MANUAL ON HYDROCARBON ANALYSIS

Transcription

1

2 ASTM T HE Americn Society for Testing nd Mterils is n interntionl, nonprofit, technicl, scientific, nd eductionl society devoted to "... the promotion of knowledge of the mterils of engineering, nd the stndrdiztion of specifictions nd methods of testing." Since 1898, the Society, minly through the ctivities of technicl committees, hs conducted vst mount of investigtion nd reserch leding to better knowledge of the properties of mterils nd the development of more thn 3900 stndrds for mterils. These stndrds re used throughout the world by industry, government, rchitects, nd engineers in specifying nd evluting mterils of ll kinds. They re pplied in design, mnufcturing, construction, nd mintennce. More thn. 100 min technicl committees (some 2500 committees including ll subcommittees nd sections) function in prescribed fields under regultions tht ensure blnced representtion of producers, consumers, nd generl interest groups. Current committee ctivities cover mterils in the fields of erospce, tomic energy, surgiclimplnts, housing nd construction, highwys, hevy industry, nd durble consumer.goods. The stndrds developed by the committees nd the hundreds of technicl ppers nd reports presented t Society meetings re published nd widely distributed. The world-wide membership is drwn from brod spectrum of individuls, gencies, nd industries concerned with mterils. More thn 15,000 members include 11,000 individul engineers~ scienti'sts, reserchers, eductors, nd testing experts; 1300 governmentl gencies nd deprtments (federl, stte, nd municipl), eductionl institutions, nd librries; nd 2700 compnies, ssocitions, reserch institutes, nd testing lbortories. In ddition, bout 8500 other individuls, though not personlly members of the Society, serve s technicl experts representing industril members on committees. A cordil invittion to become ffilited s members in the Society is extended to individuls nd orgniztions who re concerned with the fields of work in which ASTM is ctive or who would find it of interest nd benefit to keep in close touch with the work of the Society. Informtion on membership is given on the ppliction forms bound in the bck of this book. For further informtion, contct ASTM Hedqurters, 1916 Rce St., Philddphi, P

3 MANUAL ON HYDROCARBON ANALYSIS SECOND EDITION Sponsored by ASTM COM~tlT*EE D-2 ON PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND Reg. U, S. PL Off. A STM Specil Technicl Publiction No. 332 A Price: $16.00; 30 percent discount to members Published by the AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS x9x6 Rce St., Phildelphi, P. I9Io 3

4 NOTE--The Society is not responsible, s body, for the sttements nd opinions dvnced in this publiction. Nothing contined in ny publiction of the Americn Society for Testing nd Mterils is to be construed s grnting ny right, by impliction or otherwise, for mnufcture, sle, or use in connection with ny method, pprtus, or product covered by Letters Ptent, nor s insuring nyone ginst libility for infringement of Letters Ptent. (~) BY AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1968 Librry of Congress Ctlog Number: Printed in Eston, Md. Mrch, 1968

5 FOREWORD TO FIRST EDITION The history of nlysis for hydrocrbons in petroleum nd its products strted long time go. The records indicte tht de LRue nd Miller in 1856 identified severl romtic hydrocrbons in Burm petroleum by the formtion of the brium slts of benzenesulfonic cids followed by frctionl crystlliztion. The fther of Americn petroleum chemistry, Benjmin Sillimn, mde distilltion of petroleum in the erly 1870's. The development of nlyticl hydrocrbon chemistry is excellently covered in n interesting r6sum6 by Beveridge J. Mir in chpter on the composition of petroleum nd petroleum products in the book, "Chemicl Technology of Petroleum" by Gruse nd Stevens. The Americn Society for Testing nd Mterils becme ctive in developing stndrd tests for lubricnts in 1904 with the formtion of Technicl Committee N. In 1920, this committee becme Technicl Committee D-2 on Petroleum Products nd Lubricnts, s it still is tody, with scope tht included lmost ll petroleum products. However, during the first 38 yers of committee work on petroleum, there were only four methods stndrdized tht even pproched hydrocrbon nlyses--typified by methods such s the determintion of oil in wx or cid het of gsoline. In contrst, in the pst 21 yers since 1942, between 40 nd 70 methods, depending upon whether or not ncillry methods such s refrctive index re considered, hve been issued s stndrd or tenttive methods nd bout 10 proposed methods hve been published s informtion. This lrge increse is, of course, mde necessry by the greter ttention to nd need for relible informtion concerning the composition of petroleum products. This i~lformtion is incresingly requested in terms of individul hydrocrbons or certinly s minimum in terms of type such s prffinic, nphthenic, romtic, olefinic, or combintions of these. However, the demnd for these dt could not hve been met without rel dvnce in the rt nd science of seprting hydrocrbons nd hydrocrbon types nd concurrent development of instrumentl methods for determining physicl, opticl, nd spectrl properties with gret ccurcy nd precision. These developments, tken together with the fruits of the Americn Petroleum Inst Reserch Projects Nos. 6, 42, 44, nd 45 in mking vilble both dt on nd smples of pure hydrocrbons for clibrtion purposes, hve in effect mrked the culmintion of n er for nlyses dependent primrily on frctiontion, few physicl properties such s boiling point nd density, nd chemicl rections. Tody in the fifty-ninth yer of committee ctivity on petroleum nd the twenty-first yer of orgnized ASTM ctivity on hydrocrbon nlysis, hydrocrbon nlysis hs come of ge. Reserch Division IV on Hydrocrbon Anlysis of Committee D-2 recognizes tht the mnul is incomplete in severl respects nd does not represent iii

