E. Askari Asli-Ardeh and Y. Abbaspour-Gilandeh Department of Agricultural Machinery, College of Agriculture,

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1 Amerin Journl of Agriulturl n Biologil Sienes 3 (): 99-7, ISSN Siene Pulitions Investigtion of the Effetive Ftors on Threshing loss, Dmge Grins Perent n Mteril Other thn Grin to Grin Rtio on n Auto He Fee Threshing Unit E. Askri Asli-Areh n Y. Aspour-Gilneh Deprtment of Agriulturl Mhinery, College of Agriulture, University of Mohghegh Arili, Aril, Irn Astrt: Prolem Sttement: Regring to onsierle proution of rie rop in Irn, stuy n investigtion out optimiztion of ifferent stges of this prout proessing seems neessry. The threshing of rie is proess whih must e omplishe esirility. Approh: In this stuy, the effetive ftors effets on threshing loss, mge grin perent n Mteril Other thn Grin (MOG) to grin rtio, were investigte on he fee threshing unit. Inepenent vriles were inlue spee rum in five levels, vriety in two levels n moisture ontent of rop in two levels. Experiments were rrnge s split-split plot fitte into rnomize omplete lok with four replitions. Results: Results showe moisture ontent of rop, vriety n spee rum ftors h signifint effets on threshing loss, mge grins perent n MOG to grin rtio. The mens of threshing loss n mge grins perent were exessive when the tests were oing with ry rop. The most of mens of threshing loss n mge grins perent were llote to Hshemi n Khzr vrieties, respetively. The most of MOG to grin rtio mens otine when the tests were omplishe with Hshemy vriety t wet onition of rop. Conlusions/Reommentions: The optimum of rum spee ws otine rpm. It is etter tht threshing of py hs een onute in wet onition. Inresing of rum spee inrese the MOG to grin rtio signifintly. Key wors: Rie, threshing loss, mge grins, MOG to grin rtio, threshing unit INTRODUCTION In worl foo proution, the rie is the seon most importnt rop fter whet. The re of rie plnting hs een estimte t out 1 h in Irn. So pplition of eh metho to reue threshing n mge grins perent is very essentil, espeilly when frequent rins hppen t hrvesting time. For the present, the py is threshe y mnul threshers in Irn. These mhines hve low pity n lso they re not le to thresh wet py in high pity. Furthermore, these mhines require strong n professionl person to fee the py into threshing unit. Reently, n xil flow thresher type is onstrute y lolly workshops in some regions of Giln provine in Irn. These threshers hven t pility to thresh the new n wet hrveste py with long stlks. To emit these prolems, n uto- hee fee threshing unit ws esigne n frite in Trit Moress University, Tehrn, Irn (Fig. 1). At this stuy, the effets of epene ftors inluing rum spee in five levels, rop moisture ontent in two levels n rie vriety in two levels were investigte on threshing loss n mge grins perent. Fig. 1: A view of experimentl py threshing unit It shoul e mentione, this type of thresher hs not investigte more y the reserhers in Irn. See et l. [1] ws evlute hol-on py thresher importe from Kore to Pkistn ountry. The t nlysis in their experiments showe tht the highest output of 37 kg h 1 with the effiieny of 99.% ws otine t rum spee of rpm (17.3 ms 1 ) n fee rte of 13 kg h 1. Suzuki [1] uring the evlution of Corresponing Author: Yousef Aspour-Gilneh, Deprtment of Agriulturl Mhinery, College of Agriulture, University of Mohghegh Arili, Aril, Irn 99

