Chapter 2 Wiring and Protection Article 200 Use and Identification of Grounded Neutral Conductor Chapter 1 General...9

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1 Article 90 Introduction Purpose of the NEC Scope of the NEC Code Arrangement Enforcement Mandatory Requirements and Explanatory Material Formal Interpretations Examination of Equipment for Product Safety Units of Measurement...7 Article 90 Questions...8 Chapter 1 General...9 Article 100 Definitions...11 Article 110 Requirements for Electrical Installations...31 Part I. General Requirements Scope Approval of Equipment Examination, Identification, Installation, and Use of Equipment Voltages Copper Conductors Conductor Sizes Conductor Insulation Suitable Wiring Methods Interrupting Protection Rating Short-Circuit Current Rating Deteriorating Agents Mechanical Execution of Work Mounting and Cooling of Equipment Conductor Termination High-Leg Conductor Identification Flash Protection Warning Manufacturer s Markings Identification of Disconnecting Means...43 Part II. 600V, Nominal or Less Spaces About Electrical Equipment Guarding...48 Article 110 Questions...49 Chapter 2 Wiring and Protection...51 Article 200 Use and Identification of Grounded Neutral Conductor Scope Identification of the Grounded Neutral Conductor Use of White or Gray Color Terminal Identification Identification of Terminals Polarity...57 Article 200 Questions...58 Article 210 Branch Circuits...59 Part I. General Provisions Scope Other Articles Branch-Circuit Rating Multiwire Branch Circuits Identification for Branch Circuits Branch-Circuit Voltage Limitation Branch-Circuit Receptacle Requirements GFCI-Protected Receptacles Branch-Circuits Required Arc-Fault Circuit-Interrupter (AFCI) Protection Guest Rooms and Guest Suites...71 Part II. Branch-Circuit Ratings Conductor Sizing Overcurrent Protection Outlet Device Rating Permissible Loads Common Area Branch Circuits...75 vi

2 Understanding the National Electrical Code, Volume 1 Part III. Required Outlets General Dwelling Unit Receptacle Outlet Requirements Receptacles in Guest Rooms or Guest Suites for Hotels and Motels Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Refrigeration Equipment (HACR) Lighting Outlet Requirements...82 Article 210 Questions...85 Article 215 Feeders Scope Minimum Rating Overcurrent Protection High-Leg Conductor Identification Ground-Fault Protection of Equipment Identification for Feeders...89 Article 215 Questions...91 Article 220 Branch-Circuit, Feeder, and Service Calculations...93 Part I. General Scope Application of Other Articles Calculations...94 Part II. Branch-Circuit Load Calculations General Lighting Other Loads All Occupancies Maximum Load on a Branch Circuit...99 Part III. Feeder and Service Calculations General General Lighting Demand Factors Commercial Show Window and Track Lighting Load Commercial Receptacle Load Motor Load Fixed Electric Space-Heating Load Dwelling Unit Small-Appliance and Laundry Load Dwelling Unit Appliance Load Dwelling Unit Electric Clothes Dryer Load Dwelling Unit Electric Ranges and Cooking Appliances Commercial Kitchen Equipment Load Noncoincident Loads Feeder/Service Neutral Unbalanced Load Part IV. Optional Calculations for Computing Feeder and Service Loads Dwelling Unit Optional Load Calculation Table of Contents Multifamily Optional Load Calculation Optional Calculation Two Dwelling Units Article 220 Questions Article 225 Outside Wiring Part I General Requirements Scope Other Articles Minimum Size Conductors Luminaires Installed Outdoors Supports Over Buildings Attachment Masts as Support Clearances Clearances from Buildings Raceways on Exterior Surfaces of Buildings or Other Structures Trees for Conductor Support Part II. More Than One Building or Structure Number of Supplies Disconnecting Means Disconnect Location Maximum Number of Disconnects Grouping of Disconnects Access to Occupants Identified as Suitable for Service Equipment Identification of Multiple Supplies Disconnect Construction Rating of Disconnecting Means Article 225 Questions Article 230 Services Part I. General Scope Number of Services Pass Through a Building or Structure Conductors Considered Outside a Building Service Conductors Separate from Other Conductors Raceway Seals Clearance from Building Openings Vegetation as Support Part II. Overhead Service-Drop Conductors Size and Rating Clearances Point of Attachment Means of Attachment Service Masts Used as Supports vii

