DISCIPLINA MIEA 2018

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2 DISCIPLINA MIEA 2018

3 Mobilidade Sustentável

4 What is sustainable mobility? 1ºSemestre Mobilidade Sustentável Comparing transport systems?? Sustainable mobility indicators 4

5 Indicators of sustainable Mobility 1ºSemestre Mobilidade Sustentável 11 Indicators 1 DIMENSION Environmental Emissions per year (per capita) NOx (NO and NO 2 ) VOCs CO PM10 PM2.5 SOx O 3 CO 2 N 2 O CH 4 Ton or g/year Energy consumption per year (per capita) MJ or MJ/year 5

6 Transports share 1ºSemestre Mobilidade Sustentável 6

7 Transports mode share 1ºSemestre Mobilidade Sustentável Source: EUROSTAT 7

8 Transports share by energy source 1ºSemestre Mobilidade Sustentável 8

9 Transports share by energy source 1ºSemestre Mobilidade Sustentável 9

10 Transport share 1ºSemestre Mobilidade Sustentável IPCC (2014) 10

11 Transport share 1ºSemestre Mobilidade Sustentável

12 Minimum energy and emissions 1ºSemestre Mobilidade Sustentável Emissions Energy 12

13 P#1 1ºSemestre Mobilidade Sustentável Measurements by ACTIVITY WATCH w/ GPS 13

14 P#1 1ºSemestre Mobilidade Sustentável Measurements by ACTIVITY WATCH w/ GPS distance 0.8 km bpm89 bpm time seconds Speed 4.5 km/h Correlation #1 Correlation # MJ/pkm g/pkm

15 Measurements of sustainable Mobility 1ºSemestre Mobilidade Sustentável Passengers x km!" # $% &$'()*$ (.'/0(1/.1+ Potential of transferring car trips to public transport and soft modes = % IJ 1%(7+ 0K 7L0*() 1%/.+7I%1 /.M +IJ1 9IM$+ Final energy E223!3 45/789 :3 ;<3 =>, >@,#@A, B42.5, B410!;FFF G/789 N ;<3 >@ 2$O!;FFFG/789 15

16 Total travel times 1ºSemestre Mobilidade Sustentável ~ 4.5 km/h 16

17 Knowing how people move??? 1ºSemestre Mobilidade Sustentável Travel to work by modes of transport, % = million. Surveys. 17

18 Surveys 1ºSemestre Mobilidade Sustentável 1 st design 2 nd test in a few people 3 rd did you get the info you needed? No Yes! Ready to go. On-line In person 18

19 Surveys 1ºSemestre Mobilidade Sustentável How people travel? 19

20 Surveys 1ºSemestre Mobilidade Sustentável How people travel? Origin Destination How many respondents? N= total population(small size) Z = confidencelevel(90%, 99%, 95%) e = marginof error (e.g. 5% input 0.05) p= 50% (estimative of answer, 0.5) N > individuals Sample size 20

21 Energy and emissions from Surveys 1ºSemestre Mobilidade Sustentável Recent mobility survey 2017 Porto and Lisbon Impact of people travel? Σ i (Number trip i X km per trip i X EC i ) i mode of transport EC i final energy consumption by mode (MJ/pkm) 21

22 Energy and emissions Home 1ºSemestre Mobilidade Sustentável Work/ University on a regular basis Commuting by motorized or soft modes Emissions Energy 22

23 Final energy factors 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility Eletric?? Average values!!!!! Should have standard deviation. Eletric?? Hydrogen?? Autonomous?? 23

24 Bike 1ºSemestre Mobilidade Sustentável Battery 1,12 kwh Eletricmotor 3 kw Final energy MJ/pkm??? Top speed 24 km/h 24

25 E-Bike Example 1ºSemestre Mobilidade Sustentável Real use Final energy MJ/pkm???biogenic vs eletric 38 km E-bike swap 25

26 E-Bike Example 1ºSemestre Mobilidade Sustentável Representation first 5 km ~ 0.14 MJ/pkm Overall 500 m elevation gain Real range: 30 km spent 1.12 kwh 1.12/30 * 3.6 = 0.13 MJ/pkm final energy electricity 26

27 Transport.. energy 1ºSemestre Mobilidade Sustentável Final to useful energy e.g. Conventional Internal Combustion Engine Car (efic %) 27

28 Vehicle technologies Electrical motor 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility Final to useful energy. Plug-In Pure electric (efic %) Battery Electrical motor Hybrids (efic %) Battery Generator ICE Fuel cell (efic %) 28

29 Transport.. energy 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility 1 tank different fuels-1 engine with a mixture or 1 Flex-fuel Bi-fuel Dual-fuel 2 tanks different fuels-1 engine operating with 1 2 tanks different fuels-1 engine operating with a mixture usually for start-up e.g. natural gas-diesel combustion 29

30 Transport.. energy 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility 30

31 Transport.. energy 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility Electricity in road transport Plug-in. or not hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), battery electric vehicles (BEV), and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) 31

32 Transport.. energy 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility Electricity in road transport Motor-wheel hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) 2 sources: Food and electricity to propel 32

