INTRODUCTION TO THE ORDERED FAMILIES OF CONSTRUCTIONS

Transcription

1 Iteratioal Joural of Moder Maufacturig Techologies ISSN , Vol. VI, No. 2 / 2014 INTRODUCTION TO THE ORDERED FAMILIES OF CONSTRUCTIONS Domii Rabszty 1 1 Silesia Uiversity of Techology i Gliwice, Departmet of Mechaical Egieerig Koarsiego 18a Street, Gliwice, Polad Correspodig author: Domii Rabszty, domii.rabszty@polsl.pl Abstract: The article aims at familiarizig the Reader with the method of creatig ordered costructio families i the form of series of types ad modular systems. The method is beig developed i the Istitute of Costructio, Maagemet ad Maufacture of the Silesia Uiversity of Techology i Gliwice. The publicatio presets the method of orderig the existig costructio families, as well as describes stages of creatig costructio families from scratch. It lists ad describes the stages of the desig ad costructio process of creatig ew techical meas i the form of series of types ad modular systems. The paper provides a defiitio of quatitative ad qualitative characteristics, which are the basics of costructio solutios diversificatio i the give ordered costructio family. Key words: ordered family of costructios, series of types, modular systems, desig ad costructio process of creatig the families of costructios. 1. INTRODUCTION Competitiveess o the dyamically chagig maret may oly be retaied by meetig the expectatios of Cliets. The acceleratig techical developmet poses sigificat ad difficult challeges for the desigers ad desig egieers. They have little time to develop the techical measures adjusted to the demads of the Cliets, taig ito accout the criteria resultig from the techical advisability as well as ecoomic ad techical feasibility (Dietrych, 1985; Dietrych 1995). I order to succeed i today s maret ecoomy, the desig ad costructio process caot be oly limited to the developmet of just oe costructio of the techical measure (Beitz ad Paul, 1984; Osisi ad Wróbel, 1995; Tarowsi, 1997). Oe should aim at creatig sets of costructios ecompassig the broad spectrum of demads for the particular class of techical measures (Gedarz ad Cielia, 2013; Gedarz, 2013). The best way to satisfy a wide rage of eeds with o icrease i time ad productio costs is to use the ordered families of costructios, such as series of types ad modular systems DEFINITION OF CONSTRUCTION FAMILY A costructio family RK (Gedarz, 2009) is uderstood as a set of techical meas desigs Ks {s ;(=1,z)} that is assiged to a set of defied eeds Po {po i ;(i=1,iz)} ad correspods with the idetical geeral system SO. Po { po ;( i 1, iz)} Ks { s ;( 1, z)} RK (1) i A example of costructio families is a set of desigs of: electric motors, gear drives, peumatic or hydraulic cyliders etc. 3. PROCESS OF ORDERING FAMILIES OF CONSTRUCTIONS Orderig families of costructios may ivolve the existig costructio families where we ca observe the excessive diversificatio of the desig characteristics. This process is udertae, above all, due to the perceptible effects of the excessive diversificatio of the existig techical measures characterized by the idetical geeral system. Trasitio from the uordered family of costructios to the ordered oe requires trasformatio o two levels: the level of eeds ad the level of costructio. I case of the level of eeds we are talig about the Cartesia product of the characteristic features CCH. However, i case of the level of costructio we are dealig with the Cartesia product of the desig features CK (Gedarz 2013). Figure 1 presets the status of the costructio family before ad after the process of orderig. I the uordered family of costructios, oe eed correspods with the subset of the techical measure desig. This assigmet is the sig of the ujustified diversificatio of costructios. Po { po ;( i 1, iz)} Ks { s ;( 1, z)}, iz<z (2) j where: iz a umber of eeds, z a umber of costructios.

