49 2 ß Vol.49 No Ñ 2 Đ ACTA METALLURGICA SINICA Feb pp

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1 9 2 ß Vol.9 No Ñ 2 Đ ACTA METALLURGICA SINICA Feb pp HCO 3, SO 2 Cl Û Cu ÊÖ ßÈ ±» ³ µ (µ½ Ы ӫ٠ýҺ ÇÉ, Ê ) HCO 3 Õ Å 8 mol/l ÐÕ Ù SO 2 Cl, Ñ ÉÇ Ç ³Ì Đ SEM, Ú Cu ÉÇ Å ÎÆ Đ Ã., SO 2 Cl Æ Cu Ë, ß ÖÁ ßÄ Ñ. Cl Ý Cu, Ç. Û, Cu Ð À Cl Õ Å 2 mol/l. Ì Cl Õ, SO 2 Ú ; Ì Cl Õ Å, SO 2 ; Ì Cl Õ, SO 2 À Cu ÀÝ. Ê SO 2 Õ, Cl Ô Æ. à Ú, Cu Î Cl SO 2. Ç ±, Cu,, HCO 3, SO2, Cl ÆÝ TG172 Ð ÃÙÑ A Ð Â (2013) INVESTIGATION ON PITTING CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF COPPER IN THE MIXED SOLUTION OF HCO 3, SO 2 AND Cl WANG Changgang, DONG Junhua, KE Wei, LI Xiaofang State Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang Correspondent: DONG Junhua, professor, Tel: (02) , jhdong@imr.ac.cn Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No ) Manuscript received , in revised form ABSTRACT In this work, the pitting corrosion behavior of Cu in the mixed solution of HCO 3, Cl and SO 2 simulating groundwater was investigated by means of cyclic polarization test and SEM microscopy. The results showed that both SO 2 and Cl can synergistically promote the anodic dissolution of Cu electrode. Cl can decrease the corrosion potential of Cu to enhance its electrochemical activity. The plot of pitting sensitivity of Cu showed that the pitting critical concentration of Cl was 2 mol/l. When the concentration of Cl was low, SO 2 did not affect the pitting susceptibility; when the concentration of Cl was in the middle, SO 2 strongly inhibited the pitting corrosion of Cu; when the concentration of Cl was high, the pitting susceptibility will first increase and then reduce with increasing the concentration of SO 2. Regardless of what concentration of SO2, Cl can promote the pitting corrosion of Cu. In the current solution system, it is found that the pitting corrosion of Cu was sorely sensitive to SO 2 and Cl. KEY WORDS high level radioactive waste, copper, pitting, HCO 3, SO2, Cl ² Ò Æ Å¾Ï Ð¼, Å ½, Û ÂÞÛ Á Ý. ƽ Ô ½ Ö Å Ð * ¾Ó ÎÎ : , ÎÎ : Ø :»Á,, 1985 Ò, Å DOI: /SP.J ¼, Ú ÂÊ ¼Ð ¹µ. Û ½ ² ÈÝ ß Ô± Ï [1]. ² ¾ ÔÝ»Þ, µèû µèû ¹ ² ¹ Û³ Ì Þ µ Ñ ² Æ ². ƽݻÞ, ² ¹È µèû ¾Å Þ, ĐÆ ¾Ï., ¹ Ç. Û È Cu

