Design of Solar Based Integrated Dual Mode Inverter

Transcription

1 Interntionl Journl of Electronics Communiction nd Computer Engineering Technovision-2014: 1 st Interntionl Conference t SITS, Nrhe, Pune on April 5-6, 2014 Design of Solr Bsed Integrted Dul Mode Inverter Sonli Kshirsgr Deprtment of Electronics nd Telecommuniction Bhivrbi Swnt Institute of Technology nd Reserch Pune, Indi sonlikshirsgr.2007@rediffmil.com Abstrct This pper proposes single phse solr bsed dul mode power inverter system for domestic nd industril use. Which llows the connection of dditionl energy sources nd storge elements to domestic photovoltic grid connected system. The systems output port is designed to behve s power source or sink, which llows the system to behve s power sink or source. It llows the connection to renewble power source nd the control of the injected power within the operting rnge of the DC-AC grid connected inverter. The work presents the design principles using ARM LPC2138 which mkes it unique of its type. The conventionl solr operted inverter provides energy to lod only when the mins supply is not present but proposed system provides supply ccording to vilbility of energy from solr pnel. Thus helps to utilize the full efficiency of solr pnels. Prof. S. N. Rwt Deprtment of Electronics nd Telecommuniction Bhivrbi Swnt Institute of Technology nd Reserch Pune, Indi syli_r@rediffmil.com energy generted from industries nd from domestic non conventionl energy sources, cn be fed to the grid i.e. cn be sold to electricity compony so tht this fed energy cn be utilised in ny nother pplictions nd the problem of lodshding cn be overcome to gret extend. Indi hs vst supply of renewble energy resources. It hs one of the lrgest progrms in the world for use of renewble energy products nd systems. Indi is significnt consumer of energy resources; Indi currently hs 15,789 MW of instlled renewble energy sources out of 1,57,229 MW totl instlled cpcities with distribution shown below.[1] Keywords Single Phse Inverter, Dul Mode Energy Meter, ARM LPC2138, Trnsfer Switches. I. INTRODUCTION Indi is locted in equtoril Sun Belt of the erth therefore receiving rdint energy from the sun. Utilizing solr energy ccurtely is big tsk to exploit the solr potentil for power genertion. Energy supply systems re fcing significnt chnges in mny countries round the globe. A good exmple of such trnsformtion is Germn power system where renewble energy sources re now contributing 25% of power needed to meet electricity demnd compred with 5% only 20 yers go. Solr energy hs been considered s promising solution for the energy nd environmentl chllenges nd the globl wrming thret. We re suffering from energy crises nd environmentl pollution relted to fissile fuel combustion. To hrvest the solr energy the most common wy is to use photo voltic pnels. Solr pnels receives photon energy from sun nd convert it in electricl energy [2]. So to utilize the full efficiency of solr energy the proposed system cn be used. Advntges of non conventionl energy sources re, it is environmentl friendly, pollution free nd reduces green house effects etc. Use of nonconventionl energy sources for electricity genertion like solr cells, wind mills re incresing dy by dy in industril s well s in domestic re. Mny sttes in Iindi re not cpble to generte the required mount of enectricity becuse of tht lod shding problem occurs. To overcome this problem, the excess Fig.1. Genertion of electricity in Indi by different energy sources. To implement this ide specil type of inverter nd dul mode energy meter is required which cn be ble to red the import energy (energy tken from mins) nd the export energy (energy delivered to grid). Such type of meters re not vilble in mrket for tht we re using two meters one to red import energy nd one is to red export energy nd our totl electricity bill cn be clculted s, Electricity bill = Import energy - Export energy The energy meter system with import nd export fcility is s shown in following Fig.2. In the figure the electricity generted from solr bsed inverter is utilized in house hold lod first nd excess energy is fed to the grid nd it is get recorded in meter.[4] All copyrights Reserved by Technovision-2014, Deprtment of Electronics nd Telecommuniction Engineering, Sinhgd Institute of Technology nd Science, Nrhe, Pune Published by IJECCE ( 56