3 Table of Contents Understanding the National Electrical Code, Volume 1 Part III. Underground Service-Lateral Conductors Size and Rating Protection Against Damage Part IV. Service Entrance Conductors Number of Service-Entrance Conductor Sets Size and Rating Wiring Methods Cable Trays Spliced Conductors Protection Against Physical Damage Aboveground Service Cable Supports Connections at Weatherheads High-Leg Identification Part V. Service Equipment General Identified as Suitable for Service Equipment Part VI. Service Equipment Disconnecting Means General Number of Disconnects Grouping of Disconnects Manual or Power Operated Rating of Disconnect Equipment Connected to the Supply Side of the Service Disconnect Part VII. Service Equipment Overcurrent Protection Overload Protection Required Ground-Fault Protection of Equipment Article 230 Questions Article 240 Overcurrent Protection Part I. General Scope Definitions Protection of Equipment Protection of Conductors Protection of Flexible Cords and Fixture Wires Standard Ampere Ratings Supplementary Overcurrent Protection Ground-Fault Protection of Equipment Part II. Location Ungrounded Conductors Overcurrent Protection Location in Circuit Location of Overcurrent Protection Devices Part III. Enclosures Damp or Wet Locations Vertical Position Part V. Plug Fuses, Fuseholders, and Adapters Edison-Base Fuse Type S Fuses Type S Fuses, Adapters, and Fuseholders Part VI. Cartridge Fuses and Fuseholders General Classification Part VII. Circuit Breakers Method of Operation Indicating Markings Applications Article 240 Questions Article 250 Grounding and Bonding Part I. General Scope Definitions General Requirements for Grounding and Bonding Objectionable Current Termination of Grounding and Bonding Conductors Protection of Fittings Clean Surface Part II. System Grounding and Bonding Systems Required to be Grounded and Bonded Grounding and Bonding at Service Equipment Main Bonding Jumper and System Bonding Jumper Grounding and Bonding of Separately Derived AC Systems Buildings or Structures Supplied by a Feeder or Branch Circuit Generators Portable and Vehicle-Mounted High-Impedance Grounded Neutral Systems Part III. Grounding Electrode System and Grounding Electrode Conductor Grounding Electrode System Grounding (Earthing) Electrodes Installation of Grounding Electrode System Supplementary Electrodes Resistance of Ground Rod Electrode Common Grounding (Earthing) Electrode Lightning Protection System Grounding (Earthing) Electrode Grounding Electrode Conductor Material Grounding Electrode Conductor Installation viii

4 Understanding the National Electrical Code, Volume 1 Table of Contents Grounding Electrode Conductor Size Grounding Electrode Conductor Termination Grounding Electrode Conductor Termination Fitting Part IV. Grounding (Bonding) of Enclosure, Raceway, and Service Cable Service Enclosures Other Enclosures Part V. Bonding Service Bonding Grounding (Bonding) of Communications Systems Bonding Other Enclosures Bonding 277V/480V Bonding Hazardous (Classified) Locations Bonding Jumper Bonding of Piping Systems and Exposed Structural Metal Lightning Protection System Part VI. Equipment Grounding (Bonding) and Equipment Grounding (Bonding) Conductors Fixed Equipment Connected by Permanent Wiring Methods General Fixed Equipment Connected by Permanent Wiring Methods Specific Equipment Connected by Cord and Plug Types of Equipment Grounding (Bonding) Conductors Identification of Equipment Grounding (Bonding) Conductor Sizing Equipment Grounding (Bonding) Conductor Identification of Wiring Device Terminals Part VII. Methods of Equipment Grounding (Bonding) Equipment Grounding (Bonding) Conductor Connections Grounding (Bonding) Fixed Equipment Grounding (Bonding) Cord-and-Plug Connected Equipment Grounding (Bonding) Ranges, Ovens, and Clothes Dryers Use of Grounded Neutral Conductor for Equipment Grounding (Bonding) Connecting Receptacle Grounding Terminal to Box Continuity and Attachment of Equipment Grounding (Bonding) Conductors to Boxes Article 250 Questions Article 280 Surge Arresters Part I. General Scope Definition Number Required Surge Arrester Selection Part II. Installation Location Routing of Conductors Part III. Connecting Surge Arresters Installed at Services of Less Than 1,000V Installed on the Load Side of Services of Less Than 1,000V Article 280 Questions Article 285 Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors (TVSSs) Part I. General Scope Definition Uses Not Permitted Number Required Listing Short-Circuit Current Rating Part II. Installation Location Routing of Conductors Part III. Connecting Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors Connection Article 285 Questions Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials Article 300 Wiring Methods Part I. General Requirements Scope Conductors Protection Against Physical Damage Underground Installations Protection Against Corrosion and Deterioration Raceways Exposed to Different Temperatures Not Permitted in Raceways Electrical Continuity Securing and Supporting ix

