Wisconsin Vegetable Insect Pest Management Research Summer Field Trials

Transcription

1 Wisconsin Vegetble Insect Pest Mngement Reserch Summer Field Trils 2016 Russell Groves Professor, Entomology Scott Chpmn Resercher, Entomology Ben Brdford Lind Crubugh Emily Duerr University of Wisconsin, Mdison Deprtment of Entomology 1630 Linden Drive Mdison, WI (608)

2 2 Principle Investigtors Russell Groves nd Scott A. Chpmn Additionl Folir PVY Mngement Principle Investigtors Stephnie Plster, Lnglde County Agriculturl Extension Agent Rick Hfner nd Kevin Bul, Senior Field Inspectors, Wisconsin Seed Potto Certifiction Progrm, Antigo, WI Alex Crockford, Jolene Spurgeon, nd Trudy Bul. Wisconsin Seed Certifiction Progrm, Antigo, WI Acknowledgements The following orgniztions nd representtives prtilly supported the reserch summrized in this report: SyngentCropProtection Tim Trower,Tony Burd Nichino Americ Jmes Adms Lb Services Pest Pros Inc Jmes Steffel Rndy Vn Hren, Lind Kotolski AgriPhr Jy Angel Mrrone Bio Tim Johnson Vestron Corpertion Robert Venble Certis USA Brett Highlnd ISK BioSciences Sen Whipple Monsnto Ruohn Liu The following University of Wisconsin fculty nd stff hve contributed time nd expertise to these projects: Pul Bethke, Jed Colquhoun Deprtment of Horticulture Amy Chrkowski nd Amnd Gevens Deprtment of Plnt Pthology Mtthew Rurk Deprtment of Soil Science The following grdute students nd students ssisted with implementing nd evluting the projects this summer: Ben Brdford, Kthryn Prince, Justin Clements, Tbth Dvis, Clire Rebmn, Anthony Rittmeyer nd Nick Sorensen The following people provided lnd nd resources for this reserch: Steve nd Andy Dierks, Colom Frms, Colom, WI John Bobeck, Trembling Pririe Frms Richrd nd Roderick Gumz, Gumz Muck Frms, Endevor, WI Dennis Zeloski, Ron Krueger, Felix Zeloski Frms, Egle River, WI Mike Cops, Willim Wysocki, Russet Potto Exchnge The stff t the following reserch sttions helped mintin the projects nd ssisted in evlution of reserch results: Arlington, Hncock, nd Antigo Agriculturl Reserch Sttions Thnk you

3 3 Tble of Contents Onion 1) Evlution of folir insecticides for the control of onion thrips on dry-bulb onion (Mrkesn, WI)...5 Folir. Onion thrips Pottoes 2) Registered nd experimentl folir insecticides to control Colordo potto beetle nd potto lefhopper on potto (HARS)...9 Folir. Colordo potto beetle, potto lefhopper, phids 3) Folir insecticide tretments for the control of Colordo potto beetle in Wisconsin potto production (AARS)...24 Folir. Colordo potto beetle 4) Folir insecticide tretments to limit the spred of Potto virus Y in Wisconsin seed potto production (Antigo, WI)...33 Folir. Potto virus Y 5) Evlution of systemic insecticides for the control of the Colordo potto beetle, potto lefhopper, nd phids in potto (HARS)...41 Systemic. Colordo potto beetle, potto lefhopper, phids 6) Lrge plot demonstrtion experiments of Colordo potto beetle in Wisconsin pottoes (HARS)...55 Full seson mngement. Colordo potto beetle, potto lefhopper, phids Snp ben 7) Folir insecticide tretments for the control of Europen corn borer in Wisconsin snp ben production (Plover, WI)...70 Folir. Europen corn borer 8) In-furrow tretments for the control of seedcorn mggot in Wisconsin snp ben production (Plover, WI)...72 In-furrow. Seedcorn mggot Pepper 9) Folir insecticide tretments for the control of Europen corn borer in Wisconsin pepper production (AARS)...74 Folir. Europen corn borer

4 4 Cbbge 10) Evlution of t plnt insecticides for the control of cbbge mggot on cbbge (Rndolph, WI)...80 In-furrow. Cbbge mggot Cucurbit 11) Evlution of t plnt insecticides for the control of seedcorn mggot on cucurbits (Cshton, WI)...83 In-furrow. Seedcorn mggot

5 5 Tril 1 Evlution of folir insecticides for the control of onion thrips on drybulb onion (Mrkesn, WI) Purpose The objective of this experiment ws to ssess the efficcy of folir insecticides pplied tthreshold to control immture stges of onion thrips (OT), Thrips tbci, on dry-bulb onion. Mterils nd Methods This experiment ws conducted in cooperting producer s onion field locted ner Mrkesn, WI on muck soil. Onion, Allium cep cv. Focus, ws direct seeded on 19 April, Plnts were spced 2.6 inches prt within rows. Rows were 9.4 inches prt. The sixrow plots were 60 inches wide by 25 ft long on rised formed beds, for totl of cres, nd were seprted by plnted gurd beds of the sme dimensions between plots. All plots were mintined by the grower ccording to stndrd commercil prctices. Four replictes of 7 experimentl tretments nd 1 untreted control were rrnged in rndomized complete block design. Applictions were initited when men immture thrips popultions hd exceeded estblished thresholds of 3 immture thrips/ lef. All folir tretments were pplied on 18 nd 25 July. Tretments were pplied with CO2 bckpck spryer with 6 ft. boom operting t 30 psi delivering 22.1 gp through four flt-fn nozzles (Tee Jet XR8002XR) spced 18 prt while trveling t 3.5 ft / sec. Immture life stges of onion thrips (OT) were ssessed by counting the number of lrve per plnt on 10 rndomly selected plnts in the centrl 2 rows of ech plot. Lrvl counts occurred four times, on 20 nd 29 July (2 nd 11 DAT), fter the first ppliction nd gin on 2 nd 8 August (8 nd 14 DAT) fter the second ppliction. Count dt were Log10 trnsformed prior to dt nlysis using ANOVA nd mens were compred using Tukey s HSD mens seprtion test (P=0.05). Dt re presented in grphs by dte nd summry in Tble 1. No signs of phototoxicity were observed mong tretments.

6 Tril 1: Onion folir (Mrkesn, WI) 6 Tble 1. Men count of immture onion thrips per plnt Trt Product Form Rte 20-Jul (2 DAT) 29-Jul (11 DAT) 2-Aug (8 DAT) 8-Aug (14 DAT) 1 Exirel 100 SE 20.5 fl oz/ b b Exirel 100 SE 13.5 fl oz/ b Movento 2 SC 5 fl oz/ bc b Exp 1 Low b b Exp 1 High b b Agri-Mek 0.7 SC 3.5 fl oz/ b b Rdint 1 SC 10 fl oz/ b Untreted c c P <.0001 < HSD MSO dded t 0.5% v/v b. Mens in columns followed by the sme letter re not significntly different (Tukey's Honest Significnt Difference Test, P = 0.05)

7 Men thrips per plnt Men thrips per plnt Tril 1: Onion folir (Mrkesn, WI) 7 Figure 1 A-D. Men thrips per plnt by tretment/dte A) 20 July, Exirel 20.5 fl oz/ Exirel 13.5 fl oz/ Movento 5 fl oz/ Exp 1 Rte 1 Exp 1 Rte 2 Agri-Mek 3.5 fl oz/ Rdint 10 fl oz/ Untreted Control B) 29 July, c 1 bc b Exirel 20.5 fl oz/ b Exirel 13.5 fl oz/ Movento 5 fl oz/ b Exp 1 Rte 1 b Exp 1 Rte 2 b Agri-Mek 3.5 fl oz/ Rdint 10 fl oz/ Untreted Control

