GREEN TRANSPORT & SMART MOBILITY

Transcription

1 Focus Ł Business Opportunities GREEN TRANSPORT & SMART MOBILITY Carel Snyman How do you support the Nissan Leaf or the BMW i3? Maintenance & replacement components Infrastructure hardware Services Communications Apps New Mobility Options Start again.... My Car My Enemy! Where does the ICE loose it? Mass: 2 000kg Petrol 8L/100km Top speed 170km/h Range of 600km in 8 seconds 1

2 Congestion Increases CO 2 Increases pollution Increases travel time Increases travel costs Increases productivity loss Increases energy consumption Because we prefer to burnenergy 2

3 Talking about cars: We need to re-think cars 3

4 Objective its about PEOPLE! Integrating the Commute People with a mobility need Route (nodes & sections) Objective: Performance: Pax.km /h, /MJ, /R Route: Nodes & Sections Constraints: Cost & Energy Impacts Optimise: Mode/Energy combination People delivered at destination Safe In time Affordable Convenient etc.... Energy Where does it come from? Our Energy Balance CRUDE OIL C O A L S A S O L E S K O M BP SHELL CALTEX ENGEN Agriculture Domestic Commerce Transport Mining PRODUCTION LOSSES CONSUMPTION LOSSES Direct Industrial USEFUL ENERGY 4

5 Carbon Intensity of the Final Energy Mix 15% Wrong energy & wrong technology for mobility work % Wrong energy & wrong technology for mobility work % Wrong energy & wrong technology for mobility work 2 0 5

6 The Beauty of Bio Gas Shortest and lightest hydrocarbon molecule burns cleaner! 1m 3 contains 38MJ energy (8MJ energy/litre; 43MJ/kg) Best energy to carbon ratio Ł Least CO 2 /MJ Octane rating Consumption rate = 230MJ/100km Underground (with other fossil fuels) 15kg CO₂/100km (TŁ W) Biogas (Landfill & Waste) 0 CO₂/100km 6

7 Oil containing crops yields Company Oil Yield (L/ha/yr) Vertigro 1'700'000 Greenfuel Tech 200'000 Greenshift Clean Tech 1'900'000 Petro Algae LLC 130'000 Algae Link/ Bioking 1'000'000 Green Star Products Inc How much energy per hectare? Photosynthesis: 2% of GJ/ha and cultivation period Ł 400GJ/ha/yr Processing: GJ BioFuels/ha/yr (BioEtOH, BioDiesel, BTL) Distribution & Combustion: 35% (Fuel to Wheel) 18-47GJ/ha/ year Solar beats Biomass times! Electric (PV) BioGas (corn) BioMass to Liquid Kilometres per Hectare EV - 16kW/100km SI 7,4 L/100km CI 6,5 L/100km PV Cell to grid: 10% efficient Ł 3 600GJ/ha/yr Inverter {dc Ł ac} 90% efficient 3 050GJ available for car battery From battery to wheel: 60% efficient 1 800GJ/ ha/year BioEthanol BioDiesel Kilometres per Hectare

8 W T100% to Efficient Oil Well Refinery Distribution Petrol Car 96% 90% 97% 18% Coal Mine Synfuel Plant Distribution Petrol Car 97% 40% 97% 18% Coal Mine Power Station Distribution Electric Car 97% 35% 95% 75% Solar Farm Distribution Electric Car 75% (W Ł W)η 24% 71% The electricity supply challenge: Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday We can solve this! Turning Challenge into SOLUTION That is enough for 6 million Electric Cars Managing the Load With a Smart Grid Monday 38 GWh So now we have a solution We just need a Smart Grid! Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday 8