6 iv FOREWORD the dvnced nlyticl methods currently used in mny lbortories. This must lwys be so in developing stndrd methods becuse much reserch must precede the finl doption of stndrd procedures. The mnul is wek in the diesel fuel, gs oil, nd lubricting oil res. However, with the coming of the ge of high-resolution mss spectrometry, gs-liquid chromtogrphy-not to mention nucler mgnetic resonnce nd physicl property correltions, Reserch Division IV feels tht progress will be such tht revision of the mnul will be necessry every few yers nd confidently expects mny of the present omissions to be filled. Present methods under study by Reserch Division IV in the fields of mss spectrometry nd chromtogrphy ber out this thought. I m plesed tht s chirmn of ASTM Committee D-2 it is my privilege to congrtulte the ledership nd members of Reserch Division IV on their foresight through the yers tht hs enbled them to be redy for problems s they rise nd on the excellent work tht hs resulted in this present compiltion. I m sure tht even greter progress is in prospect for the future. Februry, H. M. Sm~i~ Chirmn ASTM Committee D-2 FOREWORD TO SECOND EDITION Since the First Edition of the Hydrocrbon Anlysis Mnul ws published in 1963, there hs been lrge increse in the number of nlyticl methods considered by ASTM Technicl Committees. A review of the list of new methods included in this edition gives good indiction s to where the emphsis on hydrocrbon nlysis is being plced. Of the 28 new methods included 15 re gs chromtogrphy nd 7 re mss spectrometry. Becuse of the incresed number of chromtogrphic instruments in lbortories throughout the country nd the reltive simplicity of the methods, this nlyticl tool is being used more frequently for hydrocrbon nlysis thn ny other. Due to the lrge increse in the number of new methods, the Editoril Committee, Section G, decided to include in this edition only methods used directly for determintion of composition or by correltion. The committee excluded obsolete methods of hydrocrbon nlysis; methods for other clsses of compounds, such s sulfur; nd methods tht give rough indiction of composition, such s distilltion nd grvity. The Americn Society for Testing nd Mterils hs s its purpose "the

7 FOREWORD V promotion of knowledge of mterils of engineering nd the stndrdiztion of specifictions nd the methods of testing." Consistent with the promotion of knowledge, Reserch Division IV hs tken s its gol the complete hydrocrbon nlysis of petroleum nd petroleum products, limited only by the vilbility of methods nd the willingness of lbortories to prticipte in the work. The Division never expects to chieve its gol completely since petroleum is such complex mixture of thousnds of hydrocrbon compounds. In view of the ever incresing needs of the industry for more informtion on the composition of petroleum, this effort on the prt of Reserch Division IV becomes incresingly more significnt. Although not complete, this Second Edition is big step forwrd nd represents tremendous effort on the prt of mny people. E. T. Scle, J. Hermn, nd the Editoril Committee re to be commended for their diligence nd work in producing this very useful volume. Editoril Committee: E. T. ScA~E--Editor J. HERM-A~--Assistnt Editor R. O. CLARI~mlntroduction J. F. HIcI~RSo~--Chpter I R. A. KLETT--Chpter II R. W. KING--Chpter III J. F. HICKERSON Chirmn Reserch Division IV, ASTM Committee D-2 Jnury, 1968.

8 STATEMENT OF ORIGIN This mnul hs been prepred by members of Section G on Hydrocrbon Type Anlysis Mnul of Reserch Division IV on Hydrocrbon Anlysis of ASTM Committee D-2 to give some guidnce in the nlysis of hydrocrbon mixtures, prticulrly by ASTM methods. The methods reproduced in full re only those which hve been published in one form or nother by the Americn Society for Testing nd Mterils. Most of these hve been published by Committee 1)-2, but useful methods from other committees, specificlly Committees 1)-3 on Gseous Fuels, D-11 on Rubber nd Rubber- Like Mterils, 1)-16 on Industril Aromtic Hydrocrbons nd Relted Mterils, D-27 on Electricl Insulting Liquids nd Gses, nd E-1 on Methods of Testing hve lso been included. Since there is rpid chnge in this re of nlysis, this mnul will r4quire periodic revision. The members of the committee sincerely hope tht this mnul will be found useful. The membership of the committee wishes to cknowledge the ssistnce of mny individuls in ASTM who hve helped to mke this mnul possible. Membership, Section G: S. S. KURTZ, JR., Chirmn E. T. SCAFE R. O. CLARK J. F. HICKERSON R. A. KLETT H. M. SMITH F. D. TUEMMLER E. B. TUCKER V. A. CIRILLO O~cers of Reserch Division IV: J. F. HICKERSON, Chirmn E. T. SCA~'E, Vice-Chirmn R. A. KLETT, Secretry A. J. ACKERMAN, Assistnt Secretry Februry, vii

