Basic rules. Scenarios. Scenario 1: Secondary conductors from a feeder-tapped transformer

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Phyllis Todd
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COMMENTS 5 Similar to feeder taps, covered in the last issue, transformer secondary conductors can be every bit as confusing. Let's take a closer look at 240.21(C) to help clear up any misconceptions.

1 COMMENTS 5 Similar to feeder taps, covered in the last issue, transformer secondary conductors can be every bit as confusing. Let's take a closer look at (C) to help clear up any misconceptions. Basic rules As with feeder taps, you can't use the rule provided in 240.4(B) for any transformer secondary conductor. Normally, you can use the next highest overcurrent protective device (OCPD) above the ampacity Similar to feeder taps, covered in the last issue, transformer secondary conductors can be every bit as confusing. Let's take a closer look at (C) to help clear up any misconceptions. Basic rules As with feeder taps, you can't use the next-size-up-ocpd rule provided in 240.4(B) for any transformer secondary conductor. Normally, you can use the next highest overcurrent protective device (OCPD) above the ampacity of the conductors being protected, but not with transformer secondary conductors. The rule is the same because the physics are the same. As with feeder taps, the sizing of that transformer secondary conductor depends on its length and application. Scenarios When we demystified feeder taps in the previous issue, we presented the information in an arrangement that differs from what you see in the NEC. We also described an easy way to pick the correct scenario from the five possible. That same tip applies to transformer secondary conductors, which also have five scenarios. Scenario 1: Secondary conductors from a feeder-tapped transformer. Scenario 2: Outside secondary conductors. Scenario 3: Secondary conductors not over 10 feet long. Scenario 4: Secondary conductors 10 to 25 feet long. Scenario 5: Secondary conductors 10 to 25 feet long, industrial installation. To pick the right one, answer three easy questions: 1. Is the transformer outside? Choose Scenario Is the secondary conductor under 10 feet long or between 10 and 25 feet long? Choose Scenario 3 or 4, but choose Scenario 5 if it's an industrial installation. 3. Is the transformer supplied by a feeder tap? Choose Scenario 1. Scenario 1: Secondary conductors from a feeder-tapped transformer

This one is simply a reference to 240.21(B)(3), so apply 240.21(B)(3) if you have a tap-supplied transformer. Scenario 2: Outside secondary conductors <b>fig. 1.

2 This one is simply a reference to (B)(3), so apply (B)(3) if you have a tap-supplied transformer. Scenario 2: Outside secondary conductors fig. 1. Under certain conditions, outside secondary conductors can be of unlimited length, without overcurrent protection at the point they receive their supply. Outside secondary conductors can be of unlimited length, without overcurrent protection at the point they receive their supply, if they (Fig. 1): Are suitably protected from physical damage in a raceway or manner approved by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ). Terminate at a single circuit breaker (or a single set of fuses) that limit the load to the ampacity of the conductors. Also: The OCPD for the ungrounded conductors must be an integral part of a disconnecting means or located immediately adjacent to it. The disconnecting means must be located at a readily accessible location near the point of entrance of the conductors. Scenario 3: Secondary conductors not over 10 feet long fig. 2. Depending on ampacity, secondary conductors can be installed up to 10 feet long, without overcurrent protection at the point they receive their supply. You can install secondary conductors up to 10 feet long, without overcurrent protection at the point they receive their supply, if they have an ampacity that is not less than (Fig. 2): The calculated load per Art The rating of the device supplied by the secondary conductors or the OCPD at the termination of the secondary conductors, and

