AGRICULTURAL DATA BOOK

Transcription

1 /FJ;t;:E'~y ONlY. pjjcc.n t Remove FDCO, ERS.....,. ~ MAY 1967 jp.,.n 19 1_'j'O'O ~\"~e:.o THE FXREAST AND OCEANA AGRCULTURAL DATA BOOK US. DEPARTMENT OF AGRCULTURE ECONOMC RESEARCH SERVCE Washington,D.C.

2 FOREWORD This Data Book provides current and historical data on production and trade of agricultural products by countries of the Far East and Oceania. These data are useful in reviewing the current agricultural situation in the major food deficit area of the world, including the Asian subcontinent, Viet Nam, and Japan, the No. 1 market for U.S. agricultural products. They are of value in analyzing trends in production and trade of agricultural products. They are utilized in market development, competition, and projection studies. ndices of production data are used to measure changes in production of all agricultural products and of food production per capita by country and regions of the Far East and Oceania. They serve as indicators of agricultural growth. Aggregates of production, used in calculating the indices, show the relative importance of each major commodity produced within the country. The value of U.S. trade in agricultural products, shown by their Standard nternational Trade Classification (STC), is included in this publication to provide a more complete review of agricultural relations between the United States and the Far East countries. Use of commodity groups common to all countries permits comparisons not otherwise possible. This Data Book is published now for the first time. n past years, much of the data was included in the annual issue of The Far East and Oceania Agricultural Situation. Data in this report were prepared in the Situation and Outlook Section, Far East Branch, Foreign Regional Analysis Division under the direction of Riley H. Kirby and Boyd A. Chugg. Others participating in its preparation include Goodloe Barry, Audrey T. Day, Marion R. Larson, William Logan, Mary E. Long, John B. Parker, Jr., Virginia Salley, and Shirley Ruth Simpson. Clarence E. Pike, Chief Far East Branch Foreign Regional Analysis Division

3 LST OF TABLES Table Summaries of population and agricultural prodvction indices,!954-66, Far East and Oceania: ndices of population ndices of total agricultural production ndices of per capita agricultural production ndices of total food production ndices of per capita food production Aggregates of total agricultural production Aggregates of total food production Agricultural production, aggregates, and indices, by country: Australia Burma Cambodia Ceylon ndia ndonesia Japan Korea, South Malaysia, West New Zealand Pakistan Philippines Taiwan Thailand Viet Nam, South Selected trade data: Far East and Oceania: Exports and imports of foods, beverages, and agricultural raw materials, selected countries, United States: Trade in fojds, beverages, and agricultural raw materials with countries of the Far East and Oceania, United States: Pattern of trade with the Far East and Oceania, United States: Proportion of trade with the Far East,

4 Table United States: Trade with the Far East and with Australia and New Zealand, ndia: mports of food grains, Hong Kong: mports of selected agricultural products, South Korea: mports of selected agricultural products, Japan: mports of selected agricultural products, from all sources, by quantity and value, average and and annual Japan: mports of selected agricultural products from the United States by quantity and value, average and and annual Wheat: U.S. exports to the Far East, by principal destinations, Corn: U.S. exports to the Far East, by principal destinations, Wheat: Australia 1 s exports to selected countries, 1950/51-65/ Wheat flour: Australia 1 s exports to selected countries, 1950/51-65/66 61 i1