9 This Mnul is Dedicted to Stewrt S. Kurtz, Jr. By vote of Reserch Division IV, June 28, 1962, in grteful cknowledgment of his ledership, tireless efforts, nd inspirtion s chirmn of Section G nd member of Reserch Division IV, the Hydrocrbon Anlysis Committee of ASTM Committee D-2.

10 CONTENTS PAGE Purpose of Mnul... 1 Introduction... 1 Nture of Short Anlysis--Need for Cross-Check Methods... 1 Nomenclture... 2 Composition of Petroleum nd Avilble Methods Precision of Methods Methods Published for Informtion References PART I. DISCUSSION OF ANALYSIS BY PRODUCT TYPES Chpter I. Gs Anlysis; Anlysis of Cs nd Lighter Hydrocrbons Bckground Informtion on Gs Anlysis Present Recommendtions for Gs Anlysis References on Gs Anlysis Chpter II. Anlysis of Gsoline nd Other Distillte Fuels Bckground Informtion on Gsoline Anlysis Present Recommendtions for Anlysis of Gsoline nd Similr Wide-Boillng Nphths Present Recommendtions for Anlysis of Nrrow Cuts nd Pure Compounds in Gsoline Boiling Rnge Specific Comments on Anlysis of Solvents Specific Comments on Anlysis of Kerosine, Light Fuel Oil, nd Jet Fuels Anlysis of Gs Oil nd Diesel Fuels References on Anlysis of Gsoline, Other Distillte Fuels, nd Solvents Chpter IIL Anlysis of Viscous Oils Moleculr-Type Anlysis Moleculr Composition of Viscous Frction of Petroleum Anlysis on Bsis of Sturted Compounds nd Aromtics Seprtion of Molecules Contining Aromtic Ring Structures into "Asphltenes," "Polr Aromtics," nd "Aromtics" Seprtion nd Anlysis for Aromtic Olefms nd Olefins Anlysis of Sturted Frctions for Norml Prffins, Brnched Prffins, nd Nphthenes Nonhydrocrbon Anlysis Structurl Group Anlysis Ring Anlysis Crbon-Type Anlysis (Crbon Distribution) References on Anlysis of Viscous Oils Methods of Test for: *D *D PART II. ASTM METHODS OF TEST Physicl Properties Density nd Specific Grvity of Liquids by Lipkin Bicpillry Pycnometer Density nd Specific Grvity of Liquids by Binghm Pycnometer *Approved s USA Stndrd by the USA Stndrds Institute. ix For Contents in Numeric Sequence, see p. xv.

11 x CONTENTS Methods of Test for: PAGZ *D Density nd Specific Grvity of Viscous Mterils by Binghm Pycnometer *D Density nd Specific Grvity of Viscous Mterils by Lipkin Bicpillry Pycnometer *D API Grvity of Crude Petroleum, Petroleum, nd Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)... D Specific Grvity of Gseous Fuels... *D Density, Specific Grvity, or API Grvity of Crude Petroleum nd Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method... *D Specific Grvity of Light Hydrocrbons by Pressure Hydrometer *D Melting Point of Petroleum Wx (Cooling Curve)... *D Drop Melting Point of Petroleum Wx, Including Petroltum. D Solidifiction Point of Benzene... *D Freezing Point of High-Purity Hydrocrbons *D Purity of Hydrocrbons from Freezing Points D T Solidifiction Point of Industril Orgnic Chemicls... *D Interconversion of the Anlysis of C5 nd Lighter Hydrocrbons to Gs-Volume, Liquid-Volume, or Weight Bsis *D Refrctive Index nd Refrctive Dispersion of Hydrocrbon Liquids *D Refrctive Index of Viscous Mterils D Refrctive Index nd Specific Opticl Dispersion of Electricl Insulting Liquids... IP 60/53 Specific Refrctivity... *D Moleculr Weight of Hydrocrbons by Thermoelectric Mesurement of Vpor Pressure *D Viscosity of Trnsprent nd Opque Liquids (Kinemtic nd Dynmic Viscosities) Definitions of Terms Relting to: *E T Density nd Specific Grvity of Solids, Liquids, nd Gses.. Solvency Tests MhodsofTestfon *D D I Dl Aniline Point nd Mixed Aniline Point of Petroleum Products nd Hydrocrbon Solvents Aniline Point nd Mixed Aniline Point of Hydrocrbon Solvents... " Kuri-Butnol Vlue of Hydrocrbon Solvents... " Correltive Methods Methods oftefor: *D D *D *D *D Clcultion of Olefins nd Aromtics in Petroleum Distilltes from Bromine Number nd Acid Absorption Crbon-Type Composition of Insulting Oils of Petroleum Origin Nphthenes in Sturtes Frctions by Refrctivity Intercept. 319 Clcultion of Viscosity-Grvity Constnt (VGC) of Petroleum Oils Estimtion of Moleculr Weight of Petroleum Oils from Viscosity Mesurements Methods of Test for: *D Liquid Chromtogrphic Methods Aromtic Hydrocrbons in Olefin-Free Gsolines by Silic Gel Adsorption See Reference List of ASTM Methods, p. xix. For Contents in Numeric Sequence, see p. xv.

