Grain: World Markets and Trade

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1 Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service Circular Series FG 12-1 Dec 21 Grain: World Markets and Trade Abundant Global Rice Supplies Contrast With a Tight Wheat Supply Situation Milled Rice Wheat MMT /9 9/21 21/211 (Dec) World Production World Consumption MMT Both rice and wheat prices continue their upward surge despite the appearance of different global supply and demand conditions. In the case of rice, the price surge would appear to be stronger than warranted with global production expected to meet consumption as a result of record supplies. Global stocks, and stocks outside, are both forecast to be large, and perhaps more importantly, carry-in stocks held by major exporters are the largest in 1 years. Lower prices would normally be associated with this surplus scenario. However, there are a number of other market/policy factors supporting the higher prices. The weakening dollar is a factor in the higher rice prices, as well cross-price elasticity between wheat and rice as both are food grains. U.S. milling quality problems are limiting supplies of high-quality rice. Vietnam s tight supplies and high minimum export price have temporarily constrained new sales until the next crop supplies are available. Furthermore, despite huge stocks, India s continuing export ban on non-basmati rice limits supplies available to the world, and Pakistan s short crop will help support prices. In the case of wheat, the gap between global production and consumption supports rising prices. Smaller supplies and falling stocks in most major exporters, along with Russia s export, ban have fueled the price surge. Also driving wheat prices higher are tighter supplies of high-quality milling wheat with sharp reductions in grain quality this year in Germany,, and Australia, all normally major suppliers. For wheat, as with rice, there are a number of market and policy factors affecting prices /9 9/21 21/211 (Dec) World Production World Consumption Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board - USDA

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS World Markets and Trade: Commentary and Current Data Wheat... 4 Rice... 9 Coarse Grains Historical Data Series for Selected Regions and Countries Endnotes to Grain: World Markets and Trade... 2 The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) updates its production, supply and distribution database for cotton, oilseeds, and grains at 9 a.m. on the day the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report is released. It is available on the FAS website ( This circular is released at 1: a.m. on the same day, together with its downloadable data set. Grain: World Markets and Trade, 2

3 All Grain Summary Comparison Wheat Rice, Milled Corn Marketing Year 8/9 9/1 8/9 9/1 8/9 9/1 Production (Jun-May) Other Domestic Consumption (Jun-May) Other Ending Stocks (Jun-May) Other TY Imports (Jun-May) Other TY Exports (Jun-May) Other Note: Consumption in this table has not been adjusted for differences in marketing year imports and exports and therefore differs from global totals shown elsewhere. Marketing years for U.S. grains are: Wheat (Jun-May), Rice (Aug-Jul), Corn (Sep-Aug). 'Marketing Year' column is germane for U.S. wheat only.

4 WHEAT: WORLD MARKETS AND TRADE U.S. Weekly FOB Export Bids $/MT HRS SRW SWW HRW PRICES: Domestic prices: Prices of all wheat classes surged the last few days of November and into December on concerns over excessive rain and its impact on crop quality in eastern Australia. Hard Red Spring (HRS) jumped $24/ton to $438/ton and Hard Red Winter (HRW) rose $13/ton to $324/ton. Soft White Wheat (SWW) was up $/ton to $3/ton and Soft Red Winter (SRW) climbed $23/ton to $323/ton. TRADE CHANGES IN Selected Exporters Australia is lowered 1. million tons to 14. million due to crop quality concerns and logistical constraints. is down, tons to 17. million on reduced quality as more of the larger crop is expected to be used domestically for feeding. is halved to 1. million tons on expectations that the government will not reinstate the VAT rebate for exports. Grain: World Markets and Trade, 4

5 Iran is doubled to 1. million tons because of a strong export pace. Serbia is raised 3, tons to, on the pace of shipments to the EU. Selected Importers Brazil is down 3, tons to 6.2 million with larger domestic supplies. is reduced, tons to. million on the slow pace of import licenses. Iran is lowered by, tons to 3, due to reported import restrictions. Grain: World Markets and Trade,

6 World Wheat, Flour, and Products Trade July/June Year, Thousand Metric Tons 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 Nov Dec TY Exports 8, 8,,172 8,621 1,228 12,231 Argentina 14, 1, 13,744 13,4 7,449 11,241 Australia 17, 17, 18,974 18,674 16,61 19,278 1, 2, ,83 2,783 22, 22, 22,117 2,319 12,272 13,813 1, Iran 6, 6, 7,871,71 8,181 8,89 Kazakhstan 4, 4, 18,6 18,393 12,22 1,79 Russia 3, 3, 4,274 2,342 1,763 2, Turkey 6, 6, 9,337 13,37 1,236 3,366 Ukraine 8,7 8,27 9,72 9,78 9,363 6,92 91,7 92,77 11,19 116,1 82,143 9,761 34, 34, 24,17 27,11 34,282 24,873 12,7 126,77 134, ,21 116,42 11,634 TY Imports 2,3 2,3 2, 3,8 2,3 1,4 Afghanistan,3,3,167 6,3,94 4,874 Algeria 2, 2, 3,331 2,882 1, 1,731 Bangladesh 6, 6, 6,667 6,762 7,76 7,743 Brazil 9,8 9,8 1,3 9,9 7,7 7,3 Egypt,,,48 7,737 6,933,233,3,,364,419,227,61 Indonesia 3,6 3,6 3,97 3,879 3,429 2,892 Iraq 1, 1, 1,862 2,64 1,187 1,494 Israel,,,2,16,71,747 Japan 3,6 3,6 4,47 3,371 3,92 3,439 Korea, South 1,8 1,9 2,91 1,689 1, Libya 3,3 3,3 3,196 3,342 3,136 3,67 Mexico 3,6 3,6 2,34 3,79 4,192 1,82 Morocco 4, 4, 4,79 3, 2,633 3,26 Nigeria 1,6 1,6 1,73 1,38 1,444 1,367 Peru 2,8 2,8 3,18 3,21 2,266 2,74 Philippines 2, 2, Russia 2, 2, 1,91 1,4 7 1 Saudi Arabia 1,6 1, 1,38 1,472 1, South Africa 1,6 1,6 1,92 1,712 1,6 1,323 Sudan 1, 1, 1,886 1,7 Syria 1,8 1,8 1,34 1,768 2,372 1,43 Tunisia 2, 2, 3,192 3,78 2,192 1,778 Turkey 2,3 2,3 2,62 2,919 2, 2,44 Yemen 36,66 37,43 42,739 47,88 3,86 39,12 119,36 121,13 128,39 136,883 11,822 19,839 2,747 2,622 2,79 2,919 2,61 2,438 Unaccounted 2,9 2,9 3,18 3,399 2,92 3,37 12,7 126,77 134, ,21 116,42 11,634 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.

