Eng. Federico Tunzio. Sofitel So Hotel, Bangkok,

Transcription

1 ELECTRIC VEHICLES Eng. Federico Tunzio Sofitel So Hotel, Bangkok, 21st -22nd March 2012

2 Green Mobility Sustainable Energy

3 Overview The term Road Transport means the transport on road of passengers or goods through motor vehicles.

4 Report of some useful data about Road Transport in Europe and particularly in Italy The following graph shows the Motorisation Rate, defined as cars per inhabitants

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6 Goods Transport by road in Europe

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8 Comparing the data on GHG emission by transport sector to the total value we find that: 22% share of total European GHG emissions comes from Transport sector 24% share of total Italian GHG emissions comes from Transports

9 The considerations above induce to think of a new concept of of mobility in order to reduce emissions, save natural resources and reach the targets imposed by international regulations (see for example European STD 2009/28/CE) The answer is Sustainable Mobility (or Green Transport)

10 Some solutions proposed for road transport are the following: Electric Bike Electric Cars Hybrid Cars GREEN MOBILITY Hydrogen powered vehicles PV vehicles

11 EV Technology Electrical vehicles use a well established technology This is a re-discovered technology, since the first prototypes appeared in Europe and USA during the late 19 th century and the early and the early 20 th century First EV were soon overcome by ICE vehicle, powered by fossil fuels; but recent environmental matters give new life to this technology

12 The following is a common scheme of an EV: = ~ Battery Inverter Engine Wheels Electric vehicles are the least polluting mode of transportation available today. They also can operate very economically while using little or no petroleum fuel.

13 At this time, the average distance range of EVs runs from 80 to 100 Km, in all-electric traction Long-cycle Batteries are required to optimize the performances

14 Electric vehicles typically charge from conventional power outlets or dedicated charging stations, a process that typically takes hours, but can be done overnight and often gives a charge that is sufficient for normal everyday usage.

15 A new category of EVs, called Extended-Range is now available Extended-range electric vehicles (EREVs) all share a similar basic format: an onboard engine/generator of some sort that powers a battery pack to drive an electric motor. Volvo series hybrid (range-extended electric car) test vehicle layout EREVs employ a gasoline engine that generates electricity to power eletric motor powering the front wheels. A unique feature lets the driver divert some of the engine/generator's power from the drive system to be stored in the battery pack, effectively slowcharging the battery on the move. The engine itself never directly powers the wheels.

16 Performance examples Peugeot i-on Range 150 km Torque 180 Nm Power 47 kw Max speed 130 km/h Price Opel Ampera (EREV) Range 500 km Torque 370 Nm Price Nissan Leaf Range km Power 80 kw Acc km/h 11,9 s Max speed 144 km/h Price

17 EVs Benefits Efficiency vs. ICE Zero emission Possibility to use renewable energies Strong reduction of noise Handicaps High prices Limited range Long times of recharging Low availability of charging stations

18 HEVs Technology A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of vehicle which combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) propulsion system with an electric propulsion system. The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle, or better performance. A variety of types of HEV exist, and the degree to which they function as EVs varies as well. The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid electric trucks (pickups and tractors) and buses also exist.

19 Parallel hybrids A parallel hybrid uses both an electric motor and an ICE for propulsion. They can run in tandem, or one can be used as the primary power source with the other kicking in to assist when extra power is needed for starting off, climbing hills, and accelerating to pass other vehicles. Because both are connected to the drive train, they re said to run in parallel.

20 Series hybrids A series hybrid uses a gasoline or diesel ICE, coupled with a generator, to generate electricity but not to drive the car. The engine can send the electric current directly to the electric motor or charge a large battery that stores the electricity and delivers it to an electric motor on-demand. The electric motor propels the vehicle, using its power to rotate a driveshaft or a set of drive axles that turn the wheels.

21 Toyota Prius is the world's top selling HEV, with cumulative global sales of 2.36 million units by August 2011

22 Hybridisation rate = Electric engine power / ICE power Micro Hybrid Mild Hybrid Full Hybrid

23 Parallel Hybrid MicroHybrid Stop & Go systems Parallel Hybrid MildHybrid Stop & Go systems Waste Energy recovery (i.e. Regenerative braking) Parallel Hybrid FullHybrid Better energy recovery Possibility of all-electric traction Series Hybrid Auxiliary generator, used in autobus and trucks Plug-in Hybrid An HEV that allows plug-in Batteries recharging

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25 Some market offers The price of a HEV starts from

26 EV motorbikes and bicycles are also available

27 MICRO-VETT S.p.A. Imola (Italy) Fiat e500 Li battery 115 km/h speed 145 km range Iveco Daily Li battery 50 km/h speed 90 km range

28 EdyOne Li(L) battery 80 km/h speed 140 km range Fiat Ducato (chassis) Li(XXL) battery 90 km/h speed 155 km range

29 ITALCAR INDUSTRIAL S.r.l. Torino (Italy)

30 ATEA S.p.A. Varese (Italy) ATEA Fiat Panda Elektra

31 ENERBLU S.r.l. Modena (Italy)

32 Eco Power Technology S.r.l. Brescia (Italy) Horus Hybrid bus Diesel/electric or Methane/electric Generator power 30 kw 70 km/h speed 170 km range

33 Oxygen S.p.A. Padova (Italy) Cargoscooter Generator power 4/6 kw 60 km/h speed 120 km max range

34 E-bicycles ItalWin S.r.l. Padova (Italy)

35 FC Microcar preliminary design by Eng. Guido Galeno Technical Partners The project studies the adaptation of a microcar for urban use. The conversion involves the replacement of the internal combustion engine with an electric system equipped with a fuel cell and on board hydrogen storage for the sustenance of the vehicle traction, in the sense of maximum autonomy and minimum cost. This with a very low environmental impact compared with the traditional system.

36 Examples of EVSE (Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment)

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38 Model of a fast charge station

39 Examples of Italian products Logiss S.r.l.-Environment systems division Rovereto (Italy) The system can supply 2 motorbikes or 2 bicycle and 1 automobile at the same time

40 Wolftank Systems S.p.A. Bolzano (Italy) All systems are conformal to international standards of security

41 GIGIEFFE S.r.l. Ravenna (Italy)

42 ABB Italy Sesto San Giovanni MI (Italy) ABB is a leader company in power technologies and automation that enable utility and industry customers to improve their performance while lowering environmental impact. The company has settled in several recharge station in northern Italy

43 A possible systems of recharging is the one showed A shelter covered by PV modules that provide the needed power for EVs recharging

44 Italian enterprises have already designed and producted sustainable charging stations An opportunity of employment is the promoting of electric bikes sharing

45 This is an example of a study conducted for the realisation of a PV shelter for bike sharing The shelter is designed to supply power to 5 bicycles ItalWin ELEGANCE Producer ItalWin Group S.r.l. Power 0,24 kw Battery capacity 10 Ah Volt 36 V Distance range 50 km

46 Prospectus

47 Sideview

48 View from the top

49 The yearly power expenditure is estimated in 550 kwh Minimal surface needed is 2,1 m 2, once considered that the mean annual production of the PV modules used is 260,6 kwh/m 2 HIT 210 Sanyo modules used SMA SUNNY BOY 1200: Inverter

50 Hydrogen distributors in Italy First service stations opened in Mantova MN, Collesalvetti LI, Bolzano BZ

51 ELECTRIC VEHICLES END