5 The indices of agricultural production presented on the following pages are constructed from production series, given in thousand metric tons, extending from 1954 through 1966 inclusive. To the extent possible, commodities were combined on a calendar year basis. Calendar year production includes crops harvested during the spring, summer, and autumn of 1965 (for example) and includes some crops, such as rice, the harvest of which started in 1965, but continued into the early part of Data for livestock products are for calendar year The 3 calendar years 1957 through 1959 were taken as the base period. For each country the several commodities were weighted in order to combine into an index. Actual prices expressed in U.S. dollars per metric ton were employed as weights. Separate price weights were used for each country based, to the extent possible, upon a schedule of average prices at the farm level. When farm prices were not available, it was necessary to use wholesale or export prices adjusting to make them comparable to farm level. n some instances no price information was available. t was then necessary to make office estimates, depending, in part, upon relationships between commodities in neighboring countries. Commodity prices in foreign countries are nearly always reported in local currencies. Converting these to U.S. dollars posed a problem because the currencies of most countries included in this study were overvalued in varying degrees in the years Therefore, to convert with exchange rates at par value would give an unrealistic schedule of prices in U.S. dollars. Prices would be too high in proportion to the extent of currency depreciation. This would not affect the computation of an index for a given country, but it would cause difficulty when combining production of several countries to obtain a regional index. For this reason conversion of prices to U.S. dollars was made by using free market exchange rates rather than official rates. Free market rates reported at Hong Kong represent the principal source of information for this exercise. Because of the nature of the data, it was not possible to obtain an average for the three years n general, the rates employed were those reported at the end of September 1958, ie, near the mid-point of our base period. To calculate the indices for each country, the production of each commodity was multiplied by the price weight and the resulting aggregates were summed, (Note that since the weights are actual prices, the aggregates that appear in the following tables are values of production in million U.S. dollars.) The total aggregate for a given year was then divided by the total aggregate for the base period ( ) to obtain the index number. The per capita indices for each country were calculated by dividing the indices of total agricultural production by the population indices. Food production indices were calculated similarly, excluding non-food items. Most of the production figures for the major crops used in preparing these indices are drawn from the periodic commodity reports published by the Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Slight differences in magnitude may occur as a result of conversion to different units and rounding. Other discrepancies may arise from the use of a different time period. For some commodities, not all countries of the Far East are shown in FAS reports. For other commodities, generally unimportant in world commerce, FAS does not publish production estimates. iii

6 To make the present indices as representative as possible of the agricultural production pattern in each country, the Far East Branch has included estimates of production of many commodities for which official FAS figures are not available. These estimates are based upon data, often incomplete, received from diverse sources including official statistics of foreign governments, other foreign source material, and reports of U.S. Agricultural Attaches. n some instances data for the most recent y~ar or years are not available from FAS publications or from any other official or unofficial sources. These gaps have been filled with estimates made by country specialists of the Far East Branch based upon past trends and knowledge of the country situation. Judgment is a dominant factor, and some of these figures are subject to a wide range of error. All production figures are based on the latest information available to this office as of December 31, Data on the imports and exports of each country are taken from the official customs returns of the respective countries. They include selected Standard nternational Trade Classification (STC) groups of products that are agricultural or agricultural related. Trade of the United States shown with the same STC groups are taken from foreign trade reports of the Bureau of the Census, U.S, Department of Commerce, COMMODTES CLASSFED AS FOOD Cereals Rice, paddy Wheat Millet and sorghum Barley Corn Other grains Vegetables and Tubers White potatoes Swee tpotatoes Cassava Onions Chillies Other vegetables Fruits Bananas Pineapple Citrus Other fruit Oilseeds and Oils Copra Peanuts Cottonseed Rape and mustard seed Soybeans Sesame Palm oil Palm kernel Livestock Products Milk Eggs Meat Sugarcane Sugar beets Pulses Pulses Cacao iv

7 Table 1.--Far East and Oceania: ndices of population , population estimate for 1958, and rates of increase l/ Region and country Estimated population 1958 ndices 1958= T Compound rate of increase Thousands Percent Far East: Burma 21,529 Cambodia 5,140 Ceylon 9,388 ndia 414,167 ndonesia 89,441 Japan 91,540 Korea, South 23,330 Malaysia, West 6,499 Pakistan 95' 57 5 Philippines 25,795 Taiwan 10,431 Thailand 25,500 Viet Nam, South 13,310 Total 831, ] , ll4.3 ll o o ll o , , Oceania: Australia 9,842 New Zealand 2,282 Total 12, l/ ndices calculated from midyear data.

8 Table 2.--Far East and Oceania: ndices of total agricultural production, by country, annual ( = 100) Region and country FAR EAST East Asia Burma Cambodia ndonesia Japan.!./ Korea, South Malaysia, West Philippines Taiwan llo Thailand Viet Nam, South Total 10 countries llo Total excluding Japan South Asia Ceylon ndia Pakistan ll N Total 3 cou~tries ll Total 13 countries ll Total excluding Japan OCEANA Australia JJ New Zealand.!/ Total 2 countries ll ndices of net agricultural production for Japan, Australia, and New Zealand.