7 World Wheat Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 Nov Dec Production 13, 13, 1, 1,1 18,6 16,3 Argentina 2, 24, 21,923 21,42 13,69 1,822 Australia,,1,26,88 3,82 2,234 Brazil 23,167 22, 26,848 28,611 2,4 2,26 114, 114, 11,12 112,464 19,298 18,466 8,6 8,6 8,23 7,977 8,27 8,274 Egypt 136, ,28 138,1 11,122 12, ,87 8,71 8,71 8,68 78,7 7,81 69,3 India 14,4 14,4 12, 1, 1, 14, Iran 11, 11, 17, 12, 16,4 13,4 Kazakhstan 23,9 22,6 24,33 2,99 23,29 21,277 Pakistan 41, 42, 61,7 63,7 49,4 44,9 Russia 17, 17, 18,4 16,8 1, 17, Turkey 17, 17, 2,9 2,9 13,9 14, Ukraine 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,,8 Uzbekistan 47,2 47,37 4,789 43,198 46, 49,83 86,41 82, ,743 61,21,364 46,888 6,13 6,13 6,366 68,16,821 49, ,13 642, ,19 683, ,18 96,1 Total Consumption 8,7 8,7 8, 8,3 8, 7,8 Algeria 7,97 6,97 6,72 6,8 6, 7,6 Australia 1,8 1,8 11, 1,7 1,3 1,3 Brazil 8,7 7,7 6,9 8,36 6,787 8,986 18,8 17,8 17, 1, 16, 12, 18,4 18,4 17,9 17, 1,8 1,3 Egypt 123, 123, 124, 127, 116,36 12, 82,43 82,43 78,21 7,924 76,423 73,477 India 16, 16,4 16,1 1,8 1, 1,3 Iran 8,3 8,3 8, 7,4 7,22 7, Morocco 24, 24, 23, 22,8 22,4 21,7 Pakistan 47, 48, 42, 38,9 37,6 36,4 Russia 17, 17, 17,1 16,9 16,8 16,6 Turkey 11,6 11,6 12,3 11,9 12,3 11,7 Ukraine 7,4 7,4 7,3 7, 6,8 6, Uzbekistan 129,48 13,83 131,886 12, ,9 12, ,19 633,24 62,683 67,461 88,143 8,169 32,278 32, 3,932 34,293 28,614 3,94 666,468 66,79 61,61 641,74 616,77 616,19 Ending Stocks 6,731 6,111 4,16 3,88 3,61 3,93 Australia,637,17 7,82 6,47 4,46 6,86 6,14 6,14 4,314 4,692 38,97 38,48,722,722,732 4,818 4,2 4,142 Egypt 11,611 1,64 1,883 18,969 12,429 14,171 14,47 14,47 16,1 13,43,8 4, India 4,49 3,749 3,849 2,713 3,74 4,33 Syria 4,133 43,3 62,323 2,61 43,264 41,78 13, ,42 17, , , ,83 23,32 23,8 26,2 17,867 8,323 12, , , 196, ,18 124,672 13,244

8 Regional Wheat Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 Nov Dec TY Imports North America 7,279 6,47 7,128 6,779 6,6 6,6 Central America 1,82 1,46 1,489 1,464 1,2 1,2 South America 13,8 13,19 13,161 13,118 13,1 12,79 European Union,233 6,933 7,737,48,, Other Europe 1,48 1,932 1,67 1,698 1,7 1,7 Former Soviet Union - 12,986 6,1 6,2,41 7,37 7,32 Middle East 12,89 11,997 28,46 22,489 17,62 17,12 North Africa 16,4 21,742 23,466 21,396 22,4 22,3 Sub-Saharan Africa 11,431 1,269 13,724 1,761 14,26 14,26 East Asia 11,894 11,277 11,322 13,744 12, 12, South Asia 1,949 8,21 1,747 7,86 6,1 6,31 Southeast Asia 12,377 11,483 12,233 13,89 12,72 12,2 2,636 2,777 2,638 2,7 2,7 2,7 Total 113, ,774 14, ,7 124,8 122,31 Production North America 77,722 79,468 1,627 91,14 86,23 87,17 South America 21,222 2,43 19,616 2,34 22,297 22,647 European Union 124,87 12,133 11, ,1 136,28 136,228 Other Europe 4,313 4,4 4,712 4,69 3,8 3,8 Former Soviet Union ,94 92,447 11,43 113,839 83,3 82,63 Middle East 41,96 4,13 32,34 37,287 38,14 38,14 North Africa 18,76 13,948 14,32 2,231 17, 17, Sub-Saharan Africa,724,47 6,13 6,1,9,83 East Asia 19,669 11,9 113, ,281 11,82 11,82 South Asia 9,881 1,7 13, ,233 19,43 11,73 Oceania 11,99 13,846 21,697 22, 24,277 2, Total 96,1 611,18 683, ,19 642, ,13 Domestic Consumption North America 46,126 4,91 48,329 44,87 46, 47,278 South America 24,193 24,372 24,28 24,973 24,83 2,1 European Union 12, 116,36 127, 124, 123, 123, Other Europe,22,47,4,434,6,3 Former Soviet Union ,1 74,86 76,316 8,2 84,97 84,3 Middle East 1,33,947 2,489 3,67 4,2 4,2 North Africa 34,1 3,674 37,464 39,1 4,4 4,17 Sub-Saharan Africa 16,742 1,678 18,337 2,74 19,873 19,798 East Asia 113, ,6 117, ,82 12,1 121,1 South Asia 1,66 19,488 14,4 114, ,31 118,19 Southeast Asia 11,719 11,9 12,4 13,37 12,66 12,46 Oceania 8,3 7,388 7,72 7,63 7,8 8,8 3,267 3,4 3,33 3,333 3,4 3,4 Total 618, ,28 63,27 649, , ,46 Ending Stocks North America 19,69 13,18 24,729 3,144 28,772 29,711 South America 3,62 4,69 3,14 4,131 4,9 3,988 European Union 14,171 12,429 18,969 1,883 1,64 11,611 Other Europe 1,772 1,876 2,28 2,246 1,426 1,626 Former Soviet Union ,11 12,923 2,813 23,87 11,767 11,992 Middle East 12,13 1,7 12,93 1,227 12,11 12,11 North Africa 9,764 9,482 9,497 11,833 1,932 11,323 Sub-Saharan Africa 1,387 1,28 1,886 2,921 2,21 2,448 East Asia 4,846 41,788 48,276 7,337 62,622 62,622 South Asia 8,37 9,727 16,91 21,8 18,1 19,23 Southeast Asia 2,844 2,837 2,738 3,19 2,9 2,9 Oceania 4,224 3,912 3,8 4,297 6,24 6, Total 13, , ,18 196, , 176,724 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years.

9 RICE: WORLD MARKETS AND TRADE BATTLING FOR MARKET SHARE IN THE MIDDLE EAST Most rice is traded regionally due to logistics and consumer preferences. The major exception is the Middle East, with its central location, limited ability to produce, consumers with relatively high incomes, and demand for several types of high-quality rice. Suppliers from all corners of the globe vie for market share. For example, U.S. sales to Turkey ballooned in 21 when Egypt implemented export restrictions. Vietnam grabbed much of the Iraq business from higher-priced and Thailand in 9 and early 21 only to give it back when Vietnam faced tight supplies and rising prices later in the year. Uruguay s relatively low prices in 9 enabled a percent increase in shipments to the region, only to have sales plummet when tight supplies pushed prices above the competition in 21. Pakistan s emergence as a low-cost exporter has heightened competition with India for the basmati market despite erratic supplies and occasional quality issues. Overall, demand in the region has been fairly steady; it is the suppliers that vary. SELECTED TRADE CHANGE Vietnam s 21 exports are raised 3, tons to 6. million on large, late-season sales. Grain: World Markets and Trade, 9

