Effect of heat stress on blood parameter, carcass and meat quality of Black Bengal goat

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1 Effet of het stress on lood prmeter, rss nd met qulity of Blk Bengl got MA Hshem* 1, MM Hossin 1, MS Rn 2, MM Hossin 1, MS Islm 3, NG Sh 4 1 Deprtment of Animl Siene, Bngldesh Agriulturl University, Mymensingh 2202, Bngldesh; 2 Bngldesh Livestok Reserh Institute, Svr, Dhk; 3 Agrotehnology Disipline, Khuln University, Khuln; 4 Deprtment of Animl Siene nd Nutrition, Ptukhli Siene nd Tehnology University, Khnpur, Bugonj, Brisl, Bngldesh Astrt The reserh ws onduted to study the effet of het stress on lood prmeter, rss hrteristis nd met qulity of the Blk Bengl got. Nine gots were rndomly nd eqully divided into three groups hving lmost sme ge nd weight. Three groups were divided s zero hour (T 0 ), four hours (T 4 ) nd eight hours (T 8 ) of het exposure. The T 0 group were not exposed to het stress, the T 4 nd T 8 group were exposed to het y keeping them t outside for 4 (four) hours nd 8 (eight) hours from 9.00 AM to 1.00 PM nd from 9.00 AM to 5.00 PM, respetively. Temperture humidity index (THI) ws lulted s inditing ll the experimentl nimls were in extreme severe het stress. The lood prmeter suh s RBC, PCV%, H%, WBC ws signifintly (p<0.01) higher in T 8 group thn those of T 4 nd T 0 groups. There ws lso signifint (p<0.05) effet of het stress on ph of the met from different groups of the Blk Bengl gots. By-produts e.g., lood, pluk, spleen nd kidney, nd ooking loss were signifintly (p<0.01) inresed with the inrese of the het, ut no signifint differenes were oserved for pre-slughter prmeters, rss weight, drip loss, dressing perentge, nd proximte omposition of the got met for DM, CP nd Ash, while the EE signifintly (p<0.05) differed mong the het treted groups. Het stress signifintly ffeted the lood prmeter, ooking loss, ph, y-produt of gots rther thn non het stressed group. It indites tht het stress limits the qulittive nd quntittive prodution hrteristis of got met. Key words: Blood prmeter, got rss, het stress, met y-produt Bngldesh Animl Husndry Assoition. All rights reserved. Bng. J. Anim. Si (1): Introdution Gots ply n importnt role in the susistene eonomy of smllholder nd provide 1.31 million MT of met to the people of Bngldesh (FAO, 2009). Got is found in lmost ll the villges, nd plys n importnt role in nutrition, inome genertion nd employment for the rurl people of Bngldesh. High environmentl temperture hllenges the niml's ility to mintin energy, therml, wter, hormonl nd minerl lne. Het stress stimultes exessive prodution of free rdils (superoxide nion rdils, hydroxyl rdil, hydrogen peroxide nd singlet oxygen) whih re ontinuously produed in the ourse of norml eroi metolism (Bernuhi et l. 2001) nd these free rdils n in turn dmge helthy ells if they re not eliminted. Exposure of nimls to het stress tivtes the hypothlmopituitry-drenl xis (Aily et l. 1975) nd estimtion of onentrtions of hormones suh s thyroxin, ortisol, nd proltin ould e one of the importnt inditors for ssessment of stress in nimls. High mient temperture nd humidity re the mjor onstrint on sheep produtivity in tropil nd su-tropil res (Mri et l. 2007). Inresed ody temperture nd respirtion rte re the most importnt signs for het stress in got. These inlude the errtion of reprodutive funtions (Roth et l. 2002), oxidtive stress nd enzymti dysfuntion (Dvid et l. 2001), eletrolyte imlnes (West et l. 1991), redued met qulity (Kdim et l. 2004), nd severe eonomi losses resulting from inresed mortlities nd deresed overll niml performne (Hhn nd Mder 1997). Norml ody temperture is essentil for physiologil djustment nd to prevent hyperthermi (Al- Hidry 2000; Lowe et l. 2001). Animl under het stress my fil to djust themselves resulting lower niml produtivity nd tremendous eonomi loss for the got industry. There is lk of informtion relted to the effet of het stress on the lood prmeter, rss hrteristis nd met qulity of got in Bngldesh. Therefore, the present study ws onduted to investigte the effet of het stress on lood prmeters, rss hrteristis nd met qulity of the Blk Bengl got. * Corresponding Author: hshem_mdul@yhoo.om 57