8 Men thrips per plnt Men thrips per plnt Tril 1: Onion folir (Mrkesn, WI) 8 C) 02 Aug, b Exirel 20.5 fl oz/ Exirel 13.5 fl oz/ b Movento 5 fl oz/ b b b b Exp 1 Rte 1 Exp 1 Rte 2 Agri-Mek Rdint Untreted 3.5 fl oz/ 10 fl oz/ Control c D) 08 Aug, Exirel 20.5 fl oz/ Exirel 13.5 fl oz/ Movento 5 fl oz/ Exp 1 Rte 1 Exp 1 Rte 2 Agri-Mek Rdint Untreted 3.5 fl oz/ 10 fl oz/ Control

9 9 Tril 2 Registered nd experimentl folir insecticides to control Colordo potto beetle nd potto lefhopper on potto (HARS) Purpose The objective of this experiment ws to ssess the efficcy of folir insecticides pplied to erly instr lrve of the first genertion of Colordo potto beetle (CPB), Leptinotrs decemlinet, nd potto lefhopper (PLH) dults, Emposc fbe, on potto. Mterils nd Methods This experiment ws conducted t Hncock Agriculturl Reserch Sttion (HARS) locted 1.1 mile (1.8 km) southwest of Hncock, Wisconsin on lomy snd soil in Potto, Solnum tuberosum cv. Yukon Gold, seed pieces were plnted on 21 April. Seed pieces were spced 12 inches prt within rows. Rows were 3 ft prt. Two-row plots were 6 ft wide by 20 ft long, for totl of cres. Two untreted rows seprted plots while 12 ft tilled lleys seprted replictions. All plots were mintined ccording to stndrd commercil prctices conducted by HARS stff. Four replictes of 34 experimentl folir tretments nd 2 untreted controls were rrnged in rndomized complete block design. The folir tretments were pplied twice in succession when 75-90% of the first genertion CPB ws within the first nd second instr lrvl stdi. Wether conditions nd spry dtes were noted (Tble 1 nd 2). The timing of folir pplictions nd insect scouting events re presented in Tble 3. Tretments were pplied with CO2 pressurized bckpck spryer with 6 ft boom operting t 30 psi delivering 20 gp through 4 flt-fn nozzles (Tee Jet XR8002) spced 18 prt while trvelling t 3.5 ft / sec. CPB dults (CPB-A), egg msses (-EM), smll lrve (-SL), lrge lrve (-LL) were ssessed by counting the number of ech life stge on 10 rndomly selected plnts from the center two rows in ech plot. Potto lefhopper (PLH) control efficcy ws ssessed by counting the number of dults (PLH-A) in 20 cnopy sweeps, nd nymphs (-N) on 25 rndomly selected leves from the center two rows of ech plot. Aphid control efficcy ws ssessed using the sme method s for PLH nymphs. Defolition rtings (DF) were determined by visul observtion of the entire plot. CPB count dt summries cn be found in Tble 4 nd ccompnying grphs. Insect nd lrvl counts on severl dtes throughout the summer nd cumultive counts were generted for sttisticl nlysis (Tbles 1-3). Count dt were Log10 trnsformed prior to dt nlysis using ANOVA nd mens were compred using Tukey s HSD mens seprtion test (P=0.05). No signs of phytotoxicity were observed mong tretments.

10 Tril 3: Potto folir (AARS) 10 Tble 1. Spry dtes nd tmospheric conditions Dte Appl Time Wind Dir Wind Speed Temp. RH% Sky 8-Jun 10:00-11:00 N/NW 3 mph (4.8 kph) 71 F (22 C) 57 cloudy 16-Jun 9:30-11:00 N 5-8 mph (8-13 kph) 68 F (20 C) 55 cloudy 23-Jun 9:00-10:30 E 2 mph (3.2 kph) 70 F (21 C) 62 cloudy 6-Jul 9:00-10:00 W 2.5 mph (4.1 kph) 72 F (22 C) 79 cloudy

11 Tril 3: Potto folir (AARS) 11 Tble 2. Spry timing by tretment Trt Product, Rte, App. Freq. Appliction Dtes 8-Jun 16-Jun 23-Jun 6-Jul 1 Untreted 2 Exirel 10.8 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) X X 3 Agri-Mek 2.72 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) X X 4 Exp1-1 + NIS (2 pp.) X X 5 Exp1-2 + NIS (2 pp.) X X 6 Exp1-3 + NIS (2 pp.) X X 7 Besiege 9 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) X X 8 Blckhwk 3.3 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) X X 9 Blckhwk 3.0 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) X X 10 Blckhwk 2.75 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) X X 11 Exp2 + LI-700 (2 pp.) X X 12 Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 pp.) X X 13 Exp2 + Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 pp.) X X 14 Exp2 + Exp3-2 + LI-700 (2 pp.) X X 15 Exp3-5 + LI-700 (2 pp.) X X 16 Exp3-3 + LI-700 (2 pp.) X X 17 Exp3-1 + LI-700 (2 pp.) X X 18 Glditor 19 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) X X 19 Athen 17 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) X X 20 Exp4-2 + NIS (2 pp.) X X 21 Exp4-1 + NIS (2 pp.) X X 22 Exp5-2 (3 pp. 14 dy) X X X 23 Exp6-2 (3 pp. 14 dy) X X X 24 Exp5-1 (3 pp. 14 dy) X X X 25 Exp6-1 (3 pp. 14 dy) X X 26 Exp5-2 (3 pp. 7 dy) X X X 27 Exp6-1 (3 pp. 7 dy) X X X 28 Rimon 9, 8, 7 oz/ (3 pp.) X X X 29 Grndevo 3 lb/ (3 pp.) X X X 30 Venerte 8 qt/ (3 pp.) X X X 31 Untreted 32 Bely 3 oz/ + MSO (2 pp.) X X 33 Entrust 10 oz/ (2 pp.) X X 34 Rdint 8 oz/ (2 pp.) X X 35 Sivnto 14 oz/ (2 pp.) X X 36 Corgen 5 oz/ (2 pp.) X X

12 Tril 3: Potto folir (AARS) 12 Tble 3. Timing of insecticide sprys nd pest scouting events Count type 8-Jun 16-Jun 20-Jun 22-Jun 23-Jun 27-Jun 29-Jun 6-Jul 6-Jul 7-Jul 12-Jul 13-Jul 14-Jul CPB-A X X X X CPB-EM X X X X Insecticide ppliction Insecticide ppliction Insecticide ppliction CPB-SL X X X X CPB-LL X X X X PLH-A X X X PLH-N X X X Aphid X X X Defolition X X X Dys fter lst tretment Insecticide ppliction

13 Tril 3: Potto folir (AARS) 13 Tble 4. Men cumultive counts for ech pest nd life stge. Trt Product / Rte CPB-AD 1 CPB-AD 2 CPB-EM CPB-SL CPB-LL PLHA PLHN Aphid DF 1 Untreted e d-g hi j g 25 ef kl 2 Exirel 10.8 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) 6 c-g 30 b d 5.50 b ij 19.5 ef b 3 Agri-Mek 2.72 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) 2.5 -g 31 -e c-g e hij 25.5 ef b 4 Exp1-1 + NIS (2 pp.) g g e d g-j 22.5 ef d 5 Exp1-2 + NIS (2 pp.) 8.75 fg d d hij ef b 6 Exp1-3 + NIS (2 pp.) g bc f-j c-f Besiege 9 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) 5 b-g 39 -f e-i e-h c-j 2.5 -e Blckhwk 3.3 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) 6.75 c-g bc d d-g g-j f bc 9 Blckhwk 3.0 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) 6.75 d-g g e b-f ij 43 f e 10 Blckhwk 2.75 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) 5.75 c-g e bcdef c-f g-j 23.5 ef Exp2 + LI-700 (2 pp.) g 210 efg i j f l 12 Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 pp.) 0.75 bc c-g i j 2.25 b 8.5 -f kl 13 Exp2 + Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 pp.) g d-g hi ij 3.25 bc f jkl 14 Exp2 + Exp3-2 + LI-700 (2 pp.) f d-g i j d 11 -f jkl 15 Exp3-5 + LI-700 (2 pp.) d-g i ij f jkl 16 Exp3-3 + LI-700 (2 pp.) 1.5 -g efg i ij 3.75 bc 14 -f hij 17 Exp3-1 + LI-700 (2 pp.) g 142 d-g i ij d f jkl 18 Glditor 19 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) 4.5 -g d-g ghi ij e 0.75 bc b-f 19 Athen 17 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) 0.75 bc g f-i hi c-g 20 Exp4-2 + NIS (2 pp.) 0.75 bc d-g hi e-h f f efg 21 Exp4-1 + NIS (2 pp.) 8.5 efg d-g e e-j ef e 22 Exp5-2 (3 pp. 14 dy) 2.5 -g d-g i ij 8.75 b-j ef hij