2 208 Å «9 Å Cu È Ñ Đ, «È ². ËÈ, Ý Cu Ï Ê Á»,, Û Cu ² Ó È Û, Ï Û Û ² Ê ² Ä. ²» ÎÜ Ð, ¼ Ʊ O 2 Ï ÎÜ,  Ó, ĐÁ½Ü ²µ ËÝ ² ËÝÞº Ç, Æ, ² Ê «O 2 ËÝ Ê. Ó Cu È«Cu(I) Cu(II) Ý Ý,, Ô O 2 ËÝ Đ. Ô, Û Cu Ä ¾Ï Ð Ô O 2 Ð, Đ Ã¾ÏÚ ² Ô ¹ Ô. Cu ¹ ½ ĐÕÍ Ô [2], Ê Ý«Ô HCO 3, SO2 Cl Ô O 2 È Ê. HCO 3, SO2 Cl 3 ¹ Û Cu «Ï Ò, Õ Ò Û Ã ¼ Å [37]. Ô Ä «, SO 2 Cl ««Cu [812], HCO 3 Á Cu ÜÈ [13].»Æ Ä. Æ «² ¾Ï, Ä [1], Æ ¾Ï ÔÆ 3 ¹, Û Cu ÔÆ 3 ¹ Ê «Ë Ô ² Ä., ÐÆ È Ê, Ä Cu Ó Ö Ï [1518]. ºØ ÐÄ [19,20], ĐÊ Cl /HCO 3 SO2 /HCO 3 Û, Cl SO 2 Cu ; Þ HCO 3 Û Cu Ò ÖØ (8 mol/l), Æ ÖØ, Cu Æ «Á». [1], ÛÆ µê Ô HCO 3, SO2 Cl 3 ¹ Æ, Cu Á» 8 mol/l NaHCO 3 «, Ð Đ Cl SO 2 Ö Ø, Û Cu µ Û Ä. µ Û, Cu Á ÞÛ, Cl SO 2 Û Cu «µ. 1 Ø Ï È 1 ÔÄ, Í Ú. Ä «Ø 99.9% Cu. 10 mm 10 mm 6 mm ÍÎ, «100 mm 2, ĐØ ÒÊÍ « ½ Ä, Ò 0.5 µm غ غ, ÁÒ, ÉÒ. Ô Ú ² ¾½, Pt Ü «, Å (SCE) «², Û Cu Ê È Í. Ê È É«5 mv/s [21] ; «²Æ 100 mv º Ï 1200 mv Á, ΠϲÆ. ±Ò FEI INSPECTF (SEM) Á Ï. Ô Ò «³Û SCE, È Ø«Ê, Ø «ÚÐ 2.1 HCO 3 ÕÍ 8 mol/l, SO 2 ÜĐ /Cl Cu É SO 2 Cu ² ¹ 1a ÔÄ«HCO 3 ÖØ«8 mol/l, Cl ÖØ «2 mol/l, SO 2 ÖØ «05, 0.30 mol/l, Cu Ê È ². ¹ ³, Í, 3 Þ ² 80 mv. ÑÁ º, Ì Ä ØÑ ÞÀ Å, 3 Þ ²º Ä Ø 0 mv Õ S «. Í Ï +200 mv Õ Ä 1 Ð É SO 2 Cl Ù (HCO 3 Ù 8 mol/l) Table 1 Concentrations of SO 2 and Cl in the experiment with HCO 3 concentration 8 mol/l (mol/l) Cl SO

3 2 ß ºÀ : HCO 3, SO2 Cl Ù µ Cu  (a) SO 2- concentration, mol/l (c) (d) Þ 1 SO 2 Õ Ú HCO 3 Õ Å 8 mol/l, SO2 ßÚ /Cl Cu ÉÇ ± Fig.1 Effects of SO 2 concentration on the cycle polarization curves of copper with Cl concentrations 2 mol/l (a), mol/l (b), mol/l (c) and 0 mol/l (d) 1. (b), 3 Þ ² Ä ØÑ Þ Å ØÖ ÌÍ. Î +10 mv Õ. Ê ÔÔ Ê È ² Ì Õ «Ö, Ä ØÑ Þ Å. ÅÑ SO 2 ÖØ, Ê È ² Ì Ä Ø½Ü Å. SO 2 Ö Ø«05 mol/l, Ê È ² Î Ä ØÚ Ä Ø Â³ ; SO 2 ÖØ«0.30 mol/l, Ê È ² Î Ä Ø» Ä Ø. Ê, Cu Ì È Ô. 1b