2 Hshem et l. (2013) Bng. J. Anim. Si. 42 (1): Mterils nd Methods The experiment ws onduted from April to July, 2011 t the Got, Sheep nd Horse frm of Bngldesh Agriulturl University, Mymensingh. Nine Blk Bengl femle gots were rndomly seleted for the experiments, nd eqully divided into three groups lmost hving similr ge nd weight. Mens of estimting the severity of het stress ws proposed using oth mient temperture nd reltive humidity, termed s the temperture humidity index (THI) (LPHSI, 1990; Mri et l. (2007). When temperture is mesured ( 0 F), the eqution to determine THI is s follows (LPHSI, 1990): THI = d 0 F {( RH) (d 0 F 58)} where d 0 F is the dry ul temperture in 0 F nd RH is the reltive humidity (RH%)/100, for sheep nd gots. The otined vlues indite the following: vlues <82 = sene of het stress; 82 to <84 = moderte het stress; 84 to <86 = severe het stress nd over 86 = extreme severe het stress (LPHSI 1990). When the temperture is expressed in 0 C, the eqution of Mri et l. (2001) hnges s follows: THI = d 0 C {( RH) (d 0 C 14.4)} where d 0 C is the dry ul temperture ( 0 C) nd RH is the reltive humidity (RH%)/100. The vlues otined indite the following: <22.2 = sene of het stress; 22.2 to <23.3 = moderte het stress: 23.3 to <25.6 = severe het stress nd 25.6 nd more = extreme severe het stress (Mri et l., 2001). In the present study during experimentl period verge temperture ws C nd verge reltive humidity ws 87.83%. Hene, THI vlue ws whih indite ll the experimentl nimls were in severe het stress (Mri et l. 2007). These were mde s 0 hour het exposure group or ontrol group (without het exposure in stll feeding), 4 hours het exposure group (09 m to 01 pm het exposure in grzing) nd 8 hours het exposure group (9.00 m to 05 pm het exposure in grzing). Tht is these groups were s zero hour (T0), four hours (T 4 ) nd eight hours (T 8 ) of het exposure. Gots of these groups were kept in the room seprted with fene nd were given two months for their psyhologil nd physiologil djustment. The nimls in eh group ws supplied n dequte mount of roughge nd onentrte long with d liitum len drinking wter dily. The initil ody weight for eh niml ws reorded nd then weighing ws rried out y using weigh nd for every week t the sme time efore morning feeding. The dt of Amient Temperture nd Reltive Humidity for the experimentl dys were olleted from Meteorologil Centre, Bngldesh Agriulturl University, Mymensingh. Twenty (20) g of met smple ws tken for the hemil nlyses (proximte omposition), nd 5, 60 nd 60 g were lso tken for the determintion of ph, drip loss nd ooking loss, respetively. All these smples were olleted from the sme region of eh slughtered got, nd then weighed nd pked seprtely. Proximte ompositions suh s dry mtter, rude protein, ether extrt nd sh were estimted using the method y AOAC, Dressing perentge nd eye musle re (EMA) were lso estimted. The ph ws mesured using y ph meter (Corning model 250). Drip loss nd ooking loss ws mesured using the priniple of Honikel (1998). Blood ws olleted from jugulr vein of the nimls y the method desried y Shlm et l. (1975). Dt were nlyzed sttistilly using the nlysis of vrine tehnique using SAS sttistil omputer pkge progrm (1998) in ordne with the priniple of Completely Rndomized Design (CRD). Dunn s Multiple Rnge Test ws done to ompre vritions etween tretments. Results nd Disussion Effet of het stress on lood prmeter Tle 1 shows tht the lood prmeters the RBC nd WBC were 9.38±0.59 nd 