14 Tril 3: Potto folir (AARS) 14 Trt Product / Rte CPB-AD 1 CPB-AD 2 CPB-EM CPB-SL CPB-LL PLHA PLHN Aphid DF 23 Exp6-2 (3 pp. 14 dy) 1.5 -f d-g ghi ij b-j 26 ef fgh 24 Exp5-1 (3 pp. 14 dy) 0.75 b d-g hi ij i 27.5 def jkl 25 Exp6-1 (3 pp. 14 dy) 1.5 -f d-g i ij g 24.5 def jkl 26 Exp5-2 (3 pp. 7 dy) f d-g ghi ij 9.50 b-j 32 ef ghi 27 Exp6-1 (3 pp. 7 dy) 1 -e d-g i ij f 33.5 ef ijk 28 Rimon 9, 8, 7 oz/ (3 pp.) 3 -g 198 efg ghi ghi e-j 60 f efg 29 Grndevo 3 lb/ (3 pp.) f b-g hi j d b-f kl 30 Venerte 8 qt/ (3 pp.) d b-g 6:00 AM hi ij h ef jkl 31 Untreted g b-g hi ij i 23.5 ef l 32 Bely 3 oz/ + MSO (2 pp.) g fg e fgh c-j 2 -d d-g 33 Entrust 10 oz/ (2 pp.) 3 -g d-g bc d-j 18.5 ef c-g 34 Rdint 8 oz/ (2 pp.) 7 d-g b-g b def g-j 41.5 ef c-g 35 Sivnto 14 oz/ (2 pp.) 5.75 c-g d-g ghi ij i 0.5 b ghi 36 Corgen 5 oz/ (2 pp.) g efg d-h c-f j 31.5 ef e P < < < < < < < HSD NIS 100L dded t 0.1%v/v, MSO dded t %v/v b. Mens in column followed by the sme letter re not significntly different (Tukey s HSD Test, α=0.05). Mens trnsformed (squre root X +1) prior to seprtion c. Defolition scored s follows: 1: 0-2%; 2: 2-5%; 3: 5-10%; 4: >10%

15 Tril 3: Potto folir (AARS) 15 Fig. 1. Cumultive 1 st genertion CPB dults 20-Jun 27-Jun Exp3-5 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Athen 17 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp4-2 + NIS (2 pp.) Exp5-1 (3 pp. 14 dy) Exp6-1 (3 pp. 7 dy) UTC 1 Exp2 + Exp3-2 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp5-2 (3 pp. 7 dy) Grndevo 3 lb/ (3 pp.) Venerte 8 qt/ (3 pp.) Exp3-3 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp6-2 (3 pp. 14 dy) Exp6-1 (3 pp. 14 dy) Exp2 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp2 + Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 pp.) UTC 2 Exp3-1 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Agri-Mek 2.72 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp5-2 (3 pp. 14 dy) Rimon 9, 8, 7 oz/ (3 pp.) Entrust 10 oz/ (2 pp.) Glditor 19 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp1-3 + NIS (2 pp.) Besiege 9 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Corgen 5 oz/ (2 pp.) Blckhwk 2.75 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Sivnto 14 oz/ (2 pp.) Exirel 10.8 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Blckhwk 3.3 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Blckhwk 3.0 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Rdint 8 oz/ (2 pp.) Exp4-1 + NIS (2 pp.) Exp1-2 + NIS (2 pp.) Exp1-1 + NIS (2 pp.) Bely 3 oz/ + MSO (2 pp.) Men cumultive dults per 10 plnts

16 Tril 3: Potto folir (AARS) 16 Fig. 2. Cumultive 2 nd genertion CPB dults 6-Jul 12-Jul Exp1-3 + NIS (2 pp.) Exirel 10.8 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Blckhwk 2.75 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Agri-Mek 2.72 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp1-2 + NIS (2 pp.) Besiege 9 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Blckhwk 3.3 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp1-1 + NIS (2 pp.) Blckhwk 3.0 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Venerte 8 qt/ (3 pp.) Grndevo 3 lb/ (3 pp.) Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 pp.) UTC 2 Exp5-2 (3 pp. 14 dy) Exp3-1 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Entrust 10 oz/ (2 pp.) Exp3-5 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Rdint 8 oz/ (2 pp.) Exp4-1 + NIS (2 pp.) Exp6-1 (3 pp. 14 dy) Exp2 + Exp3-2 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp6-2 (3 pp. 14 dy) UTC 1 Exp6-1 (3 pp. 7 dy) Exp5-1 (3 pp. 14 dy) Sivnto 14 oz/ (2 pp.) Exp2 + Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp5-2 (3 pp. 7 dy) Rimon 9, 8, 7 oz/ (3 pp.) Exp3-3 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp2 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Glditor 19 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp4-2 + NIS (2 pp.) Athen 17 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Corgen 5 oz/ (2 pp.) Bely 3 oz/ + MSO (2 pp.) Men cumultive dults per 10 plnts

17 Tril 3: Potto folir (AARS) 17 Fig. 3. Cumultive CPB egg msses 20-Jun 27-Jun 6-Jul 12-Jul Exp2 + Exp3-2 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp6-1 (3 pp. 7 dy) Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp3-5 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp6-1 (3 pp. 14 dy) Venerte 8 qt/ (3 pp.) Exp6-2 (3 pp. 14 dy) Exp2 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp3-1 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Grndevo 3 lb/ (3 pp.) Exp2 + Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp3-3 + LI-700 (2 pp.) UTC 2 Exp5-2 (3 pp. 14 dy) Sivnto 14 oz/ (2 pp.) Exirel 10.8 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Entrust 10 oz/ (2 pp.) Exp5-1 (3 pp. 14 dy) UTC 1 Exp5-2 (3 pp. 7 dy) Exp4-2 + NIS (2 pp.) Athen 17 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Corgen 5 oz/ (2 pp.) Glditor 19 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Rimon 9, 8, 7 oz/ (3 pp.) Agri-Mek 2.72 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Besiege 9 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp4-1 + NIS (2 pp.) Exp1-1 + NIS (2 pp.) Exp1-2 + NIS (2 pp.) Blckhwk 2.75 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Blckhwk 3.3 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp1-3 + NIS (2 pp.) Blckhwk 3.0 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Rdint 8 oz/ (2 pp.) Bely 3 oz/ + MSO (2 pp.) Men cumultive egg msses per 10 plnts

18 Tril 3: Potto folir (AARS) 18 Fig. 4. Cumultive CPB smll lrve 20-Jun 27-Jun 6-Jul 12-Jul Entrust 10 oz/ (2 pp.) Rdint 8 oz/ (2 pp.) Exp1-3 + NIS (2 pp.) Exirel 10.8 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp1-2 + NIS (2 pp.) Blckhwk 3.3 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp4-1 + NIS (2 pp.) Blckhwk 3.0 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp1-1 + NIS (2 pp.) Blckhwk 2.75 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Bely 3 oz/ + MSO (2 pp.) Agri-Mek 2.72 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Corgen 5 oz/ (2 pp.) Besiege 9 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Rimon 9, 8, 7 oz/ (3 pp.) Athen 17 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Glditor 19 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Sivnto 14 oz/ (2 pp.) Exp6-2 (3 pp. 14 dy) Exp5-2 (3 pp. 7 dy) Exp2 + Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp4-2 + NIS (2 pp.) Venerte 8 qt/ (3 pp.) UTC 1 UTC 2 Exp5-1 (3 pp. 14 dy) Exp6-1 (3 pp. 14 dy) Grndevo 3 lb/ (3 pp.) Exp5-2 (3 pp. 14 dy) Exp2 + Exp3-2 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp3-1 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp3-3 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp3-5 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp2 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp6-1 (3 pp. 7 dy) Men cumultive lrve per 10 plnts

