Should India contemplate over the strategy of 'Import Substitution ' in the era of looming global trade war? Critically examine.

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Should India contemplate over the strategy of 'Import Substitution ' in the era of looming global trade war? Critically examine."

Jonathan Stewart
5 years ago
Views:

$6 DEC 11: 30 AM iz'u&1 D;k Hkkjr dks lahkkfor osf'od O;kikj ;q¼ ds ;qx esa ^vk;kr izfrlfkkiu* dh j.kuhfr ij fopkj djuk pkfg,\ lekykspukred ijh{k.$

1 6 DEC 11: 30 AM iz'u&1 D;k Hkkjr dks lahkkfor osf'od O;kikj ;q¼ ds ;qx esa ^vk;kr izfrlfkkiu* dh j.kuhfr ij fopkj djuk pkfg,\ lekykspukred ijh{k.k djsaa Should India contemplate over the strategy of 'Import Substitution ' in the era of looming global trade war? Critically examine. (250 Words, 15 Marks) Hkwfedk%& vk;kr izfrlfkkiu,d O;kikj vksj vkffkzd uhfr gs] tks?kjsyw vk;kr ds lkfk fons'kh vk;kr dks cnyus dk lefkzd gsa bldk izeq[k vk/kj ;g gs fd ns'k dks vks ksfxd mriknksa ds LFkkuh; mriknu ds ekè;e ls viuh fons'kh fuhkzjrk dks de djus dk iz;kl djuk pkfg,a gky gh esa vesfjdk us ;wjksih; la?k] dukmk] esfdldks vksj phu ls vjcksa MkWyj ds vk;kfrr lkekuksa ij nke (Tariff) de dj fn, gsaa vesfjdk laj{k.kokn (eqdrk O;kikj ds foijhr) dk izpkj dj jgk gs] ftlls vu; ns'kksa dk vk;kr izfrlfkkiu dj fn;k tk,a vk;kr izfrlfkkiu ds ykhk%& vkrefuhkzjrk ns'k dks vflfkjrk] eanh tslh osf'od v'kkafr ls cpkus esa en~n djrh gsa O;kikj ;q¼ ds pyrs vksj vu; ns'kksa }kjk vk;kr 'kqyd esa c<+ksùkjh djus ds fy, [kqn dks vk;kr izfrlfkkiu uhfr lgk;d gksxha pkyw [kkrk?kkvs vksj Hkqxrku larqyu esa lq/kj djrk gsa u, jkstxkj voljksa ds fy,?kjsyw m ksxksa dks c<+kok nsrk gsa izeq[k pquksfr;k %& uhfr vk;ksx ds vuqlkj?kjsyw daifu;ksa dks osf'od Lrj ij ekiuk (Scale) vksj izfrli/kz djuk eqf'dy gks tk,xka ;g lqj{kk dh,d Å ph nhokj ds ihns vis{kkñr NksVh daifu;ksa ds,d lewg dks tue nsxka vkffkzd uhfr ds :i esa eqdr O;kikj varjkz"vªh; laca/ksa esa izeq[k :i ls ;ksxnku nsrk gsa yach vof/ esa izfrli/kz dh deh ds dkj.k eky vksj lsokvksa dh dherksa esa o`f¼ gksxha fu"d"kz%& bl izdkj] vk;kr izfrlfkkiu,d fvdkå fodyi ugha gsa gkykafd] uhfr;k dqn {ks=kksa esa ykxw dh tk ldrh gas blds vykok fo'olrj ij fo'o O;kikj laxbu dks fiqj ls cnyuk gksxk rkfd ;g O;kikj ;q¼ dks de djus vksj osf'odj.k dks c<+kok nsus esa en~n djus esa,d izeq[k Hkwfedk fuhkk ldsa (1)