9 Table 3.--Far East and Oceania: ndices of per capita agricultural production, by country, annual ( = 100) Region and country 19S4 1 19SS 19S S8 19S FAR EAST East Asia Burma los Cambodia S los ndonesia Japan_!/ S Korea, South S Malaysia, West S Philippines los 108 Taiwan los Thailand S 133 Viet Nam, South los Total 10 countries Total excluding Japan w South Asia Ceylon ndia los los Pakistan los Total 3 countries los los Total 13 countries los Total excluding Japan S los OCEANA Ac;stralia _!f New Zealand _!f los Total 2 countries _!/ ndices of net agricultural production per capita for Japan, Australia, and New Zealand.

10 Table 4.-- Far East and Oceania: ndices of total food production, by country, annual ( = 100) Region and country l FAR EAST East Asia Burma Cambodia ndonesia Japan_!! los Korea, South Malaysia, West Philippines Taiwan Thailand Viet Nam, South Total 10 countries Total excluding Japan South Asia Ceylon ndia Pakistan " Total 3 countries Total 13 countries los Total excluding Japan OCEANA Australia 1/ New Zealand.!/ ill Total 2 countries lf ndices of net food production for Japan, Australia, and New Zealand.

11 Table 5.--Far East and Oceania: ndices of per capita food production, by country, annual = 100) Region and country FAR FAST East Asia Burma Cambodia ndonesia Japan.!f Korea, South Malaysia, West Philippines Taiwan Thailand Viet Nam, South Total 10 countries los 106 Total excluding Japan South Asia Ceylon ndia Pakistan "' Total 3 countries Total 13 countries Total excluding Japan OCEANA Australia New Zealand _!/ Total 2 countries _!/ ndices of net food production per capita for Japan, Australia, and New Zealand.

12 Table 6.--Far East and Oceania: Aggregates of total agricultural production, by country, aver11ge and annual Region and country Average FAR EAST in millions East Asia Burma Cambodia ndonesia 1, , , , , ,049.7 l, , , , ,244.2 Japan 4, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,781.2 Korea, South , Malaysia, West Philippines Taiwan ' Thailand Viet Nam, South Total 10 countries 8, , , , , ' , , , , , , , ,559.8 Total excluding Japan 4, , , ' , , , , , , , , , , South Asia Ceylon ndia 10, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,953.4 Pakistan 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,063.7 a- Total 3 countries 12, , , , , , , , , ; , , , , Total 13 countries 20, , ,264.0,19, , , , , , , , , , ,983.0 Total excluding Japan 16, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,201.8 OCEANA Australia 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,304.6 New Zealand , ,043.0 Total 2 countries 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

13 Table 7.--Far East and Oceania: Aggregates of total food production, by country, average and annual Region and country Average FAR EAST in millions East Asia Burma Cambodia ndonesia , ,037.5 Japan 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,513.4 Korea, South ,005.6 Malaysia, West Philippines Taiwan Thailand Viet Nam, South Total 10 countries 7, , , , , , , , , , , , ,071.4 Total excluding Japan 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,558.0 South Asia Ceylon ndia 9, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,813.4 Pakistan 1, , , , , , , , ' , , ' , , Total 3 countries 10, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,801.6 Total 13 countries 18, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,873.0 Total excluding Japan 14, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,359.6 OCEANA Australia l, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,345.2 New Zealand Total 2 countries 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,075.5