3 One-tenth the rating of the OCPD (protecting the primary of the transformer) multiplied by the primary-to-secondary transformer voltage ratio. Also: Secondary conductors must not extend beyond the switchboard, panelboard, disconnecting means, or control devices they supply. Secondary conductors must be enclosed in a raceway. Overcurrent protection is not required on the secondary side of the transformer to protect the secondary conductors, but overcurrent protection is required for branch-circuit panelboards. This OCPD must be on the secondary side of the transformer, and typically it's within the panelboard. The FPN under (C)(2)(3) refers you to for the overcurrent protection requirements for panelboards. Scenario 4: Secondary conductors 10 to 25 feet long fig. 3. Make sure you follow these guidelines when installing secondary conductors up to 25 feet long (without overcurrent protection at the point they receive their supply). You can install secondary conductors up to 25 feet long, without overcurrent protection at the point they receive their supply, if they (Fig. 3): Have an ampacity that is at least the value of the primary-to-secondary voltage ratio multiplied by one-third of the rating of the OCPD that protects the primary of the transformer. Terminate in a single circuit breaker (or set of fuses) rated no more than the secondary conductor ampacity per [Table ]. Are protected from physical damage by being enclosed in a manner approved by the AHJ (such as within a raceway). Scenario 5: Taps 10 to 25 feet long, industrial installation In an industrial application (only), you can install secondary conductors up to 25 feet long, without overcurrent protection at the point they receive their supply if: The ampacity of the secondary conductors is at least the value of the secondary current rating of the transformer. The sum of the ratings of the secondary OCPDs doesn't exceed the ampacity of the secondary conductors. The secondary OCPDs are grouped. The secondary conductors are protected from physical damage by being enclosed in a manner approved by the AHJ (such as within a raceway). Test yourself

4 fig. 4. The primary overcurrent device can protect the secondary conductors of a 2-wire system if the primary device does not exceed the value determined by multiplying the secondary conductor ampacity by the secondary-to-primary voltage ratio. Now, let's see if you can put all this together to solve a practice problem. Question: What is the minimum size 15- foot secondary conductor required for a 2-wire, 480V to 120V indoor transformer rated 1.5kVA in an office installation (Fig. 4)? Based on those two easy questions, you select Scenario 4. Then, you size the secondary to comply with Scenario 4 requirements. To calculate the primary OCPD size, first we need to calculate the primary current. To do that, we need to know a couple of things: VA = 1,500VA E = 480V Now we can calculate primary current: Primary current = VA E = 1,500VA 480V = 3.13A Now we can calculate primary protection. Per 450.3(B), it has to be 167% of the primary current. So, 3.13A 1.67 = 5.22A. We can't apply the next size up rule, so we need a 5A OCPD. To calculate the secondary conductor size: Determine the primary to secondary voltage ratio: 480V 120V = 4. Multiply the primary OCPD size by 1/3: 5 1/3 = Multiply the two values together: = 6.67A. Look in the 60 C, Table for the smallest conductor with an ampacity larger than 6.67A. Answer: 14AWG. If you want more practice, try changing the transformer in the example above, and try different scenarios. For example, what if this is an industrial installation? Then, do the same thing but choose Scenario 5. You might find it useful to spend a few minutes trying different variations. This will help you better understand transformer tap conductor rules. They aren't difficult, if you can approach them methodically and apply those that fit your installation. If those confusing transformer secondary rules have ever tripped your personal breaker, that's understandable. But now you can steer through those rules with confidence. The next time you need to size secondary conductors, stop to answer a couple of easy questions. Then, select the correct scenario for your installation. With some transformer secondary conductors, you can use the primary OCPD to provide the overcurrent protection (just as you use the feeder OCPD to protect the feeder tap conductors). But, there's a catch: You can do this only for two specific transformer configurations. Those are: Single-phase transformer with 2-wire (single voltage) secondary. 3-phase delta-delta transformer with 3-wire (single voltage) secondary. And: The OCPDs for those transformers must be sized per Art The secondary conductors must meet the sizing minimum required by the installation type described in (C).

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Top 101 Rules of Understanding the NEC, Volume 1 Part 2: Rules 26 50 Figure 240 11 Figure 240 18 (B) Adjustable Circuit Breakers.

The ampere rating of adjustable-trip circuit breakers that have restricted access to the adjusting means is equal to their adjusted long-time pickup current settings.

(1) 10-Foot Feeder Tap. Feeder tap conductors up to 10 ft long are permitted without overcurrent protection if installed as follows: Figure 240 19 35 240.