10 World Rice Trade January/December Year, Thousand Metric Tons 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 Nov Dec TY Exports Argentina Australia Brazil Burma ,2 4 Cambodia , Egypt 1, Guyana India 6,31 3,383 2,123 2, 2, 2, Japan Pakistan 2,696 3, 3,187 3,8 2,6 2,6 Thailand 9,7 1,11 8,7 8, 9,7 9,7 Uruguay Vietnam 4,22 4,649,9 6,,8, ,848 26,3 26,261 26,37 26,73 26,73 3,3 3,219 2,983 3,2 3, 3, 31,81 29,749 29,244 29,882 3,28 3,28 TY Imports Bangladesh 1,7 1, Brazil Cote d'ivoire Cuba ,342 1,2 1,383 1, 1,3 1,3 Hong Kong Indonesia 2, Iran 1, 1, 1,47 1,1 1, 1, Iraq ,89 1,1 1,1 1,1 Japan Malaysia 799 1,39 1,7 1,2 1,2 1,2 Mexico Mozambique Nigeria 1, 1,8 2, 1,7 1,9 1,9 Philippines 1,9 2, 2, 2,6 2, 2, Saudi Arabia 961 1,166 1,9 1,1 1,3 1,3 Senegal South Africa Syria Thailand United Arab Emirates Vietnam Yemen ,43 8,363 7,671 8,317 8,34 8,33 28,699 27,892 26,149 27,822 27,64 27,63 Unaccounted 2,47 1,26 2,413 1,41 1,97 1, ,81 29,749 29,244 29,882 3,28 3,28 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Note about dates: is calendar year 211, 9/1 is calendar year 21, and so on.

11 World Rice Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 Nov Dec Milled Production 32,3 32,3 31, 31, 28,8 29, Bangladesh 8,4 8,4 7,67 8,7 8,199 7,69 Brazil 1, 1, 1,97 1,1 1,73 1,6 Burma 4,8 4,8 4,78 4,2 4,238 3,946 Cambodia 139,3 136, 136,7 134,33 13, , 3,88 3,9 4,16 4,42 4,38 4,383 Egypt 9, 97, 89,13 99,18 96,69 93,3 India 38, 38, 37,1 38,3 37, 3,3 Indonesia 7,8 7,8 7,711 8,29 7,93 7,786 Japan 4,3 4,3 4,916 4,843 4,48 4,68 Korea, South 3,6 3,6 3,4 3, 3, 2,9 Nigeria,,1 6,8 6,9,7,4 Pakistan 1, 1, 9,772 1,7 1,479 9,77 Philippines 2,3 2,3 2,26 19,8 19,8 18,2 Thailand 24,82 24,7 24,689 24,393 24,37 22,922 Vietnam 36,79 36,693 3,769 33,32 31,38 3,972 44,17 444,43 434, , , ,29 7,397 7,397 6,917 6,4 6,149 6,88 42,414 41,44 441, , ,64 42,297 Consumption and Residual 32,7 32,7 31,6 31, 3,747 29,764 Bangladesh 8, 8, 8, 8,3 8,24 7,92 Brazil 1,1 1,1 9,9 9,648 1,249 1,67 Burma 3,97 3,97 3,96 3,77 3,788 3,646 Cambodia 136, 13, 134,32 133, 127,4 127, 3,6 3,8 3,76 4, 3,34 3,276 Egypt 9, 96, 8,43 91,9 9,466 86,7 India 38, 38, 37,8 37,9 36,3 3,9 Indonesia 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,32 3,297 3,294 Iran 8,12 8,12 8, 8,326 8,177 8,2 Japan 4,8 4,8 4,7 4,788 4,67 4,887 Korea, South,,,,1 4, 4,4 Nigeria 13, 13, 13,3 13,1 13,499 12, Philippines 1, 1, 1, 9, 9,6 9,78 Thailand 19, 19,3 19,1 19, 19,4 18,77 Vietnam 3,26 3,297 1,87,18 48,8 47,64 448, ,4 433, , ,4 417,346 4,2 4,2 3,861 3,964 3,919 3,99 42,97 42,47 437,9 437,8 427, ,3 Ending Stocks 43,79 41,279 4,849 38,899 38,1 3,91 18, 19, 2, 19, 13, 11,43 India 7,27 7,27 7,17 7,7,67 4,67 Indonesia 2,91 2,91 2,726 2,71 2,6 2,46 Japan 2,34 2,34 3,34 4,673 4,418 4,868 Philippines 7,447 7,447 6,647 4,787 2,77 2,1 Thailand 1,42 1,711 1,4 1,961 2,18 1,392 Vietnam 1,736 1,71 11,38 11,631 11,382 1,87 93,23 92,741 94,162 9,723 79,73 73,71 1,2 1,2 1, ,234 94,76 94,266 9,316 91,683 8,621 74,949 Note: All data are reported on a milled basis.

12 Regional Rice Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 Nov Dec TY Imports North America 1,643 1,94 1,614 1,8 1,64 1,64 Caribbean 96 1, South America 1,86 1,1 1,113 1,41 1,2 1,2 Other Europe Former Soviet Union Middle East 4,778,646,28,,66,66 North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa 7,844 7,9 7,98 7,62 8,2 8,2 East Asia 2,318 1,612 1,874 1,88 1,94 1,94 South Asia 1,946 2, , Southeast Asia,749 4,64 4,28,1 4,89 4,89 2,2 2,428 2,19 2,7 2,11 2,11 Total 29,394 28,43 26,831 28,472 28,3 28,3 Production North America 6,266 6,327 6,6 7,9 7,7 7,7 Caribbean ,1 1,1 South America 14,22 1,461 16,214 1,84 1,92 1,974 European Union 1,676 1,77 1,62 1,99 2,6 2,2 Former Soviet Union , 1, 91 1,9 1, 1, Middle East 2,282 2,41 2,8 2,473 2,8 2,8 North Africa 4,413 4,46 4,423 4,19 3,94 3,628 Sub-Saharan Africa 9,397 9,8 1,988 11,99 12,432 12,432 East Asia 142,661 14,44 1,87 12,218 11,38 14,268 South Asia 133, ,7 142, ,731 14, ,69 Southeast Asia 13,778 19, ,26 11,61 112,41 112, ,2 1,2 Total 42, ,64 448, ,228 41,44 42,414 Domestic Consumption North America,88,7,4 4,999,162,162 Central America 1,118 1,14 1,12 1,134 1,148 1,16 Caribbean 1,829 1,931 1,791 1,874 1,98 1,98 South America 13,43 14,98 14,61 14,84 14,873 14,93 European Union 2,911 3,18 2,92 3, 3, 3, Former Soviet Union ,349 1,319 1,23 1,316 1,37 1,37 Middle East 7,38 7,48 7,832 7,889 8,2 8,2 North Africa 3,46 3,636 4,133 4,12 4,19 3,94 Sub-Saharan Africa 17,116 17,6 18,387 19,89 2,633 2,633 East Asia 144, ,31 149,71 1,712 11,41 12,84 South Asia 124, , , ,18 137,84 136,84 Southeast Asia 94,993 97,134 96,64 99,7 1,1 1, Total 418,8 426,214 43,299 43,21 4,794 41,212 Ending Stocks North America 1,377 1,111 1,126 1,32 1,681 1,681 Central America Caribbean South America 2,116 2,81 2,431 1,882 1,41 1,666 European Union 1,138 1,126 1,2 1,29 1,144 1,169 Middle East 1,719 2,44 1,771 1,837 1,812 1,812 North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa 1,21 1, East Asia 39,317 41,37 42,832 4,363 4,84 47,63 South Asia 12,636 14,36 21,393 22,483 2,777 19,677 Southeast Asia 14,426 1,78 19,119 19,627 19,718 19,427 Oceania Total 74,949 8,621 91,683 9,316 94,266 94,76 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years.

