Electromobility. Professor Thomas Bräunl The University of Western Australia

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1 Electromobility Professor Thomas Bräunl The University of Western Australia

2 1. EV History 1882 Siemens Electric Trolley Bus 1885 Benz Patent Motorwagen petrol 1900 Lohner-Porsche, wheel-hub motors 1910 Bailey/Edison EV 1000miles endurance drive, 160km per charge Photos: Wikipedia, ASBE, Belgium Bräunl

3 Photos: Wikipedia, UWA, Synergy, NASA Bräunl EV History Bergmann Postal Van 1960s UWA-EE, Leary, Norgard 1970s Western Power, Australia 1972 Apollo 17, NASA

4 The previous wave of electric cars CARB Conspiracy Oil GM General Motors EV1 Photos: GM, Sony PIctures Bräunl

5 What can I buy today? 2009 BMW E-Mini AU$930/month AU$50, Tesla Roadster (Lotus Elise) AU$ 200, Mitsubishi imiev 2011 Nissan Leaf AU$ 48,800 AU$ 51,500 Photos: BMW, Tesla, Mitsubishi, Nissan Bräunl

6 Photos: Nissan, Mitsubishi, BMW, Tesla Bräunl What can I buy tomorrow? 2013 Volkswagen: Up, Golf, Jetta e-motion 2013 BMW Efficient Dynamics 2012 Audi e-tron More

7 Bräunl Battery Electric Vehicles (EV) Advantages Completely emission free if charged from renewable energy sources Very cheap running cost (<0.2kWh/km 3cent/km) Much reduced servicing cost Can be charged from home (and with home-generated energy: PV, wind) Disadvantages Higher purchase price (initially) Limited range in combination with Long charging time

8 Bräunl EV Components Motor Gear Box Batteries Battery Manag. Unit BMS Controller Pot Accel. Pedal Mains AC Charger DC-DC Converter (12V) Brake-Assist Vacuum Pump Electric Power Steering Heating AirCon Safety Systems Contactor Emergency switch Charge cable detection Inertia switch Motor Controller Battery Pack 144V

9 Source: Rohan Mathew, REV Bräunl EV Technology

10 Source: Rohan Mathew, REV Bräunl EV Technology

11 Source: Rohan Mathew, REV Bräunl EV Technology

12 Source: Rohan Mathew, REV Bräunl EV Instrumentation Fuel gauge actuation EyeBot M6

13 Bräunl REV Eco

14 Bräunl REV Racer

15 Bräunl REV SAE E-Motorsport SAE introduced Hybrid League in 2008, EVs may compete in their first year Formula Student annually at Hockenheim F1-circuit Sponsors

16 EV Charging Level 1 (2.4kW) Slow charging at home Bräunl/Harries/Mullan/White ly 2011 Level 2 (7.7-11kW) Medium-fast charging in parking lots and shopping centres Level 3 (50kw) Fast charging at service stations Photos: ASBE, Belgium, Elektromotive, Coulomb Tech 16

17 Photos: Yazaki, RWE Bräunl EV Charging Standards US and Japan SAE J Connector: Yazaki Single Phase, V, max 70A, 16.8kW Communication channels Europe IEC X Connector: Mennekes Three Phase, 230/690V, max 63A, 43kW Vehicle-to-grid support Communication channels, interlocking, safety Australia No standard yet Which? When??

18 Bräunl/Harries/Mullan/White ly 2011 Source driving distance: Australian Bureau of Statistics 18 PV Power Generation 1.5 kw Photovoltaic System ( Ideal House data April 2010) 206 kwh/month 1,178 km/month 40 km/day Average distance driven in Perth 39 km/day Annual petrol cost 9l/100km, $1.519 /l $2 000 Power cost w/o PV $0.10 night, ($0.20 day) $250

19 Bräunl WA Electric Vehicle Trial How will EVs cope in a standard fleet environment? Roadside Assistance? Service? Conversions performed by EV Works, in coop. with UWA 11 Participants from government and industry fleets Base car: Ford Focus UWA involvement Consulting on prototype Black box data logging Study, accompanying trial

20 Photo: Elektromotive Bräunl ARC Charging Project Analysis and modeling of driving patterns for limitedrange electric vehicles (ARC Linkage Research Project) Where and when will EVs be recharged? How do changes in tariff structure affect charging behaviour? Predictions on required charging stations, grid capacity, energy requirements for larger numbers of EVs in the future Only use of green energy Providing first infrastructure to facilitate future uptake of electric cars

21 Electricity Grid (1) Evening-Charging Energy Predictions (Jon Mullan) Top line is for 900,000 vehicles significantly higher peak Diagram: Jon Mullan Bräunl

22 Electricity Grid (2) Nighttime-Charging Energy Predictions (Jon Mullan) Top line is for 900,000 vehicles can sustain all 1.8M cars in WA Diagram: Jon Mullan Bräunl

23 Diagram: Jon Mullan Bräunl Electric Highway