13 Top 101 Rules of Understanding the NEC, Volume 1 Part 2: Rules Figure Figure (B) Adjustable Circuit Breakers. The ampere rating of an adjustable circuit breaker is equal to its maximum long-time pickup current setting. (C) Restricted-Access, Adjustable-Trip Circuit Breakers. The ampere rating of adjustable-trip circuit breakers that have restricted access to the adjusting means is equal to their adjusted long-time pickup current settings. Author s Comment: A 150A protection device is permitted to protect a 1 AWG conductor, which is rated 130A [Table ], on the load side of the 150A circuit breaker [240.4(B)]. (1) 10-Foot Feeder Tap. Feeder tap conductors up to 10 ft long are permitted without overcurrent protection if installed as follows: Figure Overcurrent Protection Location in Circuit Except as permitted by (A) through (G), overcurrent protection devices must be placed at the point where the branch or feeder conductors receive their power. A tap conductor cannot supply another tap conductor. In other words, you cannot make a tap from a tap. (A) Branch-Circuit Taps. Branch-circuit taps installed in accordance with are permitted. (B) Feeder Tap Conductors. Conductors can be tapped from a feeder if they are installed in accordance with (1) through (5). The next size up protection rule for conductors contained in 240.4(B) is not permitted to be used for feeder tap conductors. Question: What size tap conductor would be required for a 150A circuit breaker if the calculated continuous load was 100A? Figure (a) 3 AWG, rated 100A (c) 1 AWG, rated 130A (b) 2 AWG, rated 115A (d) 1/0 AWG, rated 150A Answer: (d) 1/0 AWG tap conductors would be required to supply the circuit breaker. Figure (1) The ampacity of the tap conductor must not be less than: a. The calculated load in accordance with Article 220, and b. The rating of the device supplied by the tap conductors or the overcurrent protective device at the termination of the tap conductors. Mike Holt Enterprises, Inc NEC.Code 50

Top 101 Rules of Understanding the NEC, Volume 1 Part 2: Rules 26 50 (2) The tap conductors must not extend beyond the equipment they supply.

14 Top 101 Rules of Understanding the NEC, Volume 1 Part 2: Rules (2) The tap conductors must not extend beyond the equipment they supply. (3) The tap conductors must be installed in a raceway if they leave the enclosure. (4) The tap conductors must have an ampacity not less than 10 percent of the ampacity of the overcurrent protection device that protects the feeder. (2) 25-Foot Feeder Tap. Feeder tap conductors up to 25 ft long are permitted without overcurrent protection if installed as follows: Figure Figure (1) The ampacity of the tap conductors must not be less than one-third the ampacity of the overcurrent protection device that protects the feeder. (2) The tap conductors terminate in a single circuit breaker, or set of fuses rated no greater than the tap conductor ampacity in accordance with [Table ]. (3) The tap conductors must be protected from physical damage by being enclosed in a manner approved by the authority having jurisdiction, such as within a raceway. (3) Taps Supplying a Transformer. Feeder tap conductors that supply a transformer must be installed as follows: (1) The primary tap conductors must have an ampacity not less than one-third the ampacity of the overcurrent protection device. (2) The secondary conductors must have an ampacity that, when multiplied by the ratio of the primary-to-secondary voltage, is at least one-third the rating of the overcurrent device that protects the feeder conductors. (3) The total length of the primary and secondary conductors must not exceed 25 ft. (4) Primary and secondary conductors must be protected from physical damage by being enclosed in a manner approved by the authority having jurisdiction, such as within a raceway. (5) Secondary conductors terminate in a single circuit breaker, or set of fuses rated no greater than the tap conductor ampacity in accordance with [Table ]. (4) 100 Ft Tap. Feeder tap conductors in a high bay manufacturing building (over 35 ft high at walls) can be run up to 100 ft without overcurrent protection if installed as follows: (1) Supervision ensures that only qualified persons service the systems. (2) Tap conductors aren t over 25 ft long horizontally and not over 100 ft in total length. (3) The ampacity of the tap conductors must not be less than one-third the ampacity of the overcurrent protection device that protects the feeder. (4) The tap conductors terminate in a single circuit breaker or set of fuses rated no greater than the tap conductor ampacity in accordance with [Table ]. (5) Tap conductors must be protected from physical damage by being enclosed in a manner approved by the authority having jurisdiction, such as within a raceway. (6) Tap conductors contain no splices. (7) Tap conductors are 6 AWG copper or 4 AWG aluminum or larger. (8) Tap conductors do not penetrate walls, floors, or ceilings. (9) The tap is made no less than 30 ft from the floor. (5) Outside Feeder Tap of Unlimited Length Rule. Outside feeder tap conductors can be of unlimited length without overcurrent protection at the point they receive their supply if installed as follows: Figure (1) The tap conductors must be suitably protected from physical damage in a raceway or manner approved by the authority having jurisdiction. (2) The tap conductors terminate at a single circuit breaker or a single set of fuses that limit the load to the ampacity of the conductors. (3) The overcurrent device for the tap conductors must be an integral part of the disconnecting means or it must be located immediately adjacent to it. (4) The disconnecting means must be located at a readily accessible location either outside the building or structure, or nearest the point of entry of the conductors. Mike Holt Enterprises, Inc NEC.Code 51

Top 101 Rules of Understanding the NEC, Volume 1 Part 2: Rules 26 50 ampacity by the secondary-to-primary transformer voltage ratio.