ÔÄ«HCO 3 ÖØ«8 mol/l, Cl Ö Ø«mol/L, SO 2 ÖØ «05, 0.30 mol/l, Cu Ê È ². ¹ ³, Í, 3 Þ ² 100 mv. ÑÁ º, Ì Ä Ø Ñ ÞÀ Å, +50 mv Õ Ä Ø S «, ÞÁ Ä ØÑÀ Å. Í Ï +200 mv Õ, 3 Þ ² Ä ØÑ Þ Õ ØÖ ÌÍ. SO 2 ÖØ«05 mol/l ² Ä Ø +650 mv Õ²ÂÙ», ÑÁÑ Å. 3 Þ ² Î 0, mv. ÔÔ Ê È ² Ì Õ «Ö, ÅÑ SO 2 ÖØ, Ê È ² Ì Ä Ø½Ü Å. Ê È ²Ì Î Ä ØÅ Ä Ø, ÁÊ. Ê, Cu Ì È. 1c ÔÄ«HCO 3 ÖØ«8 mol/l, Cl ÖØ«mol/L, SO 2 ÖØ «05, 0.30 mol/l, Cu Ê È ². ¹ ³, Í, 3 Þ ² 220, mv. ÑÁ º, SO 2 ÖØ«05 mol/l 2 Þ ² Ä Ø À Å, Á mv Õ S «, Ä Ø º Á, Ö mv Õ S «. SO 2 ÖØ«0.30mol/L ² Ä Ø À Å, +100 mv Õ Å Ø Ì. 3 Þ ²Î +15, 0 30mV Õ. ÔÔ Ê È ² Ì Õ «Ö, ÅÑ SO 2 ÖØ, Ê È ² Ì Ä Ø½Ü Å. Cu Ê È ²Ì Î Ä ØÅ Ä Ø, ÁÊ. Ê, Cu Ì Ê È. 1d ÔÄ«HCO 3 ÖØ«8 mol/l, Cl Ö Ø«0 mol/l, SO 2 ÖØ «05,

4 210 Å « mol/l, Cu Ê È ². ¹ ³, Í, 3 Þ ² 200 mv. ÑÁ º, 3 Þ ² Ä Ø À Å, 0 mv Õ 3 Þ ² Ä Ø S «, Á SO 2 ÖØ«05 mol/l ² Ä ØÑ Å. Þ SO 2 ÖØ «0.30 mol/l ² Ä Ø +200 mv ÕÖ S «ÁÑ Å. Î, SO 2 Ö Ø«05 mol/l ²Đ««, Þ SO 2 Ö Ø«0.30 mol/l ²Đ«ÝÆ. 3 Þ ² Î 100, mv Õ. ÔÔ Ê È ² Ì Õ «Ö, ÅÑ SO 2 ÖØ, Ê È ² Ì Ä ØÔ» Ø Å. Cu Ê È ²Ì Î Ä ØÅ Ä Ø, ÁÊ. Ê, Cu Ì È. 2. Cl Cu ² ¹ 2a ¹ ³, SO 2 ÖØ«05 mol/l, Cl ÖØ «2,, 0 mol/l, Þ Ê È ² 80, 90, mv, Î 10, 0, mv, Ô Þ Ç. Í Cl ÖØ«, 0 mol/l, Ñ Cl ÖØ, 3 Þ ² Ì Ä Ø½Ü Å. 2b ¹ ³, SO 2 ÖØ«mol/L, Cl ÖØ «2,, 0 mol/l, Þ Ê È ² 70, 100, mv, Î 0, 5, 0 80 mv, Ô Þ Ç. Í Cl ÖØ«, 0 mol/l, Ñ Cl ÖØ, 3 Þ ² Ì Ä Ø½Ü Å. 2c ¹ ³, SO 2 ÖØ«0.30 mol/l, Cl ÖØ«2,, 0 mol/l Þ Ê È ² 90, 100, mv, Î +20, +20, mv, Ô Þ Ç. Cl ÖØ«mol/L ² ÁÊ ØĐ», Å Ä ØÚ Cl ÖØ«mol/L ² Î Ä ØÅ»³Í. Ä Ø» Cl ÖØ«0 mol/l ² Ì ² Ä Ø. ºÔ, Cl ÖØ«2,, 0 mol/l, Ñ SO 2 ÖØ, Ê È ² Ì Ä ØÔ Å Ç. Û, SO 2 ³ Cu Ì. Í Cl ÖØ» 2 mol/l, Cu ¹; Í Cl Ö ØÅ 2 mol/l, Cu ¹ (a) (b) (c) Þ 2 Cl Õ Ú HCO 3 Õ Å 8 mol/l, SO2 ßÚ /Cl Cu ÉÇ ± Fig.2 Effects of Cl concentration on the cycle polarization curves of copper with SO 2 concentrations 05 mol/l (a), mol/l (b) and 0.30 mol/l (c) ¹ SO 2 ÖØ Ê, Ñ Cl ÖØ, Ê È ² Î Ô Þ Ç., Ñ Cl ÖØ, Ê È ² Ì Ä Ô Å Ç. Æ, Û Cl ³ Þ Cu, Đ È. Cl Cu É, ĐÌ. 2.2 Cu Ì ÉÅÓË Ò 3 «HCO 3 ÖØ«8 mol/l, SO2 /Cl Û, ÖØ SO 2 Cl Ê È ÍÁ, Cu Á Ï SEM.

