»wnb ñ{²ra. An» k Ç An»½Bª ǵAn ½ÀÇî

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1 * ( Ao½A»ª î nak«rbîà A ²B zµ sq nb½jbtwa)»äbªw ºk «kø¼w ³«k «1»µB T«nj /SwA 2 nbt }¼hzU 1 T«nj «B{ BMp xpajoq yhm ½oU «¼ du T«Ø k M ³ ª] c w nj An T«,S Be ½A nj,³ B½An /SwA ±d c w nj pa yhm ½A nj ¼ du/j±{»«²jb TwA q¼» ¼{B«ª]oU nj T«± «nj pa /k»«/k{ pb C ºjÀ¼«jBTzµ µj oia A pa BMp xpajoq An» k Ç An»½Bª ǵAn ½ÀÇî»ØTÇe, BÇî»wB¼ Ç«nj /jnaj ºA²joTv ß» í«t«joªç{ T«A±U»«An oµ nbltîa ½A ³M /@(Crystal 1992, p. 387) k A±i T«A±U»«Bǽ» í½ 3»L¼ ou B½ k A ¼vM B½ Bµ²rA /jaj ¼ªíU q¼ ³ª p±e ³M An T«± «nj ra±ñu k a pa k A²k¼`¼Q B½ k A²kz ³TiBw 4 (ra±ñu) naj» í«ß¾q] k a pa k A²jBw Ao]A Ao½A»ª î nak«rbîà A ²B zµ sq Bw@nB a Rk«³M ³ ²j±M»eo xpajoçq nbç nj Ø ±«ºA³Mo\U»wnB BMp o Òæ ßk ª{±µ naq A o ¼Tvh ñ{²ra naq A o /SwA ²k{ /SwA ²j±ÇM C u½± ³«B oçm ºp n±ç jajo Ç«tk Ç«bo ½A n BzÄBL BL ½k A¾Àî /SwA BMp ½A ZAohTÇwA» BMoÇ BÇ A,»wB { BMp ºoT j n j B½±\z Aj,²o BL½o»TîB æ ³¼ o«an ³¼ Ø A ºBµ²jAj /SwA ³T{Aj ²k î ³M An B C ºnAm q«n»½b ß»v½± ²kîB nb q¼» Ajq½ otv /k 1) text understanding 2) speech recognition «B{ Am SwA ²k{ ³T o o nj ¼vM BM MB U nj ³ñ M Sv¼ compound jbí«b\ ½A nj»l¼ ou@(@3 /j±{»«( Tz«) complex (KØ o«) compound 4) morphem

2 187 BTv µo»l¼ ou ºBµ²rA /SwA oæ p±e ³M ±Mo«²rA c w nj T«¼ du /k A²k{ ³TiBw» ÇæA TÇwj j ³ÇM A±U»«k {BM ²k{ ³TiBw K¼ ou BM B½ B T{A BM ³ñ C KveoM An ;k ±{»«³TiBw k B A@³M ³½BQ ð½ pa Tz«ºBµ²rA /KØ o«tz«:jo ¼v U wa ºBµ³ ± «pa Tv«rA±ñU k a BªT]A pa KØ o«ºbµ²ra ªz Aj k B«/ ¼z ³ Bi,jo K î,³ BhMBT k B«;k ±{»«³TiBw í ÔM k¼ S æ naq A o ½A /SwA ²k{ ³TiBw BMp ½A»L¼ ou ºBµ²rA ¼ du ºAoM «B om ¼Tvh C jpbw»«}øhz«an B C ± «³½q\U An KØ o«tz«ºbµ²ra /k»«ªî»wnb BMp oæ p±e nj ºk ª{±µ pa ³]nj ½A BM ³ SwA ºA³ B½An ZAohTwA ±¼{>,< ñ{²ra BªTiBw> nbmnj K¼UoU ³M ³ B «½A ºBµyhM /SwA < ñ{²ra ºBµ» s½ >,<kîa± ñ{²ra BªTiBw 2 /kîa± yhm B A yhm :jnaj ²kªî yhm j ñ{²ra B A yhm 2Ç1 Bµk ( í M,o¼ª,k¼,jkî,S æ, wa)» oæ R ± «A± A «B{ yhm ½A /SwA (Bµk ±vq Bµk ±z¼q) wa 2Ç1Ç1 K¼ ou ±¼{ Bµk ³M Tw±¼Q S¼ MB» oæ wa ± 34,yhM ½A nj q¼ k S æ) k A²k{ ²jAj q¼ªu Bí A M ºn±Twj R ± «o ½j BM, B«p wa, ªî wa,» í«wa,nak B] wa, wa :(k A²k{ ²jAj q¼ªu µ pa» oæ / C q] KØ o«wa,nk~«wa,y½±i wa S Çæ,S Çæ :SwA ²kÇ{ ²jAj }¼hÇzU o½p bo{ ³M S æ ± 12 Sªv ½A nj S æ,kø o«s æ,» «BL«S æ,³ BL«S æ,» ±í «S æ,» ±í «S æ 2Ç1Ç2