2 Am. J. Agri. & Biol. Si., 3 (): 99-7, he fee omines reporte tht the mge grin perent is less thn.% with py grin moisture ontent of % (w..) n rum spee of 1.3 m se 1[. Ezki [] evlute he fee omine n reporte tht the mge grin inreses intensively when the rum spee inreses to the over of 1 m se 1. The mentione n the other reserhes were omplishe oring to rop onitions suh s rie vriety n moisture ontent [7,,9]. Therefore it ws neessry tht the new threshing unit to e evlute for the py onitions in the northern provines of Irn. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hol-on py thresher whih ws use in this stuy hs een showe in Fig. 1. This mhine hs two min prts, inluing threshing unit n feeing unit. It is powere through 7. hp Mitsuishi iesel engine. Power from the engine to the threshing rum is trnsmitte y pulleys n V-shpe elt. For trnsmiting the power to sproket of the feeing unit, spirl gerox is use t the en of threshing rum shft. Also, shft is fitte etween output of gerox n the sproket. This gerox ereses the rottory spee of rum shft. At the eginning of the experiment, rop ns were put on fee try n then were fe horizontlly into the riven fee hin. Then py stlks stn etween retentive ril n hin while the strw psses etween rum n onve n onsequently grins seprte form pnile n the rop re threshe. The grins whih psse from the onve were ollete y inline plte n poure vi hute into ox. The istne etween two sprokets ws selete s the rop ws the y feeing unit n then ws trnsporte out of the threshing unit fter threshing. The threshing of pniles tke ple ompletely etween the wire loops of rum n r plte of onve. Two rie vrieties (Hshemi n Khzr) whih were ommonly trnsplnte in the Giln provine of Irn were use in this stuy. These vrieties were use t two moisture onition i.e., wet n ry. Grin n stlks Moisture ontent were mesure oring to ASAE stnr (ASAE, 3) []. The moisture ontent of grin n stlk ws presente in Tle 1. The wet onition of experimentl vrieties is similr to the new hrveste py moisture ontent onition. The ry onition is stte tht the py expose to sun t urtion one y. At the initil test of the thresher, mge n unthreshe grins were not onsierle with the rum spee of rpm n hin spee of 3. m se 1[]. Consequently for stuing the effets of rum spee n rop moisture ontent on the threshing loss n mge grin perent, it hs een eie to use the rum spee, lower n higher thn rpm. In the experiment, rum spee levels were selete,, n 1 rpm. To proue these spees, gerox ws ethe from the en of rum shft. An eletromotor with ifferent imeters of pulleys n V- shpe elt use to rotte the sproket of riven shft in feeing unit (Fig. ). As shown in Fig., over is opene n elements of threshing n feeing prts oul e seen well. The mnner of feeing hs een showe in Fig.. Tle 1: Moisture ontent of grin n stlks of experimentl vrieties (%w..) onition onition (Expose to (new hrveste) sun t urtion one y) Hshemi Khzr Hshemi Khzr Grin Stlk Grin Stlk Grin Stlk Grin Stlk Fig. : (): A view of threshing unit s threshing n feeing prts powere seprtely y iesel engine n eletromotor (): The mhine in feeing position 7