5 e2{.h^ : HCO 3, SO2 = Cl XBu ) Cu gb6 ZJ 211 z 3 FQ O'TH Cu j [V 2 Fig.3 Microstructures of copper after cyclic polarization in 8 mol/l HCO 3, SO /HCO3 solution with mol/l Cl +05 mol/l SO (a), 2 mol/l Cl + mol/l SO (b), 2 mol/l Cl mol/l SO2 (c), mol/l Cl +05 mol/l SO2 (d), mol/l Cl + mol/l SO2 +05 mol/l SO2 (g), mol/l Cl + (e), mol/l Cl mol/l SO2 (f), mol/l Cl mol/l SO2 (h), mol/l Cl mol/l SO2 (i), 0 mol/l Cl +05 mol/l SO2 (j), mol/l SO2 (l) 0 mol/l Cl + mol/l SO2 (k) and 0 mol/l Cl U Cl r t A, SO r t 05,? A, Cu k d \# Æ+ *W a" i D/, $ 3a c pl. Cl r t 1 mol/l A, Cu k d \d i D/ > #. ea w +, U Cl rtbs^`s 2 mol/l A, S SO r t P M ^/, Cu \i D_ :d b, #-SE 2 mol/l 0.30 mol/l 2 2 ~9iD. ÆvGRdP &\ 5'. U Cl r t mol/l A, SO r t 05 mol/l \ R +, Cu k d \ i D/ Zt M, D/58 z 8 t, z µm s, $ 3d pl. U SO r t? 0.30 mol/l A, Cu kd \ D5W'g. id/5 2 2

6 212 Å «9» Å ØĐ,» Ü,» ØĐÅ, 3e f ÔÄ. 3d f Ò¹ س. Í Cl ÖØ«mol/L, SO 2 ÖØ«05 mol/l Ê, Cu» Þ»,» Ì.» ØĐ Å Đ Å, Å» ¹Ã 150 µm, «600 µm 600 µm Ë Ô 9», 3g ÔÄ. Í SO 2 ÖØ«mol/L, Á Cu Đ«ÝÆ,» Þ,» Ô, Å» «50 60 µm, «600 µm 600 µm Ë Ô 5», 3h ÔÄ. Í SO 2 Ö Ø«0.30 mol/l, Á Cu Đ «ÝÆ,» Þ,» Ô, Å» «0 µm, «600 µm 600 µm Ë Ô 2», 3i ÔÄ. ¹Ú, Í Cl ÖØ«mol/L, Ñ SO 2 ÖØ,» Ù», ØÙ», Þ. Í Cl ÖØ«0 mol/l, SO 2 ÖØ «05 mol/l Ê, Á Cu Đ«Ý,» Ø, Å» ¹Ã 160 µm.» Đ, «600 µm 600 µm Ë Ô 26», 3j ÔÄ. Í SO 2 ÖØ«mol/L, Cu» Ø, Å Þ, Þ ¼Ø¹Ã 500 µm.,»û Cu Ò¹ Ø Å, 3k ÔÄ. Í SO 2 ÖØ«0.30 mol/l, Cu» Þ», Å» 0 µm. «600 µm 600 µm Ë Ô 8», 3l ÔÄ. ºÔ, Cu Ϲ Å Cl ÖØ. Í Cl ÖØĐ (2 mol/l), Cu Ï «³,»» Ø Ê» ¼Ý Ö., Ñ SO 2 Ö Ø,»Ö È; Í Cl ÖØ ( mol/l), Ê» ³ÛĐ¼,» Ø Đ Cl ÖØ ÔÔÕ., Ñ SO 2 ÖØ,» Ù¼,» Ø ÔÙ» Ç; Í Cl ÖØĐ ( mol/l), Ñ SO 2 ÖØ, Cu» Ò¹ Ø ÅÁÙ» Ö. SO 2 ÖØ, Ñ Cl ÖØ,» Ò¹ ØÕÔ Å Ç. «HCO 3 ÖØ«8 mol/l, SO2 /Cl Û Ü. ¹ ³, Cl ÖØ 2 mol/l, Ë SO 2 ÖØ, Cu. Cl