3 BTv µo 188»TiBw ÇM S Çæ,» B TÇ{A KØ o«s æ,» B T{A S æ,»l¼uou S æ,»tibw M /» B T{A k¼ S æ,» B T{A í M 2Ç1Ç3 ³» B«nB «ºBµ M pa ³Twj C /SwA Bí A» B«M nb «M «B{ í M j@oµ nj k A²k«Cnj» í] nk~«rn±æ ³M k A²j±M wa AkTMA B½ k A²k{ wa ³M ½kLU /k A²k{ Znj < í M> < wa> ßSwo o¼ª k¼ 2Ç1Ç4 /jnaj j±] o¼ª ± ð½ (S ] k¼,k¼ ) k¼ ± j Swo ½A nj jkî 2Ç1Ç5 (»½BÇU²j J B T«Rn±æ ³M) kæ BU»w ¼ `ªµ Sv¼M BU ð½ jakîa,swo ½A nj,k ±{»Ç«±d p±e jna k naj»l¼ ou»wb¼ SiBw ±a,jakîa o ½j ²k«C /k A²kz Znj /SwA o½p ºBµ k] bo{ ³M k ±vq 38 k ±z¼q 6 «B{ k ±z¼q k 2Ç1Ç6 1 pbw» «2 pbw» µ ³ BL«J» k naj BM pbw» M

4 189 BTv µo k ±vq» k naj K¼UoU 1» k naj k «1 K¼UoU ¼«2» k 1» îb ²k 4 SµBL{ na 3» k naj n 5 SµBL{ x 6 SµBL{ ²» ±í «² 1 SLv º u ] ½ SµBL{ BwC» Tz C pbw» B T{A» í«wa A» îb A ªî na SLv ³ A ³ BL«pBM k¼ U ºpBM S Bd«BM 1 ªî ºk M o¼ ~U ³a o Aj Bñ«nAp 1 SµBL{ Bw 1 Bñ«BTw pbwnk~«x 2 SµBL{ B 1 o¼ » 2 ªî 3 SµBL{

5 BTv µo 190 kîa± 3 ²kîB Rn±æ ³M o ½kñ½ BM Bµk BµrA±ñU ß» ¼z µ RB Bñ«A A± A kîa± Swo nj nb~tia@³m kîa±»iom Swo B\ ½A nj /SwA ²k«C KØ o«ºbµ²ra K o«nak B] wa = S æ + wa nak B] wa = S æ +» B T{A wa K o«wa =» í«wa + wa» B T{A K o«wa =» í«wa +» B T{A wa K o«wa = wa +» í«wa K o«wa = B«p wa + wa» B T{A K o«wa = B«p wa +» B T{A wa K o«wa = wa + B«p wa K o«nak B] wa = nak B] wa + wa» B T{A K o«nak B] wa = nak B] wa +» B T{A wa K o«nak B] wa = wa + nak B] wa

6 191 BTv µo» B T{A K o«nak B] wa = wa +» B T{A wa K o«wa = wa + ªî wa» B T{A K o«wa = wa +» B T{A ªî wa K o«wa = wa + wa» B T{A K o«wa = wa +» B T{A wa K o«nak B] wa = nak B] wa + nak B] wa» B T{A K o«nak B] wa = nak B] wa +» B T{A nak B] wa K o«nak B] wa = ªî wa + nak B] wa» B T{A K o«nak B] wa = ªî wa +» B T{A nak B] wa K o«nak B] wa =» í«wa + nak B] wa» B T{A K o«nak B] wa =» í«wa +» B T{A nak B] wa»tibw ÔM ºBµ²rA»TiBw M nak B] wa = nb «M + wa» B T{A»TiBw M wa = nb «M +» B T{A wa

7 BTv µo 192»TiBw M K o«wa = nb «M + K o«wa»tibw M nak B] wa = nb «M + nak B] wa» B T{A»TiBw M nak B] wa = nb «M +» B T{A nak B] wa»tibw M K o«nak B] wa = nb «M + K o«nak B] wa»tibw M nak B] wa = nb «M + ªî wa» B T{A»TiBw M nak B] wa = nb «M +» B T{A ªî wa»tibw M nak B] wa = nb «M + S æ» B T{A»TiBw M nak B] wa = nb «M +» B T{A S æ»tibw M K o«nak B] wa = nb «M + K o«s æ»tibw M nak B] wa = nb «M +» í«wa» B T{A»TiBw M nak B] wa = nb «M +» B T{A» í«wa»tibw M nak B] wa = nb «M + y½±i wa»tibw M K o«y½±i wa = nb «M + K o«y½±i wa