13 OVERVIEW COARSE GRAINS: WORLD MARKETS AND TRADE Global corn imports are forecast down fractionally on reduced imports by Mexico. Brazilian and Serbian exports are lowered, offset partially by higher shipments expected from and India with larger crops. PRICES: Domestic: Through November, U.S. corn export prices dropped $2/ton to $237/ton, then recovered $1/ton due to strong domestic use for feed and fuel and ongoing concerns over increasing dryness in Argentina. Argentine and Brazilian prices generally mirrored U.S. prices. TRADE CHANGES IN Selected Exporters $/MT Corn Weekly Export Bids U.S. Gulf Argentina Up River Brazil Paranagua Brazilian corn is cut 1. million tons to 8. million on indications of declining old-crop supplies. Canadian corn is raised, tons to, tons because of a record crop. (Imports are cut a like amount). Indian corn is boosted, tons to 2. million on a larger crop estimate and indications of good sales as international prices far exceed domestic prices. Serbian corn is cut 8, tons to 1.7 million (still a record). Logistics are expected to constrain exports, despite weak domestic demand and huge stocks. Australian barley is raised 3, tons to 4.3 million on sharply higher production. Canadian barley is cut 4, tons to 1. million, the lowest in 8 years, on a smaller crop. Grain: World Markets and Trade, 13

14 Selected Importers Mexican corn is lowered 1. million tons to 8.1 million on indications of lower feed grain demand for this year and last year. Mexican sorghum is lowered 1, tons to 2.6 million for the same reason. EU sorghum is raised 1, tons to 4, based on U.S. sales data and import licenses. TRADE CHANGES IN 9/1 Selected Exporters Large Late-Season Adjustments Reflect Reported Shipments: Indian corn raised, tons to 1. million Mexican corn up, tons to 6, Selected Importers Large Late-Season Adjustments Reflect Reported Shipments: Algerian corn boosted, tons to 2.6 million Canadian corn cut 239, tons to 2. million Egyptian corn raised 3, tons to.8 million Venezuelan corn up, tons to 2.2 million Grain: World Markets and Trade, 14

15 World Coarse Grain Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 Nov Dec TY Exports 17,2 17,2 18,832 1,241 17,786 17,191 Argentina,26 4,96 4,438 4,873 3,89 1,99 Australia 8,3 9,3 8,63 7,187 8,32 8,188 Brazil 2,92 3,12 3,68 3,82 6,379 3,787 6, 6, 4,38 4,338 4,679,463 2,6 2,1 1,72 2,642, India 1,3 1,3 1,393 1,864 1,473 1,981 Paraguay 1,71 2,1 1,38 1, Serbia 2,4 2,4 1,626 2,19 1, South Africa 9,6 9,6 1,914 11,38,99 3,942 Ukraine,37,42 8,374 9,86,81 1,964 62,61 63,86 64,761 9,1 6,,7 4,2 4,2 4,164 1,8 68,289 9,17 116,86 118,11 118,92 11,68 128, ,714 TY Imports 2,4 2,3 2,6 2,67 2,433 2,88 Algeria 1,4 1,4 1,2 1,497 1,28 1,472 Brazil 1,66 1,86 2,11 1,9 3,187 2,28 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,27 1,969 1,766 Chile 3,7 3,7 3,777 1,61 1,17 1,16 4,6 4,6 4,6 3,483 3,63 3,714 Colombia 1, 1, 1, 973 1,74 1,212 Dominican Republic,43,43,8,93 4,182 4,84 Egypt,6 4,96 3,4 2,996 19,892 8,738 3,6 3,6,, 3,9 3,6 Iran 1,73 1,71 1,49 1,29 1,776 1,684 Israel 19,17 19,17 19,198 19,611 19,21 19,668 Japan 9,3 9,3 8,496 7,248 9,38 8,797 Korea, South 2,8 2,8 2,8 2,447 3,181 2,363 Malaysia 1,8 11,9 1,976 1,46 11,11 11,4 Mexico 2,3 2,3 2,99 1,838 2,18 2,1 Morocco 1,74 1,74 1,64 1,398 1,92 1,646 Peru 1,9 1, Russia 8,8 8,8 9,4 9,286 9,968 7,78 Saudi Arabia 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,834 2,61 2,79 Syria 4,8 4,8 4,7 4,68 4,684 4,43 Taiwan 1,1 1, ,183 1,19 Tunisia ,367 1,139 Turkey 1,4 1,4 2, 1,34 1,13 34 Venezuela 1,3 1,3 1,6 1,2 7 6 Vietnam 12,991 12,991 14,68 14,37 13,74 13,7 112,26 113,11 113,49 1,69 126,798 11,734 2,79 2,934 3,191 2,242-1,69 1,37 Unaccounted 2,7 2,7 2,27 2,87 3,61 2,6 116,86 118,11 118,92 11,68 128, ,714 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.

16 World Coarse Grains Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 Nov Dec Production 31,79 31,79 27,731 19,134 27,118 27,94 Argentina 13,97 11,17 11,96 12,272 12,89 6,83 Australia 3,729 3,729 8,66 3,624 61,344 3,184 Brazil 22,6 21,96 22,477 27,184 27,841 23,14 174,2 174,2 164,6 172,41 18,863 19,119 8,92 8,92 8,46 9,34 8,32 7,928 Ethiopia 139,43 138,848 14,11 161,21 136, ,421 41,6 4,3 34,16 39, 4,63 33,81 India 8,4 8,4 7, 8,7 8, 7,8 Indonesia 32,29 32,29 27,272 32,22 3,77 29,181 Mexico 28,1 28,1 27,99 26,67 24, 26, Nigeria 17, 17,3 31,81 4,7 29,32 3, Russia 12,993 13,3 13,881 13,84 13,69 7,76 South Africa 1,49 1,49 11,9 1,41 9,48 1,896 Turkey 21,81 21,71 24,12 26,22 14,8 19,17 Ukraine 14,48 14,88 13,21 13, ,61 127,94 76,18 72,81 78, ,37 729,883 77, ,39 332,39 349,217 32, , ,998 1,88,7 1,8, 1,17,896 1,19,44 1,79, ,289 Domestic Consumption 11,34 11,234 1,414 8,763 9,67 9,694 Argentina 1,34 1,34,4 48,29 4,279 43,34 Brazil 22,642 22,2 22,24 22,868 24,23 24,2 17,3 17,3 167,3 16,1 16,783 13,496 13,68 13,68 13,6 12,162 11,477 11,8 Egypt 11,1 11,2 149,68 11,4 14,1 147,877 38,7 37,8 32,4 36, 3, 32,2 India 19,37 19,37 19,39 19,96 19,46 19,823 Japan 41,69 42,69 4,9 42,6 4,23 39,92 Mexico 28,1 28,1 27,7 26, 24, 2,7 Nigeria 2,1 2,4 3,69 32,9 28,77 28,4 Russia 9,62 9,62 9,2 9,3 9,4 8,66 Saudi Arabia 11,273 1,973 1,988 1,468 1,143 9,13 South Africa 1,9 1,9 1,8 1,6 1,6 11,61 Turkey 12,76 12,96 12,81 13,69 11,93 13,1 Ukraine 24,224 23,49 19,71 19,12 19,41 18,12 82, ,843 87,89 83,77 782,69 769,3 34,39 34,148 29,628 27, ,33 242,798 1,124,931 1,123,991 1,13,217 1,79,68 1,6,62 1,12,31 Ending Stocks 3,124 2,1 2,744 3,291 2,674 1,213 Australia 9,889 9,889 13,89 12,412 12,86 3,772 Brazil 3,813 3,83,6 6,3 4,1 3,1 6,944 6,944 4,419 4,144 4,44 38,2 12,166 1,739 2,218 2,694 12,768 1,138 3,321 3,671 1,937,239 4,74 3,26 Mexico 4,64,343,33 4,327 3,266 1,776 South Africa 39,267 38,679 41,713 4,36 38,48 37,72 137,169 13,646 1,1 146, ,77 14,18 24,77 24,8 48,127 47,6 4,9 36, ,876 16, , ,3 163,834 14,692