2 6 DEC 11: 30 AM iz'u&2 Hkkjrh; fofuekz.k dks fo'o Lrj ij de izfrli/hz cukus okyh pquksfr;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k djsa\ fofuekz.k ls osf'od th-mh-ihesa Hkkjr dk,d cm+k fgllk dsls lqfuf'pr fd;k tk ldrk gs\ Analyse the challenges that make Indian manufacturing less competitive globally? How can India ensure a greater share in global GDP through manufacturing? (250 Words, 15 Marks) Hkwfedk %& gky gh ds ldy?kjsyw mrikn ds vkadm+ksa ij è;ku fn;k tk, rks Hkkjr dk fofuekz.k {ks=k blesa vf/d Hkkxhnkjh ugha dj jgk gs] tcfd ;g {ks=k Hkkjr dh th-mh-ih- dk ek=k 17% gsa fofuekz.k m ksx vfkzo;olfkk esa,d egùoiw.kz Hkwfedk j[krk gsa orzeku esa Hkkjrh; fofuekz.k m ksx osf'od izfrli¼kz dk lkeuk ugha dj ik jgk gsa eq[; fo"k;olrq%& Hkkjrh; fofuekz.k {ks=k esa vxys 2&3 n'kdksa ds fy, vuqdwy tulkaf[;dh; ykhkka'k tsls ldkjkred rro gsaa vu; ns'kksa dh rqyuk esa Hkkjr esa Je 'kfdr dh dher vis{kkñr de gsa ;gk cms+&cms+ O;olkf;d?kjkus Hkh viuh fo'olkuh;rk vksj O;kolf;drk ds lkfk dke dj jgs gsaa tsls& VkVk] fjykbal vkfna Hkkjr tsls yksdrkaf=kd ns'k esa dkuwu ds fu;eksa ds lkfk?kjsyw cktkj esa izos'k,d etcwr mihkksdrkokn dks Li"V djrk gsa gkykafd] fofuekz.k {ks=k dks fofhkuu pquksfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk im+rk gs] tks bls de izfrli/hz cukrh gsaa cqfu;knh <k ps dh ck/k, %& dpps eky dh vkiwfrza vdq'ky Jzfed lw{e] y?kq,oa eè;e miøe bl {ks=k dks izhkkfor dj jgs gas] D;ksafd ;s de mrikndrk] vizpfyr izks ksfxdh] foùk lqfo/kvksa dh deh tsls eqíksa ls xzflr gsa jktuhfrd glr{ksi fofuekz.k {ks=k esa vuqla/ku,oa fodkl (R & D) dh deha vesfjdk tsls ns'kksa }kjk laj{k.koknh mik; Hkkjrh; mriknksa dks de izfrli/hz cukrs gsaa fofuekz.k {ks=k esa,iqmhvkbz dh deha,sls mik;] tks izfrli/kzredrk ds lkfk osf'od fofuekz.k esa Hkkjr ds fglls dks c<+k ldrs gsa%& fueulrj ds fofuekz.k dks lhfer djus rfkk Hkkjr dks yacs le; rd osf'od fofuekz.k dsunz cuus ds fy, (2)

3 vkj-,.mmh- dh t:jr gsa m ksx vksj f'k{kk lalfkkuksa dks tksm+uk egùoiw.kz gsa bzt vkwikq Mwbax fctusl dks 100 ls uhps djus esa vklkuh ykus ds fy, ykxr lq/kjksa ij è;ku dsfunzr djuka i;kzir dks'ky okys yksxksa dks izf'k{k.k nsuka mnkgj.k& fldy bafm;k fe'ku esd bu bafm;k igy eè;e vof/ ds nksjku fofuekz.k {ks=k dh o`f¼ esa 12&14% izfro"kz dh o`f¼ djus ds fy, izfrc¼ gsa ns'k ds ldy?kjsyw mrikn esa fofuekz.k ds fglls esa 2022 rd 16» ls 25% jgus dk y{; gs rfkk bl {ks=k esa 100 fefy;u ubz uksdfj;k l`ftr djus dk Hkh y{; gsa fofuekz.k {ks=k,d cm+h la[;k esa jkstxkj ds volj lqfuf'pr djkrk gsa fofuekz.k {ks=k esa 'kkfey [kk izlaldj.k m ksx Ñf"k {ks=k esa izksrlkgu ns ldrk gs] ftlls Ñf"k dh ldy?kjsyw mrikn esa Hkkxsnkjh c<+ ldsa tsls&laink ;kstuk blds vfrfjdr fofuekz.k {ks=k (dim+k m ksx] vkfn) dh ekax Hkkjr esa vf/d gsa bl izdkj Li"V gs] Hkkjr esa fofuekz.k m ksx dks osf'od izfrli/kz dk lkeuk djus ds fy, dqn cnyko djus gksxsaa (3)

4 6 DEC 11: 30 AM iz'u&3 D;k vkidks yxrk gs fd,e,lih esa o`f¼ Hkkjr esa Ñf"k lel;k dks gy djus ds fy,,d lrr lek/ku iznku djrh gs\ lekykspukred ijh{k.k djsaa Do you think increasing the MSPs provide a sustainable solution to address agrarian distress in India? Critically examine. (150 Words, 10 Marks) Hkwfedk %& Hkkjr esa fodkl dh j.kuhfr ds igyw ds fy,,d mi;qdr Ñf"k dher uhfr dh vko';drk gs] ftlesa U;wure lefkzu ewy; (,e-,l-ih-) viuh egùoiw.kz Hkwfedk fuhkkrh gsa Hkkjr esa,e-,l-ih esa y{ehdkar >k lfefr dh fliqkfj'kksa ij ykxw fd;k x;ka ;g fdlkuksa dks muds cktkj tksf[keksa ds izfr lqj{kk tky miyc/ djkrk gsa ;g fdlkuksa dks fueu vk; tky ls ckgj fudkyrk gsa gky gh esa Ñf"k ladv us fdlkuksa dks vkregr;k djus ij etcwj fd;k gsa fo"k;olrq %& Ñf"k laca/h ladv dh izeq[k fo'ks"kk,a%& fdlkuksa ij Í.k (dtznkjh) vksj cm+s&cm+s lkgwdkjksa }kjk mudk dk 'kks"k.k djuka Ñf"k rsth ls xsj&ykhkdkjh cu jgh gs] D;ksafd mriknu dh ykxr esa o`f¼ vksj [kk cht,oa vu; Ñf"k laca/h midj.kksa dk eg xk gksuka izpfyr fu/zurk,oa Ñ"kd ifjokjksa dh de Ø;'kfDr dk gksuka deh'ku vkwiq,xzhdypj dkwlv,.m izkbl (CACP) dh fliqkfj'kksa ds vk/kj ij dqn iqlyksa ds fy, cqokbz ds eksle dh 'kq#vkr esa Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk Ñf"k ladv ls fuivus ds fy, midj.kksa esa ls,d U;wure lefkzu ewy; (,e-,l-ih-) dh?kks"k.kk dh tkrh gsa gkfy;k ljdkj us fdlkuksa ds fy, mriknu ykxr dh 1.5 xquk,e-,l-ih- dh?kks"k.kk dh gsa U;wure lefkzu ewy; (MSP) dsls en~nxkj gs\ ;g Ñf"k olrqvksa esa mpp fuos'k vksj Ñf"k mriknu dks Hkh izksrlkfgr djrk gsa ;g [kk lqj{kk ds fy, Hkh [krjukd gksrk gs] D;ksafd fdlku mlh iqly dk mriknu djrk gs] ftl ij,e-,l-ih- fn;k tkrk gsa Ñf"k dk chek djuk gkykafd] ;g Ñf"k ladv ds fy, fvdkå lek/ku ugha djrk gs D;ksafd ;g dsoy mriknu ds fy, ewy; dh xkjavh nsrk gsa vkt gesa tks pkfg,] og Ñf"k {ks=k ds fodkl dh fn'kk esa lexz n`f"vdks.k gs] ftlesa eqíksa dh (4)