2 Interntionl Journl of Electronics Communiction nd Computer Engineering Technovision-2014: 1 st Interntionl Conference t SITS, Nrhe, Pune on April 5-6, 2014 III. PROPOSED WORK The proposed solr operted system is grid tied system tht mens the inverter system is connected to AC mins supply or grid becuse of tht it opertes on both the supply from grid or from inverter. Following Fig.6. shows the proposed solr operted inverter system designed with controller nd relys s trnsfer switch. Fig.2. Energy meter system to with import nd export fcility. II. RELEVANCE OF WORK Following Fig.3 shows the conventionl inverter system which is lso clled s uninterruptble power supply system. Fig.6. Proposed solr operted inverter system. Fig.3. Conventionl UPS system The conventionl UPS system opertes in two modes, following Fig.4 shows mode 1 of opertion where the AC mins supply is present. In this cse the bttery gets chrged through rectifier s well s the lod opertes on AC mins directly. Fig.4. Mode 1 of opertion of conventionl UPS system Following Fig.5 shows the mode 2 of opertion where the AC mins supply is not vilble nd lod opertes on bttery through the inverter. In this design the solr pnel is the primry source of energy nd the AC mins is the secondry source, in conventionl system AC mins is the primry source nd the bttery bnk is the secondry source, when AC mins is not vilble then nd then only we re using the bttery but in proposed method when supply from bttery is insufficient or not vilble then only we re using AC mins supply so the proposed inverter cn operte in three modes s shown in ig.7, 8, 9. When we compre the performnce of conventionl system nd proposed system we found tht in proposed system sving of 50% to 75%of energy is possible. In cse of conventionl system Power require for chrging bttery = p1 Simultneously power require for lod = p2 Totl power consumption (p) = p1 + p2 In cse of proposed system Power require for chrging bttery = p1 = 0 Power require for lod = p2 Totl power consumption (p) = p2 Thus power sving of 50% The proposed system cn operte in three specil modes which is not possible with conventionl system s shown in following figures 8, 9 nd 10. Cse-1 is pplicble when AC mins supply is present nd the lod requirement is sme s bttery cpcity in this cse whole supply is given from the bttery to lod thus no use from AC mins nd sving of electricity bill s well s full utiliztion of systems cpcity. Fig.5. Mode 2 of opertion where AC mins supply is not vilble. All copyrights Reserved by Technovision-2014, Deprtment of Electronics nd Telecommuniction Engineering, Sinhgd Institute of Technology nd Science, Nrhe, Pune Published by IJECCE ( 57

3 Interntionl Journl of Electronics Communiction nd Computer Engineering Technovision-2014: 1 st Interntionl Conference t SITS, Nrhe, Pune on April 5-6, 2014 Fig.7. Specil cse 1 of opertion. Cse-2 is pplicble in cses when lod requires higher power thn bttery cpcity, for this cse in conventionl UPS system whole power will be delivered from the mins supply but in proposed system full cpcity of bttery is utilised nd remined power is tken from AC mins supply thus sving of 50% electricity is possible. Fig.10. Grid connected system Following Fig.11 shows the detiled block digrm of the proposed inverter system. Fig.8. Specil cse 2 of opertion Cse-3 cn be observed in the pplictions where bttery is fully chrged nd lod is in off stte or lod requires less power thn bttery cpcity in this cse the excess energy generted is fed to AC grid or mins. Thus the meter will red the power delivered to lod. Fig.9. Specil cse 3 of opertion IV. CIRCUIT DESIGN The inverter circuit is designed to behve such tht it is cpble to fed excess energy to the grid. It is s shown in following Fig.10.[3] Fig.11. Block digrm of proposed system The solr pnel consists of rry of photovoltic cells which convert light energy in to electricl energy which is given to MPPT chrger. MPPT is nothing but mximum power point trcking we cn lso cll it DC to DC converter. It continuously checks the voltge getting from solr pnel nd converts it in smooth DC; its output is given to bttery. Bttery is used to store the DC getting from MPPT. A control signl is given to MPPT chrger from ARM LPC2148 nd the feedbck of current nd voltge is tken from output of MPPT to know tht it is providing proper output or not. The output of bttery is given to inverter. Inverter is designed with the help of ARM LPC2148. Four control signls from the ARM re given to the four thyrester nd the smple of output voltge nd current is tken s feedbck from inverter for control purpose. The relys re used s switch. Relys re controlled by ARM LPC2148. When lod requires extr power then it is given by AC source nd when there is excess power generted by inverter then it is given to grid. A. DC to DC Converter The output of solr pnel does not provide fixed 12v. So to convert vrible DC to fix DC or to reduce ny impurities present DC to DC converter is used. The circuit up to diode D3 is buck converter or chrge controller it provides constnt DC irrespective of ny chnges in input nd when bttery get fully chrged it cuts the bttery from All copyrights Reserved by Technovision-2014, Deprtment of Electronics nd Telecommuniction Engineering, Sinhgd Institute of Technology nd Science, Nrhe, Pune Published by IJECCE ( 58