17 Regional Coarse Grains Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 Nov Dec TY Imports North America 1,93 17,88 1,172 1,262 1,89 14,9 Central America 2,96 2,681 2,491 2,7 2,77 2,77 Caribbean 2,227 2,239 2,11 2,1 2, 2, South America 1,181 1,672 9,991 11,49 1,73 1,73 European Union 8,738 19,892 2,996 3,4 4,96,6 Former Soviet Union , ,23 2,23 Middle East 18,73 21,884 21,37 21,414 19, 19,2 North Africa 11,671 1,763 1,97 12,74 11,73 11,83 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,2 2,84 3,69 3,119 2,1 2,1 East Asia 34,13 34,662 33,349 36,31 36,31 36,31 Southeast Asia 4,394 4,746,4 6,26,93,93 1, 1, Total 113,339 13,48 18,416 11,734 11, ,11 Production North America 332,324 48,279 38,33 398, , ,984 South America 92,197 1,741 84,61 97,896 97,323 96,973 European Union 137, , ,21 14,11 138, ,43 Other Europe 11,68 9,37 12,37 11,8 12,31 12,31 Former Soviet Union ,683 4,12 78,7 67,941 48,96 48,66 Middle East 19,86 17,68 1,9 18,7 19,677 19,677 North Africa 11,211 9,894 1,219 1,423 12,932 12,932 Sub-Saharan Africa 87,26 9,87 9,69 9,361 1,681 1,671 East Asia 161,42 161,3 174,79 16,93 176,14 176,14 South Asia 4,139 47,3 4,688 4,68 46,83 47,883 Southeast Asia 24,271 26,882 27,71 2,98 28,44 28,44 Oceania 7,23 13,42 12,919 11,743 12,164 14,4 3,979 4,4 4,291 4,12 4,32 4,32 Total 987,289 1,79,744 1,19,44 1,17,896 1,8, 1,88,7 Domestic Consumption North America 37,22 338,791 34,96 38, , ,376 South America 71,46 74,696 76,298 8,6 82,783 82,483 European Union 147,877 14,1 11,4 149,68 11,2 11,1 Other Europe 11,32 1,423 1,89 1,726 1,731 1,331 Former Soviet Union ,17,12 8,36 4,97 43,68 43,18 Middle East 37,684 38,289 37,92 37,887 39,23 39,48 North Africa 22,13 21,147 21,192 24,912 2,9 2,79 Sub-Saharan Africa 88,327 88,121 9,624 94,69 99,113 99,413 East Asia 188, , ,849 21,71 2,769 2,769 South Asia 38,847 42,18 42,672 38,938 44,213 4,113 Southeast Asia 27,142 29,476 3,281 3,94 32,49 32,49 Oceania 6,88 7,666 7,897 7,27 7,87 8,87 9,1 9,314 8,93 8,963 9,213 9,213 Total 1,7,627 1,6,33 1,76,96 1,99,8 1,12,883 1,121,16 Ending Stocks North America 43,21 3,89 8,649,714 32,81 31,841 South America 9,6 19,628 16,1 17,24 14,199 14,124 European Union 1,138 12,768 2,694 2,218 1,739 12,166 Other Europe 1,23 1,34 1,2 1,638 1,821 2,378 Former Soviet Union - 12,179 4,48 8,618 6,991 4,173 4,419 Middle East 8,41 7,686 7,66 8,463 7,92 7,92 North Africa 3,19 2,462 2,762,8 4,18 4,2 Sub-Saharan Africa,96 7,9 9,16 1,319 11, 1,37 East Asia 41,82 44,97 7,883 8,21 64,624 64,622 South Asia 1,69 1,749 2,16 1,86 2,136 1,991 Southeast Asia 2,778 3,47 4,447 3,463 3,463 3,463 Oceania 1,31 2,737 3,342 2,797 2,66 3, , Total 14, , ,3 198,232 16, ,876 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years.

18 World Corn Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 Nov Dec TY Exports Argentina 1,693 1,676 8,48 16,771 1, 1, Brazil 8,71 7,883 7,178 8,623 9, 8, ,743 1, 1, 1, India 82,77 2,1 1, 2, 2, Paraguay 1,981 1,461 1,862 1,388 1,3 1,3 Serbia ,467 1,343 2, 1,7 South Africa 431 1,124 2,111 1,86 2, 2, Thailand , 7 7 Ukraine 1,27 2,74,497,72,, 7,193 1,998 4,176 3,843 3,3 3,3 37,26 37,62 36,19 42,81 43,1 42, 4,214 6,663 47,78 49,887,, 91,474 98,26 83,93 92,697 93,1 92, TY Imports Algeria 2,463 2,166 1,93 2,6 2,3 2,4 Brazil 1, ,92 8 1, 1, 2,226 3,117 1,844 1,961 1,8 1,6 Chile 1,8 1, ,296 1, 1, Colombia 3,386 3,267 3,68 3,6 3,6 3,6 Cuba Dominican Republic 1,212 1, , 1, 1, Egypt 4,826 4,11,31,8,4,4 7,6 14,16 2,743 2,9 4, 4, Indonesia 1, , 8 8 Iran 3,3 2,9 3,6 4, 3, 3, Israel 1,311 1, , 1,3 1,3 Japan 16,713 16,614 16,33 1,979 16,1 16,1 Korea, South 8,731 9,311 7,188 8,461 9, 9, Malaysia 2,363 3,181 2,447 2,8 2,8 2,8 Mexico 8,944 9,6 7,764 8,298 9,1 8,1 Morocco 1,683 1,88 1,66 1,7 1,8 1,8 Peru 1,28 1,469 1,37 1, 1,6 1,6 Russia , 1, Saudi Arabia 1,77 1,961 1,482 1,7 1,8 1,8 Syria 1,729 1,661 1,784 2, 2, 2, Taiwan 4,283 4,27 4,32 4,6 4,7 4,7 Venezuela 34 1,13 1,336 2, 1,4 1,4 Vietnam 6 7 1,2 1,6 1,3 1,3 11,18 11,13 11,93 1,872 1,49 1,49 9,174 99,9 82,121 89,667 9,64 89,4 Unaccounted 981-1,831 1,49 2,793 2,2 2, ,474 98,26 83,93 92,697 93,1 92, TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. The large, negative Unaccounted in 7/8 arises largely from timing differences between declared exports and Japan's and Korea's declared imports.