Figure 240 23 (a) 16 AWG (b) 14 AWG (c) 12 AWG (d) 10 AWG Figure 240 21 (C) Transformer Secondary Conductors.

The next size up protection rule for conductors contained in 240.4(B) is not permitted to be used for transformer secondary conductors.

15 Top 101 Rules of Understanding the NEC, Volume 1 Part 2: Rules ampacity by the secondary-to-primary transformer voltage ratio. Question: What is the minimum size secondary conductor required for a 2-wire 480V to 120V transformer rated 1.5 kva? Figure (a) 16 AWG (b) 14 AWG (c) 12 AWG (d) 10 AWG Figure (C) Transformer Secondary Conductors. Each set of conductors feeding separate loads can be connected to a transformer secondary, without overcurrent protection at the secondary, in accordance with (1) through (6). The next size up protection rule for conductors contained in 240.4(B) is not permitted to be used for transformer secondary conductors. Figure Figure Answer: (b) 14 AWG Primary Current = VA/E VA = 1,500 VA E = 480V Primary Current = 1,500 VA/480V Primary Current = 3.13A Primary Protection [450.3(B)] = 3.13A x 1.67 = 5.22A or 5A Fuse Secondary Current = 1,500 VA/120V Secondary Current = 12.5A Secondary Conductor = 14 AWG, rated 20A at 60ºC, Table Figure (1) Protection by Primary Overcurrent Device. The primary overcurrent protection device sized in accordance with 450.3(B) can protect the secondary conductors of a 2-wire system or a 3-wire three-phase, delta/delta connected system, provided the primary protection device does not exceed the value determined by multiplying the secondary conductor The 5A primary protection device can be used to protect 14 AWG secondary conductors because it doesn t exceed the value determined by multiplying the secondary conductor ampacity by the secondary-to-primary transformer voltage ratio (5A = 20A x 120V/480V). (2) 10 Ft Secondary Conductor. Secondary conductors can be run up to 10 ft without overcurrent protection if installed as follows: Figure (1) The ampacity of the secondary conductor must not be less than: Mike Holt Enterprises, Inc NEC.Code 52

Top 101 Rules of Understanding the NEC, Volume 1 Part 2: Rules 26 50 Figure 240 25 Figure 240 24 a. The calculated load in accordance with Article 220, b.

Not less than one-tenth the rating of the overcurrent device protecting the primary of the transformer, multiplied by the primary-to-secondary transformer voltage ratio.

Author s Comment: Lighting and appliance branch-circuit panelboards must have overcurrent protection located on the secondary side of the transformer [408.36(D)].

16 Top 101 Rules of Understanding the NEC, Volume 1 Part 2: Rules Figure Figure a. The calculated load in accordance with Article 220, b. The rating of the device supplied by the secondary conductors or the overcurrent protective device at the termination of the secondary conductors, and c. Not less than one-tenth the rating of the overcurrent device protecting the primary of the transformer, multiplied by the primary-to-secondary transformer voltage ratio. (2) The secondary conductors must not extend beyond the switchboard, panelboard, disconnecting means, or control devices they supply. (3) The secondary conductors must be enclosed in a raceway. Author s Comment: Lighting and appliance branch-circuit panelboards must have overcurrent protection located on the secondary side of the transformer [408.36(D)]. Figure (3) Industrial Installation Secondary Conductors not Over 25 Ft. For industrial installations, secondary conductors can be run up to 25 ft without overcurrent protection if installed as follows: (1) The secondary conductor ampacity isn t less than: The secondary current rating of the transformer, and The sum of the ratings of the overcurrent devices. (2) Secondary overcurrent devices are grouped. (3) Secondary conductors must be protected from physical damage by being enclosed in a raceway or manner approved by the authority having jurisdiction. (4) Outside Secondary Conductors of Unlimited Length. Outside secondary conductors can be of unlimited length without overcurrent protection at the point they receive their supply if they are installed as follows: Figure Figure (1) The conductors must be suitably protected from physical damage in a raceway or manner approved by the authority having jurisdiction. (2) The conductors terminate at a single circuit breaker or a single set of fuses that limit the load to the ampacity of the conductors. Mike Holt Enterprises, Inc NEC.Code 53