5 la[;k dk lkeuk djuk im+rk gsa o"kkz ij fuhkzj [ksrh dh izñfr ('kq¼ cksus okys {ks=k dk 60% ls vf/d) izks ksfxdh ifjje de fuos'k lalfkkxr ØsfMV dh igq p] i;kzirrk vksj le;c¼rka tyok;q ifjorzu ds ifj.kkelo:i izfrdwy eksle laca/h dkjda izr;sdo;fdr Ñf"k Hkwfe vf/xzg.k vlohdkj dj jgk gs vksj blds vykok,e-,l-ih- us ØkWfiax isvuz dks eqnzkliqhfr dh vksj vxzlj fd;k gs] ftlls vlrr Ñf"k izfkkvksa dh lahkkouk gksrh gs vksj ;gka rd fd jk"vªh; izfrn'kz losz{k.k laxbu (NSSO) ds vè;;u us ;g bafxr fd;k gs fd blls T;knkrj cm+s fdlkuksa dks iqk;nk gqvk gs] tcfd 70% fdlku blls vutku gsaa fu"d"kz%&,e-,e-ih- ds vykok] xzkeh.k bykdksa esa fo'ks"k :i ls flapkbz] ty fudklh] Hkwfe fodkl] ty laj{k.k] Ñf"k Í.k ij è;ku dsfunzr djus vksj folrkfjr xfrfof/;ksa] [ksrksa ls lacaf/r jkstxkj cukus vksj yksxksa dks Ñf"k ls ckgj fudkyus ds fy, yksxksa esa dks'ky fodkl djus dh t:jr gsa (5)

6 6 DEC 11: 30 AM iz'u&4 vkffkzd lq/kj ds :i esa mnkjhdj.k us vhkh rd Hkkjr esa viuk iwjk vkdkj izkir ugha fd;k gsa D;k vki bl ewy;kadu ls lger gsa\ mu {ks=kksa dk ewy;kadu djsa tks vhkh Hkh jkt; dh v{kerk ls fu/kzfjr gsaa Liberalisation as an economic reform hasn't yet attained its complete shape in India. Do you agree with this assessment; Examine the areas that are still stifled by the inefficiency of the state. (250 Words, 15 Marks) Hkwfedk %& Hkkjr esa vkffkzd mnkjhdj.k dh uhfr 1991 esa izkjahk dh xbz] ftlds varxzr futh {ks=kksa dks c<+kok fn;k x;k] tcfd lkoztfud {ks=k dh Hkkxsnkjh de dj mrikndrk c<+kus dk iz;kl fd;k x;ka ^okf'kaxvu lgefr* ds rgr Hkkjr esa [kqys cktkj dh /kj.kk vkffkzd mnkjhdj.k ds :i esa vkbza Hkkjr esa vkffkzd lq/kj 1991 esa Hkqxrku larqyu ds ladv ls fuivus ds fy;s 'kq: fd;k x;k FkkA fo"k;olrq %& mnkjhdj.k dk vfkz,sls fu;a=k.k esa <hy nsuk ;k mugsa gvk ysuk gs] ftlls vkffkzd fodkl dks c<+kok feysa mnkjhdj.k esa os lkjh fø;k, leefyr gsa] ftlds }kjk fdlh ns'k ds vkffkzd fodkl esa ck/k igq pus okyh vkffkzd uhfr;ksa] fu;eksa iz'kklfud fu;a=k.kksa] izfø;kvksa vkfn dks lekir fd;k tk ldrk gsa Hkkjr esa vkffkzd lq/kj (Economic Reforms in India):- fofhkuu {ks=kksa esa,iq-mh-vkbz- dks izfrcaf/r djuka fons'kh eqnzk izca/u vf/fu;e (FEMA) dks ykxw djuka vk;kr vksj fu;kzr ij ljdkj dk fu;a=k.ka dksbz iw.kz iw th [kkrk ifjorzuh;rk ughaa dbksj Je vksj dj ekun.m] tks?kjsyw m ksxifr;ksa ds fy, Hkh mrlkfgr ugha gsa iznuu csjkstxkjh dh otg ls vdq'ky Je Hkkxsnkjh iw.kz foùkh; lekos'ku vksj vk; lekurk ls dkiqh vyx gsa de jkstxkj ikus okyh ih<+h us vkffkzd fodkl ds lkfk rkyesy ugha j[kk gsa fons'kh iqeks± ds vkus ls LFkkuh; iqeks± esa fo?kvu dh lel;k mriuuk gqbza mnkgj.k ds fy,] bz&dkwelz us LFkkuh; nqdkuksa dk vf/xzg.k dj fy;k gsa dk;zdkjh eqís%& yky iqhrk'kkgh] fu.kz; ysus esa nsjh] Hkz"Vkpkj vkfna fo/k;h eqís%& jktuhfrd bpnk'kfdr] jktdks"kh; lesdu dh deh] jktuhfrd yksdfiz;rka U;kf;d eqís%& eè;lfkrk dh deh] U;kf;d ykijokgh] U;k; esa nsjh] (6)