2 The result of the process of orderig costructio families is the ordered set of eeds ad the set of optimally diversified costructios, where oe eed correspods to precisely oe costructio. u u u u Po { po ;( i 1, iz)} Ks { s ;( 1, z)}, iz z (3) j The preseted correlatio provides the precoditio for the process of orderig the costructio family. Aother method of orderig is creatig the costructio from scratch, with the bechmar costructio set as a referece poit that is verified both theoretically ad practically. This solutio allows the elimiatio of ujustified diversificatio of costructio features i the earliest stage of creatig the costructio families. eeds ad sets of costructios ad specify the iterdepedecies betwee them. 4. A DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PROCESS IN CREATING OF CONSTRUCTION FAMILIES With a traditioal desig ad costructio process (pr - s), a defied eed po is assiged to oe techical meas desig. A pr s process is udertae idividually for each subsequet, defied eed. The process of creatig ordered costructio families begis with examiig the ordered set of eeds po i (i=1,i ), that eeds to be satisfied by the optimally diversified set of desigs Ks i (i=1,i ). Fig. 2 presets a desig ad costructio process of creatig a ordered costructio family. Fig. 1. Process of orderig a family of costructios, (Gedarz, 2009) The results of the process of orderig costructio families may be preseted i the form of (Gedarz 2009): sets of repeatable costructios, series of types, modular systems, catalog ad stadardised costructios. The terms defied for the process of creatig costructio families should clearly separate sets of 86 Fig. 2. The desig costructio process of creatig the desig family (Gedarz, 2009) A desig ad costructio process of creatig a costructio family (both series of types ad modular costructio systems) should begi with defiig the ordered sets of eeds that the eed to be formulated ito desig ad costructio objectives. The objectives pr s are determied cosiderig the followig: descriptio of the plaed techical meas operatio priciple, registered i the form of geeral system SO ad optimal diversificatio of the characteristic features CCH J.

3 Characteristic features CCH J are the features that the plaed product will be characterized by due to its coectio to the eviromet. They correspod with the situatio ad quatitative data ad are closely related to the defied costructio family RK. Most of all, these features ifluece the selectio of desig features CK s, ad at the same time have impact o the desig diversity withi types of series or modular costructio systems. Characteristic features have bee divided ito qualitative ad quatitative characteristics. Qualitative characteristics iclude situatio data of desig ad costructio objectives, such as: purpose of a give techical meas, operatio coditios, assembly method, positio etc. They mostly ifluece the variability of qualitative characteristics i the formed costructio family. Quatitative characteristics, defied as parameters Pa a of the costructed family of costructios, quatitatively represet the eeds po i. The characteristics iclude: torque, liear or rotatioal speed, trasmitted force, overload figure etc. Parameters are defied by meas of real umbers ad ifluece the selectio of quatitative characteristics (values of geometry ad material related dimesios). They have the operatioal meaig i the process of creatig ad applyig series of types ad modular costructio systems. The basis of the desig process is defiig the costructed techical meas, which meas determiig the couplig ad trasformatio relatios as precisely as possible. The results of the desig of process are sets of specified systems su, whose degree detail depeds mostly o the degree of complexity of the plaed techical meas. Depedig o the experiece ad creativity of desigers, differet cocepts of the detailed systems are created ad they are used as a basis for system structure SS of the costructio family. System structure is the basis of the proper selectio of desig features for the plaed techical meas compoets. The costructio process ivolves defiig geometry, material ad assembly related desig features (Gedarz 2009). Durig the process, all the features essetial to maufacture the future techical meas ad satisfyig the performace, maufacturig ad recirculatio related criteria, as well as desig ad costructio objectives, are defied. This applies both to qualitative ad quatitative desig features. The result of the costructio process are ordered sets of costructios that, due to the defied geeral system, ca be divided ito costructio families RK ad are saved i the form of the costructio documetatio. 5. PHASES OF THE PROCESS OF CREATING ORDERED CONSTRUCTION FAMILY The process of creatig ordered costructio families icludes the preparatory ad mai phases. Fig. 3 presets preparatory phases of creatig the ordered costructio family. Fig. 3. The preparatory stages i the creatio of a desig family of costructio (Gedarz, 2009) 87

4 Preparatory phases refer to the aalysis of the existig desig solutios for costructio families. The followig preparatory phases ca be distiguished (Gedarz 2009): choosig the existig costructio family to be ordered or choosig the model costructio, that will be used as a baselie to create a ew, ordered costructio family, aalysis of the feature diversity of the existig RK based o: system structure aalysis, hierarchical ad variat structures ad record of the characteristics variability ad desig solutios assessmet. The mai phases i the process of creatig are formed by such processes as (Gedarz 2009): uificatio assigmet ad restrictio of the characteristics values, typificatio choosig desig solutios treated as bidig i a give costructio family, creatig typical costructio forms of the costructio family elemets, developig the basic dimesio system, selectig values of costructio elemets dimesios, optimizatio of the dimesio values diversificatio, defiig rules of selectig (simple ad complex) ordered costructio family elemets, record of the costructio family i the form of costructio documetatio. Fig. 4 presets the mai phases of creatig ordered costructio families. Fig. 4. The mai stages of creatig a desig family (Gedarz, 2009) 88