12 CONTENTS xi Methods o/test for: D T PAOE Hydrocrbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indictor Adsorption *D Isoltion of Representtive Sturtes Frction from Low- Olefinic Petroleum Nphths *D Isoltion of Representtive Sturtes Frction From High- Olefinic Petroleum Nphths *D T Chrcteristic Groups in Rubber Extender nd Processing Oils by the Cly-Gel Adsorption Chromtogrphic Method 294 *D Seprtion of Representtive Aromtics nd Nonromtics Frctions of High-Boiling Oils by Elution Chromtogrphy 415 Proposed Method of Test for Hydrocrbon Type Anlysis of Diesel Fuels by Silic Gel Adsorption Gs Chromtogrphic Methods Methods of Test for: *D Anlysis of Commercil Butne-Butylene Mixtures by Gs Chromtogrphy *D Anlysis of Nturl Gs by Gs Chromtogrphy D Anlysis of Reformed Gs by Gs Chromtogrphy D Anlysis of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gses nd Propylene Concentrtes by Gs Chromtogrphy *D Aromtics in Light Nphths, Reformtes, nd Gsolines by Gs Chromtogrphy D T Anlysis of High-Purity n-heptne nd Isooctne by Cpillry Gs Chromtogrphy D Xylene Isomer Anlysis by Gs Chromtogrphy D T Nonromtic Hydrocrbons in Monocyclic Aromtic Hydrocrbons by Gs Chromtogrphy D T Butdiene Dimer nd Styrene in Butdiene Concentrtes by Gs Chromtogrphy *D Determintion of C2 Through C6 Hydrocrbons in Gsoline by Gs Chromtogrphy *D Noncondensble Gses in C nd Lighter Hydrocrbon Products by Gs Chromtogrphy *D Ethylene, Other Hydrocrbons, nd Crbon Dioxide in High-Purity Ethylene D T Butdiene Purity nd Hydrocrbon Impurities by Gs Chromtogrphy D T Anlysis of Nturl Gs-Liquid Mixtures by Gs Chromtogrphy D T Aromtic Trces in Light Sturted Hydrocrbons by Gs Chromtogrphy Proposed Method for Anlysis of Isoprene by Gs Chromtogrphy IP 184/63 Anlysis by Gs Chromtogrphy--C2 to C~ Prffins in Crude Oils... Proposed Method of Test for Hydrocrbon Trces in Propylene Concentrtes by Gs Chromtogrphy Recommended Prctices for: E T Generl Gs Chromtogrphy Procedures E Gs Chromtogrphy Terms nd Reltionships... Methods of Test/or." *D D 1095 *D *D Spectroscopic Methods Benzene nd Toluene by Ultrviolet Spectrophotometry Anlysis of 60 Octne Number Isooctne-Norml Heptne ASTM Knock Test Reference Fuel Blends by Infrred Spec- trophotometry...,~ 1,3-Butdiene in C4 Hydrocrbon Mixtures by Ultrviolet Spectrophotometry Anlysis of Nturl Gses nd Relted Types of Gseous Mixtures by the Mss Spectrometer... b Discontinued 1961; lst ppered in 1958 Book of ASTM Stndrds, Prt 7. For Contents in Numeric Sequence, see p. xv.