19 World Corn Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 Nov Dec Production 2, 2, 22, 1, 22,17 22, Argentina 1, 1, 6,1 1, 8,6 1, Brazil 11,714 11, 9,61 1,92 11,649 8,99 168, 168, 18, 16,9 12,3 11,6 7, 7, 6,822 6,64 6,174 6,149 Egypt,193 4,843 7,147 62,321 47, 3,829 21, 2, 16,68 19,73 18,96 1,1 India 8,4 8,4 7, 8,7 8, 7,8 Indonesia 24, 24, 2,374 24,226 23,6 22,3 Mexico 8,7 8,7 8,79 7,97 6, 7,8 Nigeria 6,8 6,8 6,231 6,83 7,277 6,231 Philippines 6,8 6,8 6,4 6,13 4,4 6,41 Serbia 12, 12, 13,42 12,67 13,164 7,3 South Africa 12, 11, 1, 11,4 7,4 6,4 Ukraine,,,28 4,432 4,6 4,21 Vietnam 78,84 78,49 74,618 77,161 7,88 68,183 2,191,2 479,392 49, ,438 44, ,22 318,22 333,11 37, , ,3 82, ,24 812,43 797, ,61 713,41 Total Consumption 7,3 7, 6,9 6,4 7, 6,7 Argentina 48,3 48,3 47, 4, 42, 41, Brazil 12,8 12, 11,63 11,663 13,769 11, , 162, 19, 12, 149, 14, 12,6 12,6 12, 11,1 1,4 1,7 Egypt 8, 8, 6, 61,6 64, 62,3 18,3 17,8 1, 17, 14, 13,9 India 9, 9, 9, 8,9 8, 8,1 Indonesia 16,1 16,1 16, 16,7 16,6 16, Japan 9,1 9,1 8,412 7,894 8,638 8,833 Korea, South 31,1 32,1 3, 32,4 32, 3,7 Mexico 8,8 8,8 8,6 7,9 6, 7,6 Nigeria 6,9 6,9 6, 7,3 7,1 6, Philippines 1,7 1,4 1,4 9,9 9,6 8,6 South Africa 6,6 6,6 6,3,4, 4,9 Vietnam 124,898 12,23 119, ,767 11,3 11,83 46,34 4,76 3,67 22,2 1,73 497,32 291,66 291,66 281,891 29, ,632 23, ,91 837, , , , ,976 Ending Stocks 9,84 9,84 12,884 12,84 12,79 3,92 Brazil 1,772 1,78 1,78 1,87 1,47 1,337 6,114 6,114 3,314 3,169 39,394 36,62 4,823 3,82 4,63 6,83 4,362 7,382 2,81 2,99 1,381 3,9 4,131 3,84 Mexico 1,721 1,164 1, Serbia 4,483,163,18 4,113 3,9 1,661 South Africa 23,78 23,68 23,674 23,26 24,36 22,442 18,88 18,12 13,82 14,78 9,62 76,9 21,139 21,12 43,374 42,4 41,2 33, , , , , ,317 11,69

20 Regional Corn Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 Nov Dec TY Imports North America 11,489 13,174 9,94 1,496 11,1 1, Central America 2,96 2,678 2,491 2,7 2,77 2,77 South America 9,141 9,49 8,48 9,79 9,6 9,6 European Union 7,6 14,16 2,743 2,9 4, 4, Former Soviet Union ,18 1,18 Middle East 1,24 1,116 9,462 1,8 1,42 1,42 North Africa 1,136 9,94 9,74 11,3 1,72 1,82 Sub-Saharan Africa 1,921 1,969 2,94 2,237 1,48 1,48 East Asia 29,84 3,746 28,481 3,466 3,98 3,98 Southeast Asia 4,38 4,71,391 6,2,93,93 Caribbean 2,227 2,239 2,11 2,1 2, 2, Total 9,493 1,96 82,48 89,94 9,89 89,89 Production North America 298, , ,96 362,946 34,22 34,736 South America 83,33 9,887 7,69 88,164 86,3 8,9 European Union 3,829 47, 62,321 7,147 4,843,193 Other Europe 9,3 7,239 9,96 9,68 1,23 1,23 Former Soviet Union ,871 13,893 21,672 17,84 18,6 18,4 Middle East,663,22 6,248 6,229 6,44 6,44 North Africa 6,31 6,376 6,847 7,24 7,22 7,22 Sub-Saharan Africa 41,27 46,771 48,911 2,26 4,12 4,12 East Asia 13,43 14,9 167,66 19,4 169,69 169,69 South Asia 2,234 24,9 24,78 21,8 2,7 26,7 Central America 2,89 3,28 3,222 3,41 3,188 3,188 Southeast Asia 24, 26,69 27,48 2,673 28,2 28,2 1, 1,2 1,183 1,179 1,179 1,179 Total 713,41 793,61 797, ,43 818,24 82,713 Domestic Consumption North America 272,816 37,41 33,33 323, ,26 33,6 South America 63,147 66,412 67,4 7,2 72,6 72,3 European Union 62,3 64, 61,6 6, 8, 8, Other Europe 8,99 7,766 8,31 8,29 8,46 8,6 Former Soviet Union ,144 12,97 14,7 12,76 13,67 13,832 Middle East 14,64 1,8 1,8 16,32 17,1 17,1 North Africa 16, 1,7 16,12 18, 18,12 18,32 Sub-Saharan Africa 42, 43,4 48,298,177 2,146 2,446 East Asia 176,719 18,3 183,1 189,42 193,7 193,7 South Asia 19,29 19,31 22, 2,37 22,92 23,42 Southeast Asia 26,922 29,249 3,43 3,72 32,27 32,27 Central America,8,9,8,8,9,9 3,19 3,46 3,23 3,22 3,33 3,33 Total 724,32 772, ,696 89,2 83,29 834,84 Ending Stocks North America 37,3 46,843 47,92 46,13 2,729 2,492 South America 8,47 18, 14,728 16,22 12,967 12,892 European Union 7,382 4,362 6,83 4,63 3,82 4,823 Other Europe 1,16 1,26 1,184 1,36 1,24 2,81 Former Soviet Union ,727 1,136 1,82 1,293 1,33 1,76 Middle East 3,618 3,168 3,13 3,79 2,998 2,998 North Africa 1,99 1,62 2,221 2,32 2,47 2,4 Sub-Saharan Africa 4,39,918 7,397 9,186 9,777 9,97 East Asia 39,74 43,373 6,283 6,461 63,216 63,19 South Asia 1,2 1,276 1,437 1,222 1,392 1,47 Southeast Asia 2,776 3,47 4,446 3,462 3,462 3,462 Central America Total 11,69 131, , , , ,997 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years.

21 World Barley Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 Nov Dec TY Exports Algeria Argentina 4,3 4, 3,867 3,278 3,377 1,927 Australia 1, 1,4 1,23 1,618 2,947 1, Croatia Egypt 4,6 4,6 2, 2,374 3,888 4, India Kazakhstan Moldova 2 2 2,86 3,98 1,277 1,691 Russia Serbia Turkey 4, 4,,72,871 3,814 2,911 Ukraine ,87 1,97 17,341 18,4 17,693 14, ,7 16,17 17,492 18,198 18,94 14,641 TY Imports Brazil 2, 2, 2,341 1,1 1,91 1, Colombia ,4 1, 3 Iran Israel 1,3 1,3 1,411 1,346 1,361 1,39 Japan Jordan Kuwait Libya Morocco Russia 7, 7, 7,7 7,8 8, 6, Saudi Arabia , 9 3 Syria Tunisia 1,22 1,22 1,12 1,463 2,27 1,433 1,2 1,2 17,114 17,369 17,16 14, Unaccounted ,7 16,17 17,492 18,198 18,94 14,641 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.