4 Interntionl Journl of Electronics Communiction nd Computer Engineering Technovision-2014: 1 st Interntionl Conference t SITS, Nrhe, Pune on April 5-6, 2014 the chrger. To see the chrging condition of bttery current nd voltge references re tken nd given to the microprocessor. Direct 12V cnnot be given to the microprocessor becuse it cn dmge it so 12v is converted in 3.6v nd equivlent current is given, The circuit digrm is s shown in following Fig.12. mp is very high it provides pure pulses t its output which re then given to microprocessor. Microprocessor counts pulses when there re 3600 pulses tht men 1w/h energy is consumed. Fig.14. Module of meter to red import energy. Fig.12. Circuit module of DC TO DC converter. B. Inverter This is the hert of our design the inverter is designed with four thirstier. The output of bttery is given to the input of circuit s DC input. The gte pulses re generted from the microprocessor which is pplied to the gte of thirstier for first gte pulse thirstier Q1 nd Q4 re ON nd provides positive hlf cycle t the output. For second gte pulse thirstier Q2 nd Q3 conducts providing negtive cycle t output. LC is used for filtering thus we get AC voltge t output. Circuit digrm of inverter is shown in Fig.13. D. Meter to Red Export Energy The sme working principle is pplicble to export meter here only input is from inverter nd output is fed to AC mins supply the pulses re given to the microprocessor. The microprocessor compres the pulses from export meter nd import meter nd displys it on the LCD lso it displys the mode of opertion etc. Fig.13. Circuit module of inverter. C. Meter to Red Import Energy We require two energy meters in the design, so this digrm is for meter to red import energy. The AC mins supply is given to meter s input. The lod is connected t the output the rely is used to connect AC mins supply to lod or to connect inverter output to lod. The opertion of rely is controlled by microprocessor. The pulses from meter re given to opto-coupler IC. Opto-coupler is used for isoltion purpose. The op-mp circuitry is unity gin mplifier or buffer it is used to protect microprocessor from excess current. Becuse the input impednce of op Fig.15. Circuit module of meter to red export energy V. CONCLUSION Thus the solr operted inverter is designed with ARM LPC2148 which cn provide better output thn conventionl system nd ble to reduce up to 75% of electricity bill nd utilizes full cpcity of solr bsed inverter. The dditionl feture of this system is tht it provides dul mode energy meter which is pplicble to mesure the power tken from mins s well s power delivered to grid. Proposed design is unique of its type becuse it cn operte in specil three modes which is not possible with conventionl inverter systems. The system cn be improved with the use of wind turbines. The solr bsed system hs severl drwbcks such s it does not work in night nd in riny dys. Solr pnels efficiency reduces from 10% to 30% becuse of dust so regulr clening is required. Solr pnel produces DC voltge only but wind mills cn be used to produce DC s well s AC All copyrights Reserved by Technovision-2014, Deprtment of Electronics nd Telecommuniction Engineering, Sinhgd Institute of Technology nd Science, Nrhe, Pune Published by IJECCE ( 59

5 Interntionl Journl of Electronics Communiction nd Computer Engineering Technovision-2014: 1 st Interntionl Conference t SITS, Nrhe, Pune on April 5-6, 2014 lso. It is possible to use wind mills nd solr pnels together to increse system efficiency. REFERENCES [1] Shoumyo Mjumdr, The Current Scenrio of Developments in Renewble Energy in Indi Interntionl journl of renewble energy nd energy efficiency, 2008, pges (25-28). [2] Prdeep Chturvedi, Renewble Energy in Indi Progrmmes nd Cse Studies, in ISESCO, Science nd technology vision VOL. 1, MAY 2005, pges(61-64). [3] D. Picult, B. Rison, S.Bch, Guidelines for Evluting Grid Connected PV System Topologies,IEEE Interntionl Conference on Industril Technology, 2009, pges(1-5). [4] Chgith Rnhotigmge nd Subhs Chndr Mukhopdhyy, Field Trils nd Performnce Monitoring of Distributed Solr Pnels Using Low-Cost Wireless Sensors Network for Domestic Applictions, IEEE sensors journl, VOL. 11, NO.10, OCTOBER [5] Jehong Kim, Josep M. Guerrero,Pedro Rodriguez, Remus Teodorescu, nd Kwnghee Nm, Mode Adptive Droop Control With Virtul Output Impednces for n Inverter- Bsed Flexible AC Microgrid, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 26, NO. 3, MARCH [6] Yn Li nd Yun Wei Li, Power Mngement of Inverter Interfced Autonomous Microgrid Bsed on Virtul Frequency- Voltge Frme, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, VOL. 2, NO. 1, MARCH [7] Jinwei He, YunWei Li, Dubrvko Bosnjk, nd Brent Hrris, Investigtion nd Active Dmping of Multiple Resonnces in Prllel-Inverter-Bsed Microgrid, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL.28, NO. 1, JANUARY [8] Souvik Dsgupt, Shnkr Nryn Mohn,Snjib Kumr Sho nd Snjib Kumr Pnd, Appliction of Four-Switch- Bsed Three-Phse Grid-Connected Inverter to Connect Renewble Energy Source to Generlized Unblnced Microgrid System, IEEE Trnsctions On Industril Electronics, Vol. 60, No.3, Mrch [9] Hugo Vlderrm-Blvi, Josep M. Bosque, Frncisco Guinjon, Luis Mrroyo, nd Luis Mrtínez-Slmero, Power Adptor Device for Domestic DC Microgrids Bsed on Commercil MPPT Inverters IEEE Trnsctions On Industril Electronics,Vol.60, No.3, MARCH 2013 All copyrights Reserved by Technovision-2014, Deprtment of Electronics nd Telecommuniction Engineering, Sinhgd Institute of Technology nd Science, Nrhe, Pune Published by IJECCE ( 60