13 xii CONTENTS Methods of Test for: PAG~ D T Anlysis of Crburted Wter Gs by the Mss Spectrometer. *D Crbon Number Distribution of Aromtic Compounds in Nphths by Mss Spectrometry *D Nphthlene Hydrocrbons in Avition Turbine Fuels by Ultrviolet Spectrophotometry *D Ultrviolet Absorbnce nd Absorptivity of Petroleum Products D Exmintion of Electricl Insulting Oils by Infrred Absorption... D Evlution of White Minerl Oils by Ultrviolet Absorption. *D Hydrocrbon Types in Propylene Polymer by Mss Spectrometry *D Hydrocrbon Types in Middle Distilltes by Mss Spectrometry D T Isomer Distribution of Stright-Chin Detergent Alkylte by Mss Spectrometry D T Moleculr Distribution Anlysis for Monolkylbenzenes by Mss Spectrometry... 4f9 D T Low-Voltge Mss Spectrometric Anlysis of Propylene Tetrmer D T Chemicl Composition of Gses by Mss Spectrometry Proposed Method of Test for Crbon Number Distribution of Sturte nd Aromtic Clsses in Distillte Wxes by Mss Spectrometry Proposed Method of Test for Individul Hydrocrbons in C4 Frction by Infrred Spectrophotometry Proposed Method of Test for Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, nd Individul Xylenes by Infrred Spectrophotometry Proposed Method of Test for Ortho-Xylene, Met-Xylene, Pr-Xylene, nd Ethylbenzene in Nitrtion Grde Xylenes by Infrred Spectrophotometry Proposed Method of Test for Hydrocrbon Types in Low Olefinic Gsoline by Mss Spectrometry... Proposed Method of Test for Hydrocrbon Types in Olefinic Gsoline by Mss Spectrometry... Recommended Prctices for: E Evlution of Mss Spectrometers for Use in Chemicl Anlysis E Generl Techniques of Infrred Quntittive Anlysis E (1967) Generl Techniques of Ultrviolet Quntittive Anlysis E Identifiction of Mteril by Absorption Spectroscopy Using the Wyndotte-ASTM (Kuentzel) Punched Crd Index.. Definitions of Terms nd Symbols Relting to: E T Moleculr Spectroscopy... Chemicl Methods Methods of Test for: *D Unsulfonted Residue of Petroleum Plnt Spry Oils... *D Butdiene Content of Polymeriztion Grde Butdiene nd Butdiene Concentrte *D Olefinic Plus Aromtic Hydrocrbons in Petroleum Distilltes *D Alph Acetylenes in Butdiene, Butdiene Concentrtes, nd Butne-Butene Mixtures, Silver Nitrte Method *D Butdiene Dimer nd Styrene in Butdiene Concentrtes *D Anlysis of Nturl Gses by the Volumetric-Chemicl Method D 115U Bromine Number of Petroleum Distilltes by Color-Indictor Titrtion *D Bromine Number of Petroleum Distilltes nd Commericl (IP 130/67) Aliphtic Olefins by Electrometric Titrtion c Discontinued 1964; replced by Method D 1159; lst ppered in 1964 Book of ASTM Stndrds, Prt 17. For Contents in Numeric Sequence, see p. xv.

14 CONTENTS xiii Methods of Test for: rage *D Unsturted Light Hydrocrbons (Silver-Mercuric Nitrte Method) D (1956) Bromine Index of Aromtic Hydrocrbons by Potentiometric Titrtion D (1966) Bromine Index of Aromtic Hydrocrbons by Coulometric Titrtion *D T Chrcteristic Groups in Rubber Extender nd Processing Oils by the Precipittion Method Proposed Method for Anlysis for Trces of Acetylene in High-Purity Ethylene (Silver Nitrte Method) Methods ofte~fo~ *D D *D *D D *Dl D T *D *D D T *D D T *D IP 127/51 ES - 46 SpedficHonjor: E Miscellneous Methods Non-Hydrocrbon Constituents MhodsofTestfor: *D Sulfur in Petroleum Products by the Bomb Method... D (1958) Thiophene in Benzene... D Trces of Thiophene in Benzene Using Istin nd Spectro- *D *D *D *D *D *D T (IP 107/65 T) D T *D *D *D D E Specifiction for: E Distilltion of Petroleum Products... Acid Wsh Color of Industril Aromtic Hydrocrbons... Seprtion of Residue From Bntdiene Nonvoltile Residue in Polymeriztion Grde Butdiene... Distilltion Rnge of Voltile Orgnic Liquids... Distilltion t Reduced Pressure of Petroleum Products... Clcultion of Volume nd Weight of Industril Aromtic Hydrocrbons... Voltility of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gses... Depentniztion of Gsoline nd Nphths Polymer Content of Styrene Monomer Residues in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gses... Acid Wsh Color of Refined Grde Nphthlene... Het of Combustion of Hydrocrbon Fuels by Bomb Clorimeter (High-Precision Method)... Distilltion of Hydrocrbon Gses--Low-Temperture Frctiontion... Emergency Method of Test for Benzene, Toluene, nd Higher- Boiling Aromtics in Avition Gsoline... Distilltion Equipment... photometry... Hydrogen in Petroleum Frctions... - Oxygen in Light Hydrocrbon Vpors... Peroxide Content of Light Hydrocrbons... Mercptn Sulfur in Avition Turbine Fuels (Color-Indictor Method)... Mercptn Sulfur in Avition Turbine Fuels (Amperometric nd Potentiometric Methods) Sulfur in Petroleum Products nd Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gses (Lmp Method)... Sulfur in Petroleum Oils (Qurtz-Tube Method)... Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High-Temperture Method).. Hydrogen Sulfide nd Mercptn Sulfur in Nturl Gs (Cdmium Sulfte-Iodometric Titrtion Method)... Hydrogen Sulfide in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gses (Led Acette Method)... Sulfur in Petroleum Products (X-Ry Spectrogrphic Method)... Totl Nitrogen in Orgnic Mterils by Modified Kjeldhl Method... Apprtus for Microdetermintion of Crbon nd Hydrogen in Orgnic nd Orgno-Metllic Compounds... For Contents in Numeric Sequence, see p. xv.