7 mi;qzdr eqíksa ds ckotwn mnkjhdj.k esas vkbz-vh- VsyhdkWe lsdvj],;jykbu lsokvksa tsls dbz {ks=kksa esa rsth ykus ds fy, fueufyf[kr ifjorzu ls mnky vk;k gsa ;g izsfjr izfrli/kz ds dkj.k de dher esa vpnh xq.koùkk iznku djrk gsa nwjlapkj] lsok vksj,;j ykbuksa {ks=kksa esa dkiqh lq/kj gqvk gsa izr;{k fons'kh fuos'k (FDI) dks dqn lsdvj dks NksM+dj yxhkx lhkh lsdvjksa esa ykxw dj fn;k gsa fj;y LVsV vksj euksjatu {ks=k vkneh ds fy, llrk gks x;k gsa jsyos] lkoztfud {ks=k ds csad] f'k{kk vksj LokLF;] mozjd] ijek.kq {ks=k rfkk j{kk mriknuk vkfn tsls {ks=kksa esa jkt; dks vhkh dk;z djus dh t:jr gsa var esa laf{kir fu"d"kz nsaa (7)

8 eq[; ijh{kk Skill Development Programme 6 DEC 11: 30 AM iz'u& 5 ^foùkh; lekos'ku rhkh lgh ek;us esa iwjk gksxk tc 'kgjksa ds lkfk&lkfk xk o vksj v¼z&'kgjh bykds Hkh foùkh; O;oLFkk esa cjkcjh dk gd j[krs gkasa bl dfku ds lefkzu esa vius rdz izlrqr djrs gq, ljdkj n~okjk fd;s tk jgs fofhkuu iz;klksa ij izdk'k Mkfy;sA (250 Words, 15 Marks) Financial inclusion will only be complete in right sence when rural and semi-urban areas also have equal right over it. Presenting your reasons in the support of this statement, highlight the various efforts made by the government. mùkj%& Hkwfedk %& iwoz vkj-ch-vkbz- xouzj j?kqjke jktu }kjk foùkh; {ks=k es a lq/kj laca/h fjiksvz es a fyf[kr ^lhkh ds fy, equkflc dher ij fofo/ izdkj dh foùkh; lsokvks a dh miyc/rk foùkh; lekos'ku gsa ftles a egt cs afdax lqfo/k, gh ugha] cfyd nwljh foùkh; lsok, tsls chek lqj{kk vksj 'ks;jks a es a fuos'k Hkh 'kkfey gsa* fo"k;olrq %& etcwr o fdiqk;rh foùkh; O;oLFkk ds lkfk foùkh; lk{kjrk dk T;knk ls T;knk yksxks a rd igq puk gh foùkh; lekos'ku gsa xk o es a foùkh; lekos'ku dk nk;jk cs ad [kkrk [kqyokus vksj lkekftd lqj{kk dh ;kstukvks a ls vkxs c<+dj xzkeh.k m ferk ds fy, lgk;rk nsuk gsa ljdkj }kjk fd, x, egùoiw.kz iz;kl%& lgkdkfjrk,oa 1969 es a cs adks a ds futhdj.k us xzkeh.k bykdks a es a foùkh; lekos'ku dks cy iznku fd;k gsa 2011 es a ^LokfHkeku ;kstuk* dh 'kq:vkr dh xbz] ftles a nks gtkj ls T;knk dh vkcknh okys gj xkao rd 'kk[kkvks a] fctusl dkwjslik Ms av vksj eksckby cs afdx ds tkfj, cs afdx lsok eqgs;k djkuk FkkA 1998 es a cht] mozjd] dhvuk'kd dh [kjhn,oa mriknu dh vko';drkvks a gsrq udnh fudkyus dh lqfo/k iznku djus ds fy, ^fdlku ØsfMV dkmz ;kstuk* 'kq: dh xbza iz/kuea=kh tu/u ;kstuk ds rgr ns'k ds xjhc yksxks a dks cs ad vdkmav dh lqfo/kvks a ls tksm+k x;k] rkfd MsfcVdkMZ dh lqfo/k ds lkfk&lkfk [kkrs ds tfj, dy;k.kdkjh ;kstukvks a dk lh/k iqk;nk feysa tsls& iz/kuea=kh lqj{kk chek ;kstuk] vvy is a'ku ;kstuk vkfna ^xzke Lojkt vfhk;ku dk* fø;kuo;ua ^iz/kuea=kh eqnzk ;kstuk* foùkh; lekos'ku dk,d mnkgj.k gs] ftlds tfj, xk oks a es a m ferk dks izksrlkgu fn;k tk jgk gsa larqfyr,oa lkjxfhkzr fu"d"kz%& foùkh; lekos'ku dk eryc egt cs ad [kkrk [kksyus vksj dtz ck Vus rd lhfer ugha jgk] cfyd bles a chek lqj{kk ls ysdj fmftvy ysus&nsus dk bartke vksj yksxks a dks foùkh; lk{kj cukus dk dke Hkh 'kkfey gks pqdk gs aa vc xk o crksj,d lekt ugha] cfyd cm+ s cktkj ds rksj ij fodflr gksus yxk gsa (8)