22 World Barley Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 Nov Dec Production 1, 1, 2, Algeria 1,87 1,87 1,36 2,11 1,6 1,33 Argentina 9,8 7,9 7,99 7,997 7,16 4,27 Australia 1,4 1,4 1,6 2, 1,7 1,3 Belarus 7,6 8,2 9,17 11,781 1,984 9,73 2,4 2,4 2, 2,823 2,78 3,11 1,4 1,4 1,69 1,484 1,3 1,32 Ethiopia 3,298 3,438 61,98 6,9 7,4 6,22 1,3 1,3 1,69 1, 1,33 1,22 India 3,1 3,1 2,6 2, 3, 2,96 Iran 2,6 2,6 3,8 1, ,3 Morocco 8,3 8, 17,9 23,1 1,6 18,1 Russia 1,67 1, Syria,9,9 6,,7 6, 7, Turkey 8,7 9, 11,8 12,6 6, 11,3 Ukraine 9,69 9,64 1,71 9,12 1,777 1,21 12, , ,736 1,18 128, ,473 3,92 3,92 4,949,23 4,7 3, , , ,68 1, ,99 136,396 Total Consumption 1,4 1,4 1,3 1,1 1,1 9 Algeria, 4,4 4, 4, 3,1 4, Australia 1, 1, 1,7 2, 1,7 1,6 Belarus 7,8 8, 8,4 9,6 7,916 1,19 4,6 4,6 4, 4, 3,9 4, 9, 9, 6, 7, 4,,7 3,4 3,4 3,4 3,9 3,6 3,4 Iran 1, 1, 1,6 1, 1,6 1,6 Japan 1,42 1,42 1,9 1,6 1,7 1,3 Kazakhstan 3, 3, 2,8 1,7 1,8 2, Morocco 9,8 1, 16,8 17,1 1, 16,4 Russia 7,2 7,2 7,2 7,42 7,43 6,81 Saudi Arabia 1,4 1,4 1, 1,8 1, 1,1 Syria,8,8,9,7 6,1 7,3 Turkey,,,7,9, 6,3 Ukraine 1,38 1,63 1,77 14,44 14,73 14,79 134, , ,8 139,3 129, ,638 4,73 4,682 4,64,127 4,324 4,96 139, ,71 143, , ,42 143,234 Ending Stocks 1,284 1,284 1, Algeria 2,299 1,77 1,899 2,42 1, Australia 1,438 1,483 2,83 2,843 1,68 1,491 4,711 4,366 1,363 1,916,7, , Morocco 2,3 2,3 2,78 2,23 2,428 2,48 Saudi Arabia Syria 6,43 6,42 8,962 9,88 6,46 7,243 2,14 19,32 34,41 29,33 18,624 19,692 1,867 1,867 2,1 1,932 1,48 1, 22,12 21,187 36,966 3,96 2,19 21,192

23 Regional Barley Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 Nov Dec TY Imports North America South America European Union Other Europe Former Soviet Union Middle East 8,278 11,8 11,791 1, 9, 9, North Africa 1,21 1, , Sub-Saharan Africa East Asia 2,9 2, 3, 3,82 3,4 3,4 South Asia Oceania Total 14,46 18,228 17,941 17,416 1,82 1,72 Production North America 14,36 16,212 17,822 14,966 12,96 12,311 South America 2,32 2,726 3,14 2,444 2,98 2,98 European Union 6,22 7,4 6,9 61,98 3,438 3,298 Other Europe 1,48 1,412 1,613 1,44 1,4 1,4 Former Soviet Union ,911 27,177 41,32 3,66 21,681 21,16 Middle East 12,479 1,926 8,443 1,48 11,9 11,9 North Africa 3,83 2,493 2,347 7,314 4,64 4,64 Sub-Saharan Africa 1,738 1,733 1,826 1,9 1,78 1,77 East Asia 3,49 3,24 3,3 2,939 2,84 2,84 South Asia 1,742 1,93 1,67 2,297 1,832 1,832 Oceania 4,67 7,6 8,397 8,39 8,3 1, Total 136, ,99 1, ,68 123, ,342 Domestic Consumption North America 1,661 13,4 1,42 13,88 13,432 13,123 South America 2,347 2,627 2,788 3,38 2,86 2,86 European Union,7 4, 7, 6, 9, 9, Other Europe 1,738 1,64 1,7 1,61 1,49 1,49 Former Soviet Union ,82 24,87 28,489 27,747 2,1 19,476 Middle East 21,439 2,841 2,89 2,14 2,49 2,49 North Africa 4,92 4,32 3,987,67 6,3 6,3 Sub-Saharan Africa 1,79 1,789 1,9 2,4 1,86 1,86 East Asia 6,211,84 6,19 6,4 6,3 6,3 South Asia 1,742 1,6 1,437 2,87 1,812 1,812 Oceania 4,4 3, 4,4 4,9 4,8,4 Total 142,8 134, ,87 144,6 139,14 138,861 Ending Stocks North America 3,28 3,281,112,23 3,68 3,23 South America European Union,824,7 1,916 1,363 4,366 4,711 Other Europe Former Soviet Union ,686 2,491,42 4,123 2,13 2,13 Middle East 4,88 4,41 4,46 4,824 4,829 4,829 North Africa 1, ,166 2,426 2,426 Sub-Saharan Africa East Asia , , South Asia Oceania 1,46 1,698 2,461 1,93 1,811 2,33 Total 21,192 2,19 3,96 36,966 21,187 22,12 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years.

24 World Sorghum Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 Nov Dec TY Exports Argentina 99 1, ,7 1,3 1,3 Australia , Brazil India Nigeria South Africa ,44 2,17 2,496 2,138 2,36 2,36 4,38 6,664 3,98 4,84 4, 4,,784 8,839 6,94 6,222 6,36 6,36 TY Imports Chile Colombia Ethiopia ,474, Israel Japan 1,276 1,84 1,629 1,649 1,6 1,6 Mexico 1,94 1,16 2,496 2,28 2,7 2,6 Niger Sudan Taiwan ,669 9,9,687 6,13 6,16 6,19 Unaccounted ,784 8,839 6,94 6,222 6,36 6,36 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.

25 World Sorghum Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 Nov Dec Production 3,8 3,8 3,629 1,66 2,937 2,79 Argentina 1,9 1,9 1,6 2,69 3,79 1,283 Australia 2, 2, 1,82 1,91 2, 1, Brazil 1,6 1,6 1,22 1,87 1,7 1,16 Burkina 1,7 1,7 1,6 1,837 1,92 2, Egypt 2,6 2,6 2,84 2,619 2,69 2,316 Ethiopia , 7, 6,98 7,2 7,93 7,1 India Mali 7,1 7,1 6,2 7,67 6,,81 Mexico , Niger 11,7 11,7 11, 11, 1, 1, Nigeria 4, 4, 2,63 4,192 4,, Sudan Tanzania 6,632 6,632 6,171 6,36 6,21 6,398 4,974 4,977 49,78 2,717 3,89,13 8,76 8,76 9,728 11,998 12,636 7,32 63, 63,3 9,13 64,71 66,44 7,4 Total Consumption 2,4 2,4 2, 1,1 1, 1,7 Argentina 1,2 1,2 1, 1,8 2,2 1,2 Australia 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,8 1,37 Brazil 1,6 1,6 1,22 1,87 1,7 1,16 Burkina 1,7 1,7 1,9 2, 2, 2, Egypt 2,6 2,6 2,4 2,7 2,6 2,3 Ethiopia 1, ,3 1,28 7, 7, 6,9 7, 7,9 7,1 India 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,1 1,3 Japan Mali 9,6 9,6 9,7 8,6 7, 8,1 Mexico , 1, 82 Niger 11,6 11,6 11,4 1,9 9,9 1,4 Nigeria 4, 4, 3,4 4,,, Sudan 8,466 8,441 8,93 8,7 8,17 7,878 8,74 8,64,91 6,162 9,794 4,423 4,73 4,73,849 8,319,81 4,12 63,313 63,213 61,764 64,481 64,87 8,43 Ending Stocks Argentina Australia Brazil , Mexico Nigeria Sudan 1,21 1, ,21 1,131 1,38 3,368 3,412 3,7 4,979 4,79 3, ,48 1,39 1, ,3 4,399 4,118 6,369 6,13 4,6