15 CONTENTS IN NUMERIC SEQUENCE ASTM STANDARDS RELATING TO HYDROCARBON ANALYSIS PAGE *D Test for Viscosity of Trnsprent nd Opque Liquids (Kinemtic nd Dynmic Viscosities) *D Test for Aniline Point nd Mixed Aniline Point of Petroleum Products nd Hydrocrbon Solvents *D Clcultion of Olefins nd Aromtics in Petroleum Distilltes from Bromine Number nd Acid Absorption *D Test for Aromtic Hydrocrbons in Olefin-Free Gsolines by Silic Gel Adsorption *D Test for Density nd Specific Grvity of Liquids by Lipkin Bicpillry Pycnometer *D Test for Butdiene Content of Polymeriztion Grde Butdiene nd Butdiene Concentrte *D Test for Freezing Point of High-Purity Hydrocrbons *D Test for Purity of Hydrocrbons from Freezing Points *D Test for Benzene nd Toluene by Ultrviolet Spectrophotometry 124 *D Test for Olefinic Plus Aromtic Hydrocrbons in Petroleum (IP 145/65) Distilltes *D Test for Alph Acetylenes in Butdiene, Butdiene Concentrtes, nd Butne-Butene Mixtures, Silver Nitrte Method *D Test for Seprtion of Residue from Butdiene *D Test for Butdiene Dimer nd Styrene in Butdiene Concentrtes 150 *D Test for 1,3-Butdiene in C4 Hydrocrbon Mixtures by Ultrviolet Spectrophotometry *D Anlysis of Nturl Gses by the Volumetric-Chemicl Method *D Test for Bromine Number of Petroleum Distilltes nd Com- (IP 130/67) mercil Aliphtic Olefins by Electrometric Titrtion *D Test for Density nd Specific Grvity of Liquids by Binghm Pycnometer *D Test for Refrctive Index nd Refrctive Dispersion of Hydrocrbon Liquids *D Test for Unsturted Light Hydrocrbons (Silver-Mercuric Nitrte Method) 194 D T Test for Hydrocrbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indictor Adsorption (Tenttive) *D Test for Density nd Specific Grvity of Viscous Mterils by Binghm Pycnometer *D Test for Density nd Specific Grvity of Viscous Mterils by Lipkin Bicpillry Pycnometer D (1966) Test for Bromine Index of Aromtic Hydrocrbons by Potentiometric Titrtion D (1966) Test for Bromine Index of Aromtic Hydrocrbons by Coulometric Titrtion *D Test for Specific Grvity of Light Hydrocrbons by Pressure Hydrometer *Approved s USA Stndrd by the USA Stndrds Institute. XV