ÖØ 2 mol/l, Cu Ô. ºØ Ð [19,20], HCO 3 ÖØ«8 mol/l, SO2 ÖØ«05 mol/l HCO 3 ÖØ«8 mol/l, Cl ÖØ«05 2 mol/l Ê, Cu Ô ¹. ÞÍ 2 ¹Ê ±Â, Cu ¹ º. ¹ÔÉÑ ±Ä. 2.3 SO 2 Cl ÕÍÎ Cu Ì Ë Ô ÉÅ 5 ÔÄ«HCO 3 ÖØ«8 mol/l, SO2 /Cl Û, SO 2 ÖØÛ Ê È ² ÁÊ µ. Í Cl ÖØ«mol/L, Ñ SO 2 ÖØ, ÁÊ Đ» È. Í Cl ÖØ«mol/L, ÁÊ Ñ SO 2 ÖØ ÞÙ». Í Cl ÖØ«0 mol/l, ÁÊ Ñ SO 2 ÖØ ÅÁÙ». Û, Í Cl ÖØĐ, SO 2 ÖØÛ Cu» Àȼ Ô ÐÈ Ø µ. Í Cl «ÖØ, Ñ SO 2 ÖØ,» ÀÈ ¼ Ô ÐÈ ØÙ», concentration, mol/l SO Non-pitting Pitting Þ HCO 3 Û Õ Å 8 mol/l, SO2 /Cl Ú Cu Fig. Area picture of pitting sensitivity in SO 2 /Cl solution with 8 mol/l HCO 3 Area, V A/cm SO 2- concentration, mol/l Þ 5 SO 2 Õ Ú³ÀÉ Fig.5 Effects of SO 2 concentration on the area of lag ring in SO 2 /Cl solution with 8 mol/l HCO 3

7 2 ß ºÀ : HCO 3, SO2 Cl Ù µ Cu  213 Ù. Í Cl ÖØĐ, Ñ SO 2 ÖØ,» Àȼ Ô ÐÈ Ø ÁÞ.»ÈÚ Cu ÏԻȳ. 6 ÔÄ«HCO 3 ÖØ«8mol/L, SO2 /Cl Û, Cl ÖØÛ Ê È ² ÁÊ µ. SO 2 ÖØ«05, 0.30 mol/l, Ñ Cl ÖØ, ÁÊ Å Ç. Í HCO 3 Ö Ø«8 mol/l, Ë SO 2 ÖØ, Cl Õ Cu» Àȼ Ô Ð È Ø. Area, V A/cm SO 2- concentration, mol/l Þ 6 Cl Õ Ú³ÀÉ Fig.6 Effects of Cl concentration on the area of lag ring in SO 2 /Cl solution with 8 mol/l HCO 3 3 Ð (1) HCO 3 ÖØ«8 mol/l, SO2 /Cl Û, SO 2 ³ Cu Ì ; Cl ³Þ Cu, Đ È. Cl Cu É ĐÌ. (2) HCO 3 ÖØ«8 mol/l, SO2 /Cl Û, Cl ÖØ 2 mol/l, Cu. Í Cl ÖØ 2 mol/l, Cu Ø». (3) HCO 3 ÖØ«8 mol/l, SO2 /Cl Û, Í Cl «ÖØ, SO 2 Û Cu µ; Í Cl «ÖØ, SO 2 Û Cu Ï Ò; Í Cl «ÖØ, SO 2 Û Cu Ï ÁÞ Ò. Ë SO 2 ÖØ, Cl Õ Cu.» µđå. Æ Ð [1] Wang C G, Dong J H, Ke W, Chen N. Acta Metall Sin, 2011; 7: 35 (»Á, Ò±Å,,., 2011; 7: 35) [2] Lytle D A, Nadagouda M N. Corros Sci, 2010; 52: 1927 [3] Baba H, Kodama T, Fujii T. Trans Natl Res Inst Met, 1986; 2: 28 [] Christy A G, Lowe A, Otieno Alego V, Stoll M, Webster R D. J Appl Electrochem, 200; 3: 225 [5] Edwards