8 193 BTv µo» B T{A ºBµ²rA» B T{A S æ = SµBL{ k + wa» B T{A K o«s æ = SµBL{ k + K o«wa» B T{A S æ = SµBL{ k + nak B] wa» B T{A K o«s æ = SµBL{ k + K o«nak B] wa» B T{A»TiBw M S æ = SµBL{ k +»TiBw M nak B] wa» B T{A S æ =» Tz Ck + wa» B T{A S æ =» Tz Ck +» í«wa pbw» B T{A» í«wa k + S æ» B T{A S æ = SLv k + nak B] wa» B T{A K o«s æ = SLv k + K o«nak B] wa» B T{A»TiBw M S æ = SLv k +»TiBw M nak B] wa» B T{A k¼ S æ = SLv k +» B T{A nak B] wa» B T{A S æ = SLv k + y½±i wa» B T{A S æ = SLv k + B«p wa» B T{A nak B] wa = ³ BL«k + wa» B T{A K o«nak B] wa = ³ BL«k + K o«wa» B T{A nak B] wa = ³ BL«k + nak B] wa» B T{A K o«nak B] wa = ³ BL«k + K o«nak B] wa» B T{A»TiBw M nak B] wa = ³ BL«k +»TiBw M nak B] wa» B T{A nak B] wa = ³ BL«k + ªî wa» B T{A nak B] wa = ³ BL«k + y½±i wa

9 BTv µo 194» B T{A ªî wa = k¼ U k + nak B] wa» B T{A K o«ªî wa = k¼ U k + K o«nak B] wa» B T{A»TiBw M ªî wa = k¼ U k +»TiBw M nak B] wa» B T{A nak B] wa = S Bd«k + wa» B T{A K o«nak B] wa = S Bd«k + K o«wa» B T{A nak B] wa = S Bd«k + B«p wa» B T{A nak B] wa = S Bd«k +» í«wa» B T{A nak B] wa = S Bd«k + nak B] wa kîa± ZAohTwA ±¼{ 4 ºkîA±,RB ± d«om jo ³¼ñU ºB] ³M,» í½ k»«ªî Bv A q «k Bªµ ñ{²ra ²A±i Tv«²A±i) ra±ñu oµ An o½mq ¼ªíU ²k{»½Ajp±ze n k ª A» Te Ø L ³» í«½a ³M jnaj»½bµs½j kd«ø o ½j ºBµrA±ñU nb nj T o nao ºAoM (kø¼ «M± ³M,q¼»L¼ ou ºBµ²rA /k½c»ª o ½j»ioM nb nj k½c»«bµra±ñu» ím pa kím ºBµS½j kdç«rb BÇñ«A ³ÇM T Bǽ@Swj ºAoÇM /k TÇvµ»½BµS½j kd«émbu,j±i ( TÇz«,»TiBw ÇM,KØ oç«) Bǵ²rA ½A AkTMA,»L¼ ou ºBµ²rA BµrA±ñU ß» ¼z µ»ª½k ºBµSiBw ³ j±m ½A ¼í«µo JBhT A ¼ j /k k{ ZAohTwA ¼í«µo pa k µj ¼ñzU ºAq]A pa»two,kím eo«nj /jnaj j±] µo ½A nj q¼ n±\ «k¼ S æ wa o¼» oæ nbít«ºbµ³ ± í½ k{ ³¼ U ²k{ZAohTwA RBL¼ ou k A³T n RBL¼ ou BªTiBw nj ³ (Bµk ±vq Bµk ±z¼q) Bµk ¼ `ªµ o¼ª ºBµ B½o] nj,³¼ Ø A k{zaohtwa ºBµ²jAj /k k{ ºk M³ L q½bªt«/k k{» A Ao k j±m ³T n ³»T BM nj ð½@³m@ð½ KØ o«ºbµ²ra pa ²k{ZAohTwA ºAq]A ð½@oçµ ³ÇM k kç{»wnom jnaj j±] B C T BªTeA ³ ºA² Ø ± BM ºBµS BM ± ³Ç» nbít竺bµ³ ± Ç«³Ç k½joç ± íç«,³ eo«½a nj /k{ ²jAj»LvaoM k¼«bç ºAoÇM تÇñ«ºBµ³ Ø Æ«pA k½bm k»ª S½B k A²k{ ºnAm B }Øhz«