3 Am. J. Agri. & Biol. Si., 3 (): 99-7, Inepenent vriles were inlue spee rum in five levels, vriety in two levels n moisture ontent of rop in two levels. Experiments were rrnge s split-split plot fitte into rnomize omplete lok with four replitions. To ompre of the mens, Dunn's Multiple Rnge Test ws use. RESULTS The result of the nlysis of vrine of the epenent vriles hs een showe in Tle. Threshing loss: The results showe tht the effets of inepenent vriles (rop moisture ontent, vriety n rum spee) n their intertions were signifint on the threshing loss (Fig. 3). The omprison of the min effets mens revele tht rying of rop signifintly inrese the threshing loss from %. The results of the omprison of mens hs en showe in Tle 3. The threshing loss mens of the Hshemi vriety ws higher thn the Khzr vriety. The mens vlues hve ifferent signifintly t proility level of %. With inresing of rum spee, threshing loss mens from to rpm ws erese signifintly t proility level of %. It ws rehe to zero t rpm. In generl, uring the tests with Hshemi vriety, the ry onition of rop use the threshing loss men inrese signifintly from % ut uring the tests with Khzr verity, the threshing loss hs erese signifintly from.1-1.%. The results of mens intertions of the moisture ontent onition of rop n rum spee revele tht threshing loss of only two levels of rum spee nmely n rpm men ws onsierle. At the other levels of rum spee, threshing loss ws negligile. At the tests with wet onition of rop, with inresing of rum spee from - rpm, the men of threshing loss erese from %. Aout the tests with eh of two vrieties, inresing of rum spee erese threshing loss signifintly t %. Dmge grin perent: In generl, rying of rop use tht the mge grins perent inrese signifintly from 1.9-.% (Fig. ). To inrese rum spee from - rpm, the men of mge grins perent ws equl to zero. But higher rum spee inrese signifintly mge grins perent from.9% t rpm to.17% t 1 rpm. To inrese rum spee from - rpm, the men of mge grins perent ws equl to zero. But higher rum spee inrese signifintly mge grins perent from.9% t rpm to.17% t 1 rpm. Tle : Anlysis of vrine of threshing loss, mge grins perent n MOG to grin rtio Degree Threshing loss Dmge grins perent Rtio MOG/grins Soure of of vrition freeom Men squre F Rtio Men squre F Rtio Men squre F Rtio Bloks ns..91 ns.7. ns Moisture(M) ** * * Error Vriety(V) ** * ** (M V) ** 1..9 ns ** Error Drum spee(n) ** ** ** (M N).9.31 ** 3.. **.1 1. ns (N V) **..99 ** ** (M V N ) ** ns ** Error ns : No signifint, * : Signifint t the proility level of %, ** : Signifint t the proility level of 1% Tle 3: Results of the omprison of the min effets mens (on the epenent vrile) The onitions of rop moisture Vriety Drum spee (rpm) Threshing loss Hshemy Khzr Dmge grins perent MOG to grin rtio e Note: Unsimilr letters shows signifintly ifferent t proility level of % 71

4 Am. J. Agri. & Biol. Si., 3 (): 99-7, Threshing loss (%) Threshing loss (%) Threshing loss (%) Hshemi Vrieties for tests () Khzr Drum spee (rpm) () Hshemi Khzr Vrieties for tests () WET rpm rpm Fig. 3: The omprison of the intertion of the mens on the threshing loss The omprison results of mens intertions effets on mge grins perent showe in Fig.. At tests with Khzr vriety, mge grins perent inrese signifintly. Thus, erese in grin moisture ontent in Khzr vriety use the strength of grins erese ginst of impt fore (Fig. ). At eh two moisture ontent onition of rop (wet n ry), with inresing of rum spee, mge grins perent inrese signifintly (Fig. ). Also t the tests with eh two vrieties, the men of mge grin perent ws inrese signifintly. MOG to grin rtio: The omprison of min mens of inepenent vriles on MOG to grin rtio hs een showe in Tle 3. The vlues of the effets of rop onitions were ifferent signifintly t proility level of %. Therefore rying rop hs me the strength of MOG on stlks erese. At the tests with eh two rop moisture ontent onitions, with inresing rum spee from rpm, MOG to grin rtio inrese signifintly (Fig. ). Also MOG to grin rtio mens were inrese signifintly with inresing rum spee from rpm t the test whih relte to eh two vrieties in the experiment (Fig. ). DISCUSSION Threshing loss: The finings in Fig. 3 re similr to the results of [,, 1, 11, 1]. Also inresing in threshing loss euse of rying of rop my e ue to inrese of ethment fore of grin from pnile. In generl, the threshing loss mens in the ry onition of rop is more thn the wet onition. It is my e ue to inresing of threshing fore n or the frition etween py n rum elements. The erese in threshing loss ws ue to higher impt to the pniles uring threshing proess t higher rum spee. Optimum rum spee ws resulte rpm. Beuse the mge grins perent hs een equl to zero t this level of rum spee [1,, 3]. It shoul e mentione tht the ifferenes in physil properties of vrieties use tht uring the tests with Hshemi vriety the threshing loss men inrese signifintly t the ry onition of rop ut uring the tests with Khzr verity, the threshing loss erese signifintly. 7

