fons'kh O;kikj esa Hkkjr dk?kvrk ;ksx fn[kkbz nsrk gsa 1948 esa Hkkjr dk fu;kzr fo'o dk 2.5% Fkk tks vc?kvdj 0.6% gks x;k gsa 2- mriknu gsrq vk/kqfud ;kaf=dh Kku dh deh ikbz tkrh gsa 3- jk"vª fgr dh Hkkouk dk vhkko ik;k tkrk gsa 4- yksxksa esa fons'kh olrqvksa ds izfr vkd"kz.k gksus ls vk;kr vf/kd gksrk gsa 5- isvªksfy;e inkfkksza ds vk;kr ls Hkkjr dh vfkzo;olfkk dks pksv igqaprh gsa 6- jktuhfr esa Hkz"Vkpkj vf/kd gs ftlls mriknu egaxk gsa 7-90 izfr'kr fons'kh O;kikj tyekxz,oa 10 izfr'kr ok;q ekxz ls fd;k tkrk gsa 8- ck<+] vdky o tual[;k o`f) ds dkj.k [kk kuuksa esa vkrefuhkzjrk Li"Vr% dgha [kks tkrh gsa 9- Hkkjr dh fujarj?kkvs dh vfkzo;olfkk Hkkjr ds fons'kh O;kikj ds izfrdwy esa fn[kkbz nsu dk iz/kku dkj.k gsa ¼uksV%& mijksdr ls dksbz 6 fcunq fy[kus ij 6 vad izkir gksa axs s½ 27

28 aa ss vurjkz"vªh; O;kikj ds fy, canjxkgksa dk egro vr;f/kd gsa D;ksafd canjxkgksa ds ek/;e ls gh vu; ns'kksa ds lkfk O;kikfjd laca/k LFkkfir fd;s tk ldrs gsa vlrq cunjxkg O;kikj ds izos'k }kj dgykrs gsa ftlds izeq[k dkj.k fueu gs%& 1- Hkkjr dk 93% O;kikj cunjxkgksa ls gksrk gsa 2- ns'k ds vunj rfkk ns'k ds ckgj eky Hkstus dk dk;z canjxkgksa ls gh gksrk gsa 3- ns'k dk O;kikj dk oklrfod ifjlapkyu canjxkg gh djrs gsa 4- Hkkjr ds laiw.kz vk;kr&fu;kzr dk vf/kdka'k Hkkx canjxkgksa }kjk laikfnr gksrk gsa 5- canjxkgksa ds fcuk O;kikj n`f"vghu O;fDr ds }kjk nksm+us ds leku gs tks fd lahko gh ugha gsa HkwVku] usiky ns'k bl rf; ds izeq[k mnkgj.k gsa ¼uksV%& mijksdr fcunq ij 6 vad izkir gksa axs s½ & & & & & 28