10 195 BTv µo wa» oæ Ö ºBµ³ ± «pa H«±ªî,²k{ ³»UB ¼ du nj /jo ²jB TwA B C ºAq]A ºj±ªd«/k A³Tz }hz«ra±æa Mn oe ³ B A oe k¼ o¼ª S æ SwA ²kÇ{ ½BÇ»wnBÇ BÇMp nj» oçæ ± «²jq BQ ³M ³ SwA» B Ø d«³ ª] pa ³ñ ÇM j±lç Bµ³ ± Ç«nBªÇ{ S{Aj SؼتǵA Çñ{²rA nb nj ³` C BØ«A /@(Mahmoudi 1994) ra oµ nj ³»z ³M ³TvM wa» oæ ± «ºAoM ÂX«/j±M ³ ± «oµ»îo RBª¼v U ºj±ªdÇ«/k{»«nB¼TiA k½k] KvaoM BM ³ ºA³ Ø Æ«Sv½BM»«S{Aj K o«zaohtçwa /(Ibid) k ±Ç{ ¼¼íÇU é½p±çu tbçwa@oçm k½bçm» oæ ºBµ³ ± «³ SwA C@oM oçµ ºAoÇM,K¼UoÇU@ ½kÇM /k{ B\ A ºj±ªd«o ¼ªµ tbwa@om ³ ± «oµ ºBµ³ Ø Æ«¼v U k½k] ± «k a ³M Bµ³ ± «B C tbwa@om ½k{ ½B»½B í«rbª¼v U ³ ± «/k j±m nb ¼ªµ æbe S æ ± 12 wa ± 34 /k k{ :k{ B\ A nb j»v½± ²kîB ºAoM /k{ ³T{±»í¼L BMp ³M Bµ³ ± ¼z µ kîb Ç A KwB «BU k k«cnj q«n Rn±æ ³M ºjkî ºBµu½k A» ¼U oe BM Bµ²kîB ÇJ /k ±{ ºA³ B½An»v½± ³«B om kîa± ºjAjnAo Swo N01 wa» B T{A S æ Descriptions N02 nak B] wa» B T{A K o«s æ Code Description N03» í«wa» B T{A»TiBw MS æ A01 S æ N04 ªî wa A54» B T{A k¼ S æ A02» ±í «S æ N05 B«p wa B01 k¼ A03» ±í «S æ N06 y½±i wa B02 S ] k¼ A04 ³ BL«S æ N07 nk~«wa C01 o¼ª A05» «BL«S æ K o«wa I01 nb «M A06 K o«s æ K o«nak B] wa I02» B«M A07»TiBw MS æ N10» B T{A» í«wa M01 jkî A08»L¼UoU S æ

11 BTv µo 196 S25 1 K¼UoU k ±vq P04 1 pbw» «k ±z¼q N11»TiBw M wa S26 2» k naj k ±vq P05 2 pbw» «k ±z¼q»tibw MnAk B] wa S27 4 SµBL{ k ±vq k ±z¼q N13 K o«y½±i wa S28 3» k naj k ±vq S01 SµBL{ k ±vq» B T{A nak B] wa S29 5 SµBL{ k ±vq S02» Tz C k ±vq N15» B T{A ªî wa S30 6 SµBL{ k ±vq S03 pbw» B T{A» í«wa k ±vq N16» B T{A wa S31 1 SLv k ±vq S04 SLv k ±vq N17» B T{A y½±i wa S32 u ] k ±vq S05 ³ BL«k ±vq N18» B T{A o wa S33» îb k ±vq S06 k¼ U k ±vq» B T{A Bñ«wA S34 2 ªî k ±vq S07 S Bd«k ±vq N20 ³î±ª\«wA S35 pbwnk~«k ±vq S08 ªî k ±vq N21» B T{A B«p wa S36 1» îb k ±vq S09 o¼ ~U k ±vq N51» B T{A K o«wa S37» ±í «k ±vq S10 o k ±vq N52» B T{A»TiBw M wa S38 1» k k ±vq S11 Bñ«k ±vq» B T{A K o«nak B] wa S12 1 SµBL{ k ±vq N54» B T{A»TiBw MnAk B] wa S13 1 Bñ«k ±vq N55» B T{A K o«ªî wa S14 2 SµBL{ k ±vq N56» B T{A»TiBw M ªî wa S15 1 o¼ ~U k ±vq N59» B T{A K o«bñ«wa S16 2 Bñ«k ±vq N60» B T{A»TiBw M Bñ«wA S17 3 Bñ«k ±vq N64»TiBw MK o«wa S18 S19 ³î±ª\«k ±vq» k k ±vq N65»TiBw MK o«nak B] wa N66»TiBw MK o«y½±i wa S20 1 ªî k ±vq N67» B T{A K o í«wa S21 3 SµBL{ k ±vq N68» B T{A»TiBw M» í«wa S22» k naj k ±vq P01 ³ BL«k ±z¼q S23 K¼UoU k ±vq P02» k naj k ±z¼q S24 1» k naj k ±vq P03 pbw» «k ±z¼q