19 Tril 3: Potto folir (AARS) 19 Fig. 5. Cumultive CPB lrge lrve 20-Jun 27-Jun 6-Jul 12-Jul Exp1-3 + NIS (2 pp.) Exp1-2 + NIS (2 pp.) Exp4-1 + NIS (2 pp.) Exirel 10.8 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Entrust 10 oz/ (2 pp.) Exp1-1 + NIS (2 pp.) Agri-Mek 2.72 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Blckhwk 3.0 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Blckhwk 2.75 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Rdint 8 oz/ (2 pp.) Blckhwk 3.3 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Besiege 9 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Corgen 5 oz/ (2 pp.) Exp4-2 + NIS (2 pp.) Bely 3 oz/ + MSO (2 pp.) Rimon 9, 8, 7 oz/ (3 pp.) Athen 17 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Glditor 19 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp5-2 (3 pp. 7 dy) Exp6-2 (3 pp. 14 dy) Exp3-3 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp5-1 (3 pp. 14 dy) Exp6-1 (3 pp. 7 dy) Sivnto 14 oz/ (2 pp.) Exp5-2 (3 pp. 14 dy) Venerte 8 qt/ (3 pp.) UTC 2 Exp6-1 (3 pp. 14 dy) Exp3-1 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp3-5 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp2 + Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp2 + Exp3-2 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Grndevo 3 lb/ (3 pp.) UTC 1 Exp2 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Men cumultive lrve per 10 plnts

20 Tril 3: Potto folir (AARS) 20 Fig. 6. Cumultive potto lefhopper dults 22-Jun 29-Jun 13-Jul Exp3-5 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp2 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Athen 17 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp2 + Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp2 + Exp3-2 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp3-3 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Grndevo 3 lb/ (3 pp.) Exp3-1 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Glditor 19 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp4-2 + NIS (2 pp.) Exp6-1 (3 pp. 7 dy) UTC 1 Exp6-1 (3 pp. 14 dy) Venerte 8 qt/ (3 pp.) UTC 2 Sivnto 14 oz/ (2 pp.) Exp5-2 (3 pp. 14 dy) Exp5-1 (3 pp. 14 dy) Exp5-2 (3 pp. 7 dy) Exp6-2 (3 pp. 14 dy) Bely 3 oz/ + MSO (2 pp.) Besiege 9 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Entrust 10 oz/ (2 pp.) Rimon 9, 8, 7 oz/ (3 pp.) Exp1-3 + NIS (2 pp.) Exp4-1 + NIS (2 pp.) Exp1-1 + NIS (2 pp.) Blckhwk 3.3 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Rdint 8 oz/ (2 pp.) Blckhwk 2.75 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Agri-Mek 2.72 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exirel 10.8 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp1-2 + NIS (2 pp.) Blckhwk 3.0 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Corgen 5 oz/ (2 pp.) Men cumultive dults per 20 sweeps

21 Tril 3: Potto folir (AARS) 21 Fig. 7. Cumultive potto lefhopper nymphs 29-Jun 7-Jul 14-Jul Athen 17 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Sivnto 14 oz/ (2 pp.) Glditor 19 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Bely 3 oz/ + MSO (2 pp.) Besiege 9 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp3-5 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp3-1 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp4-2 + NIS (2 pp.) Exp2 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp2 + Exp3-2 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp2 + Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp3-3 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp1-3 + NIS (2 pp.) Grndevo 3 lb/ (3 pp.) Entrust 10 oz/ (2 pp.) Exirel 10.8 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp1-2 + NIS (2 pp.) Exp1-1 + NIS (2 pp.) Blckhwk 2.75 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) UTC 2 Exp6-1 (3 pp. 14 dy) UTC 1 Agri-Mek 2.72 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp6-2 (3 pp. 14 dy) Exp5-1 (3 pp. 14 dy) Exp5-2 (3 pp. 14 dy) Corgen 5 oz/ (2 pp.) Exp5-2 (3 pp. 7 dy) Venerte 8 qt/ (3 pp.) Exp6-1 (3 pp. 7 dy) Blckhwk 3.3 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp4-1 + NIS (2 pp.) Rdint 8 oz/ (2 pp.) Blckhwk 3.0 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Rimon 9, 8, 7 oz/ (3 pp.) Men cumultive nymphs per 25 leves

22 Tril 3: Potto folir (AARS) 22 Fig. 8. Cumultive phid counts 29-Jun 7-Jul 14-Jul Bely 3 oz/ + MSO (2 pp.) Sivnto 14 oz/ (2 pp.) Grndevo 3 lb/ (3 pp.) Exp3-1 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Corgen 5 oz/ (2 pp.) Exp3-3 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp1-3 + NIS (2 pp.) Exp6-2 (3 pp. 14 dy) Exp2 + Exp3-2 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exirel 10.8 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp5-2 (3 pp. 7 dy) Exp2 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp5-2 (3 pp. 14 dy) UTC 2 Entrust 10 oz/ (2 pp.) Exp1-2 + NIS (2 pp.) Exp6-1 (3 pp. 14 dy) Exp3-5 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Besiege 9 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Venerte 8 qt/ (3 pp.) Exp1-1 + NIS (2 pp.) Blckhwk 2.75 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp5-1 (3 pp. 14 dy) Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp6-1 (3 pp. 7 dy) UTC 1 Exp4-2 + NIS (2 pp.) Blckhwk 3.3 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp2 + Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Rdint 8 oz/ (2 pp.) Agri-Mek 2.72 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Athen 17 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Blckhwk 3.0 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Glditor 19 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Rimon 9, 8, 7 oz/ (3 pp.) Exp4-1 + NIS (2 pp.) Men cumultive phids per 25 leves

23 Tril 3: Potto folir (AARS) 23 Fig. 9. Deflition severity 1: 0-2% 2: 2-5% 3: 5-10% 4: >10% Exp1-3 + NIS (2 pp.) Besiege 9 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Blckhwk 2.75 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exirel 10.8 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Agri-Mek 2.72 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp1-2 + NIS (2 pp.) Blckhwk 3.3 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp1-1 + NIS (2 pp.) Blckhwk 3.0 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Exp4-1 + NIS (2 pp.) Corgen 5 oz/ (2 pp.) Glditor 19 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Rdint 8 oz/ (2 pp.) Athen 17 oz/ + NIS (2 pp.) Entrust 10 oz/ (2 pp.) Bely 3 oz/ + MSO (2 pp.) Exp4-2 + NIS (2 pp.) Rimon 9, 8, 7 oz/ (3 pp.) Exp6-2 (3 pp. 14 dy) Exp5-2 (3 pp. 7 dy) Sivnto 14 oz/ (2 pp.) Exp3-3 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp5-2 (3 pp. 14 dy) Exp6-1 (3 pp. 7 dy) Exp2 + Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp5-1 (3 pp. 14 dy) Exp3-1 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp6-1 (3 pp. 14 dy) Exp2 + Exp3-2 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Exp3-5 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Venerte 8 qt/ (3 pp.) UTC 1 Exp3-4 + LI-700 (2 pp.) Grndevo 3 lb/ (3 pp.) Exp2 + LI-700 (2 pp.) UTC Men defolition severity score