M,Ferguson J F, ReiberSH.J Am Water Works Association, 199; 86(7): 7 [6] Sosa M, Patel S, Edwards M. Corrosion, 1999; 55: 1069 [7] Edwards M, Rehring J, Mayer T. Corrosion, 199; 50: 366 [8] Drogowska M, Brossard L, Menard H. J Electrochem Soc, 1992; 139: 39 [9] Duthil J P, Mankowski G, Giusti A. Corros Sci, 1996; 38: 1839 [10] Cong H, Scully J R. J Electrochem Soc, 2010; 157: C200 [11] Nishikata A, Itagaki M, Tsuru T, Haruyama S. Corros Sci, 1990; 31: 287 [12] Jujii T. Trans Natl Res Inst Met, 1988; 30: 81 [13] Drogowska M, Brossard L, Ménard H. J Electrochem Soc, 1992; 139: 39 [1] Guo Y H, Wang J, Wang Z M, Liu S F, Su R. Bull Mineral Petrol Geochm, 2007; (26): 607 (¼Ð,,, Ã, ². Å Ç ß, 2007; (26): 607) [15] Fujii T, Kodama T, Baba H. Corros Sci, 198; 2: 901 [16] Drogowska M, Brossard L, Ménard H. Surf Coat Technol, 1988; 3: 383 [17] Reda M R, Alhajji J N. Corrosion, 1996; 52: 232 [18] Cantor A F, Park J K, Vaiyavatjamai P. J Am Water Works Assoc, 2003; 95(5): 112 [19] Wang C G, Dong J H, Ke W, Chen N. Acta Metall Sin, 2012; 8: 85 (»Á, Ò±Å,,., 2012; 8: 85) [20] Wang C G, Dong J H, Ke W, Chen N. Acta Metall Sin, 2012; 8: 1365 (»Á, Ò±Å,,., 2012; 8: 1365) [21] Abd El Meguid E A, Awad N K. Corros Sci, 2009; 51: 113 (º : )

Cl SO M AerMet CrMnSiMoVA 300M. (mass%) ÅC 0.40 Si 1.66 Mn 0.64 P S Cr 0.71 Ni 1.90 Mo 0.37 V Fe Ï Cr9 Ë Cr Ni Mo

Cl SO M AerMet CrMnSiMoVA 300M. (mass%) ÅC 0.40 Si 1.66 Mn 0.64 P S Cr 0.71 Ni 1.90 Mo 0.37 V Fe Ï Cr9 Ë Cr Ni Mo 32 6 Û Å µ Ȳ Vol.32 No.6 212 Ñ 12 Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and Protection Dec. 212 3M Cr9 Ì ÓÕ ¹ Ä Đ 1 Þ 1 ÚØÛ 1 ß Ü 1 Ð 2 1. ² ˱ Ç 183 2. ¹ 195 Ð : ¼ÈÒ Ë Ë± ± Å 3M Æ ± ÖÉ Ï (Ú Cr9 )

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