12 197 BTv µo Small A01I01 A01I02 A07 A01N01 A01N02 A01N03 A01N04 A01N05 A01N07 A01S03 N10 A01S14 A01S17 A01S26 A01S31 N10 A01S38 A06I01 N65 A06I02 A06S17 N59 A06S17 N60 A06S31 N67 A07S31 N68 I01 N54 I02 B01I01 B01N01 B01S17 Small B02I01 N11 B02I02 N11 B02N01 B02N01 B02N04 B02S17 C01A02 C01I01 I01S35 N07 I01S36 I02S37 A02 M01S23 A08 M01S25 A08 N01A01 N01I01 N01I02 N11 N01N01 N01N02 N01N03 N01N04 N01N05 N01S01 N01S02 N01S05 N01S07 Small N01S08 N15 N01S09 N16 N01S10 N18 N01S11 N01S12 N01S13 N01S14 N01S15 N16 N01S16 N01S17 N01S18 N20 N01S19 N01S21 N01S26 N01S27 N01S28 N01S29 N01S30 N16 N01S31 N01S32 N01S38 N02I01 N02N01 N02N02 N02N03

13 BTv µo 198 Small N02N04 N02 N02S01 N02S04 N02S05 N02S06 N15 N02S07 N02S09 N02S10 N18 N02S12 N02S13 N02S14 N02S15 N02S16 N02S17 N02S18 N20 N02S20 N15 N02S21 N02S27 N02S29 N02S31 N10 N03I01 N03I02 N03N01 N03S02 Small N03S07 N03S10 N18 N03S13 N03S16 N03S17 N03S18 N20 N03S19 N03S22 N03S24 N03S26 N03S28 N03S31 N04I01 N04N01 N04S05 N04S12 N04S13 N04S17 N04S19 N04S20 N15 N05I01 N05N01 N05N02 N05S04 N05S07 Small N05S14 N05S17 N21 N05S21 N05S29 N06I01 N06N06 N13 N06S04 N06S05 N06S09 N17 N06S15 N17 N06S27 N06S31 N10 N07I01 N07S17 N07S19 I01 N64 I02 N64 S01 S02 S05 S07 S08 N55 S11 N59 S12 S13 N59

14 199 BTv µo Small S16 N59 S17 N59 S19 S21 S26 A01 S27 S28 S29 S31 A01 S38 I01 N65 I02 N65 S01 S04 S05 S06 N55 S12 S13 N59 S16 N59 S17 N59 S20 N55 S21 S27 S29 S31 N67 Small N10I01 N54 N11S16 N60 N11S17 N60 N11S26 N11S27 N11S28 N54 N11S29 N11S31 S01 S04 S05 N54 S06 N56 S12 S13 N60 S16 N60 S17 N60 S21 S27 S29 S31 N68 N13I01 N66 I01 N54 I02 N54 N02 N03 Small N04 S04 A54 N15I01 N54 N15N01 N51 N16A01 N16I01 N52 N16I02 N52 N16N01 N16N01 N51 N16N02 N16N03 N51 N16N04 N51 N16N05 N51 P01I01 A04 P02N03 P03N03 P04A02 A03 P04I01 A05 P05A02 A03 P05N02 P06N01