24 24 Tril 3 Folir insecticide tretments for the control of Colordo potto beetle in Wisconsin potto production (AARS) Purpose The purpose of this experiment ws to evlute the efficcy of folir insecticides pplied to potto for control of Colordo potto beetle (CPB), Leptinotrs decemlinet. Mterils nd Methods This experiment ws conducted t the Arlington Agriculturl Reserch Sttion (AARS), Arlington, WI in Potto, Solnum tuberosum cv. Yukon Gold seed pieces were plnted on 27 My. Seed pieces were spced 12 inches prt within rows. Rows were 3 ft prt. The two-row plots were 6 ft wide by 20 ft long, for totl of cres. Two gurd rows seprted the plots. The plots were mnged ccording to commercil pest mngement (herbicide nd fungicide) prctices s well s fertility recommendtions prescribed by AAES. Four replictes of 8 experimentl folir tretments nd 1 untreted control were rrnged in rndomized complete block design. The folir tretments were pplied 3 July nd 10 July. Tretments were pplied with CO2 pressurized bckpck spryer with 6 ft boom operting t 30 psi delivering 20 gp through 4 flt-fn nozzles (Tee Jet XR8002XR) spced 18 prt while trvelling t 3.5 ft/sec. CPB dults (CPB-A), egg msses (-EM), smll lrve (-SL), lrge lrve (-LL) were ssessed by counting the number of ech life stge on 10 rndomly selected plnts from the center two rows in ech plot. Defolition rtings (% DF) were determined by visul observtion of the entire plot. (See tbles nd grphs below). Insect counts occurred on three dtes during July: 6 July (3 DAT), 11 Jul (8, 1 DAT), nd 13 July (10, 3 DAT). Count dt were Log10 trnsformed prior to dt nlysis using ANOVA nd mens were compred using Tukey s HSD mens seprtion test (P=0.05). Aphid numbers were very low throughout the tril nd were not included in the summry. No sign of phytotoxicity were observed.

25 Tril 3: Potto folir (AARS) 25 Tble 1. 7/6/ dys fter tretment Trt Product Rte CPB-A CPB-EM CPB-SL CPB-LL % DF 1 UTC b b b 2 Exirel 10.8 fl oz/ Agri-Mek 2.72 fl oz/ A21390F 5.5 fl oz/ A21390F 8 fl oz/ A21390F 10 fl oz/ Besiege 9 fl oz/ Blckhwk 3.3 oz wt/ b 9 Rdint 8 fl oz/ b P <.0001 < HSD Mens in columns followed by the sme letter re not significntly different (Tukey's Honest Significnt Difference Test, P = 0.05)

26 Tril 3: Potto folir (AARS) 26 Tble 2. 7/11/ nd 1 dys fter tretment Trt Product Rte CPB-A CPB-EM CPB-SL CPB-LL 1 UTC c b 2 Exirel 10.8 fl oz/ Agri-Mek 2.72 fl oz/ A21390F 5.5 fl oz/ A21390F 8 fl oz/ A21390F 10 fl oz/ Besiege 9 fl oz/ Blckhwk 3.3 oz wt/ b Rdint 8 fl oz/ P <.0001 <.0001 HSD Mens in columns followed by the sme letter re not significntly different (Tukey's Honest Significnt Difference Test, P = 0.05)

27 Tril 3: Potto folir (AARS) 27 Tble 3. 7/13/ nd 3 dys fter tretment Trt Product Rte CPB-A CPB-EM CPB-SL CPB-LL 1 UTC b b 2 Exirel 10.8 fl oz/ Agri-Mek 2.72 fl oz/ A21390F 5.5 fl oz/ A21390F 8 fl oz/ A21390F 10 fl oz/ Besiege 9 fl oz/ Blckhwk 3.3 oz wt/ Rdint 8 fl oz/ P <.0001 <.0001 HSD Mens in columns followed by the sme letter re not significntly different (Tukey's Honest Significnt Difference Test, P = 0.05)

28 UTC Exirel (10.8 fl oz/) Agri-Mek (2.72 fl oz/) A21390F (5.5 fl oz/) A21390F (8 fl oz/) A21390F (10 fl oz/) Besiege (9 fl oz/) Blckhwk (3.3 oz wt/) Rdint (8 fl oz/) UTC Exirel (10.8 fl oz/) Agri-Mek (2.72 fl oz/) A21390F (5.5 fl oz/) A21390F (8 fl oz/) A21390F (10 fl oz/) Besiege (9 fl oz/) Blckhwk (3.3 oz wt/) Rdint (8 fl oz/) UTC Exirel (10.8 fl oz/) Agri-Mek (2.72 fl oz/) A21390F (5.5 fl oz/) A21390F (8 fl oz/) A21390F (10 fl oz/) Besiege (9 fl oz/) Blckhwk (3.3 oz wt/) Rdint (8 fl oz/) Tril 3: Potto folir (AARS) Fig. 1. Men number of CPB dults per 10 plnts Jul 11-Jul 13-Jul

29 UTC Exirel (10.8 fl oz/) Agri-Mek (2.72 fl oz/) A21390F (5.5 fl oz/) A21390F (8 fl oz/) A21390F (10 fl oz/) Besiege (9 fl oz/) Blckhwk (3.3 oz wt/) Rdint (8 fl oz/) UTC Exirel (10.8 fl oz/) Agri-Mek (2.72 fl oz/) A21390F (5.5 fl oz/) A21390F (8 fl oz/) A21390F (10 fl oz/) Besiege (9 fl oz/) Blckhwk (3.3 oz wt/) Rdint (8 fl oz/) UTC Exirel (10.8 fl oz/) Agri-Mek (2.72 fl oz/) A21390F (5.5 fl oz/) A21390F (8 fl oz/) A21390F (10 fl oz/) Besiege (9 fl oz/) Blckhwk (3.3 oz wt/) Rdint (8 fl oz/) Tril 3: Potto folir (AARS) Fig. 2. Men number of CPB egg msses per 10 plnts Jul 11-Jul 13-Jul

30 UTC Exirel (10.8 fl oz/) Agri-Mek (2.72 fl oz/) A21390F (5.5 fl oz/) A21390F (8 fl oz/) A21390F (10 fl oz/) Besiege (9 fl oz/) Blckhwk (3.3 oz wt/) Rdint (8 fl oz/) UTC Exirel (10.8 fl oz/) Agri-Mek (2.72 fl oz/) A21390F (5.5 fl oz/) A21390F (8 fl oz/) A21390F (10 fl oz/) Besiege (9 fl oz/) Blckhwk (3.3 oz wt/) Rdint (8 fl oz/) UTC Exirel (10.8 fl oz/) Agri-Mek (2.72 fl oz/) A21390F (5.5 fl oz/) A21390F (8 fl oz/) A21390F (10 fl oz/) Besiege (9 fl oz/) Blckhwk (3.3 oz wt/) Rdint (8 fl oz/) Tril 3: Potto folir (AARS) Fig. 3. Men number of CPB lrge lrve per 10 plnts 100 b b 10 b Jul 11-Jul 13-Jul

31 UTC Exirel (10.8 fl oz/) Agri-Mek (2.72 fl oz/) A21390F (5.5 fl oz/) A21390F (8 fl oz/) A21390F (10 fl oz/) Besiege (9 fl oz/) Blckhwk (3.3 oz wt/) Rdint (8 fl oz/) UTC Exirel (10.8 fl oz/) Agri-Mek (2.72 fl oz/) A21390F (5.5 fl oz/) A21390F (8 fl oz/) A21390F (10 fl oz/) Besiege (9 fl oz/) Blckhwk (3.3 oz wt/) Rdint (8 fl oz/) UTC Exirel (10.8 fl oz/) Agri-Mek (2.72 fl oz/) A21390F (5.5 fl oz/) A21390F (8 fl oz/) A21390F (10 fl oz/) Besiege (9 fl oz/) Blckhwk (3.3 oz wt/) Rdint (8 fl oz/) Tril 3: Potto folir (AARS) Fig. 4. Men number of CPB smll lrve per 10 plnts 100 b c b 10 b Jul 11-Jul 13-Jul