5 Am. J. Agri. & Biol. Si., 3 (): 99-7,. 1 1 Dmge grins (%) Dmge grins(%) Dmge grins (%) Hshemi Khzr Vrieties for teste () rpm 1 rpm Conitions of rop moisture () rpm 1 rpm Hshemi Khzr Vrieties for test () MOG/G rtio (%) MOG/G rtio (%) MOG/G g rtio (%) Hshemi Khzr Vrieties for tests () ef fg g e fg Conitions of rop moisture () rpm rpm rpm rpm 1 rpm g ef f Hshemi e ef Vrieties for tests () rpm rpm rpm rpm 1 rpm Khzr Fig. : The omprison of mens intertions effets on mge grins perent 73 Fig. : The omprison of mens intertions of epenent vrile on MOG to grin rtio

6 Am. J. Agri. & Biol. Si., 3 (): 99-7, Dmge grin perent: The finings in Fig. re similr to the results of [1]. Also Comprison of mens intertions of vriety n rop onitions (wet n ry) revele tht with rying Hshemy vriety, mge grins perent hs not vrie signifintly. The men of mge grins perent of Hshemy vriety ws lower thn Khzr vriety t proplility level of %. Consequently, strength of Hshemy vriety ginst of impt fore of tresher teeth is higher thn Khzr vriety. MOG to grin rtio: The effets men of Khzr vriety ws signifintly higher thn Hshemi vriety. Thus lening effiieny of the Hshemy vriety erese t wet onition. With inresing of rum spee, MOG/G rtio ws signifintly inrese. Beuse the ompt fore on stlks is inrese with inresing rum spee. During the tests with Hshemi vriety, MOG to grin rtio ws lower in wet onition of the rop thn rie rop. But t the tests with Khzr vriety, MOG to grin rtio ws not ifferent t eh two rop moisture ontent onition (Fig. ). This ifferent of intertion ws ue to vrition of mehnil n physil properties in two vrieties. CONCLUSION Overll these results of otine from the stuy whih hs een summrize s follows: At ll tests, the stlks flow xilly through the rum without logging etween rum n onve n lso in hin onveyor n ril The effets of rop moisture ontent onition, vriety n rum spee were signifint on threshing loss In generl, men of threshing loss in Hshemi vriety ws higher thn Khzr vriety In generl, men of threshing loss t ry onition of rop ws higher thn wet onition of rop Optimum spee of rum ws rpm euse threshing loss n mge grins perent were equl to zero t this level of rum spee The min effets of rop moisture ontent onitions, vriety (t proility level of %), rum spee (t proility level of 1%) n oule intertions (t proility level of 1%) were signifint on the mge grins perent Dmge grins perent t wet moisture ontent onition of rop ws lower thn t ry moisture ontent onition of rop. Thus, it is etter tht threshing of py hs een onute in onition of wet i.e. when it hs een hrveste newly The mens of mge grins perent with Khzr vriety ws higher thn Hshemi vriety The min effets of rop moisture ontent onitions (t proility level of %), vriety n rum spee n their intertions (t proility level of %), rum spee n intertions (t proility level 1%) were signifint on the MOG/Rtio MOG to grin rtio with Khzr vriety is higher thn Hshemi vriety t proility level of % In generl, MOG to grin rtio t tests with ry rop ws higher thn wet rop Inresing of rum spee inrese the MOG to grin rtio signifintly REFERENCES 1. Anrews, S.B., T.J. Sieenmorgen, E.D. Vories, D.H. Loewer n A. Muromoustkos, Effets of omine operting prmeters on hrvest loss n qulity in rie. Trns. ASAE., 3: Moele=ffiheN&psit= Arullo, EV, B. DE P n M. Grhm, 197. Rie Post-Hrvesting Tehnology. 1st E. Interntionl Development Reserh Center, Ottw, pp: Arnol, R.E. n J.R. Lke, 19. Diret, iniret n oule threshing in herge see proution: I: S. Timothy. J. Agri. Eng. Res., 1: -11. oi:1.11/1-3()911-. ASAE Stnrs. 3. ASAE S3.: Moisture Mesurement-Ungroun Grin n Sees. St. Joseph, MI 9-99, USA. 1.pf. Dtt, P. n S.J.K. Annmli, Design n evelopment of stright through peg tooth type thresher for py. Agri. Mehniz. Asi Afr. Ltin Am., : Ezki, H., 193. Threshing performne of Jpnese type omine. Jp. Agri. Res., 7: / pf 7

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