17 Top 101 Rules of Understanding the NEC, Volume 1 Part 2: Rules (3) The overcurrent device for the ungrounded conductors must be an integral part of a disconnecting means or it must be located immediately adjacent thereto. (4) The disconnecting means must be located at a readily accessible location that complies with one of the following: a. Outside of a building or structure. b. Inside, nearest the point of entrance of the conductors. c. Where installed in accordance with 230.6, nearest the point of entrance of the conductors. (5) Secondary Conductors from a Feeder Tapped Transformer. Transformer secondary conductors must be installed in accordance with (B)(3). (6) 25-Foot Secondary Conductor. Secondary conductors can be run up to 25 ft without overcurrent protection if installed as follows: Figure (1) The secondary conductors must have an ampacity that when multiplied by the ratio of the primary-to-secondary voltage isn t less than one-third the rating of the overcurrent device that protects the primary of the transformer. (2) Secondary conductors terminate in a single circuit breaker or set of fuses rated no greater than the tap conductor ampacity in accordance with [Table ]. (3) The secondary conductors must be protected from physical damage by being enclosed in a manner approved by the authority having jurisdiction, such as within a raceway. Question: True or False. A kva, 120/208V three-phase transformer would be required to terminate in a 400A protection device, with 600 kcmil conductors from the secondary to the line side of the disconnect, but 500 kcmil conductors could be used on the load side! (a) True Answer: (a) True (b) False Secondary Current = VA/(E x 1.732) Secondary Current = 112,500 VA/208 x Secondary Current = 313A Secondary Overcurrent Protection Device Size = 313 x 1.25 [215.3] Secondary Overcurrent Protection Device Size = 391 Secondary Overcurrent Protection Device Size = 400A [240.6] Secondary Conductor Size = 600 kcmil rated 420A, Table at 75 C Conductors leaving the 400A protection device can be 500 kcmil. See 240.4(B). (D) Service Conductors. Service-entrance conductors must be protected against overload in accordance with Figure Mike Holt Enterprises, Inc NEC.Code 54

