Electric Vehicles: Moving from trials to widespread adoption in the North East of England

Transcription

1 Electric Vehicles: Moving from trials to widespread adoption in the North East of England Professor Phil Blythe Newcastle University, UK Chief Scientific Advisor, Department for Transport ITS World Congress, 8 th October

2 Switch EV Trial Real-world trial of 44 electric vehicles. Ultra-Low Carbon Vehicle Demonstrator Programme funded by the Technology Strategy Board.

3 Switch EV consortium

4 Switch EV consortium X 15 X 20 X 6 X 1 X 2

5 Charge your Car: a North East Success Story { 32 rapid charge points 1225 standard points 650 home charge points For over 90% of the time driving in the North East, the EV is within 5km of a charging point. Incentives for the uptake of EVs Plug-in Car/Van Grant Favourable tax regime Exemption for Vehicle Excise Duty and Company Car Tax Infrastructure

6 Charging Infrastructure: Charge Your Car OR Until June 2013: 100 annual fee Access via RFID card free electricity free parking From July 2013: Pay As You Go 3.50 for an unlimited standard charge from 5.00 for a 50kW quick charge Access via mobile phone app or RFID card

7 Trial statistics Charge your Car Total energy transferred 355 MWh Total number of charges 68,600 Switch EV Total journey distance: 1245,000 km Total number of journeys: 103,000 Total number of charges: 39,900 Total energy transferred: 205 MWh Total CO 2 Saved: 176,000 kg/co answers to the pre-trial questionnaires 103 answers to the post-trial questionnaire 58 participants attended 8 focus groups 23 individual exit interviews

8 Possible barriers to EV uptake high purchase price limited driving range time required to recharge inconvenience of recharging limited availability of charge points lack of power / performance unfamiliarity with the technology lack of choice of makes / models safety concerns about battery or electrical system 4 - important 5 - extremely important Four of the top five barriers to the uptake of electric vehicles can be overcome through the use of quick chargers.

9 Trip distances Cumulative % of drive events EV drivers DfT statistics Distance (km)

10 Roadmap on ITS for ElectroMobility: Enabling Smart Infrastructure for Smart Electric Vehicles Service Areas: 1. ITS and vehicle operation and usage 2. ITS and connection with the power grid 3. ITS and safety 4. ITS and integration with traffic systems

11 ITS and vehicle operation and usage Accurate range prediction: Algorithms that calculate the range accurately of an EV based on driving style, topology, weather conditions, roads selected, number of passengers (load) and congestion levels, either in real-time or based on predictions. EV route guidance and EV navigation: Route guidance and navigation systems that take into account charging point locations, accurate range predictions based on driving style, state of charge of the battery, topology, weather conditions and congestion levels. EV eco-driving: Eco-driving tools (either web based or as on-board nomadic device) that give advice to the driver on driving an EV efficiently taking into account regenerative breaking and the use of A/C, heating, etc.

12 Location, consumption and regeneration 1

13 Driving Style- Different drivers making the same journey Identical spatial journeys can reveal more about the specifics of driving electric cars

14 Efficiency of an EV Uses data recorded from 65,000 EV journeys Although on average it is more efficient, there is a wide variety of efficiencies We need to know what behaviour is driving this

15 Charging events Work, Charge Your Car and Fast Charge all show a similar morning afternoon charging pattern. Home shows a more pronounced shift towards late afternoon to evening charging.

16 Charging profiles at different locations % recharging by user type % recharging by user type Time of day (hours) Time of day (hours) Home charging Home private Home Org Ind Home Org Pool CYC charging Public Private Public Org Ind Public Org Pool % recharging by user type % recharging by user type Time of day (hours) Time of day (hours) Work charging Work Private Work Org Ind Work Org Pool Other charging Other Private Other Org Ind Other Org Pool

17 Total energy transferred by time of day

18 Integration with Tyne and Wear UTMC Facility

19 EU: TEN-T Rapid Charging Network Project partners Nissan Renault VW BMW Zero Carbon Futures ESB Newcastle University Objectives to develop a comprehensive strategy for the implementation of a multistandard interoperable EV rapid charging infrastructure to establish a pilot network of multistandard rapid chargers along Priority Projects road axes 13 and 26 to test, operate and monitor the use of this pilot network of rapid chargers

20 TEN-T Aim: To deploy up to 74 rapid charger stations along two corridors, Axes 13 and 26 in the UK and Ireland

21 RCN: Multi Standard Charging Station Combined charging system (CCS) Type 2 DC 50 kw CHADEMO DC 50 kw Type 2 EV Ready AC 42 kw Type 2 AC 3,6 kw socket outlet CCS DC Connector AC Socket Outlet AC Type 2 Vehicle Connector CHADEMO DC Connector

22 Spatial Analysis Data inserted: Home : 144; Work: 103; Home and work: 98; # Rapid, other charge points. New data calculated: Home -work distance [m] # Rapid, other charge points and total charge points in the path Home-work (5km radius); # Rapid, other charge points and total charge points Home (5km radius); # Rapid, other charge points and total charge points work (5km radius).

23 Use of the EV Questionnaire Loggers Mileage between charges 48.7 miles 33.5 miles 50,0% Miles between charges Average = 52 miles Participants [%] 40,0% 30,0% 20,0% 10,0% 0,0% 46,8% 39,0% 6,4% 7,1% 0,7% < >90 miles Percentage of car trips cannot be made by the EV Average = 8%. Participants [%] 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 64% 29% 10% 2% 1% <10% 10-20% 20-50% 50-70% >70% trips [%]

24 Longest trip and fuel saving Longest trip made with the EV Average = 228 miles participants 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 30% 31% 32% 6% miles Purpose of the trip Holiday Holiday EV owner photo rally Longest trip 1300 miles 800 miles 700 miles Travel time (travel + charge) 2 weeks 1 week (7 h return) 43 h Charging time RCPs / 2 h (return) 9 h others / ~ 56 h 12 h # Charging events RCPs 17 4 (return) 12 others

25 EV Summary Understanding driving and re-charging behaviour is critical in understanding how Ev s will play a role in future smart cities Data collected in the NE England trial gives one of the most comprehensive overviews of real-world usage of electric vehicles with an extensive recharging network ITS is needed to manage the access to charging points more effectively and to pre-book charging points to make our city smarter and intelligent route planning. New traffic management and Cooperative Systems being developed to support this. North East England offers a test-bed for electromobility innovation and has the highest ownership of EV s per head of population in the UK

26 Final Remarks We are seeing a rapid uptake of electric vehicles, in the UK, the numbers of vehicles have doubled in 2014 and trends suggest they will more than exceed that in However, the market is still fragile and incentive are still required for vehicle purchase and infrastructure provision to ensure market will grow to the point it will grow independently. We need EV s as part of the future road transport mix for climate change, air pollution and energy security reasons. Name 13/10/

27 Thank you! Phil Blythe Viajeo Plus 13/10/