5 The result of the preseted phases is the created costructio family i the form of series of types or modular systems. 6. CONSTRUCTION SERIES OF TYPES I the desig ad costructio process, where costat qualitative characteristics occur for the etire costructio family ad the variable parameters are the quatitative characteristics, it is ratioal ad justified to create costructio families i the form of series of types. A series of types for the costructio Ts was defied as assiged to the set of uified eeds { }, a set of techical meas desigs { } with a costat geometric form ad variable dimesios values (, created followig the simple rules of selectig type series for the elemets (Gedarz 2013). { } { } (7) Variability of the quatitative characteristics depeds, above all, o the variability of parameters values for the compoets of costructio series of types. Fig. 5 presets the series of types for the grippers used i hydraulic valves. 7. MODULAR CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS I the desig ad costructio process of creatig the ordered costructio families for the wide spectrum of characteristics variability CCH j (both qualitative ad quatitative characteristics), it is seldom possible to obtai oly oe costructio form t. Most commoly, we obtai several variats of costructio forms, which is characteristic for the modular costructio systems (Gedarz, 2013). A modular costructio system SM is a set of diversified costructio modules { } with the complex rules of their selectio. [{ } ] { } (8) The reaso why the geometric form varies i modular costructio systems is the varyig qualitative characteristics. A example of the peumatic cyliders modular system has bee preseted i Fig. 6. Fig. 6. A modular system of hydraulic cyliders (Gedarz, 2009) Fig. 5. Series of types of vice grippers (Gedarz, 2009) The process of creatig costructio series of types ivolves orderig the set of eeds ad the set of desigs to the form of a series of types. I this process, both characteristic features ad qualitative characteristics udergo trasformatio. Cotrary to modular costructio systems, series of types are characterized by the lac of costructio solutios variability. 89 Modular costructios are characterized by the sigificat variability ad flexibility of the costructio solutios applicatio. 8. CONCLUSIONS The publicatio presets the structured method of creatig the ordered costructio families i the form of series of types ad modular systems. The preseted methodology has bee practically verified usig the example of costructio families of hydraulic cyliders, gripper togs ad clutches. Series of types ad modular

6 costructio systems, created accordig to the preseted methodology, prove the accuracy of this methodology. Curretly, the preseted methodology is beig developed i the aspect of creatig ordered costructio families o the basis of the parameterized model costructio ad Theory of Costructio Similarity (Gedarz 2009, Gedarz ad Cielia 2013). I relatio to the described problem, it is worth metioig the achievemets of the research group uder the supervisio of prof. dr hab. iż. Piotr Gedarz, a log stadig employee of the Istitute of Egieerig Processes Automatio ad Itegrated Maufacturig Systems at the Silesia Uiversity of Techology i Gliwice, i the area of creatig ordered costructio families based o the Theory of Costructio Similarity, dimesios values aggregatio usig theory of automatic classificatio ad parametric costructio record. (Gedarz 2013). REFERENCES 1. Beitz W., Pahl G., (1984). Costructio sciece, pp WNT, (Warsaw) i Polish. 2. Dietrych J., (1985). System ad costructio, pp WNT, (Warsaw), i Polish. 3. Dietrych J., (1995). Machies costructio basis, pp WNT, (Warsaw) i Polish. 4.Gedarz P., Cielia M., (2013). Costructio series of types. Applicatio of costructioal similatiy ad costs model, pp Publisher of Silesia Uiversity of Techology, (Gliwice) i Polish. 5. Gedarz P., (2013). Parametrical legacy of ordered families of machies desiges, pp Publisher of Silesia Uiversity of Techology, (Gliwice) i Polish. 6. Gedarz P., (2009). Flexible modular systems, pp Publisher of Silesia Uiversity of Techology, (Gliwice) i Polish. 7. Osisi Z., Wrobel J., (1995). Costructio Theory, pp PWN, (Warsaw) i Polish. 8. Tarowsi W., (1997). Basis of techical desig, WNT, (Warsaw) i Polish. Received: Jue 15, 2014 / Accepted: December 10, 2014 / Paper available olie: December 15, 2014 Iteratioal Joural of Moder Maufacturig Techologies. 90