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20 ß ½» ìëð Ì ² º± ³» ²¼ Ì ² º± ³» Ê «ø ²½ «¼ ²¹ Í»½±²¼ Ì» ìëðòì êððû êððû Ì ² º± ³» ô ±ª» ïððð Ê ï õ î õ í õ ì õ ë õ ê Ì ² º± ³» ô ±ª» ïððð Ê ²± ¹»» ² íððû íððû ï î í ì ë ê ÛÈØ Þ Ì ìëðòï ß ² º± ³»»¼ ±ª» ïððð ª±»½±²¼»¼ ±ª» ïððð ª± ô»½±²¼ ±»½ ±² ½±² ²¹ ±º ½ ½«¾» µ» ò Ì» «³ ±º» ²¹ ±º» ½ ½«¾» µ» ²±» ³»¼ ±» ½»»¼ íðð» ½»² ±º»»¼»½±²¼ ½² ò Ì ² º± ³» ô ±ª» ïððð Ê íððû ²± ¹»» ² îëðû ÛÈØ Þ Ì ìëðòî ß ² º± ³»»¼ ±ª» ïððð ª±»½±²¼»¼ ±ª» ïððð ª± ô»½±²¼ ±»½ ±² ½±² ²¹ ±º º ²¼ ½ ½«¾» µ» ò Ì» «³ ±º» ²¹ ±º» ±ª» ½² ¼»ª ½» ²±» ³»¼ ±» ½»»¼» ²¹» ³»¼ º± º ò ï ï î í ì ë ê õ î õ í õ ì õ ë õ ê Û ¾ ìëðòí º«º»» ³»² ±º ¾± ² ±½ ±² ²¼ ª»¼ ±½ ±² ±² ò Í»»» ½±³³»² º± ± ²¹ ìëðòí»¹ ¼ ²¹» ±»½ó ±² ±º ² º± ³» ³ ²¼»½±²¼ ½±²¼«½ ± ò øþ Ì ² º± ³» ïððð Ê± ô Ò±³ ² ô ± Ô» ò Ñª» ½² ±»½ ±² ¾» ±ª ¼»¼ ² ½½± ¼ ²½» Ì ¾» ìëðòíøþ ò ÛÈØ Þ Ì ìëðòí ß ² º± ³» êó» ½»² ³»¼ ²½» ²¼»¼ ±ª» ïððð ª± «²¹ ½ ½«ó¾» µ» ±»½ ±² º± ¾±» ³ ²¼»»½±²¼ ò Þ±» ³ ²¼»»½±²¼ ª± ¹»» ±ª» ïððð ª± ò Ì» ²¹ ±» ²¹ ±º» ÑÝÐÜ ±¾ ²»¼ º ±³ Ì ¾» ìëðòíøþ» ¾»¼ ±²» ² º± ³» ó»¼ ½² ²¼»»»½±²¼ó ±»½ ±² ±ª ¼»¼ò ß½½± ¼ ²¹ ± Ì ¾» ìëðòíøþ ô» ³ ó ³«³ ²¹ ±» ²¹ ±º ÑÝÐÜ º± ² º± ³»»¼ ïððð ª± ²¼»»»»¼ ² ± ± ½»¹±» æ ³ ±² ±ó»½ ±² ²¼ ³ ²¼»½±²¼ ±»½ ±²ò Ì ² º± ³» ³«¾» ±»½»¼ ¾»» ±º ± ³» ±¼ ò Ó» ±¼ ï» ³ ±»½ ±² ±² ò Ó» ±¼ î» »½±²¼ ¼» ±ª» ½² ±»½ ±² ²± ³±» ² ïîë ± ïêé» ½»² ø¼»»²¼ ²¹ ±²»½±²¼ ½² ²¹ ô ±ª ¼»¼» ³ ¼» ±ª» ½² ±»½ ±² ²± ³±» ² îëð» ó ½»² ±º» ³ ¼» ½² ²¹ò ß²» ³» ±º ³ ±² ±»½ ±² ± ² ² Û ¾ ìëðòìò ß²» ³» ±º ³ ²¼»½±²¼ ±»½ ±² ± ² ² Û ¾ ìëðòëò Ú± ±ª» ½² ±»½ ±² ±º ³± ± ½±²ó ± ½ ½«² º± ³» ô»» ìíðòéîøý ò Í»»» ½±³³»² º± ± ²¹ ìëðòí»¹ ¼ ²¹» ±»½ó ±² ±º ² º± ³» ³ ²¼»½±²¼ ½±²¼«½ ± ò Û ½» ±²æ É»»» ² º± ³» ²»¼ ³± ± ½±² ± ½ ½«² º± ³» ² ½½± ¼ ²½» ìíðòéîøý øï ±«¹ øý øë ò øý Ê± ¹» øð±»² Ì ² º± ³» ò Ê± ¹» ø ±»² ² º± ³» ²»¼ ²¼±± ±»²½ ±»¼ ¾» ±»½»¼ ³ º ò ²º± ³ ±² Ò±»æ Ú± ±»½ ±² ±º ² «³»² ½ ½«²½ «¼ó ²¹ ª± ¹» ² º± ³» ô»» ìðèòëîò ìëðòì ß«± ² º± ³» ïððð Ê± ô Ò±³ ² ô ± Ô» øß Ñª» ½² Ð ±»½ ±²ò Û ½ «± ² º± ³» ïððð ª± ô ²±³ ² ô ±» ¾» ±»½»¼ ¾ ² ²¼ ª ¼«±ª» ½² ¼»ª ½» ²»¼ ²»»» ½ «²¹ ±«²¼»¼ ² «½±²¼«½ ± ò Í«½ ±ª» ½² ¼»ª ½» ¾»»¼ ±» ²± ³±» ² ïîë» ½»² ±º»»¼ º«ó ± ¼ ² «½² ±º» «± ² ó º± ³» ò É»» ½ ½«±² ¼±» ²± ½±» ±²¼ ± ²¼ ¼ Ò ±² Û»½ ½ Ý±¼» Ø ²¼¾±±µ îðïì ëíç