9 6 DEC 11: 30 AM iz'u&6 gsjkym&mkwej ekwmy dk laf{kir ifjp; nhft;s] Hkkjr tsls jk"vªksa ds fy, bl ekwmy dh izklafxdrk dk vkykspukred ijh{k.k dhft;sa Briefly explain Harrod-Domar model. Critically analyse the relevance of this model in the context of India. Hkwfedk esa gsjkym&mkwej ekwmy dh i`"bhkwfe dks crk,aa vxys isjk esa gsjkym MkWej ekwmy dk vkykspukred ewy;kadu crk,aa var esa laf{kir fu"d"kz nsa gsjkym&mkwej ekwmy bl ckr dks Li"V djrk gs fd vfkzo;olfkk esa lao`f¼ dks cuk, j[kus ds fy, ;k mls c<+kus ds fy, dksu&ls mik;ksa ij è;ku nsuk pkfg,\ bl ekwmy esa dgk x;k gs fd fuos'k u dsoy ekax dks c<+krk gs] cfyd mriknu {kerk dks Hkh c<+k nsrk gsa,slh flfkfr esa fuos'k dk fujarj c<+uk t:jh gsa vxj,slk ugha gqvk rks vfkzo;olfkk eanh esa pyh tk,xh vksj iw.kz jkstxkj ds LRkj ls uhps vk tk;sxha Hkkjr esa bls izfke iapo"khz; ;kstuk esa ykxw fd;k x;k Fkk vksj vkt Hkh Hkkjr esa ljdkj dh uhfr;ksa esa cpr nj dks egùoiw.kz LFkku fn;k x;k gsa vkykspukred ewy;kadu%& Hkkjr tsls fodkl'khy jk"vªksa ds lanhkz esa bl ekwmy dh fofhkuu vk/kjksa ij vkykspuk,a dh tkrh gsa& vuksipkfjd {ks=k dh iz/kurk ds dkj.k Hkkjr tsls jk"vªksa esa dsfivy&vkmviqv jsf'k;ks (COR) dh x.kuk djuk dfbu gksrk gsa dbz ckj mldk lgh vuqeku ugha yxk ikrs gsaa bl ekwmy esa iw thxr olrqvksa dks vf/d egro fn;k x;k gs rfkk mihkksdrk olrqvksa dh vuns[kh dh xbz gsa bl izdkj ;g ekwmy LiQhfrd gsa Hkkjr tsls jk"vªksa esa cpr nj dks vko';drkuqlkj vklkuh ls lek;ksftr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gsa Hkkjr tsls jk"vªksa esa dsoy vks ksfxd fodkl ds }kjk lelr csjkstxkjh dks lekir ugha fd;k tk ldrk gs] tcfd ;g ekwmy vks ksfxd fodkl ij è;ku dsfunzr djrk gsa mi;qzdr ds ckotwn ;g ekwmy fodkl esa cprksa dh Hkwfedk dks egùoiw.kz :i ls mtkxj djrk gsa var esa larqfyr,oa lkjxfhkzr fu"d"kz nsaa (150 Words, 10 Marks) (9)