8.06± 0.26, 9.85±0.45 nd 8.59±0.65, nd 10.18±0.50 nd 9.0±0.30 for T 0, T 4 nd T 8, respetively. PCV% nd H% were 27.65±0.56 nd 8.7±0.33, 28.06± 0.85 nd 9.08±0.54, nd 29.10±1.50 nd 10.0±0.45 for T 0, T 4 nd T 8, respetively. The mount of RBC, PCV%, H%, WBC ws signifintly higher (p<0.01) in T8 group thn those of T 4 nd T 0 group, respetively (Tle 1). T 4 group were signifintly higher (p<0.01) thn tht of T 0 group. In the present study, oth PCV nd hemogloin (H) were inresed in the T 4 nd T 8 whih ws not in greement with the findings of Srikndkumr et l. (2003) in sheep nd Adel-Smee (1991) in gots. These inrese of hemogloin nd PCV levels might e due to either inresed of free rdils on the RBC memrne, whih is rih in lipid ontent, nd ultimte lysis of RBC or dequte nutrient vilility for hemogloin synthesis s the niml onsumed more feed or derese voluntry intke under het stress (Srikndkumr et l. 2003). 58

3 Het stress on lood prmeter, rss nd met qulity of got Tle 1. Effet of het stress on lood prmeter (Men±SD) Prmeter T T RBC (million/ ui mm) ±0.59 ±0.45 WBC (Thousnd/ ui mm) ±0.26 ±0. 65 PCV% ±0.56 ±0.85 H (g/perent) ±0.33 ± T ± ± ± ±0.45 Mens with different supersript in the sme rw differ signifintly (p<0.01), T 0, zero hour of het exposure, T 4, four hours of het exposure; T 8, eight hours het exposure Pre-slughter nd rss prmeters of got Tle 2 represents the pre-slughter prmeter of the Blk Bengl got. Initil nd slughter weight ws 12.3±0.60 nd 12.5±0.57, 12.33± 0.33 nd 12.83±0.33, nd 12.66±0.88 nd 13.0±0.57 kg for T 0, T 4 nd T 8, respetively. Likewise, the ody length nd hert girth ws 47.66±1.20 nd 51.00± 0.57, 48.33± 0.88 nd 52.33±0.33, nd 48.66± 1.85 nd 53.33±1.76 m for T 0, T 4 nd T 8, respetively. No signifint differenes were oserved for ody weight, length nd hert girth mong the tretment groups. These findings were onsistent with the vlues desried y Hussin (1993). The men ody weight ws slightly higher thn tht of the findings of Singh et l. (1981). Tle 2 shows tht the rss weight were 4.77 ±0.14, 5.50±0.28 nd 5.66±0.44 kg with dressing perentge of 40.28±10.86, 42.81± 1.41 nd 40.85±0.63 for T 0, T 4 nd T 8, respetively. Ri eye re ws 9.25±0.337, ±0.81 nd 11.33±1.84 m 2 for T 0, T 4 nd T 8, respetively. There were no signifint differenes mong the rss weight, dressing perentge nd ri eye re. Tle 2 demonstrtes the ph, drip loss nd ooking loss of met. The ph of met ws 6.16± 0.014, 6.18± nd 6.30± for T 0, T 4 nd T 8, respetively. Perentge of drip loss nd ooking loss were 12.38± 0.48 nd 35.77± 0.79, 11.89± 1.05 nd 41.41± 0.55, nd 13.61± 0.64 nd 42.89± 0.35 for T 0, T 4 nd T 8, respetively. The signifint (p<0.05) differene ws oserved for het stress on ph within the different groups of gots. Similrly, the ooking loss demonstrted highly signifint (p<0.01) effet, ut drip loss hd no signifint vrition mongst the experimentl groups. Tle 2. Effet of het stress on pre-slughter nd rss prmeters (Men±SD) of got Sig. Prmeter T 0 T 4 T 8 Level Initil weight (kg) ±0.60 ±0.33 ±0.88 Slughter weight (kg) ±0.57 ±0.33 ±0.57 Body length (m) ±1.20 ±0.88 ±1.85 Hert girth (m) ± 0.57 ± 0.33 ±1.76 Crss weight (Kg) ±0.14 ± 0.28 ±0.44 Dressing % ±10.86 ± 1.41 ±0.63 Ri Eye Are (m 2 ) ±0.337 ± 0.81 ±1.84 H p ±0.014 ± ±0.045 * Drip Loss ±0.48 ± 1.05 ±0.64 Cooking loss ±0.79 ± 0.55 ±0.35 Mens with different supersript in the sme rw differ signifintly;, p<0.01; *, p<0.05;, non signifint, T 0, zero hour of het exposure, T 4, four hours of het exposure; T 8, eight hours het exposure Tle 3. Effet of het stress on y-produts prmeter (Men±SD) of got met Vriles (g) Blood Hed Feet Pluk Hert Spleen Liver Kidney Lung plus Trhe T 0 T 4 T 8 Sig. Level ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±18.55 * Mens with different supersript in the sme rw differ signifintly;, p<0.01; *, p<0.05;, non signifint, T 0, zero hour of het exposure, T 4, four hours of het exposure; T 8, eight hours het exposure 59