5 Table of Contents Understanding the National Electrical Code, Volume Mechanical Continuity Splices and Pigtails Length of Free Conductors Boxes or Conduit Bodies Raceway Sizing Inserting Conductors in Raceways Supporting Conductors in Vertical Raceways Induced Currents in Metal Parts Spread of Fire or Products of Combustion Ducts, Plenums, and Air-Handling Spaces Panels Designed to Allow Access Article 300 Questions Article 310 Conductors For General Wiring Scope Conductors Stranded Conductors Conductors in Parallel Minimum Size Conductors Location Corrosive Conditions Insulation Temperature Limitation Conductor Identification Conductor Construction Conductor Ampacity Article 310 Questions Article 312 Cabinets, Cutout Boxes, and Meter Socket Enclosures Scope Part I. Installation Damp, Wet, or Hazardous (Classified) Locations Installed in Walls Repairing Gaps Around Plaster, Drywall, or Plasterboard Edges Enclosures Used for Raceway and Splices Article 312 Questions Article 314 Outlet, Device, Pull and Junction Boxes, Conduit Bodies, and Handhole Enclosures Part I. Scope and General Scope Nonmetallic Boxes Metal Boxes Short-Radius Conduit Bodies Part II. Installation Damp, Wet, or Hazardous (Classified) Locations Number of 6 AWG and Smaller Conductors in Boxes and Conduit Bodies Conductors That Enter Boxes or Conduit Bodies Boxes Recessed in Walls or Ceilings Repairing Gaps Around Boxes Surface Extensions Support of Boxes and Conduit Bodies Covers and Canopies Outlet Box Boxes and Conduit Bodies for Conductors 4 AWG and Larger Wiring to be Accessible Handhole Enclosures Article 314 Questions Article 320 Armored Cable (Type AC) Part I. General Scope Definition Part II. Installation Uses Permitted Uses Not Permitted Exposed Work Through or Parallel to Framing Members In Accessible Attics or Roof Spaces Bends Secured and Supported Boxes and Fittings Conductor Ampacities Part III. Construction Specifications Construction Equipment Grounding (Bonding) Article 320 Questions Article 330 Metal-Clad Cable (Type MC) Part I. General Scope Definition Part II. Installation Uses Permitted Uses Not Permitted Through or Parallel to Framing Members In Accessible Attics or Roof Spaces Bends Part II. Installation Secured and Supported x