10 6 DEC 11:30 AM iz'u&7 Hkkjr esa vukt mriknu dh lel;k mruh fodjky ugha gsa ftruh fd HkaMkj.k dha vukt ds HkaMkj.k ls lacaf/r lel;k dh ppkz djrs gq, blls fuivus ds mik; lq>k, A (150 Words, 10 Marks) The problem of crop production is not so horrible as that of storage. Discussing the problems associated with crop storage. Suggest measures to redress them. Hkwfedk esa vukt mriknu dh flfkfr rfkk Hk.Mkj.k ds {ks=k esa vkus okyh lel;kvksa dks crk,aa vxys isjk esa bl lel;k ls fuivus ds fy, D;k mik; fd;s tk ldrs gsa\ var esa laf{kir fu"d"kz nsaa Ñf"k lgdkfjrk,oa fdlku dy;k.k fohkkx }kjk tkjh vkadm+ksa ds vuqlkj pkoy] xsgw lfgr lhkh nyguh iqlyksa ds fjdkwmz mriknu dh ckr dgh xbz gsa blds ckotwn nqfu;k esa Hkw[ks yksxksa dh djhc 23% vkcknh Hkkjr esa fuokl djrh gsa ogha nwljh vksj Hkkjr esa yk[kksa Vu vukt mfpr HkaMkj.k ds vhkko esa lm+ tkrk gsa Hkkjr esa [kk HkaMkj.k dh {kerk lnso t:jr ls de jgh gsa Hkkjrh; [kk fuxe ds ikl dsoy 340 yk[k Vu [kk kuuk dh Hk.Mkj.k {kerk gsa dbz ckj lokszpp U;k;ky; }kjk vukt lm+us ds lanhkz esa ljdkj dks iqvdkj yxkbz tk pqdh gs] ftlesa U;k;ky; dk dguk gs fd vukt dks lm+us nsus dh ctk; bls t:jreanksa dks ck V nsuk pkfg,a,d vè;;u ds vuqlkj] Hkkjr esa Hk.Mkj.k vksj volajpuk ds vhkko esa izfro"kz 201 yk[k Vu xsgw lm+ tkrk gs] tks fd vkwlvªsfy;k esa mrikfnr dqy xsgw dh ek=kk ds cjkcj gsa mik;%& u, xksnkeksa ds fuekz.k ds lkfk gh iqjkus xksnkeksa dh ejeer rfkk j[k&j[kko ij Hkh è;ku nsuk pkfg,a vukt dh,d cm+h ek=kk Hkkjrh; [kk fuxe dh [kjhn ls igys gh o"kkz ;k izkñfrd vkink ds pyrs [kjkc gks tkrh gs] vr% fdlku dvkbz ds rqjar ckn iqly dh [kjhn lqfuf'pr dh tk,a de dher ij gokjks/h cm+s vkdkj ds 200 Vu {kerk ls vf/d dh ikwyhfkhu dh cksjh fdlkuksa dks miyc/ djokbz tk, ftlls vukt lm+us dh lel;k dks dqn gn rd de fd;k tk ldsa,d losz ds vuqlkj] Hkkjr esa 454 oxz fdeh- esa,d eamh gs] tcfd Hkkjr esa 80 oxz fdeh- {ks=k esa,d e.mh gksuh pkfg,a jsfizqtjsvj okguksa dks c<+kok fn;k tk,a var esa larqfyr,oa lkjxfhkzr fu"d"kz nsaa (10)

11 6 DEC 6:30 AM iz-8& [kk izlaldj.k m ksx Hkkjr esa dsoy m ksx gh ugha vkt dh t:jr Hkh gsa vkids vuqlkj og dksu&dksu ls dkjd gsa] tks blds fodkl dh lahkkoukvksa dks izcy cukrs gsa\ Food Processing Industry is not only an industry in India, but also need of to day. What are the factors according to you which facilitates the possibilities of its development. (150 Words, 10 Marks) Hkwfedk esa fueu ckrksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tk ldrk gs& og rduhdh] ftlds ekè;e ls Ñf"k vk/kfjr izkfkfed mriknksa dks Hk.Mkj.k] muu;u rfkk ;ksx; cuk;k tkrk gs] [kk izlaldj.k m ksx dgykrh gsa Hkkjr dh,d cm+h vkcknh dh Ñf"k ij fuhkzjrk bl m ksx ij fuhkzjrk vksj fodkl dh lhkkoukvksa dks c<+krh gsa eq[; fo"k;olrq%& [kk izlaldj.k m ksx fofuekz.k rfkk ewy; lao/zu xfrfof/;ksa dks c<+kok nsrk gsa viuh bl izfø;k ds ekè;e ls Hkkjr ds [kk cktkj esa bldh Hkkxhnkjh yxhkx 32% ds djhc gsa mriknu] mihkksx rfkk fu;kzr dh n`f"v ls Hkkjr dk ik poka lcls cm+k m ksx gsa t:jr D;ksa\ Hkkjr fo'o dk nwljk lcls cm+k vkcknh okyk ns'k gs] tgk jkstxkj rfkk Ø; {kerk dh cm+h lel;k gsa orzeku esa ;g m ksx yxhkx 13 fefy;u yksxksa dks izr;{k rfkk 35 fefy;u yksxksa dks vizr;{k :i ls jkstxkj miyc/ djkus ds lkfk ek x c<+kus esa ;ksxnku ns jgk gsa blds }kjk iqly fofo/rk rfkk Ñf"k ds okf.kt;hdj.k dks c<+kok fn;k tkrk gs] ftlls fdlkuksa dks mfpr ewy; izkir gksrk gsa è;kro; gs fd Hkkjr esa iqy rfkk lfct;ksa ds dqy mriknu dk yxhkx 35% Hkkx mfpr j[k&j[kko ds vhkko esa cckzn gks tkrk gsa ;g {ks=k Ñf"k rfkk vks ksfxd {ks=k dks tksm+rkk gsa vr% Ñ"kdksa ds dpps eky ds laj{k.k] lao/zu rfkk [kk lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djus esa bl m ksx dh egùoiw.kz vko';drk gsa fodkl dh lhkkouk, %& Hkkjr dh tyok;q] fev~vh rfkk iqly dh fofo/rk ds dkj.k mriknu esa,d egùoiw.kz LFkku j[krk gsa Hkkjr cm+h tula[;k fofo/rk rfkk ifjogu dh flfkfr esa lq/kj ls [kk olrqvksa dh ek x esa mnky vk;k gsa f'k{kk] vk;] O;Lr fnup;kz rfkk Hkkjrh; [kk laj{k.k,oa ekud izkf/dj.k (FSSAI) tsls xq.koùkk ekudksa (11)