14 Table B.--Australia: Volume of production, by commodities, average and annual Commodity Weight Average ,000 metric tons Wheat 56 4,637 4,589 5,319 3,659 2,655 5,855 5,402 7,449 6,727 8,353 8,924 10,037 7,022 11,295 Barley , l, , l, ,021 Corn Oats , , ,381 1,000 1,248 1,238 1,271 1,054 1,125 Rice, paddy Sorghum White potatoes Sugarcane 11 9,641 10,249 9,044 9,421 9,398 10,377 9,147 9,313 9,731 12,941 12,313 15,312 14,383 17,042 Peanuts, in shell Flaxseed Cotton Tobacco 2, Hops 1, Seeds Fruits: Dried Citrus Deciduous Tropical co Vegetables Milk 60 6,293 6,194 6,550 6,344 5,907 6,402 6,571 6,257 6,744 6,857 6,991 7,106 7,083 7' 195 Eggs Wool 1, Meat: Beef and veal ,001 1, Muttoa and lamb Pork Poultry <

15 Table 9.- -Australia: Aggregates (in millions) and indices of production, by commodities, average (base period) and annual Commodity Average Wheat o Barley Corn Oats Rice, paddy 6: Sorghum White potatoes Sugarcane Peanuts, in shell Flaxseed Cotton Tobacco Hops Seeds Fruits: Dried Citrus Deciduous Tropical Vegetables "' Milk Eggs o Wool Meat: Beef and veal _ Mutton and lamb Pork Poultry Aggregates of Production Total crops , , , , ,290.5 Total livestock 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,116.1 Total agriculture 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,406.6 Total food 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,447.2 Feed deduction Net agriculture 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,304.6 Net food 1, , , , , , , , , 8" , , , , ,345.2 ndex of Production Total crops Total livestock Net agriculture i Net food ndex of Per Capita Production Total crops Total livestock Net agriculture Net food ndex of Population (1958 pop. = 9,842,000)

16 Table Burma: Volume of production, by commodities, average and annual Average Commodity Weight s ,000 metric tons Rice, paddy 14 7,053 6,668 6,532 7,258 5,897 7,416 7,847 7,575 7,800 8,000 8,200 8,100 8,200 8,200 Wheat Corn Millet Pulses White potatoes Sugarcane 3 1,149 1, ,069 1,321 1,057 1,021 1, ,292 1,213 1,219 1,219 Peanuts Sesame Cottonseed Cotton Jute Tobacco Rubber Tea Bananas ,... Other fruit Vegetables

17 Table ll --Burma: Aggregates {in millions) and indices of production, by commodities, average {base period) and annual Commodity Average Rice, paddy Wheat Corn ,5 0, Millet Pulses White potatoes , Sugarcane , Peanuts Sesame Cottonseed Cotton , , Jute ,1 o. 1 0,1 0, , Tobacco Rubber Tea o ,2 0, Bananas Other fruit Vegetables Aggregates of Production Total agriculture Total food ndex of Production Total agriculture Total food ndex of Per Capita Production Total agriculture Total food ndex of Population 0958 pop. = 21,529,000)

18 Table Cambodia: Commodity Rice, paddy Corn Pulses Sugarcane Soybeans Peanuts Sesame Cottonseed Cotton Kapok Tobacco Rubber Pepper Volume of production, by commodities, average and annual Weight Average ,000 metric tons ,180 1,488 1,789 1,986 2,123 2,083 2,335 2,383 2,039 2,622 2,760 2,570 2,37"6 2, ,...,.,

19 Table 13.--Cambodia: Aggregates (in millions) and indices of production, by commodities, average (base period) and annual Commodity Average ~ JQii'i 1966 Rice, paddy Corn Pulses Sugarcane Soybeans Peanuts Sesame Cottonseed ,4 0.4 Cotton Kapok Tobacco Rubber Pepper Aggregates of Production Total agriculture , Total food , ndex of Production Total agriculture Total food w ndex of Per Capita Production Total agriculture Total food ndex of Population (1958 pop. = 5,140,000)

20 Table 14.--Ceylon: Volume of production, by commodities, average and annual Commodity Weight ,000 metric tons Rice, paddy Corn Millet Sweetpotatoes Cassava l,003 1, f , Copra Sesame Tobacco Rubber Tea Cacao Spices Meat ; L ' ,.,...

