Successfully switching to CNG buses in Verona
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- Darcy Farmer
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1 Successfully switching to CNG buses in Verona (after 11 years) Antonio Piovesan Technical Manager ATV - Verona Athens, 01/03/2016
2 SUMMARY CNG for heavy transport Pricing gas vs diesel Applications Bus comparison Verona project How does it work now Our buses Money in your pocket Noise and vibrations Our green future CNG future 2
3 CNG for heavy transport Natural gas is an excellent fuel for heating, industry, electric power generation Natural gas is an excellent fuel for cars and vans IS NATURAL GAS REALLY SUITABLE FOR HEAVY DUTY VEHICLES? Are we at the beginning or at the end of this application? 3
4 Why CNG in vehicles? Technology mature and safe Large amounts in nature, in different areas + Biomethane from waste and biomass + Clean technology + detax 4
5 Why CNG in buses? Very low emission (air+noise) Stable and reliable technology Application on medium and large buses, allows a massive fleet conversion Suitable for high capacity - high mileage Fuel economy compensates plant investments and bus extra-costs long term sustainability 5
6 CNG PRICE (in Italy) My latest natural gas invoice (VAT excl.): Gas price: 245 /1000 Smc (going down) Point of Delivery fee: /month Tax/fees on nat. gas: 25,9 /1000 Smc Tank management: 37,3 /1000 Smc Final price: appr. 320 /1000 Smc Final price: 446 /1000 kg 6
7 DIESEL PRICE (in Italy) My latest diesel invoice (VAT excluded): Product price: 315,75 /1000 liters Tax on diesel: 617,40 /1000 liters TOTAL: 933,15 /1000 liters Final price: 933,15 /1000 liters Temporary tax reduction: -214 /1000 liters 7
8 Price breakdown
9 Fuels price through 18 years
10 A very old Italian tradition 10
11 Italian CNG bus (1935) 11
12 Garbage pick up 12
13 Refrigerated transport 13
14 GNC concrete mixer (USA) 14
15 CNG snowcat (Salzburg) 15
16 CNG buses history 16
17 CNG vs Diesel 17
18 Bus comparison MAN A21 diesel EURO 6 A21 CNG EURO 6 Delta Net weight kg kg Pax capacity Power 235 kw 228 kw - 3% Torque Nm Nm + 21,8% Consumption (SORT 1) 44,2 lt/100km 44,0 lt/100 km - 0,45 % Noise (internal, AC off) 66.3 db db CO (mg/kwh) % THC (mg/kwh) NMHC (mg/kwh) CH4 (mg/kwh) NOx (mg/kwh) ,8% PM Mass (mg/kwh) 3,39 1,4-58,7% + 2,3 %
19 Cylinder Technology Light tanks ECE R110 type 3-4 Type 3 - Aluminium cylinder + carbon wrap Type 4 - Plastic liner + structural composite
20 Verona, a beautiful ancient city 20
21 Verona city inhabitants with cars (0.61 each), 206 km2 7 turistic city in Italy Bus routes crossing the city from edge to edge km with 180 urban buses, commercial speed 14,5 km/h No high capacity public transport, trolleybus system on the way 3 train stations and international airport 21
22 22
23 ATV today ATV = AMT (urban PT) + APTV (regional PT and turistic buses) in late MLN km with 600 buses (urban + regional) School services Coach services > 800 workers 23
24 When our project started (2003) very old fleet, many EURO 0 44 new buses to buy (25% of the fleet) Very narrow depot A brand new regulation (2002) allowed CNG refuelling stations in smaller areas Authorities asking for alternative fuels with low emissions National funds to build refuelling stations Special regional regulation for private CNG refuelling stations (1 station many public fleets) 24
25 What we did A project of the system (helped by ENI) Security pre-approval Tender for CNG buses Found a new parking area close to a public CNG station Moved the project near the new area Asked for gas. 25
26 And then Bus arrived and started service (Jan 2005) Asked for financial contribution to national funds (we were #1 ) Built the station Training 26
27 New colours for new buses 27