6 Understanding the National Electrical Code, Volume 1 Table of Contents Fittings Conductor Ampacities Part III. Construction Specifications Equipment Grounding (Bonding) Article 330 Questions Article 334 Nonmetallic-Sheathed Cable (Types NM and NMC) Part I. General Scope Definition Listed Part II. Installation Uses Permitted Uses Not Permitted Exposed Through or Parallel to Framing Members Attics and Roof Spaces Bends Secured or Supported Conductor Ampacity Part III. Construction Specifications Construction Conductors Equipment Grounding Insulation Article 334 Questions Article 336 Power and Control Tray Cable (Type TC) Part I. General Scope Definition Part II. Installation Uses Permitted Uses Not Permitted Article 336 Questions Article 338 Service-Entrance Cables (Types SE and USE) Part I. General Scope Definition Part II. Installation Uses Permitted Bends Article 338 Questions Article 340 Underground Feeder and Branch-Circuit Cable (Type UF) Part I. General Scope Definition Listing Requirements Part II. Installation Uses Permitted Uses Not Permitted Bends Ampacity Insulation Article 340 Questions Article 342 Intermediate Metal Conduit (Type IMC) Part I. General Scope Definition Listing Requirements Part II. Installation Uses Permitted Dissimilar Metals Trade Size Number of Conductors Bends Number of Bends (360 ) Reaming Secured and Supported Couplings and Connectors Bushings Article 342 Questions Article 344 Rigid Metal Conduit (Type RMC) Part I. General Scope Definition Listing Requirements Part II. Installation Uses Permitted Dissimilar Metals Trade Size Number of Conductors Bends Number of Bends (360 ) Reaming Secured and Supported Couplings and Connectors xi

7 Table of Contents Understanding the National Electrical Code, Volume Bushings Article 344 Questions Article 348 Flexible Metal Conduit (Type FMC) Part I. General Scope Definition Listing Requirements Part II. Installation Uses Permitted Uses Not Permitted Trade Size Number of Conductors Bends Number of Bends (360 ) Trimming Secured and Supported Fittings Bonding Article 348 Questions Article 350 Liquidtight Flexible Metal Conduit (Type LFMC) Part I. General Scope Definition Listing Requirement Part II. Installation Uses Permitted Uses Not Permitted Trade Size Number of Conductors Bends Number of Bends (360 ) Secured and Supported Fittings Bonding Article 350 Questions Article 352 Rigid Nonmetallic Conduit (Type RNC) Part I. General Scope Definition Part II. Installation Uses Permitted Uses Not Permitted Trade Size Number of Conductors Bends Number of Bends (360 ) Trimming Secured and Supported Expansion Fittings Bushings Joints Grounding (Bonding) Article 352 Questions Article 353 High-Density Polyethylene Conduit (Type HDPE) Part I. General Scope Definition Listing Requirements Part II. Installation Uses Permitted Uses Not Permitted Trade Size Number of Conductors Bends How Made Bends Number in One Run Trimming Bushings Joints Splices and Taps Grounding (Bonding) Article 353 Questions Article 354 Nonmetallic Underground Conduit with Conductors (Type NUCC) Part I. General Scope Definition Listing Requirement Part II. Installation Uses Permitted Uses Not Permitted Trade Size Bends Number of Bends (360º) Trimming Bushings Joints Conductor Terminations Article 354 Questions xii

8 Understanding the National Electrical Code, Volume 1 Article 356 Liquidtight Flexible Nonmetallic Conduit (Type LFNC) Part I. General Scope Definition Listing Requirement Part II. Installation Uses Permitted Uses Not Permitted Trade Size Number of Conductors Bends Number of Bends (360 ) Secured and Supported Fittings Grounding (Bonding) Article 356 Questions Article 358 Electrical Metallic Tubing (Type EMT) Part I. General Scope Definition Listing Requirement Part II. Installation Uses Permitted Uses Not Permitted Trade Size Number of Conductors Bends Number of Bends (360 ) Reaming and Threading Secured and Supported Coupling and Connectors Article 358 Questions Article 362 Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing (Type ENT) Part I. General Scope Definition Part II. Installation Uses Permitted Uses Not Permitted Trade Sizes Number of Conductors Bends Number of Bends (360 ) Table of Contents Trimming Secured and Supported Bushings Joints Grounding (Bonding) Article 362 Questions Article 376 Metal Wireways Part I. General Scope Definition Part II. Installation Uses Permitted Uses Not Permitted Conductor Maximum Size Number of Conductors Wireway Sizing Supports Splices and Taps Article 376 Questions Article 378 Nonmetallic Wireways Part I. General Scope Definition Part II. Installation Uses Permitted Uses Not Permitted Conductor Maximum Size Number of Conductors Wireway Sizing Supports Expansion Fittings Splices and Taps Grounding (Bonding) Article 378 Questions Article 380 Multioutlet Assembly Scope Uses Through Partitions Article 380 Questions Article 384 Strut-Type Channel Raceways Part I. General Scope Definition xiii