12 us blds fodkl dks izhkkoh cuk;k gsa Hkkjr esa c<+rs 'kgjhdj.k rfkk LekVZ flvh esa c<+rh ek x us bl m ksx dh lahkkoukvksa dks c<+k;k gsa iz/kuea=kh dh egùokdka{kh ;kstuk] ftlesa 2022 rd Ñ"kd vk; dks nksxquk djus dk y{; j[kk x;k gsa,sls esa vo'; gh bl m ksx dh egùoiw.kz vko';drk gsa esdsuth uked lalfkk }kjk 'kks/ ds ekè;e ls orzeku dkjksckj] tks yxhkx 3-5 djksm+ dk gs] esa o"kz 2025 rd nksxquk gksus dh lahkkouk crk;h x;h gs] tks blds fodkl dh lahkkoukvksa dk lwpd gsa var esa laf{kir fu"d"kz nsaa (12)

13 6 DEC 6:30 AM iz'u&9 larqfyr ctv ls vki D;k le>rs gsa\ fdlh Hkh vfkzo;olfkk esa bldh D;k Hkwfedk gksrh gs\ What do you understand by Balanced Budget? What is its role in any economy? (150 Words, 10 Marks) Hkwfedk esa larqfyr ctv dks crk,aa vxys isjk esa crk,a ;g fdlh vfkzo;olfkk ds fy, fdl izdkj egùoiw.kz gs\ var esa laf{kir fu"d"kz nsaa ljdkjh ctv ljdkj ds vuqekfur [kpks± vksj izkfir;ksa dk okf"kzd foùkh; fooj.k gksrk gs] ftls fo/kf;dk ds le{k vfxze :i ls izlrqr fd;k tkrk gsa Li"V gs] larqfyr ctv esa lkoztfud O;; vksj dqy jktlo izkfir;k cjkcj gksrh gsaa blesa dksbz ctv?kkvk ugha gs] ysfdu lahkor% ctv vf/'ks"k gks ldrk gsa fdlh Hkh jk"vª esa ctv fueufyf[kr eq[; Hkwfedkvksa dk laiknu djrk gs& dk;zikfydk ij foùkh; fu;a=k.ka fu;kstu dks ykxw djuka igys ls py jgh xfrfof/;ksa (on going activities) dk csgrj foùkh; izca/u lqfuf'pr djuka mùknkf;ro vksj tokcnsgh dks lqfuf'pr djuka izk;% vlarqfyr ctv vfkzo;olfkk dks gkfu igq pk ldrk gsa mnkgj.k ds fy, ;fn?kkvs dk ctv cuk;k tkrk gs vfkkzr ljdkjh vk; dh rqyuk esa fu;ksftr <ax ls j[ks tkrs gsa rks ljdkj }kjk mugsa iwjk djus ds fy, ghukfkz izca/u fd;k tk,xka blds dkj.k lkoztfud cprsa ljdkjh {ks=k dh vksj eqm+ tk;sxhaa blls futh {ks=k dk fodkl izhkkfor gksxka ;g,d cm+k dkj.k gs] fd futhdj.k vksj mnkjhdj.k esa ljdkjh?kkvksa dks vpnk ugha ekuk tkrk gsa blh izdkj ;fn vf/'ks"k dk ctv (Surplus budget) cuk;k tkrk gsa vfkkzr ljdkjh [kpsz fu;ksftr :i ls ljdkjh vk; dh rqyuk esa de j[ks tkrs gsaa ysfdu dqn fo'ks"k ifjflfkfr;ksa esa valrqfyr ctv vpnk gks ldrk gsa var esa larqfyr,oa lkjxfhkzr fu"d"kz nsaa (13)

