Saginaw Valley Research and Extension Center 2014 Pickling Cucumber Variety Trial

Transcription

1 Midwest Vegetle Tril Report for 2014 Sginw Vlley Reserh nd Extension Center 2014 Pikling Cuumber Vriety Tril Ben Phillips Mihign Stte University Extension One Tusol St., Sginw, MI Offie: (989) Emil: A pikling uumber vriety tril ws plnted t the Sginw Vlley Reserh nd Extension Center (3775 S. Reese Rod, Frnkenmuth, MI 48734). Seminis, Nunhem s, nd Rijk Zwn seed ompnies generously donted publily ville prthenorpi (seedless) nd predomintely femle (stndrd or PF) uumber seeds to the tril. The 72 plots were split into four overlpping bloks. The northern blok onsisted of six replitions of six predomintely femle vrieties plnted t rte of one seed per 5 inhes (Tle 1). The southern blok onsisted of six replitions of six seedless vrieties plnted t rte of one seed per 7 inhes (Tle 2). Seedless vrieties were not isolted from stndrds. The estern blok ws spryed for downy mildew, nd fetured three replitions of eh seedless nd PF vriety. The western blok ws not treted for downy mildew, nd fetured the sme three replitions of eh vriety s the estern treted blok. Curbit (3 pt/), nd ure (to supply 60 lb/ N) ws pplied to the disked field pproximtely two weeks before plnting. The soil type ws Tppn-Londo lom with poor-moderte dringe lssifition, typil of the pikling uumber-growing region of Mihign s Sginw Vlley. On June 27, 2014, uumbers were mhine-plnted with Monosem vuum plnter with one tlespoon of tl powder per bin. Eh plot hd four rows tht were 27 feet long nd 20 inhes prt, with 40-inh spe (north-south), nd 5-foot brek (est-west) between vrieties. NQ5543, NUN53014, nd Puini uumber vrieties did not flow through the plnter well nd required hnd-plnting. On July 17, 2014, the uumbers were thinned. Plots were hoed on July 17, nd August 4. Protetive sprys ourred on the estern spry blok with bkpk spryer on July 17 (Brvo nd Mnzte), July 24 (Brvo nd Crio), July 30 (Mnzte nd Previur Flex), nd August 6 (Brvo nd Previur Flex). The tnk mixes fetured rtes of Brvo t 32oz/, Mnzte t 3lb/, Crio t 16 oz/, nd Previur Flex t 0.8oz/. Seedless uumbers were hrvested on August 13 (dy 49), nd PF vrieties were hrvested on August 15 (dy 51). Mesurements were tken on the sme dys s eh respetive hrvest. Twenty feet of n inner row of eh plot ws destrutively hrvested by hnd, nd ll uumbers greter thn the dimeter of Shrpie mrker p were pled into leled ontiner. Eh ontiner ws then sent through sorter to seprte uumber size lsses: 4 (>2 inhes), 3B ( inhes), 3A ( inhes), 2B ( inhes), 2A ( inhes), nd 1 ( inhes). Cull tllies nd hrvest weights of eh size lss were mesured seprtely within eh plot, nd 10 uumbers were hosen rndomly to mesure their length nd dimeter. If there were fewer thn 10 uumbers in size lss, then they were ll mesured. Results Spryed uumbers were free of downy mildew for the durtion of the tril, while the unspryed northern blok of PF uumbers were nturlly infested with the pthogen strting on July 30. Within one week, the pthogen hd spred to the seedless uumbers in the unspryed southern