33 Evolution.. energy 1st Semester Sustainable VEHICLE MARKET STATISTICS Pocketbook 2015/16 33

34 Evolution.. energy 1st Semester Sustainable lseurope-statistical-report-2015.pdf IEA: Global EV Outlook

35 Evolution.. energy 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility Registered e-vehicles/1000 inhabitants CHINA 83000/ = 0.06 US 1.5 GERMANY 0.9 IEA: Global EV Outlook

36 Vehicle technologies 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility Most sold vehicle Portugal km/h 14.5 s European test cycle l/100km kg Internal combustion engine 36

37 Evolution.. energy 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility Leaf No tailpipe emissions output power increased to over 110 kw (110 kw is peak power of electric motor previously it was 80 kw) 192 cells (nickel manganese cobalt NMC instead lithium manganese oxide cells LMO) 24 modules (8 cells per module) 40 kwh capacity (32 kwh is available) Curb weight (kg) 1570 (kwh/100km) km/h in 7.9 seconds 37

38 Vehicle technologies 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility Mirai 1850 kg 0.76 kg H2/100 km km/h 8.6 s 1.6 kwh Nickel-metal hydride 114 kw 114 kw 2x5 kg 700 bar 38

39 Vehicle technologies 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility Prius 5 kwh Ni-MH 1475 kg 3 L/100 km km/h 10.6 s 73 kwh ICE-internal combustion engine 60 kw EM-eletrical motor 39

40 Vehicle technologies 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility Prius plug-in 8.8 kwh Li-ion 1526 kg 1 L/100km 11 kwh/100km km/h 11.1 s 100 kw EM-eletrical motor 40

41 Vehicle technologies 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility Flex fuel Sweden 1952 bioethanol filling pumps km/h:12,0s city consumption: 13,6 l/100km 82 kw 1282 kg 85%ethanol 15%gasoline by volume 41

42 Vehicle technologies 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility L/100km x MJ/L =MJ/pkm 1 person (the driver) 42

43 Energy consumption.mj/pkm 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility 43

44 Energy consumption.mj/pkm 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility TRACTION 40 x10 6 kwh/year! The lighting system dominates the energy consumption (37%); Illuminated advertising signs (14%) and ventilation (14%) are also major consumers@a breakdown of energy consumption in an underground station 44

45 Energy consumption.mj/pkm 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility Lisbon underground MWh/ pkm= 16.9 MJ/pkm!!!!!!!!! NEED MORE PASSENGERS!!! 1 kwh is 3.6 MJ 45

46 Vehicle technologies 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility train gestao_sustentavel/1_relatoriossustentabilida de/relatorio2014.pdf 0.3 MJ/pkm 46

47 Vehicle technologies 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility Bus Gep= grams equivalent oil = MJ 38gep/pkm =38*0.042= 1.6 MJ/pkm 47

48 Vehicle technologies 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility Hydrogen bus 48

49 Vehicle technologies 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility Siemens eletric bus/ e-brt system 49

50 Vehicle technologies 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility Energy observer 50

51 Vehicle technologies 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility Energy observer 51

52 Lisbon AML case study 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility P#2AML Metropolitan area of Lisbon. From the AML survey results shown below estimate the final energy consumption on a week and do a pie chart by mode. First pie reference ; second e-bike e-cars e-bus; all H 2 Assuming a year with 48 weeks (except holidays) what would be the overall mobility related final energy consumption (biogenic and non biogenic)? What scenario would you advise? A more electrified one or a more hydrogen based one? 52

53 Surveys 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility Recent mobility survey 2017 Porto and Lisbon Impact of people travel? Quadro 9 Tempo e distância por deslocação, segundo o principal meio de transporte das deslocações km per trip AM Lisboa car motorbike bus train subway boat van walk bike Duração média (minutos) Distância média (km) AM Lisboa Automóvel - condutor Automóvel - passageiro Motociclo/ciclomotor Autocarro (transporte público) Comboio Metropolitano Barco Táxi Transporte escolar / empresa A pé Bicicleta Outro/desconhecido Nota: Exclui as deslocações internacionais 53

54 Surveys 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility Recent mobility survey 2017 Porto and Lisbon Quadro 6 Impact of people travel? Voltar ao Índice Deslocações por tipo de dia e meio de transporte principal da deslocação AM Lisboa Deslocações Total semanal Dias úteis SDF a) Unidade:10 3 AM Lisboa 37, , ,257.4 Transporte individual 22, , ,826.9 car Automóvel - condutor 17, , ,992.0 Automóvel - passageiro 4, , ,774.5 motorbike Motociclo/ciclomotor Transporte público ou coletivo 5, , Dos quais: Autocarro 2, , bus train subway Walk and bike Outro/desconhecido Comboio 1, , Metropolitano 1, , Modos suaves (a pé e bicicleta) 8, , ,453.4 Number trips Per mode a) SDF - Sábados, domingos e Feriados 54

55 Fleet impacts 1st Semester Sustainable Mobility Vehicle activity x N er Trips x Factor x days/year Km/week/ mode/trip trips/mode e.g. 48 weeks/year Energy and Emission factors MJ/pkm and g/pkm MJ/year and g/year 55

56 You learned. 1ºSemestre Mobilidade Sustentável Technology portfolio for bike, car, bus and boat; Final to useful energy efficiency; Final energy consumption factors, first approach. 56

57 Obrigado

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