21 Table 15.--Ceylon: Aggregates (in millions) and indices of production, by commodities, average (base period) and annual Commodity J Average Rice, paddy o , Corn , ,4 0,5 0.1; Millet 1.0 0, , Sweetpotatoes Cassava Copra Sesame Tobacco Rubber Tea o Cacao Spices Meat ,5 ~ Aggregates of Production Total agriculture , Total food ndex of Production Total agriculture , 128 Total food ndex of Per Capita Production '"' Total agriculture no "' Total food ndex of Population (1958 pop. = 9,388,000) ,6 100, , ,

22 Table 16.--ndia: Volume of production, by commodities, average and annual Commodity Weight Average ,000 metric tons Rice, paddy Wheat Barley Corn Bajra (millet) Jowar (sorghum) Ragi (millet) Small millet ,177 39,886 43,054 45,390 39,848 48, los 47,578 51,913 53,548 47,919 55,389 9,155 8,106 9,146 8,869 9,504 8,005 9,957 10,322 10,997 12,072 10,829 2,621 2,943 2,972 2,831 2,879 2,291 2,692 2,716 2,819 3,150 2,423 3,874 3,546 3,123 3,693 3,780 3,769 4,074 4,080 4,312 4,578 4,553 3,662 3,439 3,455 2,875 3,621 3,870 3,494 3,283 3,645 3,892 3,734 8,745 9,202 6,726 7,324 8,632 9,028 8,576 9,814 8,029 9,621 9,135 1,9ll 1,640 1,808 1,793 1,796 1,950 1,986 1,838 2,030 1,891 1,962 1,984 2,465 2,043 1,905 1, 744 2,181 2,026 1,909 2,050 1,860 2,017 58' ,967 46,246 9,861 12,290 10,720 2,037 2,523 2,284 4,658 4,632 4,600 4,454 3,598 4,100 9, 749 7,492 8,700 1,898 1,305 1,600 1,952 1,602 1,800 Gram Tur Other pulses ,051 4,886 5,685 5,412 6,227 4,902 7,025 5,619 6,250 5,785 5,343 1 '772 1,939 1,789 1,937 2,070 1,507 1, 739 1, 702 2,066 1,367 1,592 3,987 4,284 4,158 4,338 3,837 3,687 4,438 4,497 4,388 4,603 4,505 4,499 5,785 4,442 1,370 1,888 1,688 4,186 4, 764 3,887 White potatoes Sweetpotatoes Cassava Sugarcane ,075 2,040 1,840 1,940 1,800 2,037 2,387 2,779 2,719 2,447 3,336 1,092 1,355 1,616 1,103 1,157 1,106 1,014 1, 301 1, , 701 2,012 1,808 1,787 1,631 1, 714 1, 759 1,949 1,969 1,892 1, ,587 54,490 70,560 72,940 83,530 84,080 86,150 93, ' ,967 94,470 2,554 3,452 3, ,000 1,000 2, 771 2,800 2, , , , "' Peanuts, in shell Sesame Flaxseed Rape and mustard Castor beans Cottonseed Cotton Jute Tobacco ,754 4,186 3,806 4,307 4,656 5,046 4,561 4,812 4,994 4,821 5, , , , ,043 1,063 1,347 1,346 1, los ,024 2,253 1,949 2,118 2,248 2,134 1,689 2,352 2,070 2,489 2, , ,074 1, , , ,888 4,022 5, ,466 1, ,489 2,337 2,591 1, ,120 1, , Rubber Tea Coffee ll

23 Table 17.~-ndia: Aggregates ({n millions) and indices of production, by commodities, average (bsse ~erigd) and annual Commodity Average Rice, paddy 4, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,855.8 Wheat , , Barley Corn Bajra (millet) Jowar (sorghum) Ragi (millet) ll ll7.0 ll ,0 Small millet Gram Tur Other pulses White potatoes Sweetpotatoee Cassava u2.5 Sugarcane Peanuts, in shell Sesame Flaxseed Rape and mustard ll Castor beans Cottonseed Cotton Jute ll " Tobacco Rubber 14.2 ll Tea Coffee Aggregate of Productior Total agriculture 10, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,953.4 Total food 9, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,813.4 ndex of Production Total agriculture Total food ndex of per capita production Total agriculture Total food ndex of Population (1958 pop. = 414,167,