9 Table of Contents Understanding the National Electrical Code, Volume 1 Part II. Installation Uses Permitted Uses Not Permitted Conductor Maximum Size Number of Conductors Securing and Supporting Splices and Taps Grounding (Bonding) Article 384 Questions Article 386 Surface Metal Raceways Part I. General Scope Definition Listing Requirements Part II. Installation Uses Permitted Uses Not Permitted Size of Conductors Number of Conductors Securing and Supporting Splices and Taps Grounding (Bonding) Separate Compartments Article 386 Questions Article 388 Surface Nonmetallic Raceways Part I. General Scope Definition Listing Requirements Part II. Installation Uses Permitted Uses Not Permitted Size of Conductors Number of Conductors Splices and Taps Grounding (Bonding) Separate Compartments Article 388 Questions Article 392 Cable Trays Scope Definition Uses Permitted Uses Not Permitted Installation Grounding (Bonding) Cable Installation Article 392 Questions Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use Article 400 Flexible Cords and Flexible Cables Scope Suitability Types of Flexible Cords and Flexible Cables Ampacity of Flexible Cords and Flexible Cables Uses Permitted Uses Not Permitted Pull at Joints and Terminals Overcurrent Protection Protection from Damage Article 400 Questions Article 402 Fixture Wires Scope Types Allowable Ampacity of Fixture Wires Minimum Size Raceway Size Grounded Neutral Conductor Uses Permitted Uses Not Permitted Overcurrent Protection Article 402 Questions Article 404 Switches Scope Switch Connections Switch Enclosures Wet Locations Position of Knife Switches Indicating Accessibility and Grouping Switch Cover Plates (Faceplate) Mounting Snap Switches Circuit Breakers Used as Switches Grounding (Bonding) Metal Enclosures Rating and Use of Snap Switches Switch Marking Article 404 Questions Article 406 Receptacles, Cord Connectors, and Attachment Plugs Caps Scope xiv

10 Understanding the National Electrical Code, Volume Receptacle Rating and Type General Installation Requirements Receptacle Mounting Receptacle Faceplates Attachment Plugs, Cord Connectors, and Flanged Surface Devices Receptacles in Damp or Wet Locations Connecting Receptacle Grounding Terminal to Box Article 406 Questions Article 408 Switchboards and Panelboards Part I. General Scope Arrangement of Busbars and Conductors Circuit Directory or Circuit Identification Clearance for Conductor Entering Bus Enclosures Unused Openings Part III. Panelboards Classification of Panelboards Number of Overcurrent Protection Devices Overcurrent Protection of Panelboard Panelboards in Damp or Wet Locations Grounding (Bonding) of Panelboards Grounded Neutral Conductor Terminations Article 408 Questions Article 410 Luminaires, Lampholders, and Lamps Part I. General Scope Part II. Luminaire Locations Luminaires in Specific Locations Clothes Closets Part III. Luminaire Outlet Boxes and Covers Outlet Boxes to be Covered Connection of Electric-Discharge Luminaires Part IV. Luminaire Supports Supports Means of Support Part V. Grounding (Bonding) Exposed Luminaire Parts Part VI. Wiring of Luminaires Polarization of Luminaires Cord-Connected Luminaires Luminaires Used as a Raceway Table of Contents Wiring Luminaires Connected Together Branch-Circuit Conductors and Ballast Part VIII. Lampholders Screw-Shell Lampholder Part XI. Recessed Luminaires Thermally Protected Recessed Luminaire Clearances Wiring Part XIII. Electric-Discharge Lighting General Luminaire Mounting Part XV. Track Lighting Definition Installation Fastening Part XVI. Decorative Lighting and Similar Accessories Listing of Decorative Lighting Article 410 Questions Article 411 Lighting Systems Operating at 30V or Less Scope Definition Listing Required Locations Not Permitted Secondary Circuits Article 411 Questions Article 422 Appliances Part I. General Scope Other Articles Part II. Branch-Circuit Requirements Branch-Circuit Rating Overcurrent Protection Fossil Fuel Heating Equipment (Furnaces) Storage Water Heaters Central Vacuum Flexible Cords Support of Ceiling-Suspended (Paddle) Fans Part III. Disconnect Permanently Connected Appliance Disconnect Cord-and-Plug Connected Appliance Disconnect Unit Switch as Disconnect Cord-and-Plug Connected Vending Machines Article 422 Questions xv