26 Regional Sorghum Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 Nov Dec TY Imports North America 1,96 1,17 2,499 2,28 2,7 2,6 South America European Union 1,474, Other Europe Middle East North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa East Asia 1,349 1,196 1,719 1,812 1,7 1,7 Southeast Asia Total,671 9,6,69 6,13 6,16 6,19 Production North America 12,842 18,836 19,6 1,978 1,676 1,676 Central America Caribbean South America,117,661 4,62 6,124 6,732 6,732 European Union Middle East North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa 26,88 2,28 26,3 24,37 27,93 27,93 East Asia 2,191 1,94 1,87 1,67 1,72 1,72 South Asia 7,3 8,81 7,39 7,12 7,64 7,64 Southeast Asia Oceania 1,283 3,79 2,69 1,6 1,9 1,9 Total 7,4 66,44 64,71 9,13 63,3 63, Domestic Consumption North America 12,112 12,281 16,919 1,49 14,173 14,173 Central America Caribbean South America 4,19 4,218 4,791,87,967,967 European Union 1,28 6, , Middle East North Africa , Sub-Saharan Africa 26,6 2,96 26,941 2,614 27,421 27,421 East Asia 3,47 3,222 3,699 3,6 3,4 3,4 South Asia 7,28 8,3 7,349 7,4 7,64 7,64 Southeast Asia Oceania 1,2 2,2 1,8 1, 1,2 1, Total 7,811 64,824 64,69 61,329 62,999 63,124 Ending Stocks North America 1,31 1,713 2,726 1,462 1,473 1,1 Central America South America 444 1, European Union Middle East North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa 1,681 1,443 1, ,31 1,23 East Asia 1, South Asia Oceania Total 4,6 6,13 6,369 4,118 4,399 4,3 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years.

27 World Oats Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 Nov Dec TY Exports Argentina 2 1 Australia Brazil ,921 2,321 1,792 1,39 1,3 1,3 Chile Russia ,146 2,69 2,19 2,3 1,79 1, ,179 2,743 2,147 2,73 1,84 1,84 TY Imports Argentina Bosnia and Herzegovina Colombia Ecuador Japan Mexico Morocco Norway South Africa Switzerland Turkey Uruguay Unaccounted ,794 2,244 1,787 1,611 1,4 1,4 2,179 2,743 2,147 2,73 1,84 1,84 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.

28 World Oats Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 Nov Dec Production Algeria Argentina 1,7 1,26 1,18 1,16 1,2 748 Australia Belarus Brazil 2,298 2,3 2,96 4,273 4,696 3, Chile ,98 7,624 8, 8,93 8,634 7, Kazakhstan Mexico Norway 3, 3,,4,8,4 4,9 Russia Turkey Ukraine ,329 18,967 22,347 24,1 24,36 21,486 1,178 1,178 1,31 1,294 1,313 1,37 2,7 2,14 23,698 2,79 2,673 22,843 Total Consumption Algeria Argentina 1, 1,1 97 1,3 1,33 71 Australia Belarus Brazil 1,67 1,67 1,73 1,766 1,93 2, Chile ,7 7,8 8,1 8, 8,6 7, Kazakhstan Mexico Norway 3,7 3,7,6,,3 4,9 Russia Turkey Ukraine ,188 18,988 21,137 21,368 21,96 19,962 2,989 2,989 3,11 2,968 3,161 3,179 22,177 21,977 24,148 24,336 2,126 23,141 Ending Stocks Australia Belarus 8 1 1,17 1, , Russia Ukraine ,79 1,921 3,273 3,668 2,461 2, ,166 1, ,769 2,611 4,439 4,889 3,43 2,883

29 Regional Oats Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 Nov Dec TY Imports North America 1,873 2,392 1,883 1,732 1,1 1,1 South America European Union 2 4 Other Europe Former Soviet Union Middle East North Africa 14 6 Sub-Saharan Africa East Asia Oceania 3 2 Total 2,144 2,67 2,11 2, 1,76 1,76 Production North America,361 6,133,71 4,4 3,626 3,624 South America 1,33 1,34 1,133 1,79 1,226 1,226 European Union 7,768 8,634 8,93 8, 7,624 7,98 Other Europe Former Soviet Union ,296 6,71 7,1 7,9 4,96 4,86 Middle East North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa East Asia Oceania 823 1,77 1,23 1,2 1,33 1,82 Total 22,843 2,673 2,79 23,698 2,14 2,7 Domestic Consumption North America,74,331 4,944,14 4,99 4,99 South America 1,33 1,326 1,121 1,91 1,216 1,216 European Union 7,647 8,6 8, 8,1 7,8 7,7 Other Europe Former Soviet Union ,266 6,8 7,19 7,28,16,6 Middle East North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa East Asia Oceania 78 1,41 1,11 1, 1,17 1,62 Total 23,223 24,88 24,317 24,122 21,872 22,72 Ending Stocks North America 1,298 1,927 2,7 2,341 1,28 1,26 South America European Union , Other Europe Former Soviet Union Middle East North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa East Asia Oceania Total 2,883 3,43 4,889 4,439 2,611 2,769 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years.

30 World Rye Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 Nov Dec TY Exports Belarus Ukraine TY Imports Croatia Israel Japan Korea, South Norway Russia Switzerland Turkey Unaccounted TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.

31 World Rye Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 Nov Dec Production 1, 1, 1,7 1, 1,3 1, Belarus ,747 7,733 9,388 9,262 7,679 6,41 Kazakhstan 2, 2,1 4,3 4, 3,9 3, Russia Turkey 9 1, 6 Ukraine ,1 12,22 17,12 17,131 14,213 12, ,344 12,414 17,298 17,334 14,373 12,42 Total Consumption Argentina 1,1 1,1 1,6 1,4 1, 1, Belarus ,7 8,7 8,9 8,7 7,3 7, Japan 2 47 Kazakhstan Norway 2,4 2, 4,32 4,4 3,7 2,9 Russia Turkey Ukraine ,88 13,98 16,477 16,191 13,673 13, ,16 14,26 16,7 16,483 14,8 13,924 Ending Stocks Belarus ,769 1,42 1, Japan Russia Turkey Ukraine ,214 1,236 2,976 2,439 1,91 1, ,238 1,26 3, 2,42 1,61 1,236

32 Regional Rye Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/1 Nov Dec TY Imports North America South America European Union Other Europe Former Soviet Union Middle East Sub-Saharan Africa East Asia Oceania Total Production North America South America European Union 6,41 7,679 9,262 9,388 7,733 7,747 Other Europe Former Soviet Union ,8,8 7,1 7, 3,8 3,7 Middle East Sub-Saharan Africa East Asia Oceania Total 12,42 14,373 17,334 17,298 12,414 12,344 Domestic Consumption North America South America European Union 7,4 7,3 8,7 8,9 8,7 8,7 Other Europe Former Soviet Union - 12,,47 6,62 6,72 4,4 4,3 Middle East Sub-Saharan Africa East Asia Oceania Total 13,79 13,949 16,42 16,671 14,126 14,26 Ending Stocks North America South America European Union 616 1,13 1,42 1, Other Europe Former Soviet Union , Middle East Sub-Saharan Africa East Asia Oceania Total 1,236 1,61 2,42 3, 1,26 1,238 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years.

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