24 Table ndonesia: Volume of production, by commodities, average and annual Commodity W"ight Average Rice, paddy Corn Sweetpotatoes Cassava Sugarcane Copra Palm kernel Palm oil Soybeans Peanuts Kapok Tobacco Rubber Tea Coffee ,000 metric tons ,259 12,049 11,546 11, '742 12' '760 13,488 12,720 13,772 13,231 13,461 14,923 15, ,195 2,720 1 '971 1,965 1,860 2,634 2,092 2,460 2,283 3,202 2,670 3,500 4,100 3, ,877 2,111 1,897 2,638 2,652 3,103 2,877 2,670 2,464 3,623 3,600 4,100 4,300 4, ,364 9,569 9,317 9,131 10,118 1l,278 12, '377 11' ,975 11' ,500 13' , ,126 7,091 9,108 7 '776 8,577 7,610 8,191 6,583 6, 790 5,400 5,800 5,600 6,000 6, ,102 1,221 1,055 1,018 1,113 1,085 1,107 1 '166 1,247 1,186 1,379 1,400 1,450 1, co

25 Table ndonesia: Aggregates (in millions) and indices of production, by commodities, average (base period) and annual ==f"* Commodity Rice, paddy Corn Sweetpotatoes Cassava Sugarcane Copra Palm kernel Palm oil Soybeans 'Y Peanuts Kapok Tobacco Rubber Tea ll Coffee Aggregates of Production Total agriculture 1, , , , ,059,6 1, , , , ' ,244.2 Total food , ,017,6 1,037.5 ~ ndex of Production "' Total agriculture Total food ndex of Per Capita Production Total agriculture Total food ndex of Population (1958 pop. = 89,441,000) s

26 Table 20. -J a.pa.n: Volume of production, by commodi~ies, a.vera.ge and a.nnua Commodity Weight ,000 metric tons "' 0 Rice, paddy Whea.t Barley Corn Millet a.nd sorghum Other gra.in Pulses Whi 'Ce potatoes Sweetpotatoes Suga.r beets Sugarcane Soybeans Peanuts, in she 1t Rape and mustard Tobacco Tea Fruit Vegetables Milk Eggs Meat ,982 11,391 15,481 13,624 14,330 14,991 15,626 16,072 15,524 16,261 16,015 15,730 15' , ,342 1,516 l,468 l,375 1,330 1,281 1,416 1,531 1,781 1, ,244 1,287 1, ,178 2,583 2,408 2,340 2,160 2,067 2,308 2,301 l '976 1, ,203 1,234 1, ,340 2,743 2,908 2, 749 3,372 3,396 3,251 3,594 3,848 3,678 3,409 3,914 4,056 3, ,526 5,226 7,180 7,073 6,228 6,370 6,981 6,277 6,333 6,217 6,662 5,875 4,955 4, ,074 1,136 1,261 1,200 1,203 1,831 1, 'l , ,541 1,634 1,622 2,248 2,417 2,509 2,698 2,977 3,213 3,238 3,495 3,864 3,985 4, ,274 6, ,699 8,307 8,094 8,420 9,924 9,868 11,164 12,565 11,955 12,265 12, , ,000 1,154 1,362 1,548 1 '715 l,887 2,114 2,437 2, 761 3,020 3,228 3, ,

27 Table 21.--Japan: Aggregates (in mill~ons) and indices of production, by commodities, average (base period) and annual Commodity Average <; 1966 Rice, paddy 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,389.6 Wheat o Barley , Corn Millet and sorghum Other grain Pulses White potatoes Sweetpotatoes Sugar beets Sugarcane Soybeans Peanuts, in shell Rape and mustard Tobacco Tea Fruit Vegetables N Milk Eggs Meat Aggregates of Production Total crops 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,068.7 Total livestock , , ,187.5 Total agriculture 4, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,256.2 Total food 4, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,988.4 Feed deduction Net agriculture 4, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,781.2 Net food 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,513.4 ndex of Production Total crops Total 1 ives tack Net agriculture Net food ndex of Per Capita Production Total crops Total 1 ivestock Net agriculture Net food ndex of Population (1958 pop. = 91,540,000)