14 6 DEC 11: 30 AM iz'u&10 fueufyf[kr ij fvii.kh dhft,& ldy?kjsyw mrikn ldy jk"vªh; mrikn eqnzkliqhfr udn vkj{k.k vuqikr jsiks nj Comment on the following- (Gross domestic product-gdp) (Gross National Product-GNP) (Inflation) (Cash Reserve Ratio-CRR) (Repo rate) (250 Words, 15 Marks) fvii.kh%& ldy?kjsyw mrikn%& (Gross Domestic product- GDP):- fdlh Hkh vfkzo;olfkk esa,d o"kz esa mrikfnr lhkh olrqvksa vksj lsokvksa ds vafre (Final) eksfnzd ewy; dks ldy?kjsyw mrikn (GDP) dgrs gsaa Hkkjr ds fy, ;g,d o"kz 1 vizsy ls 31 ekpz rd gsa bldk vkadyu jk"vªh; futh mihkksx] ldy fuos'k] ljdkjh,oa O;kikj 'ks"k (fu;kzr&vk;kr) ds ;ksxiqy }kjk Hkh fd;k tkrk gsa blesa ns'k ds ckgj mrikfnr vk;krksa ds O;; dks rfkk mlesa ns'k&fufezr olrqvksa,oa lsokvksa dk ewy; tqm+k gksrk gsa ftugsa ns'k esa ugha cspk x;k gsa ldy jk"vªh; mrikn (Gross National Products- GNP):- fdlh vfkzo;olfkk esa xzkl us'kuy izkwmdv (GNP) ml vk; dks dgrs gs] tks th-ih-mh- esa fons'kksa ls gksus okyh vk; dks tksm+dj gkfly gksrk gsa blesa ns'k dh lhek ls ckgj gksus okyh vkffkzd xfrfof/;ksa dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gsa fons'kksa ls gksus okyh vk; esa fueufyf[kr igyqvksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tk ldrk gs& futh izs"k.k ds }kjk vfkkzr~ Hkkjr ds ukxfjd nwljs ns'k esa vksj nwljs ns'k ds Hkkjr esa dke djrs gsaa buds yksxksa ds futh ysus&nsus ls ;g vkenkuh izkir gksrh gsa fons'kh dtzs ij C;kt fons'kh vuqnku eqnzkliqhfr (Inflation):- eqnzkliqhfr fdlh vfkzo;olfkk ds ^f=kd* (Trinity) esa ls,d gsa blds nks vu; rro ^fofue; nj* vksj (14)

15 ^o`f¼ nj* gsa egaxkbz (Price rise) vke vkneh dks izhkkfor djus okyh lcls fofnr vkffkzd vo/kj.kk gs vfkkzr eqnzkliqhfr dherksa ds lkeku; Lrj esa lrr~ o`f¼ dks dgrs gsaa vkf[kj eqnzkliqhfr D;ksa gksrh gs\ (izdkj)%& ekax vksj vkiwfrz ds chp vlarqyu dh otg ls nke c<+ tkrs gsaa rks bls ekax tfur eqnzkliqhfr dgrs gsaa ykxr tfur eqnzkliqhfr%& ;g dqn vfrfjdr eqnzk }kjk foùkiksf"kr gksrh gsa (;s ljdkj }kjk fd;k tkrk gs] etnwjh ds la'kks/u ls] lkoztfud m/kjh ls ;k vf/d uksv Nkidj) udn vkj{k.k vuqikr (CRR):- udn vkj{k.k vuqikr (Case Reserve Ratio-CRR) Hkkjr esa dk;z djus okys vuqlwfpr csdksa (ns'kh,oa fons'kh) ds ldy tekvksa dk og vuqikr gs] tks mugsa RBI ds ikl ^udn* ds :i esa j[kuk vfuok;z gsa blds vuqikr dh ek=kk D;k gksrh gs ;g RBI r; djrh gs] tks igys 3 ls 15 izfr'kr ds chp gqvk djrk Fkk ysfdu RBI,DV 1934 ds rgr~ 2007 esa blds fupys Lrj dh lhek dks lekir dj fn;k gs vr% vc ;g 0&15 izfr'kr ds chp gks ldrk gsa orzeku esa ;g 4% gsa jsiks nj (Repo rate ):- C;kt dh og nj] ftl ij RBI }kjk vius xzkgdksa dks y?kq vof/ (short-term) Í.k miyc/ djk;k tkrk gs] mls Hkkjr esa ^jsiks nj* dgrs gsaa oklro esa ;g ^iqu[kzjhn nj (Rate of Repurchase)* dk Yk?kq:i gs] ftls if'pe dh fodflr vfkzo;olfkkvksa esa ^iqudzvksrh nj* (Rate of discont) dgk tkrk gsa jsiks jsv dh jkf'k ftruh de gksrh gs rc Hkkjr dk dkwy euh ekdzsv ;k ekax eqnzk cktkj (varj csad cktkj) blh nj ij dke djrk gs vksj csad bl jklrs dk blrseky jkrksa jkr m/kj ysus ds fy, djrs gsaa bl nj dk lh/k laca/ ml nj ls gs ftl ij csad xzkgdksa dks yksu nsrs gsaa (15)

?kcjk, ugha. Hkkjrh; fjt+koz csad viuh ns;rk tkusa. rqjar bldh lwpuk nsa rfkk viuh f'kdk;r ds fy,,d ikorh çkir djsa

?kcjk, ugha. Hkkjrh; fjt+koz csad viuh ns;rk tkusa. rqjar bldh lwpuk nsa rfkk viuh f'kdk;r ds fy,,d ikorh çkir djsa foùkh; lk{kjrk lirkg 04&08 twu] 2018 xzkgd dh ns;rk & vuf/kd`r@bysdvªkwfud csafdax ysunsu vkids csad [kkrs vfkok ØsfMV @ MsfcV dkmz esa /kks[kk/km+h ;k vuf/kd`r ysunsu rqjar bldh lwpuk nsa rfkk viuh f'kdk;r