32 Tril 3: Potto folir (AARS) 32 20% Fig. 5. Men defolition percentge (July 6 th ) 15% b 10% 5% b b 0% UTC Exirel (10.8 fl oz/) Agri-Mek (2.72 fl oz/) A21390F (5.5 fl oz/) A21390F (8 fl oz/) A21390F (10 fl oz/) Besiege (9 fl oz/) Blckhwk (3.3 oz wt/) Rdint (8 fl oz/)

33 33 Tril 4 Folir insecticide tretments to limit the spred of Potto virus Y in Wisconsin seed potto production (Antigo, WI) Purpose The purpose of this experiment ws to evlute the efficcy of new folir-pplied experimentl compound, LIFEGARD, lone nd in combintion with minerl oil, in limiting the spred of potto virus Y (PVY) to foundtion nd certified seed potto. The gol is the refinement of PVY best mngement prctices to limit current seson spred of the virus in seed potto using different ppliction timing, ppliction intervls, nd tnk mixes of minerl oils nd plnt defense ctivtors in the PVY susceptible vriety, Silverton Russet. Mterils nd Methods The tril consisted of seven min effect tretments nd one untreted control rrnged in RCB design with four experimentl replictes (Tble 1). Tretments consisted of n untreted control, the experimentl compound LIFEGARD lone nd in combintion with two rtes of Aphoil, two rtes of Aphoil, nd two rtes of the commercil product Actigrd in combintion with single rte of Aphoil. Experimentl plots consisted of four row plots mesuring 12 ft. (3.7 m) wide nd 40 ft. (12.2 m) in length with unplnted gurd rows on ech side. Potto Solnum tuberosum L., Silverton Russet ws mchine plnted on 20 June, 2016 t the Lnglde Agriculturl Reserch Sttion in Antigo, north centrl Wisconsin. Rows were plnted on 36-inch row centers (0.9 m) with 12 inches (0.3 m) between plnts nd 12 ft. (3.6 m) lleys seprting replictions. Tretments were pplied with CO2 pressurized trctor-mounted spryer with 12 ft. boom operting t 40 psi delivering 28.4 gp through extended rnge flt fn nozzle tips (Tee Jet XVS8004) trvelling t 4.5 mph. Appliction frequency vried by compound nd by tretment s noted in Tble 1. Vine-kill occurred on August 29, nd plots were mchine hrvested on September 12. Only the center two rows (240 squre ft; cre) were hrvested nd grded for ech plot. Tubers were grded by weight: A s if greter thn 1.25 oz; B s if not. Results Both minerl oil pplictions nd plnt defense ctivtors cn reduce yield in potto, though by different mechnisms: Minerl oil cn prtilly brek down the cuticle nd my interfere with trnspirtion; LIFEGARD (mode of ction: induced systemic resistnce) nd Actigrd (mode of ction: systemic cquired resistnce) both cuse dditionl metbolic demnds on the plnt by up-regulting plnt defenses proctively. In this tril, tuber yield t hrvest ws not found to vry significntly by tretment for clss A tubers (size > 1 7/8 ), clss B tubers (between 1.5 nd 1 7/8 ), or totl mrket weight tubers (A

34 Tril 4: PVY Mgmt (Antigo, WI) 34 & B). Yield dt re presented in Tble 2 nd Grph 1. Yield drg, or the reduction in totl yield reltive to the control plots, ws clculted for ech tretment nd is presented in both units of cwt/ nd percent in Tble 2 nd Grph 2. Yield drg did not differ significntly by tretment; sttisticl tests for yield drg re equivlent to totl mrketble yield s it ws clculted from those vlues. PVY incidence ws determined by growing out smple of hrvested tubers t reserch fcility in Hwii. No sttisticlly significnt difference in PVY incidence ws observed due to low men incidence levels nd high vrince (Tble 3 nd Grph 3).

35 35 Tble 1. Tretment detil Trt Product Type Form Rte Frequency 1 UTC CX INSE 100 % WP 1.78 oz wt/ biweekly 3 CX INSE 100 % WP 1.78 oz wt/ biweekly Aphoil ADJ 100 % SL 2 % v/v biweekly 4 CX INSE 100 % WP 1.78 oz wt/ biweekly Aphoil ADJ 100 % SL 4 % v/v biweekly 5 Aphoil ADJ 100 % SL 2 % v/v weekly 6 Aphoil ADJ 100 % SL 4 % v/v weekly 7 Actigrd INSE 50 % WG 0.75 oz wt/ 3 totl Aphoil ADJ 100 % SL 2 % v/v weekly 8 Actigrd INSE 50 % WG 1 oz wt/ 3 totl Aphoil ADJ 100 % SL 2 % v/v weekly

36 Tril 4: PVY Mgmt (Antigo, WI) 36 Tble 2. Yield dt Trt Product(s) Rte Appliction frequency Clss A (cwt/) Clss B (cwt/) Mkt Yield (cwt/) Yield Drg (cwt/) Yield Drg (%) 1 UTC ± ± ± CX oz wt/ biweekly ± ± ± ± % ± 5.68% 3 CX Aphoil 4 CX Aphoil oz wt/ % v/v oz wt/ % v/v biweekly biweekly biweekly biweekly ± ± ± ± % ± 1.67% ± ± ± ± % ± 10.83% 5 Aphoil 2 % v/v weekly ± ± ± ± % ± 8.19% 6 Aphoil 4 % v/v weekly ± ± ± ± % ± 8.70% 7 Actigrd Aphoil 8 Actigrd Aphoil oz wt/ % v/v oz wt/ % v/v 3 totl weekly 3 totl weekly ± ± ± ± % ± 8.85% ± ± ± ± % ± 2.06% P HSD Results shown s Mens ± Stndrd Devitions with mens seprtion letter codes following (Tukey s HSD test, α=.05) Sttisticl results for Yield Drg re the sme s for Mrket Yield

37 Tril 4: PVY Mgmt (Antigo, WI) 37 Tble 3. PVY Incidence Trt Product Rte App. Freq. N tested N Positive % Incidence 1 UTC % ± 2.97% 2 CX oz wt/ biweekly % ± 1.18% 3 CX oz wt/ biweekly % ± 0.00% Aphoil 2 % v/v biweekly 4 CX Aphoil oz wt/ % v/v biweekly biweekly % ± 0.75% 5 Aphoil 2 % v/v weekly % ± 1.39% 6 Aphoil 4 % v/v weekly % ± 1.52% 7 Actigrd 0.75 oz wt/ 3 totl % ± 2.45% Aphoil 2 % v/v weekly 8 Actigrd Aphoil 1 2 oz wt/ % v/v 3 totl weekly % ± 1.72% P HSD Results shown s Mens ± Stndrd Devitions with mens seprtion letter codes following (Tukey s HSD test, α=.05)

38 Men mrketble yield (cwt/) Tril 4: PVY Mgmt (Antigo, WI) 38 Fig. 1. Mrketble yield 450 Clss A Clss B UTC Lifegrd Lifegrd Lifegrd - - Actigrd L Actigrd H - Aphoil 2% Aphoil 4% Aphoil 2% Aphoil 4% Aphoil 2% Aphoil 2% (bi-wkly) (bi-wkly) (bi-wkly) (wkly) (wkly) (3 pp) (3 pp)

39 Yield reduction vs Control (cwt/) Tril 4: PVY Mgmt (Antigo, WI) 39 Fig. 2. Men yield reduction vs control Lifegrd Lifegrd Lifegrd - - Actigrd L Actigrd H - Aphoil 2% Aphoil 4% Aphoil 2% Aphoil 4% Aphoil 2% Aphoil 2% (bi-wkly) (bi-wkly) (bi-wkly) (wkly) (wkly) (3 pp) (3 pp)