15 BTv µo 200 ñ{²ra ºBµ» s½ 5 j±çm@ºn±twjo¼ç ºn±TÇwj ÃÇv«Çñ{²rA ¼ ÇU nj ºo Ç RÀÇñz«pA»Çñ½ kç A±TÇM ç o Ç«nAqÇ A oç ³Ç j±çm C Çñ{²rA TiBÇw pa çoç /j±çm BµSiBÇÇw SiBw º± A upw kµj q¼ªu ºn±Twjo¼ ºBµSiBw pa An ºn±Twj ºBµSiBw /k ³ oî An C kµa±i ³a B«nB¼í«, ¼ AkM ºn±Twjo¼ An»TiBw k{bm nao j±m ½A AÆw ³M k»«wdm BMp n±twj À TwA nbmnj ³ B\ C,º±d ºBµSiBw nj,»ñv«ba /j±m ¼Çµj q¼ªçu ºn±Twjo¼Ç ³ ªÇ] pa An ºn±TÇwj ªÇ] ³ ±Ç a ³ jpajoq»«³tñ ½A nj An ºn±Twjo¼ ºn±Twj ºBµ³T{n ³ ywoq ½A gwbq nj º /(2åÇ14,»ñv«Ba@ Ä ) :kv½±»«? ¼wB {»«pbm o ½kñ½ pa»½bµ³½bq ³a om ªî BMp n±twj /// k {BM Swnj k A±U»ª k»«n± i µl ³M ³ æb ÀM ³ ºk a ºBµgwBQ jakíçu kç A±U»Ç«BÇMp pa j±çi» jb~u j kd«½q\u ½BQ om ³ SwA ²k ½± nbt n ±UoQ nj j±çm ºn±Twj ± «nbmnj»d¼ ±U oµ S ¼ e@nj /// k k¼ ±U ²pBU ª] ºj kd«b (15, Bªµ) /joª{» BMp nbt n pa»wbwa L ] ½A c¼ ±U jaj@swj@³m A±U»«An L BMp A±U»ªÇ ///@ j±çm naj» íç«bç½ j±m n ²o M ± «BM An j±m ºn±Twj ± «>»ñv«ba o ³M An <»wb {» í竽bçq oçm j±çm@ºn±twj ½oíU T B½ ºAoM> ±\Tv] A /(B] Bªµ) <Sv Aj Bvªµ ¼ªhÇU BÇd pa> k«bvm émbu An j±m@ºn±twj,» o pa /(B] Bªµ) k Aj»«WLî 5 (16, Bªµ) /k Aj»ª q¼ < j±m BM Øke nj ºnB«C :jnaj j±] n± m«ºbµ nj «Tñ ³w ;SwA ºn±Twjo¼ pa ºn±Twj ª] q¼ªu BMp nbt n Ç A ;jo»wnom» í«pa ïnb A±U»«An j±m ºn±Twj ÇJ /jnak j±m ºn±Twjo¼ B½ ºn±Twj nj ºo¼YFU Ö ± k«bvm ÇZ ¼ªíU oæ p±e ³M An C A±U»«,³T o Rn±æ ±d p±e nj k aoµ WdM ½A ǽA j±çm@ nbít«o¼ jo jn±iom c«bvu BM º Øke@BU KØ o«ºbµ²ra» í«nj jaj kçm An ºn±TÇwj ºBµ³ ªÇ] ³Ç ²j±M» o «¼{BeA Ø o»q nj,j±i ºoT j Bwn nj,²k /º±d ºBµSiBw nj»ñv«ba o ºB L«oM» í½ kµj q¼ªu ºn±Twjo¼ ºBµ³ ª] pa» í«³m Øw±U

16 201 BTv µo /Sv Ak B C j±m í«w¼e pa An Bµ²rA C»µB k½j ¼ a k½q om RBíLU pa»ñ½ /SwA ²k{ ³TiBw ²B k½j ½A BM ñ{²ra»çv BvM³a BØ«A 6 k ASiBwx±i ³ An ² Ø ± BM ºBµSiBw pa ºnB¼vM ³ SwA ¼z J±a o¼»ubl¼ ou ß Tv Aj@ºn±Twj /Sv Aj ºn±Twj A±U»«k{BM ²joL /SwA tbwa ¼ªµ om k A²k{ ³TiBw ³ Ak ªz Aj ¼z ³ Bi BM tb¼ ³M ³ ³ AnBT ºAoM» Ø]±«¼ j q¼» B T{A ±~i³m»l¼ ou ºBµSiBw nj j±]±ª»m An A Ç k ±vq ÂX«k naj nbít«o¼» í«³ SwA ºA² Ø ± BM RBL¼ ou joª{@ºn±twj An ²kîB ½A ³` B a /SiBw An ApAnj B Q jo ³ B A panj Q ºBµS æ ³M A±U»«k{@ ¼µA±i@nBaB ¼ Ak ºn±Twj An B«o BThw B pb k B½BµSiBw ¼µk ¼ªíU,éÇ /SwA BÇMp ºo¼ jbç½ ºBµ³½o Ç ÀÇi ³ ½±{ ½B ºjB½p ºBµB XTwA ³M ½A BM³ An ºj±]±«RBL¼ ou ¼ ço o½mqb ¼ªíUAn Bµ²kîB ªµ k{ ¼µA±i n±l\«ºa²nba ºjnA±«nj k aoµ, ¼µj nao ³ B½An Be nj Hª¼ Tv«k A²k{ ³TiBw ²kîB k ±ÇvQ» BÇ«ÇM BÇM³Ç»UBL¼ ou ÂX«/ ¼T{Ak ³ Be nj RBL¼ ou ¼ Tv«jAj nao q] Bî kîb B C ºAoM A±U»ª ³ k A ± ªµB»½B B a k ±{»«³TiBw na Ç@ B½C ³ j±m ½A ºo RÀñz«pA o ½j»ñ½ /S{Am ³ Be nj ¼ Tv«An B C k½bm jaj k pbçvm ³ ªÇ] k ±{ naoñu k A±U»«³ An ºkîA± /o¼i B½ k{bm 7 Öºn Ö Òj k½bm kîa± pa kím S æ T kîb ÂX«/@(Crystal 1992, p. 328) k «B»«8 n Ø oñ«b½ ºn j kîa± ß» k A±i ß n± ßJBT ½A :S A±U»«H «Ao½p SwA ºn j ºA²kîB»wnB BMp nj wa bo Ç«q¼Ç k»ç«ªî oæ p±e nj ³ ñ{²ra nb nj ³ Ãv«½A /@/// qlw ß JA wa Ä ( + o¼ ~U k + wa» B T{A K¼ ou p±e nj ÂX«/j±{»«An ðñmbtç j±{»ç«k¼ k ±vq BM o ½j nbm H «SwA wa j±i ðmbt j±i pbmou±l ³,nAk B] wa Ä (pbm) ³ BL«k + nak B] ß wa B½ /oic» A jpbw»«jpbvm An pbmpbm ou±l j±{ K¼ ou k A±U»«pBM@Ç k ±vq BM o ½j nbm H «SwA nak B] wa nbç nj /j±{»ç«bµsibw k{@ºn Ö Òj pa é B«ÖjoMnB,ºjBî BMp nj /Amµ@» î@u wa wa q] ³M»«B pbmou±l ðmbt ºAoM ³ k{ e Rn±æ ½A ³M ñz«, ñ{²ra 6) well-formed 7) recursive 8) iterative

