EU focuses on green fans

Transcription

1 gettyimages/steve Che 9

2 Fas i GreeTech EC techology exceed the legal specificatios By adoptig the Kyoto Protocol, the Europea Uio has udertake to reduce CO2 emissios by at least 20 % by Oe measure for achievig this is the EuP directive (Eergyusig Products directive) adopted by the EU i 2005, which was reamed the ErP directive (Eergy-Related Products directive) i 2009 ad is also referred to (i Germay) as the eco-desig directive. Withi its framework, the savigs potetial of eergy-relevat products are examied ad miimum requiremets are defied. For exam - ple, i the field of lightig, this has already had cocrete impact: 100 W ad 75 W bulbs have already offi - cially disappeared from the market. Now, madatory limits applicable for fas were defied i Jue Whe the ErP directive becomes effective for fas, fa maufacturers will be required to desig their products for the Europea market to comply with defied efficiecy sta dards to make a importat cotributio to reducig eergy cosumptio. This will affect all fas i the power rage from 125 W to 500 kw, regard - less of whether or ot they are operated as sigle uits or as itegrated com - poets withi a system. This cocers all coceivable applicatios, from refrigeratio ad air-coditioig techology through to mechaical egieerig ad IT applicatios. P 1 í Two-stage pla with strict stadards The EU has specified a two-stage pla with strict stadards to keep eergy-burers off of the Europea market i the future. The first stage will become effective o 1 Jauary Some 30 % of all fas curretly o the market will the o loger satisfy Europea regulatios. I the secod stage, from 2015, aother 20 % will be replaced by more efficiet products. These will satisfy the specified miimum efficiecy levels. The user ca recogise fas that satisfy the requiremets of the directive by the CE sig, which will the give eergy efficiecy the same sigificace as compliace with the low-voltage ad EMC directives. Labellig i the way practiced with washig machies, refrigerators etc. is ot plaed for fas as the fa maufacturers usually have o ifluece over the istallatio coditios. Challegig limits To decide whether a fa is compliat with the ErP directive, the efficiecy of the complete, ready-to-use fa is assessed, i. e. the uit comprisig cotrol electroics (if fitted), motor ad fa impeller (see Fig. 1). The correspodig limits have bee set very high. Figure 2 illustrates the limits that are set to become valid i Cotrol electroics Motor Fa impeller Fa í V p Fig. 1: To decide whether a fa satisfies the ErP Directive, the efficiecy of the complete fa is assessed, i. e. the uit of cotrol electroics (if fitted), motor ad fa impeller. 10

3 2013 ad 2015, show i the form of black lies. At the same time, the efficiecy of covetioal cetrifugal fas from ebm-papst s broad product rage are etered i the diagram. The efficiecy cloud shows that ot all fas satisfy the future requiremets. But it ca also be see that for every fa that will o loger be per - mitted i the future, there is already a eergy-efficiet replace - met that ot oly fulfils the specificatios of the directive, but actually exceeds them. For axial fas, forward ad backward curved cetrifugal fas, tagetial blowers ad diagoal fas, the EU has specified the correspodig formulas with which the respective miimum efficiecy ca be calculated. I the assessmet, differet power rages ad moutig coditios are take ito accout for the measuremets (see Fig. 3). The target efficiecy, that is the cocrete specificatio for a axial fa i the power rage from kw to 10 kw, ca be calculated usig the followig formula: Miimum efficiecy ηmi = 2.74 x l (power iput P1 i kw) N. Where N is a costat defied i the directive. For Efficiecy Ü Power rage Ü stat ebm-papst cetrifugal fas, forward curved, with scroll housig ErP stat 2013 ErP stat 2015 Fig. 2: The efficiecy cloud shows that may fas exceed the values demaded. axial fas, this will have the value 36 from 1 Jauary 2013 ad 40 from 1 Jauary This factor ca be looked upo as a kid of political settig screw for a further tighteig of requiremets i Axial fa Fa type Cetrifugal fa, forward curved ad Cetrifugal fa with radial blade eds Cetrifugal fa, backward curved without housig Cetrifugal fa, backward curved with housig Diagoal fa Istallatio situatio (A-D) Efficiecy (static or overall) A, C Tagetial blower Power rage P 1 Miimum efficiecy i kw = 4.56 I(P 1) N = 4.56 I(P 1) N =1.14 l(p 1) -2.6+N = N Efficiecy N Efficiecy N Fig. 3: To determie the efficiecy, the EU specifies the relevat formulas that are used to calculate the miimum efficiecy for each type of fa. 11

4 the future. For the HyBlade axial fa illustrated i Figure 4 with a drive output of 0.69 kw at optimal operatig poit, the formula states that a efficiecy of at least % must be achieved from 2013 ad at least % from 2015, based o the static pressure icrease. The curve idicates 40 % efficiecy, which is already substatially higher tha the miimum require - met for This fa thus already satisfies the future specificatios. ebm-papst fas covice with eergy efficiecy, reliability ad durability The future belogs to EC techology The efficiecy cloud shows examp - les of just how demadig the limits specified by the ERP directive are. Agaist this backgroud, the EC techology developed some years ago by ebm-papst is the first choice for electrically powered fas. Com - pared to covetioal fas with asychroous motors (AC techology), EC motors achieve a efficiecy of more tha 90 %. That meas eergy cosump - tio up to 50 % lower compared to AC solutios. Moreover, the speed of EC fas ca be cotrolled so that the air volume ca be adapted to suit the specific requiremets, which also results i further substatial eergy savigs. Thaks to the successful iteractio of motor, elec - troics ad aerodyamics, ebm-papst s EC fas do ot just covice with respect to their eergy efficiecy. They also work extremely quietly thaks to their optimised commutatio techiques ad the aerodyamic cofiguratio of the impellers. Fig. 4: HyBlade axial fa i EC techology, which ot oly fulfils the strict eergy efficiecy requiremets, but actually substatially exceeds them. Ad o top of everythig, they also covice with their reliability ad durability. Directive for motors What applies to fas also applies i priciple to electric motors. I this cotext there is ofte a lack of clarity leadig to misuderstadigs. The fact is that electric motors are required to achieve at least efficiecy class IE2 from Jue 2011 i accordace with Europea Uio directive o. 2009/640/EC (ErP directive). Oly 12

5 Efficiecy Ü EC: 2-pole Shaft power Ü EC: 4-pole EC: 6-pole Fig. 5: EC motors (gree) substatially exceed the efficiecy level required by the directive for AC motors (other colours). IE3: 4-pole IE3: 2-pole IE3: 4-pole IE3: 6-pole IE3: 2-pole IE3: 6-pole the will these motors be permitted to remai o the market i Europe. However, ot all of the stadard motors today will be affected by this directive. The directive defies a motor as a electric sigle speed, three-phase 50 Hz or 50/60 Hz, squirrel cage iductio motor that has 2, 4 or 6-poles, a rated voltage of up to 1000 V ad a rated output betwee 0.75 kw ad 375 kw. EC exteral rotor motors like the oes used to drive eergy-efficiet fas are therefore ot subject to this directive. Nevertheless, their efficiecy ca still be compared to the values stipulated i the directive. Here, it becomes clear that EC motors already substatially exceed the efficiecy levels demaded (see Fig. 5). This shows that EC motor techology is the better alterative whe plaig eergyefficiet devices ad istallatios. Dipl. Ig. (FH) Uwe Sigloch Head of Market Maagemet Vetilatio ad Air-Coditioig ebm-papst Mulfige GmbH & Co. KG 13