40 Men PVY Incidence Tril 4: PVY Mgmt (Antigo, WI) 40 7% Fig. 3. PVY incidence 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% UTC Lifegrd Lifegrd Lifegrd - - Actigrd L Actigrd H - Aphoil 2% Aphoil 4% Aphoil 2% Aphoil 4% Aphoil 2% Aphoil 2% (bi-wkly) (bi-wkly) (bi-wkly) (wkly) (wkly) (3 pp) (3 pp)

41 41 Tril 5 Evlution of systemic insecticides for the control of the Colordo potto beetle, potto lefhopper, nd phids on potto (HARS) Purpose The objective of this experiment ws to ssess the efficcy of t-plnt systemic insecticides to control Colordo potto beetle (CPB), Leptinotrs decemlinet, potto lefhopper (PLH), Emposc fbe, nd potto colonizing phid species on pottoes. Mterils nd Methods This experiment ws conducted t Hncock Agriculturl Reserch Sttion (HARS) locted 1.1 mile (1.8 km) southwest of Hncock, Wisconsin on lomy snd soil in Potto, Solnum tuberosum cv. Russet Burbnk, seed pieces were plnted on 21 April. Seed pieces were spced 12 inches prt within rows. Rows were 3 ft prt. The four-row plots were 12 ft wide by 20 ft long, for totl of cres. Two untreted gurd rows seprted plots. Plots were rrnged in n 8 tier design with 12 ft lleys between tiers. All plots were mintined ccording to stndrd commercil production prctices by HARS stff. Four replictes of 11 experimentl tretments nd 1 untreted control were rrnged in rndomized complete block design. Seed tretments were pplied in 130 ml of wter per 50 lb of seed on 21 April using single nozzle boom pplying 9.1 gp equipped with Tee Jet XR8002VS flt fn spry tip powered by CO2 bckpck spryer t 30psi. In-furrow insecticides were pplied t plnting with CO2 pressurized bckpck spryer operting t 30 psi with 2 nozzle boom with Tee Jet 8001 flt fn nozzles delivering 11 gp. Furrows were cut using commercil potto plnter without closing discs ttched. Immeditely fter the infurrow tretments were pplied nd ll seed piece tretments were plced in open furrows, ll seed ws covered by hilling. Stnd counts were conducted on 3 June (43 DAP) by counting the number of emerged plnts per 20 ft. section of row. CPB efficcy ws ssessed by counting the number of these insects per plnt on 10 rndomly selected plnts in ech plot. Defolition rtings (% DF) were determined by visul observtion of the entire plot. CPBs were recorded in the following life stges: dults (A), egg msses (EM), smll lrve (SL), lrge lrve (LL). Potto lefhoppers were recorded s nymphs (N) or dults (A). Adult PLH were smpled using sweep net techniques (15 sweeps per plot). PLH nymphs nd phids were ssessed by visul inspection of 25 leves per plot. Insect counts occurred on severl dtes throughout the summer, nd insect count verges reflect time periods during the summer when specific life stges peked in the plots (Tble 1). Cumultive dt re shown in grphs. Count dt were Log10 trnsformed prior to dt nlysis using ANOVA nd mens were compred using Tukey s HSD mens seprtion test (P=0.05). No signs of phytotoxicity were observed mong experimentl tretments.

42 Tril 5: Potto systemic (HARS) 42 Tble 1. Men Colordo potto beetle (CPB) counts per 10 plnts of dults (AD), egg msses (EM), smll (SL) nd lrge (LL) lrve, dult (AD) nd nymphl (NY) potto lefhoppers (PLH) nd defolition rting (DF) Trt Product(s) Type Rte Unit CPB-A1 CPB-A2 CPB-EM CPB-SL CPB-LL PLH-A PLH-N Aphid DF 1 UTC d cd c 4.51 b b b 3.25 e 2 Exp 1 S bc d d c 4.24 b b 3.77 b 3.25 e 3 Exp 1 S bc d bcd c 4.57 b b 3.16 b 2.92 de 4 Exp 1 Convoy S fl oz/cwt bc d bcd 201 c 5.80 bc b 9.71 b 3.25 e 5 Exp 2 S bc d bcd 285 c 6.50 b b b 2.75 cde 6 Exp 2 Convoy S fl oz/cwt 33.5 bc cd bcd 192 c 1.71 bc b 6.55 b 2.42 bcd 7 CruiserMxx S 0.27 fl oz/cwt 59.5 c bc 286 bcd bc bc 8 Pltinum IF 2.67 oz/ 50.5 bc b 9 Verimrk IF 10.3 fl oz/ 46.5 bc b 133 bc b 6.85 c b 3.59 b Verimrk IF 13.5 fl oz/ 49 bc b 137 b b bc b 3.11 b 1.83 b 11 Sivnto IF 21 fl oz/ bc d cd c b 3.17 e 12 Sivnto IF 28 fl oz/ 24.5 b cd 317 bcd c 1.89 b e P < <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 < <.0001 HSD Mens not follow by the sme letter in columns re significntly different (P<0.05). IF = In furrow, S = Seed tretment

43 Tril 5: Potto systemic (HARS) 43 Fig. 1. Cumultive 1 st genertion CPB dults 3-Jun 10-Jun 14-Jun 22-Jun 28-Jun UTC Exp 1 Rte 1 bc Exp 1 Rte 2 Exp 1 Rte 1 + Convoy 0.5 fl oz/cwt bc bc Exp 2 bc Exp 2 + Convoy 0.5 fl oz/cwt bc CruiserMxx 0.27 fl oz/cwt c Pltinum 2.67 fl oz/ bc Verimrk 10.3 fl oz/ bc Verimrk 13.5 fl oz/ bc Sivnto 21 fl oz/ bc Sivnto 28 fl oz/ Men cumultive dults per 10 plnts b

44 Tril 5: Potto systemic (HARS) 44 Fig. 2. Cumultive 2 nd genertion CPB dults 11-Jul 18-Jul UTC Exp 1 Rte 1 Exp 1 Rte 2 Exp 1 Rte 1 + Convoy 0.5 fl oz/cwt Exp 2 Exp 2 + Convoy 0.5 fl oz/cwt CruiserMxx 0.27 fl oz/cwt Pltinum 2.67 fl oz/ Verimrk 10.3 fl oz/ Verimrk 13.5 fl oz/ Sivnto 21 fl oz/ Sivnto 28 fl oz/ Men cumultive dults per 10 plnts

45 Tril 5: Potto systemic (HARS) 45 Fig. 3. Cumultive CPB egg msses 3-Jun 10-Jun 14-Jun 22-Jun 28-Jun UTC d Exp 1 Rte 1 d Exp 1 Rte 2 d Exp 1 Rte 1 + Convoy 0.5 fl oz/cwt d Exp 2 d Exp 2 + Convoy 0.5 fl oz/cwt cd CruiserMxx 0.27 fl oz/cwt bc Pltinum 2.67 fl oz/ Verimrk 10.3 fl oz/ b Verimrk 13.5 fl oz/ b Sivnto 21 fl oz/ d Sivnto 28 fl oz/ Men cumultive egg msses per 10 plnts cd

46 Tril 5: Potto systemic (HARS) 46 Fig. 4. Cumultive CPB smll lrve 10-Jun 14-Jun 22-Jun 28-Jun 11-Jul UTC cd Exp 1 Rte 1 d Exp 1 Rte 2 Exp 1 Rte 1 + Convoy 0.5 fl oz/cwt bcd bcd Exp 2 Exp 2 + Convoy 0.5 fl oz/cwt bcd bcd CruiserMxx 0.27 fl oz/cwt bcd Pltinum 2.67 fl oz/ Verimrk 10.3 fl oz/ bc Verimrk 13.5 fl oz/ b Sivnto 21 fl oz/ cd Sivnto 28 fl oz/ bcd Men cumultive lrve per 10 plnts