17 BTv µo 202 K¼ ou ºAoM ºo ½j kîb k{ nb¼tia K o«nak B] wa» B T{A o¼ ~U wa» í½ nak B] /j±{ kîa± k{@ºn Ö Òj pa é B«BU kz ²jAj k ±vq BM k½k] ºBµSiBw ½A k B«wA Ä wa + wa ÂX«;S{Aj j±] q¼ KØ o«ºbµ²ra p±e nj ñz«½a k S o{ K¼ ou nj ²nBM j k A±U»«j±i M± ³M q¼ ½A nj Rn±æ ³M ²kîB µ jn±«½a nj BØ«A /k Ak¼Q ³«AjA K¼UoU ¼ªµ ³M jpbvm /k«c@nj K o«wa Ä wa + wa»ubl¼ oçu kç{@³tibçw WîBÇM Çñ{²rA nbç nj kçîa± j±m@ºn Ö Òj ³M k{ ½B An Çñ{²rA»ÄAnB ß k nak»½b T A RBL¼ ou ½A ³»½B\ C@pA,BØ«A /j±{»«ºn±twj nj k {BL o½mqnaoñu kîa± ³ ²An@ ½A@pA SwA ²k{ nb s½ ½A,k pbw»«th«/k ±{ Ø ±T«ºA³ eo«swo Ç kçîa±ç «B{) ²jAj ß²B ½BQ ³ SwA C naq A o ½A ºBµ» s½ pa»ñ½ ºA²jAj B½ SiBw jna C ³M ºk½k] RBîÀ A A±U» í½ SwA o½mqy½ao½ /jo bàæa B½ me An ºn±Twj ± «¼¼íU RBL¼ ou ½q\U ±¼{ 5Ç1 ³½q\U xa²k pbw ºAq]A ³M An C upw }Øhz«An ºjB z¼q ra ± «AkTMA ñ{²ra,k{bl j±]±«³ B½An Be nj ºjB z¼q ra SiBw kîb ³»Un±æ nj /k»«ç o «ra k pbw oæb î ³ SwA C ³M oz«³ ª] ½A /j±{»«b C ½q\U ³M An C upw j q A Swo ³M An C A±U»«,k{BL k{bm j±]±«³ Be nj nbç jaj BÇz ºAoM (Bª JA±i,[ otwj) BX«j ð ½A /jopw ñ{²ra ³M ¼ du ºAoM (kím ³d æ Ä ) /j±{»«³ oî ñ{²ra c¼ ±U ½jn nj / ¼½BQ Bi BM Bi :k»«¼ du ³ Bi j nj An»L¼ ou ra oµ ñ{²ra An C k{³½q\çu Çñ{, ¼½BÇQ BÇi ß Ø A ǽjn nj, ºn±Twj ± «, BM Bi ß Ø A ³TiBw nb «M wa pa» í½,swa»tibw M nak B] wa ¼z ³ Bi ÓÀX«/kµj»«Çñ{ ¼½BÇQ nj (»TiBw ÇM nak BÇ] ÇwA) C ºn±Twj ± «BM nj ³ SwA ²k{