9 Best use of urban space? City Car in Motion Mobility (Shared Use) City Car to Typical Car Parking Ratio = 6.25 : 1 City Car at Rest Energy Storage Device (Renewable Friendly) 80 Cars 500 Cars Aerodynamic DRAG and energy consumption Cost, Energy and Pollution Speed Time to travel For 100km: Petrol Car Electric Car Normal Off-peak & Small Car km/h 30km Time Saving: min min min Price/Unit R 13,00 R 1,33 40c Units 10 litres 15 kwh 7,5 kwh Energy 320 MJ 54 MJ 27 MJ Cost R 130,00 R 20,00 R3,00 GWP 25kg kg 7-50kg 39kg 39kg 19kg 19kg 9

10 Energy from the SUN! SA Solar Challenge 2012 Average = 80km per day Small electric commuter: 5kWh/100km = 4kWh/day PV electrical energy 5kWh per day 1kW array = 5 x 200W panels 10m 2 PV cells cost -R , once-off, for 25 years PV life = km 4,457 km 10 Days Toughest solar challenge in the world 15 Local SA Teams building cars 10 International Teams (Tokai, Nuna, Etc.) 20c/km (no increase!) Solar Electric Bus! Adelaide Australia Tindo after the Aboriginal word for "sun World's first 100% solar-recharged electric transit bus Seats 27 35kW electric motor 262kWh ZEBRA sodium nickel chloride batteries 11,480kg vehicle, top speed of 75km/hr and an estimated operation range between fast charges is 200km 10

11 SANEDI did some work in this area: Smart Grid City Commuter 11

12 Objective its about PEOPLE! Performance: Person.km/Energy Unit People with a mobility need Route (nodes & sections) Objective: Performance: Pax.km /h, /MJ, /R Route: Nodes & Sections Constraints: Cost & Energy Impacts Optimise: Mode/Energy combination People delivered at destination Safe In time Affordable Convenient etc.... Urban Commutes Electric Rail 255 Trolleybus 123 Dieselbus 33 Lightmotorcycle 25 SmartFor 2cdi 20 Prius 20 ecommuter 60 Individual Public Transport! Shared Integrated Solar ecom Siemens City Solar Charging for Home & Car 12

13 What is an Electric Vehicle? ecommuter Mobility tool It has wheels Boat or plane Electric motor Controller Battery or Fuel cell No CO 2! electric Game Viewer And why not get energy from the sun? 13

14 electric 30 Ton rock hauler espanboni How does it work? Home Energy For Every Day Appliance Wh/d MJ/d Cost Kitchen 8' R 8,58 Rest 7' R 7,72 Outside 2' R 2,78 Total 19kWh 69 R 20,00 14

15 Home & pcar: For Every Day Appliance Wh/d MJ/d Cost Kitchen 8' R 8,58 Rest 7' R 7,72 Outside 2' R 2,78 Total 19kWh 69 R 20,00 pcar 8L/100km per day MJ/d Cost 6,4 L 80km/day 205 R 80 R12,50/L ecar July Home & ecar The SMART thing to do is to right size For Every Day Appliance Wh/d MJ/d Cost Kitchen 8' R 8,58 Rest 7' R 7,72 Outside 2' R 2,78 Total 19kWh 69 R 20,00 pcar 8L/100km ecar 15kWh/100km Use of petrol or electricity 6,4 L 80km/day 12 kwh 80km/day MJ/d Cost 205 R 80 R12,50/L 43 R 12 R1/kWh Do you need to take a ton of steel with you? 15

16 Home & ecommuter For Every Day Appliance Wh/d MJ/d Cost Kitchen 8' R 8,58 Rest 7' R 7,72 Outside 2' R 2,78 Total 19kWh 69 R 20,00 pcar 8L/100km ecar 15kWh/100km ecom 5kWh/100km Use of petrol or electricity 6,4 L 80km/day 12 kwh 80km/day 4 kwh 80km/day MJ/d Cost 205 R 80 R12,50/L 43 R 12 R1/kWh 14 R 4 R1/kWh Focus Ł New Industry How do you create a NEW Green Mobility Industry? New Pathways, Modes and Energy Options Infrastructure to enable and support Maintenance & Services Communications Apps Thank you for your attention! Any questions? Carel Snyman carels@sanedi.org.za 16

17 Comparison of CO 2 Emissions 17