11 Table of Contents Understanding the National Electrical Code, Volume 1 Article 424 Fixed Electric Space-Heating Equipment Part I. General Scope Branch Circuits Permanently Installed Electric Baseboard Heaters with Receptacles Part III. Electric Space-Heating Equipment Disconnecting Means Part V. Electric Space-Heating Cables Installation of Cables in Concrete or Poured Masonry Floors Part VI. Duct Heaters Disconnect for Electric Duct Heater Controller Article 424 Questions Article 430 Motors, Motor Circuits, and Controllers Part I. General Scope Definitions Table FLC Versus Motor Nameplate Current Rating Marking on Controllers Motor Controller Terminal Requirements Location of Motors The Highest-Rated Motors Part II. Conductor Size Single Motor Conductor Size Several Motors Conductor Size Motor Feeder Taps Part III. Overload Protection Overload Overload Sizing Continuous-Duty Motors Use of Fuses for Overload Protection Number of Overload Devices Part IV. Branch-Circuit Short-Circuit and Ground-Fault Protection General Branch-Circuit Short-Circuit and Ground-Fault Protection Single Overcurrent Protective Device Part V. Feeder Short-Circuit and Ground-Fault Protection Feeder Protection Part VI. Motor Control Circuits Overcurrent Protection for Control Circuits Disconnect for Control Circuit Part VII. Motor Controllers Controller Rating Need Not Open All Conductors of the Circuit Controller for Each Motor Motor Controller Enclosure Types Part IX. Disconnecting Means Disconnect Requirement Disconnect Opens All Conductors Marking and Mounting Readily Accessible Disconnecting Means Rating Combination Controller-Disconnect Part X. Adjustable-Speed Drive Systems General Conductors Minimum Size and Ampacity Overload Protection Disconnecting Means Part XIV. Tables Table Full-Load Current, Single-Phase Motors Table Full-Load Current, Three-Phase Motors Table Locked-Rotor Currents Article 430 Questions Article 440 Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Equipment Part I. General Scope Definitions Other Articles Marking on Hermetic Refrigerant Motor-Compressors and Equipment Ampacity and Rating Part II. Disconnecting Means Location Part III. Circuit Protection General Short-Circuit and Ground-Fault Protection Device Size Part IV. Conductor Sizing Conductor Size One Motor-Compressor Conductor Size Several Motor-Compressors Part VII. Room Air Conditioners Branch-Circuit Requirements xvi

12 Understanding the National Electrical Code, Volume 1 Table of Contents Disconnecting Means Supply Cord Leakage Current Detection and Interruption, and Arc-Fault Circuit Interrupter Article 440 Questions Article 445 Generators Scope Marking Overcurrent Protection Ampacity of Conductors Disconnecting Means Article 445 Questions Article 450 Transformers and Transformer Vaults Part I. General Scope Overcurrent Protection Ventilation Marking Transformer Accessibility Part III. Transformer Vaults Location Walls, Roofs, and Floors Doorways Ventilation Openings Water Pipes and Accessories Storage in Vaults Article 450 Questions Article 460 Capacitors Scope Enclosing and Guarding Part I. 600V, Nominal, and Under Conductors Rating or Setting of Motor Overload Device Article 460 Questions xvii

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