21 ìëðòì ß ½» ìëð Ì ² º± ³» ²¼ Ì ² º± ³» Ê «ø ²½ «¼ ²¹ Í»½±²¼ Ì» ÌßÞÔÛ ìëðòíøþ Ó ³«³ Î ²¹ ± Í» ²¹ ±º Ñª» ½² Ð ±»½ ±² º± Ì ² º± ³» ïððð Ê± ²¼ Ô» ø Ð» ½»² ¹» ±º Ì ² º± ³» óî»¼ Ý² Ð ³ Ð ±»½ ±² Í»½±²¼ Ð ±»½ ±² øí»» Ò±» îò Ð ±»½ ±² Ó» ±¼ Ý² ±º ç ß³»» ± Ó±» Ý² Ô» Ì ² ç ß³»» Ý² Ô» Ì ² î ß³»» Ý² ±º ç ß³»» ± Ó±» Ý² Ô» Ì ² ç ß³»» Ð ³ ±² ±»½ ±² Ð ³ ²¼»½±²¼ ±»½ ±² ïîëû ïêéû íððû Ò±» ¼ Ò±» ¼ îëðû øí»» Ò±» íò îëðû øí»» Ò±» íò îëðû øí»» Ò±» íò ïîëû ïêéû Ò±» æ ïò É»» ïîë» ½»² ±º ½² ¼±» ²± ½±» ±²¼ ± ²¼ ¼ ²¹ ±º º ± ²±² ¼ «¾» ½ ½«¾» µ» ô ¹» ²¹ ¼±» ²±» ½»»¼» ²» ¹» ²¼ ¼ ²¹ ¾»» ³»¼ò îò É»»»½±²¼ ±ª» ½² ±»½ ±²» ¼ô»»½±²¼ ±ª» ½² ¼»ª ½» ¾»» ³»¼ ± ½±² ±º ²± ³±» ² ½ ½«¾» µ» ±» ±º º ¹ ±¼ ² ±²» ±½ ±²ò É»» ³ ±ª» ó ½² ¼»ª ½»» ¼ô» ± ±º» ¼»ª ½» ²¹ ²±» ½»»¼» ±»¼ ª ±º ²¹» ±ª» ó ½² ¼»ª ½»ò íò ß ² º± ³»» ¼ ½±± ¼ ²»¼» ³ ±ª» ± ¼ ±»½ ±² ¾» ³ ²«º ½ ²¼ ²¹»¼ ± ²» ³ ½² ¾»» ³»¼ ± ª» ³ ±ª» ½² ±»½ ±²»¼ ±» ½² ª ²± ³±» ² ³»»»¼ ½² ±º» ² º± ³» º± ² º± ³» ª ²¹ ²± ³±» ² ê» ½»² ³»¼ ²½» ²¼ ²± ³±» ² º±«³»»»¼ ½² ±º» ² º± ³» º± ² º± ³» ª ²¹ ³±» ² ê» ½»² ¾«²± ³±» ² ïð» ½»² ³»¼ ²½»ò Ð ³ Ñª» ½² Ð ±»½ ±² Ñ² Ð ³ ²¼ Í»½±²¼ Ñª» ½² Ð ±»½ ±² Ð ³ ±ª» ½² ±»½ ±² øïîëû ø³ ¾» ½ ½«¾» µ» Ð ³ ±ª» ½² ±»½ ±² øîëðû ø³ ¾» ½ ½«¾» µ» Ì ² º± ³» ô ïððð Ê ±» Ì ² º± ³» ô ïððð Ê ±» Ð ²» ¾± ¼ Í»½±²¼ ±ª» ½² ±»½ ±² øïîëû ø³ ½±² ±º ï ± ê ½ ½«¾» µ» ± ï ± ê» ±º º Ð ²» ¾± ¼ ÛÈØ Þ Ì ìëðòì ß ² º± ³» ø ½² ±º ç ³»» ± ³±»»¼ ïððð ª± ±» ±² ³ ±ª» ½² ±»½ ±²ò ÛÈØ Þ Ì ìëðòë ß ² º± ³» øç ³»» ± ³±»»¼ ïððð ª± ±» ²¼ ±»½»¼ ¾ ½±³¾ ² ±² ±º ³ ²¼»½±²¼ ±ª» ½² ±»½ ±²ò ëìð îðïì Ò ±² Û»½ ½ Ý±¼» Ø ²¼¾±±µ

introduction This Article contains requirements for the installation of all transformers. 101 450.

FPN 2: 4-wire three-phase 120/208V or 277/480V systems that supply nonlinear line-to-neutral loads can overheat because of triplen harmonic currents (3rd, 9th, 15th, 21st, etc.) [450.9 FPN 2].

Where 125 percent of the primary current doesn t correspond to a standard rating of a fuse or nonadjustable circuit breaker, the next higher rating is permitted [240.6(A)].