28 New colours for new buses Astonishing trireflex (something new) Green (ecological) Blue (reliable) 28
29 Refuelling station opening day 29
30 The operations 30
31 The operations 31
32 and the operators 32
33 The refuelling station Can refill 2 buses at the same time (up to 3) Full refill in about 8 minutes (NGV2 piping) 3 compressors x 1860 Nmc/h 3 engines x 250 kw Gas pipe 12 bar, compressed to 220 bar Automatic data collecting with wireless tags on each bus Cost: about 1.4 MLN, about 80% with public funds Station lifetime: about 25 years 33
34 Growing family Started with 44 buses + 13 Bredamenarinibus M240 (2004/2005) 6 more buses M240 (2007) REFUELLING STATION (mid 2007) +11 BMB 12 m buses +18 articulated buses +14 Scania 12 m buses Total: 106 CNG buses, about 6 MLN km in
35 How does it work now? 106 CNG buses will run about 5.9 MLN km in 2016 in urban service, on a total of 7.5 MLN They make the hard work, other buses used only in peak hours for short services Daily refuelling Dramatic reduction of emissions and noise Fuel cost reduction SUSTAINABLE SYSTEM: all new urban buses since 2003 are CNG buses Everybody asking for them... 35
36 Our secret CNG buses are used much more intensively than diesel buses 36
37 Our recent CNG buses Scania Citywide 12 m 37
38 Mercedes Citaro 18 m 38
39 Man Lion s City m Capacity: 169 passengers! 39
40 Fuel consumption On field data (2016, urban service): CNG urban bus m Euro 6: 2,01 km/kg CNG urban bus m Euro 6: 1,80 km/kg On field evidence: 1 kg CNG = 1 liter diesel Confirmed even by certified tests SORT 1 40
41 Gross saving ( )/1.95 = 250 /1000 km ATV 2016: 5.9 MLN km with 106 buses Total gross saving: /year 41
42 Investments Refuelling station + depot update costed 1.4 MLN, contribution by central state and region (>80%). With contribution 50%, amortization /year (lifetime 20Y) Bus average extracost is about /bus, with contribution by region If contribution 50%, amortization /year x bus (lifetime 15Y) (1000 x 106) = /year 42
43 Running costs EE: /year (to compress CNG) Station maintenance: /year We sell CNG to garbage collection, they even provide bus CNG filling Revenues from CNG selling roughly cover station maintenance Overall: /year 43
44 Money in your pocket Gross saving: /year Investment: /year Running costs: /year Minor/forgotten/hidden costs: /year Total net saving: /year 44
45 Statement (waiting for disputement) Environmental impact of a CNG urban bus is still much lower than a green diesel one: Less particulate Less noise Less vibrations Less money (save to buy new EURO 6 buses!) 45
46 Our green future All new class I buses will be CNG Our parking area is full need a new depot An hybrid trolleybus (trolley+battery) under construction: perfect marriage Saving a lot of money we need it for our improvement projects Biomethan plant? 46
47 Developement of CNG technology 47
48 Vectors vs sources Reminder: these are energy VECTORS Hydrogen Electric power 48
49 Vectors vs sources These are energy SOURCES Fossil: Oil, Natural gas, Carbon Renewable: Biomass (Biogas, Biomethan) Biofuel (Biodiesel, Bioethanol) Hydropower, Solar, Wind (+ others ) We must always rely on one of these 49
50 Vectors vs sources When considering fuel options: 1 - Always consider local emissions + global emissions (Well To Wheel analisys) 2 - Try to design a technology transition CNG LNG Natural gas Biomethan 50
51 Biomethan WTW improvement 51
52 Biomethan production + bus depot in Lille Underground pipe to the bus depot Same opportunity in Verona 52
53 LNG application coming 53
54 Strategy More effective LNG BioLNG CNG Biomethan From big plants worldwide? Renewable + zero greenhouse effect Natural gas grid injection 54
55 Thanks for your attention
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