Hydraulic / Pneumatic Fundamentals. o Force, Pressure, Work and Power Some Basic Physics Physical Characteristics of Fluids

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1 HYDRAULIC / PNEUMATIC PRINCIPLES I Curse Intrductin: The gal f this training curse is t prvide yu with a slid understanding f the general cncepts assciated with Hydraulic and Pneumatic equipment as fund in industry tday. It ffers an intrductin t the fundamentals f Hydraulic and Pneumatic principles, including a general understanding f the basic physics invlved. The curse describes the varius types f Hydraulic / Pneumatic equipment as well as the different types f Seals used in such equipment and the materials they can be made f. It als prvides a clser lk at numerus industries and their specific applicatins fr Hydraulic / Pneumatic equipment and Seals, as well as a thrugh guide t trublesht bth equipment and Seals. Curse Objective: Upn cmpletin f this curse yu will demnstrate an understanding f Hydraulic and Pneumatic principles, equipment, Seals and industries. Yu will be able t identify and describe the basic peratin f Hydraulic / Pneumatic systems, the varius equipment used in their peratin, Hydraulic / Pneumatic terms as well as actuatr Sealing Device design / material strengths and weaknesses. Yu will be able t trublesht Hydraulic / Pneumatic equipment and Seals. Curse Curriculum Length: 48 hurs Curse Mdules & Syllabus Hydraulic / Pneumatic Fundamentals What is Hydraulic / Pneumatic? Hydraulics Pneumatics Frce, Pressure, Wrk and Pwer Sme Basic Physics Physical Characteristics f Fluids Transmissin f Hydraulic / Pneumatic Frce & Energy Fluid Flw Characteristics Pressure Drp Mediums used t transmit Hydraulic / Pneumatic Frce & Energy Pneumatic Mediums Pneumatic System Maintenance Hydraulic Mediums Imprtant Characteristics f Hydraulic Mediums Types f Hydraulic Mediums Hydraulic System Maintenance Hydraulic / Pneumatic Equipment Equipment used t create Hydraulic / Pneumatic Energy Hydraulic Reservirs / Clers / Strainers & Filters / Pumps

2 Hydraulic Reservirs Clers Strainers & Filters Hydraulic Pumps Pneumatic "Air Cmpressrs" Equipment used t transmit & cntrl Hydraulic / Pneumatic Energy Transmissin f Hydraulic / Pneumatic Energy Cntrl f Hydraulic / Pneumatic Energy Hw Hydraulic/Pneumatic Energy (Flw) cnverts t Pressure Energy Valves Pressure Cntrl Valves Pressure Relief Valves Pressure Reducing Valve Unlading Valve Cunterbalance (Ft) Valve Sequence Valves Directinal Cntrl Valves Check Valves Flw Cntrl Valves Accumulatrs Bsters Equipment used t cnvert Pressure Energy t Kinetic Energy Rtary Actuatrs Linear Actuatrs Actuatr Cmpnents and Cnstructin Barrel / Bre / Tube End Caps / Barrel Flanges / Heads Prts Pistn Rd r Ram Bearings / Bushings Sealing Devices Wipers Actuatr Operatin Cylinders Rams Single Acting Cylinders r Rams Duble Acting Cylinders Specific Equipment Tie-Rd Cylinders Mill Cylinders & Mbile Equipment Cylinders Dispsable r Thrw-Away Cylinders Telescping Cylinders Duble ended Cylinders Rdless Cylinders

3 Cylinder Manufacturers Ram Actuatrs / Presses Hrizntal Rams Vertical Rams Press Manufacturers Hydraulic / Pneumatic Seals Intrductin t Hydraulic / Pneumatic Seals Definitin f "Elastmer Seals" Fundamentals f "Elastmer Sealing" Applicatin Operating Parameters Seal Cntainment Space Surface Finish Static Sealing Surface Finish Dynamic Sealing The Imprtance f "Lw Pressure" Sealing Dynamic and Static Sealing with 1 Elastmer Sealing Device The Rubber O-ring The Single Lip Seal Seal Shapes and Designs OEM Designs Symmetrical / Nn-symmetrical Unidirectinal / Bi-directinal Squeeze Type / Lip Type Seals Squeeze Type Seals Lip Type Seals Single / Cmbinatin / Multiple Lip Type Seals Single Seals Cmbinatin Seals Multiple Lip Seals Rd Seals and Pistn Seals Rd Munted Seal Design Pistn Munted Seal Design Cmpressin Type Seals Autmatic, Nncmpressin Type Seals Pistn Rings Pistn Rings High Velcity Bypass Scring Damage Cushin Seals Wipers Wipers Hw a Wiper Functins Freign Cntaminants in an Actuatr Scring f Dynamic Surfaces