4 Hshem et l. (2013) Bng. J. Anim. Si. 42 (1): By-produts prmeter of got met The results of y-produts s lood, hed, feet, pluk, hert, spleen, liver, kidney nd lung plus trhe for T 0, T 4 nd T 8 groups re showed in Tle 3. The lood, pluk, spleen nd kidney hd highly signifint (p<0.01) differene mong different groups. Blood, pluk, spleen nd kidney were mrkedly inresed in T 8 group thn those of T 0 nd T 4 groups. Moniruzzmn et l. (2000) showed little it higher weight of lood thn tht of our findings. Proximte omponent of got met The proximte omponents e.g. dry mtter (DM), rude protein (CP), sh nd ether extrt (EE) of the Blk Bengl got met for T 0, T 4 nd T 8 groups were summrized in Tle 4. Tle 4. Effet of het stress on proximte omposition (Men±SD) of got met Vrile T 0 T 4 T 8 DM 23.82± ± ±0.39 CP 17.00± ± ±0.72 Ash 2.37± ± ±0.02 EE 2.60 ± ± ±0.44 Mens with different supersript in the sme rw differ signifintly (p<0.01), T 0, zero hour of het exposure, T 4, four hours of het exposure; T 8, eight hours het exposure The DM, CP nd Ash hd no signifint differene while het stress hd signifintly (p<0.05) effet on EE mong the groups. Moniruzzmn et l. (2000) explined tht there ws n effet of different feeding system on the omposition of Blk Bengl got met nd they oserved tht DM perentge of met vried signifintly (p>0.05) for different feeding systems. Similrly, the EE lso signifintly (p<0.01) differed due to different feeding systems of got. Conlusion Het stress signifintly ffets lood prmeters, ooking loss, ph nd y-produts of the Blk Bengl got. Further, in depth study is needed to explore more informtion to minimize the effet of het on lood nd met hrteristis for oth qulittive nd quntittive prodution pprohes of got met. Referenes Adel-Smee AM (1991). Detetion of het dptility of growing lms in sutropis. Zgzig Veterinry Journl, 19: Aily TA, Johnson HD, Mdn M (1975). Influene of environmentl het on peripherl plsm progesterone nd ortisol during the ovine estrous yle. Jornl of Diry Siene. 58: Al-Hidry A (2000). Effet of het stress on some thermoregultory responses of ttle, sheep nd got. Zgzig Veterinry Journl, 28: AOAC (1995). Offiil methods of nlysis, 16th edn. Wshington: Assoition Offiil Anlytil Chemistry. Bernuihi AO, Burgoon PW, Boulnt JA (2001). Temperture-sensitive properties of rt suprhismti nuleus. Amerin Journl of Physiology, 281: R706 R715. Dvid MH, Grry RB, Lrry WO, Linjing X, Ronld DM, Crl VG (2001). Mehnisms of irultory nd intestinl rrier dysfuntion during whole ody hyperthermi. Amerin Journl of Physiology, 280: H509 H521. FAO, (Food nd Agriulture Orgniztion of United Ntions) (2009). Prodution yer ook. FAO Sttistis Series, 57: 211. Hhn GL, Mder TL (1997). Het wves nd their reltion to thermoregultion, feeding ehvior nd mortlity of feedlot ttle. In: Proeedings of the Fifth Interntionl Livestok nd Environment Symposium. Minnepolis, ASAE, St. Joseph, MO. P Honikel KO (1998). Referene methods for the ssessment of physil hrteristis of met. Met Siene, 49: Hussin SS (1993). A study on the produtive performne nd geneti potentils of lk Bengl gots. PhD Disserttion. Deprtment of Animl Breeding nd Genetis. Bngldesh Agriulturl University, Mymensingh. Kdim IT, Mhgou O, Al-Ajmi DS, Al- Mqly RS, Al-Mugheiry SM, Brtolome DY (2004). The influene of seson on qulity hrteristis of hotoned eef m. longissimus thoris. Met Siene, 66: Lowe TE, Christin J, Cook JR, Ingrm, Phillip (2001). Impt of limte on therml rhythm in pstorl sheep. Physiology nd Behvior, 74: LPHSI (1990). Livestok nd Poultry Het Stress Indies Agriulture Engineering Tehnology Guide. Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA. Mri IFM, Ayyt MS, Ad El-Monem UM (2001). 60

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