18 BTv µo 204 B ǽA ³ÇM Bǵ²jAj K A nj ³TL A ñ{²ra /k½c»«( nb «M + wa) ²k{³½q\U ½jn BM Bi ß Ø A ½jn,S Be ½A nj /kµj»«³äana q¼ An C ¼ du k»ª ± Ç«j ºA²rA»µBÇ /k Tv¼Ç o Ç jn±ç«bµ ¼ dçu» BÇM k oltí«¼½bq Bi ß Ø A ²rA ³M ±Mo«ß ½jn j oµ RBîÀ A,»T Be ¼ a nj /k oltí«joµ ³ jnaj ºn±Twj k Tv¼Ç ²k½B»ÇM q¼ç ñ{²ra» B A ß ºBµ ¼ du ³TL A /k oltí«¼½bq BM Bi nj /k A²k{ }Øhz«²nBTw S«Àî BM» B A ºBµ ¼ du /k µj»«bz An naq A o Sؼ MB ÇwA «BÇ{ K¼ oçu ǽA Ao½p ;k Aj»TiBw ÔM ßnAk B] wa ß An [ otwj ra Ö ñ{²ra A±U»«, ¼z ³ Bi o¼ n p BM tb¼ ³M ²kîB L,» í½ SwA ([ n) nb «ÔM (Swj) wa + wa kîb ±ªz«An [ otwj kím eo«nj ñ{²ra /Sv Aj nak B] wa An [ otwj /k«b»«k o«wa An C k Aj» í«/k A²k«C kîa± Swo nj» s½ j oµ BM k A í M µ wa µ ³»½BµRn±æ kîb ±ªz«An Bª JA±i ñ{²ra,sv¼ oltí«nb «M + nb «M kîb ±a,bø«a /jo¼»«nak B] wa An C k Aj»«nB «M + ªî wa émb «/1362 Ao U,»«pnA±i RAnBzT A,»í¼ªw kªea ª]oU,º±d ºBµSiBw, Bí,»ñv«Ba / Ao U, Ao U ²B z Aj,»wB { BMp ºoT j Bwn,»wnB BMp nj ºpBw²rA,(1375) ¼ve,»í«Bw / Ao U, Ao U ²B z Aj,»wB { BMp ºoT j Bwn,[ wn±twj nj B ra,(1377) ºk «k¼w,»äbªw,y AjoÇz,<oæBíwnB BMp nj ºpBw²rA RB Bñ«A Bµ²±¼{>,( å) o{a» î,» jbæ,4 nbª{ 25-21,3 nbª{,12 Bw ;12-6,5 nbª{ 18-12,4 nbª{,11 Bw nbª{ 15-9,3 nbª{,13 Bw ;23-19,6 nbª{ 19-15,5 nbª{ /25-21,5 nbª{ 23-15,4 / Ao U,»µB z Aj oz q o«,ºpbw²ra»wnb ¼vM í,(1376) ½k A¾Àî,»ÄBL BL / Ao U,»µB z Aj oz q o«,»wnb BMp nj K o«s æ wa,(1382) ÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇ y{± ³M,1 Z,» Ao½A RB ¼ du o ¼«j,<»wnB BMp nj K¼ ou ±¼{>,(135å)»T¼,nB Twn bà /263-25å,k z«²b z Aj RAnBzT A,J± ½np k¼ªe»mb½²pbw ºpBw T«ºBµ B nj jomnb ºAoM B ra \eoq ð BM ¼ U>, Ao ½j A/»Q/tA, /73-47,2 nbª{,12 n j,» Bwn À A ½oz,»ÄBªw ºk «@kø¼w ª]oU,<RBîÀ A»MB½pBM /69Ç65,2 nbª{,5 Bw,»wB z BMp \«,<ºpBM ßk ±vq>,(1367) ovi,» / Ao U,»µB z Aj oz q o«,p o«a»wnb BMp nj ºk ±vq B T{A,(1379) ÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇ

19 205 BTv µo /58-56,2 nbª{,7 Bw,»wB z BMp \«,<»wnb BMp nj µ ºBµy >,(1369) / Ao U,» µo RB ¼ du RBí B «vwæ«,p o«a»wnb nj ²rA» B T{A SiBw,(1371) ÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇ,»wB z BÇMp \Ç«,<»wnBÇ BMp nj C SؼتµA» ±í «S æ»wnom>,(1371)» U,nB¼«B B½k¼e /61,2 nbª{,9 Bw Anderson, S.R. (1988), Morphological Theory, in an MT framework, ASLIB processing, vol. 47, N.3, pp Crystal, D. (1992), An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Language and Languages, Blackwell, Oxford. Katz, J. and J. Fodor (1963), The Structure of a Semantic Theory, Language, 39, pp Katz, J. a nd P. Postal ( 1964), A n Integrated T heory of L in guistic Descriptio ns, MIT Press, Cambridge. King, M. (1992), Machine Translation, International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, vol.ii, W. Bright. (editor in chief), pp Mahmoudi, S.M. ( 1994), Contribution au traitement automatique de la langue persane, thèse de doctorat, Lyon II. Spencer, A. ( 1991), Morphological Theory: An Introduction to Morphology, G enerative Grammar, Blackwell, Oxford.