47 Tril 5: Potto systemic (HARS) 47 Fig. 5. Cumultive CPB lrge lrve 28-Jun 11-Jul 18-Jul UTC c Exp 1 Rte 1 c Exp 1 Rte 2 c Exp 1 Rte 1 + Convoy 0.5 fl oz/cwt c Exp 2 c Exp 2 + Convoy 0.5 fl oz/cwt c CruiserMxx 0.27 fl oz/cwt bc Pltinum 2.67 fl oz/ Verimrk 10.3 fl oz/ b Verimrk 13.5 fl oz/ b Sivnto 21 fl oz/ c Sivnto 28 fl oz/ Men cumultive lrve per 10 plnts c

48 Tril 5: Potto systemic (HARS) 48 Fig. 6. Cumultive potto lefhopper dults 23-Jun 29-Jun 18-Jul UTC b Exp 1 Rte 1 b Exp 1 Rte 2 b Exp 1 Rte 1 + Convoy 0.5 fl oz/cwt bc Exp 2 Exp 2 + Convoy 0.5 fl oz/cwt b bc CruiserMxx 0.27 fl oz/cwt Pltinum 2.67 fl oz/ Verimrk 10.3 fl oz/ c Verimrk 13.5 fl oz/ bc Sivnto 21 fl oz/ Sivnto 28 fl oz/ b Men cumultive dults per 20 sweeps

49 Tril 5: Potto systemic (HARS) 49 Fig. 7. Cumultive potto lefhopper nymphs 23-Jun 15-Jul 18-Jul UTC b Exp 1 Rte 1 b Exp 1 Rte 2 Exp 1 Rte 1 + Convoy 0.5 fl oz/cwt b b Exp 2 Exp 2 + Convoy 0.5 fl oz/cwt b b CruiserMxx 0.27 fl oz/cwt Pltinum 2.67 fl oz/ Verimrk 10.3 fl oz/ b Verimrk 13.5 fl oz/ b Sivnto 21 fl oz/ Sivnto 28 fl oz/ Men cumultive nymphs per 25 leves

50 Tril 5: Potto systemic (HARS) 50 Fig. 8. Cumultive phid counts 23-Jun 15-Jul 18-Jul UTC b Exp 1 Rte 1 b Exp 1 Rte 2 b Exp 1 Rte 1 + Convoy 0.5 fl oz/cwt b Exp 2 b Exp 2 + Convoy 0.5 fl oz/cwt b CruiserMxx 0.27 fl oz/cwt Pltinum 2.67 fl oz/ Verimrk 10.3 fl oz/ b Verimrk 13.5 fl oz/ b Sivnto 21 fl oz/ b Sivnto 28 fl oz/ Men cumultive phids per 25 leves

51 Tril 5: Potto systemic (HARS) 51 Fig. 9. Defolition severity 1: <2% 2: 5% 3: 10% 4: >20% UTC e Exp 1 Rte 1 e Exp 1 Rte 2 de Exp 1 Rte 1 + Convoy 0.5 fl oz/cwt e Exp 2 cde Exp 2 + Convoy 0.5 fl oz/cwt bcd CruiserMxx 0.27 fl oz/cwt bc Pltinum 2.67 fl oz/ b Verimrk 10.3 fl oz/ Verimrk 13.5 fl oz/ b Sivnto 21 fl oz/ e Sivnto 28 fl oz/ e Men defolition severity score

52 Tril 5: Potto systemic (HARS) 52 Fig. 10. Mrketble yield (A s nd B s) Yield A's Yield B's UTC bc NAI g i/cwt bcd NAI g i/cwt cd NAI g i/cwt + Convoy 0.5 fl oz/cwt d NAI g i/cwt bcd NAI g i/cwt + Convoy 0.5 fl oz/cwt bcd CruiserMxx 0.27 fl oz/cwt bc Pltinum 2.67 fl oz/ Verimrk 10.3 fl oz/ b Verimrk 13.5 fl oz/ Sivnto 21 fl oz/ bcd Sivnto 28 fl oz/ bc Totl Mrketble Yield (cwt/)

53 Tril 5: Potto systemic (HARS) 53 Fig. 11. Tuber clss distribution Prp A's Prp B's Prp C's UTC 42% 41% 17% NAI g i/cwt 24% 43% 33% NAI g i/cwt 22% 41% 37% NAI g i/cwt + Convoy 0.5 fl oz/cwt 15% 43% 42% NAI g i/cwt 31% 47% 22% NAI g i/cwt + Convoy 0.5 fl oz/cwt 29% 47% 24% CruiserMxx 0.27 fl oz/cwt 37% 44% 19% Pltinum 2.67 fl oz/ 47% 36% 17% Verimrk 10.3 fl oz/ 50% 36% 13% Verimrk 13.5 fl oz/ 48% 35% 17% Sivnto 21 fl oz/ 31% 34% 35% Sivnto 28 fl oz/ 46% 37% 17% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

54 Tril 5: Potto systemic (HARS) 54 Fig. 11. Proportion hollow tubers UTC NAI g i/cwt NAI g i/cwt NAI g i/cwt + Convoy 0.5 fl oz/cwt NAI g i/cwt NAI g i/cwt + Convoy 0.5 fl oz/cwt CruiserMxx 0.27 fl oz/cwt Pltinum 2.67 fl oz/ Verimrk 10.3 fl oz/ Verimrk 13.5 fl oz/ Sivnto 21 fl oz/ Sivnto 28 fl oz/ 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7%

55 55 Tril 6 Full seson insecticide mngement progrms for Colordo potto beetle in Wisconsin pottoes (HARS) Purpose The purpose of this experiment ws to evlute vrious full-seson, reduced-risk, insecticide progrms designed to mnge Colordo potto beetle (CPB) on pottoes in Wisconsin. With developing nicotinoid insecticide tolernce mong CPB popultions in the potto production res in Wisconsin, severl systemic bsed nd folir-bsed progrms were designed to evlute their effectiveness on mnging the CPB on potto. Methods nd Mterils This experiment ws conducted on lomy snd soil t Hncock Agriculturl Reserch sttion (HARS) locted 1.1 mile (1.8 km) southwest of Hncock, Wisconsin in Potto, Solnum tuberosum cv. Russet Burbnk, seed pieces were plnted on 19 April. Plnts were spced 12 inches prt within rows. Rows were 3 ft prt. The 8-row plots were 24 feet wide by 40 feet long, for totl of cres/plot. Replictes were seprted by 4 ft border of bre ground. Three replictes of 12 full-seson insecticide progrms were rrnged in rndomized complete block design. Systemic insecticides were pplied in-furrow t plnting (19 April for tretments 1-6). The first genertion folir pplictions were mde on 15, 23 June nd were pplied fter pek egg htch nd prior to lrge lrvl popultion dominnce (tretments 7-12). Subsequent pplictions were mde on 15, 23 nd 29 June (systemic rescue for tretments 4-6 nd 11). Second genertion CPB folir pplictions were mde to ll tretments on 18 nd 25 July. Tretment informtion is vilble in Tble 1. All in-furrow tretments were pplied t 11.0 gp on 24 April using two nozzle boom equipped with Tee Jet XR8001 flt fn spry nozzles powered by CO2 bckpck spryer t 30psi. Furrows were cut using commercil potto plnter without closing discs ttched. Immeditely fter the in-furrow tretments were pplied nd ll seed piece tretments were plced in open furrows, ll seed ws covered by hilling. Folir insecticides were pplied using CO2 pressurized spryer with 24 ft boom operting t 30 psi delivering 20 gp through 16 Tee Jet XR8002XR flt fn nozzles spced 18 prt while trvelling t 4.0 ft/sec. CPB control efficcy ws ssessed by counting the number of CPB dults (CPB-A), egg msses (EM), smll lrve (SL), nd lrge lrve (LL) per plnt on 10 rndomly selected plnts in ech plot. Percent defolition (% DF) rtings were tken by visul observtion of the entire plot. Potto lefhopper (PLH), Emposc fbe, efficcy ws ssessed by counting the number of dults collected from 15 sweep net smples in ech plot. Aphid nd potto lefhopper nymph popultions were surveyed by visul ssessment of 25 leves per plot.