22 introduction This Article contains requirements for the installation of all transformers Overcurrent Protection Overcurrent protection of the primary winding of a transformer not exceeding 600V must comply with (B). FPN 2: 4-wire three-phase 120/208V or 277/480V systems that supply nonlinear line-to-neutral loads can overheat because of triplen harmonic currents (3rd, 9th, 15th, 21st, etc.) [450.9 FPN 2]. Figure Table 450.3(B) Primary Protection only Primary Current Rating Maximum Protection 9A or More 125%, see Note 1 Less Than 9A 167% Less Than 2A 300% Note 1. Where 125 percent of the primary current doesn t correspond to a standard rating of a fuse or nonadjustable circuit breaker, the next higher rating is permitted [240.6(A)]. Question: What is the primary protection device rating and conductor size required for a 45 kva, three-phase, 480V 120/208V transformer that is fully loaded? Terminals are rated 75 C. Figure (a) 8 AWG, 40A (c) 6 AWG, 60A (b) 6 AWG, 50A (d) 4 AWG, 70A Figure Author s Comment: For more information on this subject, visit (B) Overcurrent Protection for Transformers Not Over 600V. The primary winding of a transformer must be protected against overcurrent in accordance with the percentages listed in Table 450.3(B) and all applicable notes. Figure Mike Holt Enterprises, Inc NEC.Code 162

Top 101 Rules of Understanding the NEC, Volume 1 Part 4: Rules 76 101 Answer: (d) 70A Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Primary current I = VA/(E x 1.732) I = 45,000 VA/(480V x 1.

23 Top 101 Rules of Understanding the NEC, Volume 1 Part 4: Rules Answer: (d) 70A Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Primary current I = VA/(E x 1.732) I = 45,000 VA/(480V x 1.732) I = 54A The primary protection device rating [240.6(A)] 54A x 1.25 = 68A, next size up 70A, Note 1 The primary conductor must be sized to carry 54A continuously (54A x 1.25 = 68A) [215.2(A)(1)] and be protected by a 70A protection device [240.4(A)]. A 4 AWG conductor rated 85A at 75 C meets all of the requirements [110.14(C)(1) and ]. Secondary current I = VA/(E x 1.732) I = 45,000 VA/ (208V x 1.732), = 125A Author s Comment: Secondary conductors having a maximum length of 25 ft that terminate in an overcurrent protection device that doesn t exceed the ampacity of the conductors, must be sized at 125 percent of the continuous load [215.2(A)(1) and (C)(6)]. Question: What is the secondary conductor size required for a 45 kva, three-phase, 480V 120/208V transformer, that supplies a 200A lighting and appliance panelboard that is fully loaded? Terminals are rated 75 C. Figure (a) 1 AWG (b) 1/0 AWG (c) 2/0 AWG (d) 3/0 AWG Answer: (c) 2/0 AWG Step 1: Secondary current I = VA/(E x 1.732) I = 45,000 VA/(208V x 1.732) I = 125A Figure Step 2: Secondary conductors must be sized to 125 percent of the continuous load [215.2(A)(1)]. 125A x 1.25 = 156A, 2/0 AWG rated 175A at 75 C termination Secondary conductors must terminate in an overcurrent protection device that doesn t exceed the ampacity of the conductors [240.21(C)(6)]. 2/0 AWG, rated 175A at 75 C, terminating on a 175A protection device meets this requirement. Mike Holt Enterprises, Inc NEC.Code 163

Client: Kommunalkredit Austria AG, Türkenstraße 9, A-1092 Wien, Phone: (+43-1) , Fax: (+43-1) ,

Client: Kommunalkredit Austria AG, Türkenstraße 9, A-1092 Wien, Phone: (+43-1) , Fax: (+43-1) , Û ² óý±² ½ ²¹ º$ Û²» ¹ Ð» º± ³ ²½» µ» ²» Ý±² ½ ²¹ «²¼ ³» ¹ ±A» º± Ù»³» ²¼»² Í³ ²¼ ² Ó»¼ «³óÍ»¼ J»» ½ æ Ó«² ½» æ Û ² Î ¹»¾» ò Ù«¼» ²» º± Í«½½» ßÐÎ Ô îððð ENERGY Û²» ¹ Ð» º± ³ ²½» Ý±² ½ ²¹ º± Í³ ²¼ Ó»¼