4 Severity and Occurrence f Scring Damage Rd / Ram Scring Wiper Design and Material Bearings and Bearing Bands The Functin f a Bearing Tight Sliding Fit Nn-cncentric, Slppy Bearing Supprt Bearing Materials Metallic Bearings Nn Metallic Bearing Surfaces Measurements and Tlerances Measuring Tlerances Installatin Prper Seal Installatin Hydraulic / Pneumatic Seal Materials Seal Material Cnsideratins Temperature Range Cmpressin Setting Fluid Cmpatibility Pressure Range and Extrusin Resistance Pressure Range Extrusin Resistance Cefficient f Frictin The Effects f Frictin System Lubricatin Nn Lubricated Material Material "Surface" Lubricatin Material with "Built-In" Lubricatin Elastic Memry Shelf Life Surface Finish Surface Prfile Surface Finish Measurements Actuatr Sealing Surface Finish Ranges Durmeter Hardness Abrasin Resistance The "Multi" Material Cmprmise Leather Rubbers Buna-N Always Ask Precautins Carbxylated Nitrile

5 Always Ask Precautins Neprene Always Ask Precautins Flurcarbn Always Ask Precautins Fabric Reinfrced Rubber PTFE Precautins Thermplastics Thermplastic Elastmers Precautins Thermset Plymers Precautins Types f Industries Fluid Pwer Industry Injectin Mlding Actuatr Applicatins Pwer Plants Tire Manufacturing Tire Presses Water Hydraulic Center Pst Mechanism Ram Cylinder with Bagwell Oil Hydraulic with Mechanical Interface Cmmn Tire Press Manufacturers Pulp & Paper Actuatr Applicatins Wd Yard

6 Pulp Paper Machine - Wet End Paper Machine - Dry End Cnverting Pwer Recvery Waste Water Treatment Hydrelectric Actuatr Applicatins Waste Water Treatment Sewerage Sludge Pumps Sewerage Sludge Pumps Manufacturers Autmtive Parts Manufacturing Autmtive Assembly Railrad Switch Yards Brake r Retarder Cylinders Switch Cylinders Mining Open Pit Mining Open Pit Mining Equipment Undergrund Mining Lng Wall Mining Applicatins Industrial Presses Overview Metal Stamping Presses Rubber Mlding Presses Chipbard / Plywd / Laminating Presses Steel / Metal Mills Metal Extrusin Fundries General Industries with Hydraulic / Pneumatic Systems Other Industries Trubleshting Hydraulic / Pneumatic Equipment & Seals Service Prblems Understanding Failures - What is Acceptable Leakage? Remember the term "Acceptable Leakage"? S, what is "Acceptable Leakage"? Hydraulic Applicatins

7 Pneumatic applicatins Trubleshting Scrapping and Replacing Cylinders The fur-step Prcess Leakage Pattern Slight, Steady Leakage Leakage Increases Gradually Heavy, Sudden Leakage Incnsistent, Erratic Leakage Actuatr Perfrmance Chatter r Stick-Slip Creep r Drift Excessive Drag r Seizing Increasing Actuatr Temperature withut External Heat Surce Reasns fr Cylinder Repair Operating Cnditins Excessive Temperature Fluid Type Fluid Cntaminatin Excessive Speed Shck Lading Cylinder Cnditin Rd Damage Bre Damage Side Lad Imprper Seal Fit Imprper Surface Finish Imprper Gland and Pistn Design Seal Cnditin Extrusin f Inside Diameter Heel Excessive Abrasin r Grving f Dynamic Sealing Lip U-cup Split thrugh center f its Crss Sectin U-cup r Pistn Cup is Separated frm Heel Crescent Shaped Sectin Missing frm Dynamic Sealing Lip Disclratin, Swelling, Sftening r Hardening f Seal Cmpund Excessive Wear, Misshaping, Darkening f V-ring Sets in Stacked Sets Wear n Dynamic Heel 360 f Seal's Circumference Excessive Wear n Dynamic Heel and Lip f 180 f Seal's circumference.

8 Excessive Wear n Heel 360 f Circumference f Pistn Cup Black, Tar-like Depsits and/r Burned Spts between the Seal Lips Rlled r Twisted Seal may have Permanent Creases frm twisting in Seal Cavity. N Visible Damage, but Leaking Extrusin f Outside Diameter Heel Seal lips are Crushed, Crimped r Creased Seal is Dark r Black in clr, has Lst Flair, r is Drastically Misshaped Vertical / Axial Scratches n Static Lip may be assciated with ther Damage Frictin, Wear & Drag Effects Static Sealing Line Dynamic Sealing Line Cnclusin Hydrplaning f Seals Definitin f Hydrplaning Hydraulic Fluid and Hydrplaning Cntaminant Entrapment & Exclusin Intrductin Remedies