16 XVi CONTENTS IN NUI~ERIC SEQUENCE *D *D *D *D *D D *D *D *D *D T *D T *D D T D *D D *D D T D D T *D *D *D D T *D D T *D *D *D *D *D *D D T D T PAGE Test for Crbon Number Distribution of Aromtic Compounds in Nphths by Mss Spectrometry Anlysis of Commercil Butne-Butylene Mixtures by Gs Chromtogrphy Test for Refrctive Index of Viscous Mterils Test for Nphthlene Hydrocrbons in Avition Turbine Fuels by Ultrviolet Spectrophotometry Anlysis of Nturl Gs by Gs Chromtogrphy Anlysis of Reformed Gs by Gs Chromtogrphy Test for Depentniztion of Gsoline nd Nphths Isoltion of Representtive Sturtes Frction from Low- Olefinic Petroleum Nphths Isoltion of Representtive Sturtes Frction from High- Olefinic Petroleum Nphths Test for Chrcteristic Groups in Rubber Extender nd Processing Oils by the Precipittion Method (Tenttive) Test for Chrcteristic Groups in Rubber Extender nd Processing Oils by the Cly-Gel Adsorption Chromtogrphic Method (Tenttive) Test for Ultrviolet Absorbnce nd Absorptivity of Petroleum Products Tests for Polymer Content of Styrene Monomer (Tenttive). 312 Test for Crbon-Type Composition of Insulting Oils of Petroleum Origin Test for Nphthenes in Sturtes Frctions by Refrctivity Intercept Anlysis of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gses nd Propylene Concentrtes by Gs Chromtogrphy Test for Aromtics in Light Nphths, Reformtes, nd Gsolines by Gs Chromtogrphy Anlysis of High-Purity n-heptne nd I s o o c t n e by Cpillry Gs Chromtogrphy (Tenttive) Xylene Isomer Anlysis by Gs Chromtogrphy Test for Nonromtic Hydrocrbons in Monocyclic Aromtic Hydrocrbons by Gs Chromtogrphy (Tenttive) Test for Interconversion of the Anlysis of C5 nd Lighter Hydrocrbons to Gs-Volume, Liquid-Volume, or Weight Bsis Test for Hydrocrbon Types in Propylene Polymer by Mss Spectrometry Test for Hydrocrbon Types in Middle Distilltes by Mss Spectrometry Test for Butdiene Dimer nd Styrene in Butdiene Concentrtes by Gs Chromtogrphy (Tenttive) Determintion of C~ Through C~ Hydrocrbons in Gsoline by Gs Chromtogrphy Test for Isomer Distribution of StrMght-ChMn Detergent Alkylte by Mss Spectrometry (Tenttive) Clcultion of Viscosity-Grvity Constnt (VGC) of Petroleum Oils Estimtion of Moleculr Weight of Petroleum Oils from Viscosity Mesurements Test for Moleculr Weight of Hydrocrbons by Thermoelectric Mesurement of Vpor Pressure Test for Noncondensble Gses in C~ nd Lighter Hydrocrbon Products by Gs Chromtogrphy Test for Ethylene, Other Hydrocrbons, nd Crbon Dioxide in High-Purity Ethylene Seprtion of Representtive Aromtics nd Nonromtics Frctions of High-Boiling Oils by Elution Chromtogrphy Test for Moleculr Distribution Anlysis for Monolkylbenzenes by Mss Spectrometry (Tenttive) Test for Butdiene Purity nd Hydrocrbon Impurities by Gs Chromtogrphy (Tenttive)

17 CONTENTS IN NUMERIC SEQUENCE xvii D T Anlysis of Nturl Gs-Liquid Mixtures by Gs Chromtogrphy (Tenttive) D T Test for Aromtic Trces in Light Sturted Hydrocrbons by Gs Chromtogrphy (Tenttive) D T Low-Voltge Mss Spectrometric Anlysis of Propylene Tetrmer (Tenttive) D T Test for Chemicl Composition of Gses by Mss Spectrometry (Tenttive) E Rec. Prctice for Evlution of Mss Spectrometers for Use in Chemicl Anlysis E Rec. Prctices for Generl Techniques of Infrred Quntittive Anlysis E (1967) Rec. Prctices for Generl Techniques of Ultrviolet Quntittive Anlysis E T Rec. Prctice for Generl Gs Chromtogrphy Procedures (Tenttive) Proposed Method of Test for Individul Hydrocrbons in C4 Frction by Infrred Spectrophotometry Proposed Method of Test for Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, nd Individul Xylenes by Infrred Spectrophotometry Proposed Method of Test for Ortho-Xylene, Met-Xylene, Pr-Xylene, nd Ethylbenzene in Nitrtion Grde Xylenes by Infrred Spectrophotometry Proposed Method for Anlysis for Trces of Acetylene in High-Purity Ethylene (Silver Nitrte Method) Proposed Method for Anlysis of Isoprene by Gs Chromtogrphy Proposed Method of Test for Hydrocrbon Type Anlysis of Diesel Fuels by Silic Gel Adsorption Proposed Method of Test for Hydrocrbon Trces in Propylene Concentrtes by Gs Chromtogrphy Proposed Method of Test for Crbon Number Distribution of Sturte nd Aromtic Clsses in Distillte Wxes by Mss Spectrometry Former Method D 1158, Test for Bromine Number of Petroleum Distilltes by Color-Indictor Titrtion% PAGE Discontinued 1964; replced by Method D 1159; lst ppered in 1964 Book, of ASTM Stndrds, Prt 17.