2 Midwest Vegetle Tril Report for 2014 blok. Additionlly, seed otings, tl powder, nd hnd plnting plyed n importnt role in stnd density. Three seedless vrieties (NQ5543, NUN53014, nd Puini) were unsuessfully plnted with the Monosem vuum plnter when too muh tl powder ws dded to the seed bins. Hnd-plnted plots did not germinte s well, or s densely s the mehnilly plnted plots. Totl bushel/re yield dt inludes ulls, but exludes 1 s. A better estimte of yield n be found by tking the perent of ulls wy from the bu/ estimte. Size lss 1 ws not weighed. Two honeybee hives were pled 100 yrds wy for the entire summer, nd they were tive in ll plots. This hs been problem for field-produed seedless vrieties, using misshped fruit. However, ull rtes were low in seedless vrieties of this tril, nd this my hve been beuse they strted flowering four dys before stndrd vrieties, before pollen beme ville from the stndrd plnts. Cuumbers spryed for downy mildew yielded higher thn the unspryed uumbers nd ontined fewer ulls. This ws more notiele in PF uumbers, whih yielded between 1.56 nd 2.24 times more when they were spryed, nd ontined times more ulls when left unspryed. Yields were signifintly greter in spryed plots of Expedition (3As: P < 0.001, 2Bs: P = 0.009) nd Logn (2Bs: P = 0.019) (Figure 1). There ws lso signifint yield differene in Logn 2A s (P = 0.017) nd Journey 2A s (P = 0.003). The highest yielding spryed nd unspryed PF uumbers were Expedition (501.3 bu/) nd Journey ( bu/). Seedless uumbers experiened n inresed yield ftor between 0.84 nd 1.77 when spryed, nd hd times more ulls when left unspryed. Yields were signifintly greter in spryed plots of Strvinsky (2Bs: P = 0.009) (Figure 1). The highest yielding spryed nd unspryed seedless uumbers were Gershwin ( bu/) nd RZ09 ( bu/). Overll, there ws higher yield proportion of 3A s ross ll vrieties (0.36), but lso within PF (0.39) nd seedless (0.33) vrieties. 2B s were the seond highest proportion of yield lss ross ll vrieties (0.29), nd within PF (0.26) nd seedless (0.32) vrieties (Tle 2). Conventionl PF uumbers yielded bu/ on verge, while seedless uumbers yielded bu/ on verge. Within the 3A size lss, Expedition nd Gershwin yielded signifintly more thn Puini. Within the 2B size lss, SV135CN, Strvinsky, Gershwin, nd RZ09 yielded signifintly more thn NQ5543, NUN53014, nd Puini. Within the 2A size lss, Logn yielded signifintly more thn NQ5543 nd NUN There were no signifint differenes in yield mong vrieties in the 3B or 4 size lsses (Figure 2). Aknowlegements Speil thnks to Pul Horny, Dennis Fleishmn, Chrlie Buer, nd Chd Buer, who helped immensely with getting the rop in the ground. A more speil thnks to my finée, Citlin Burkmn, for helping hrvest nd mesure uumbers for 14 hours on Fridy.

3 Midwest Vegetle Tril Report for 2014 Figure 1. Performne in bushels/ (Bu/A) of 3As nd 2Bs from six spryed nd unspryed stndrd uumber ultivrs, nd six spryed nd unspryed seedless uumber ultivrs plnted t the Sginw Vlley Reserh nd Extension Center, Frnkenmuth, Mihign. The tril ws plnted t 20-inhes between rows, 5 inhes in-row for stndrds, nd 7 inhes in-row for seedless. Protetive sprys ourred on the estern spry blok with bkpk spryer on July 17 (Brvo nd Mnzte), July 24 (Brvo nd Crio), July 30 (Mnzte nd Previur Flex), nd August 6 (Brvo nd Previur Flex). The tnk mixes fetured rtes of Brvo t 32oz/, Mnzte t 3lb/, Crio t 16 oz/, nd Previur Flex t 0.8oz/. Seedless uumbers were hrvested t 49 dys nd stndrds were hrvested 51 dys fter plnting.