18 *D D (1958) *D *D *D *D *D T (IP 107/65 T) *D D T *D D *D *D D E E REFERENCE LIST OF ASTM METHODS Non-Hydrocrbon Constituents PART NO. Test for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by the Bomb Method.. 17, 18 Test for Thiophene in Benzene Test for Hydrogen in Petroleum Frctions Test for Oxygen in Light Hydrocrbon Vpors Test for Peroxide Content of Light Hydrocrbons Test for Mercptn Sulfur in Avition Turbine Fuels (Color- Indictor Method) Test for Sulfur in Petroleum Products nd Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gses (Lmp Method) (Tenttive)... 17, 18 Tests for Mercptn Sulfur in Avition Turbine Fuels (Amperometric nd Potentiometric Methods) Test for Sulfur in Petroleum Oils (Qurtz-Tube Method) (Tenttive) Test for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High-Temperture Method)... 17, 18 Test for Trces of Thiophene in Benzene Using Istin nd Spectrophotometry Test for Hydrogen Sulfide nd Mercptn Sulfur in Nturl Gs (Cdmium Sulfte-Iodometric Titrtion Method) Test for Hydrogen Sulfide in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gses (Led Acette Method) Test for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (X-Ry Spectrogrphic Method) Spec. for Apprtus for Microdetermintion of Crbon nd Hydrogen in Orgnic nd Orgno-Metllic Compounds Test for Totl Nitrogen in Orgnic Mterils by Modified Kjeldhl Method Miscellneous *D Test for Distilltion of Petroleum Products... 17, 20 *D Test for Melting Point of Petroleum Wx (Cooling Curve) *D Test for Drop Melting Point of Petroleum Wx, Including Petroltum *D Test for API Grvity of Crude Petroleum, Petroleum, nd Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)... 17, 18 *D Test for Unsulfonted Residue of Petroleum Plnt Spry Oils D Test for Acid Wsh Color of Industril Aromtic Hydrocrbons D Test for Solidifiction Point of Benzene D Test for Aniline Point nd Mixed Aniline Point of Hydrocrbon Solvents... 17, 20 *D Test for Nonvoltile Residue in Polymeriztion Grde Butdiene D Tests for Specific Grvity of Gseous Fuels D Test for Distilltion Rnge of Voltile Orgnic Liquids D 1095 Test for Anlysis of 60 Octne Number Isooctne-Norml Heplne ASTM Knock Test Reference Fuel Blends by Infrred Spectropkotometry... D Test for Kuri-Butnol Vlue of Hydrocrbon Solvents *Approved s USA Stndrd by the USA Stndrds Institute. Discontinued 1961; lst ppered in 1958 Book of ASTM Stndrds, Prt 7. xix

19 xx REFERENCE LIST OF ASTM METHODS PART NO. *D Anlysis of Nturl Gses nd Relted Types of Gseous Mixtures by the Mss Spectrometer *D Test for Distilltion t Reduced Pressure of Petroleum Products... 17, 18 *D Test for Density, Specific Grvity, or API Grvity of Crude Petroleum nd Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method... 17, 18 D T Anlysis of Crbureted Wter Gs by the Mss Spectrometer (Tenttive) D T Test for Solidifiction Point of Industril Orgnic Chemicls (Tenttive) D T Clcultion of Volume nd Weight of Industril Aromtic Hydrocrbons (Tenttive)... 18, 20 D Test for Refrctive Index nd Specific Opticl Dispersion of Electricl Insulting Liquids *D Test for Voltility of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gses... 18, 19 D Exmintion of Electricl Insulting Oils by Infrred Absorption *D Test for Residues in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gses D Evlution of White Minerl Oils by Ultrviolet Absorption.. 18 D T Test for Acid Wsh Color of Refined Grde Nphthlene (Tenttive) *D Test for Het of Combustion of Hydrocrbon Fuels by Bomb Clorimeter (High-Precision Method) *E T Def. of Terms Relting to Density nd Specific Grvity of Solids, Liquids, nd Gses (Tenttive) E T Def. of Terms nd Symbols Relting to Moleculr Spectroscopy (Tenttive) E Spec. for Distilltion Equipment... 17, 30 E Rec. Prctices for Identifiction of Mteril by Absorption Spectroscopy Using the Wyndotte-ASTM (Kuentzel) Punched Crd Index E Rec. Prctice for Gs Chromtogrphy Terms nd Reltionships ES-46 Emergency Method of Test for Benzene, Toluene, nd Higher-Boiling Aromtics in Avition Gsoline... Proposed Rec. Prctice for Appliction of Precision Dt to Methods of Test nd to Specifictions for Petroleum Products nd Lubricnts (Appendix VII--1966).. c IP 60/53 Specific Refrctivity... IP 127/51 Distilltion of Hydrocrbon Gses---Low-Temperture Frctiontion... IP 184/63 Anlysis by Gs Chromtogrphy--C2 to C5 Prffins in Crude Oils... Proposed Method of Test for Hydrocrbon Types in Low Olefinic Gsoline by Mss Spectrometry... Proposed Method of Test for Hydrocrbon Types in Olefinic Gsoline by Mss Spectrometry... e o Discontinued 1946; lst ppered in 1944 Book of ASTM Stndrds, Prt III. c 1968 Book of ASTM Stndrds, Prt 18. d Avilble fronl Institute of Petroleum, London, Englnd. e Compiltion of ASTM Stndrds on Petroleum Products nd Lubricnts, Vol. I, October, 1961.