4 Midwest Vegetle Tril Report for " Propor*ons%of%Yields,%by%Size%nd%Vriety% 550" 500" Bu/A% 450" 400" 350" 300" 250" 200" 150" 100" 50" 0" Gershwin" b Expedi4on" Journey" Logn" RZ09" SV7135CN" b NUN53009" b CC7140" Strvinsky" NQ5543" NUN53014" b b Puini" 2A" 2B" 3A" 3B" 4" Figure 2. Performne in bushels/ (Bu/A) of from 12 spryed uumber ultivrs plnted t the Sginw Vlley Reserh nd Extension Center, Frnkenmuth, Mihign, nd the proportion of sizes 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, nd 4. Mthing letters within similrly olored setions of brs indite no signifint differenes. The tril ws plnted t 20-inhes between rows, 5 inhes in-row for stndrds, nd 7 inhes in-row for seedless. Protetive sprys ourred on the estern spry blok with bkpk spryer on July 17 (Brvo nd Mnzte), July 24 (Brvo nd Crio), July 30 (Mnzte nd Previur Flex), nd August 6 (Brvo nd Previur Flex). The tnk mixes fetured rtes of Brvo t 32oz/, Mnzte t 3lb/, Crio t 16 oz/, nd Previur Flex t 0.8oz/. Seedless uumbers were hrvested t 49 dys nd stndrds were hrvested 51 dys fter plnting.

5 Midwest Vegetle Tril Report for 2014 Tle 1. Performne in bushels/ (Bu/A) of 12 spryed uumber ultivrs plnted t the Sginw Vlley Reserh nd Extension Center, Frnkenmuth, Mihign, nd the proportion of sizes 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, nd 4. The tril ws plnted t 20-inhes between rows, 5 inhes in-row for stndrds, nd 7 inhes in-row for seedless. Protetive sprys ourred on the estern spry blok with bkpk spryer on July 17 (Brvo nd Mnzte), July 24 (Brvo nd Crio), July 30 (Mnzte nd Previur Flex), nd August 6 (Brvo nd Previur Flex). The tnk mixes fetured rtes of Brvo t 32oz/, Mnzte t 3lb/, Crio t 16 oz/, nd Previur Flex t 0.8oz/. Seedless uumbers were hrvested t 49 dys nd stndrds were hrvested 51 dys fter plnting. Vriety Co. 1 Type 2 Fruit/ Bushels/Are 3 Proportions of Yield Plnt 3 Plnts/A Totl 4 3B 3A 2B 2A 4 3B 3A 2B 2A Gershwin RZ Prth , Logn NU PF , Journey SM PF , Expedition SM PF , RZ09 RZ Prth , SV7135CN SM PF , NUN53009 NU PF , CC7140 SM PF , NQ5543 NU Prth , Strvinsky RZ Prth , NUN53014 NU Prth , Puini RZ Prth , Seed ompnies: SM=Seminis, NU=Nunhems, RZ=Rijk Zwn. 2 Type of fruit set: stndrd predominntly femle (PF), or seedless prthenorphi (Prth). 3 Totl bushels/re inludes ulls, but exludes 1 s.

6 Midwest Vegetle Tril Report for 2014 Tle 2. Length nd dimeter (L:D) rtios nd ull perentges of sizes 2A, 2B, 3A, nd 3B from 12 spryed uumber ultivrs plnted t the Sginw Vlley Reserh nd Extension Center, Frnkenmuth, Mihign. The tril ws plnted t 20-inhes between rows, 5 inhes in-row for stndrds, nd 7 inhes in-row for seedless. Protetive sprys ourred on the estern spry blok with bkpk spryer on July 17 (Brvo nd Mnzte), July 24 (Brvo nd Crio), July 30 (Mnzte nd Previur Flex), nd August 6 (Brvo nd Previur Flex). The tnk mixes fetured rtes of Brvo t 32oz/, Mnzte t 3lb/, Crio t 16 oz/, nd Previur Flex t 0.8oz/. Seedless uumbers were hrvested t 49 dys nd stndrds were hrvested 51 dys fter plnting. Vriety Co. 1 Type 2 L:D rtios Cull% 3B 3A 2B 2A 3B 3A 2B 2A Totl Gershwin RZ Prth Logn NU PF Journey SM PF Expedition SM PF RZ09 RZ Prth SV7135CN SM PF NUN53009 NU PF CC7140 SM PF NQ5543 NU Prth Strvinsky RZ Prth NUN53014 NU Prth Puini RZ Prth Seed ompnies: SM=Seminis, NU=Nunhems, RZ=Rijk Zwn. 2 Type of fruit set: stndrd predominntly femle (PF), or seedless prthenorphi (Prth).