ECONOMIC AND TRADE INDICATORS FOR ASIA, 1960 TO 2004

Transcription

1 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized ECONOMIC AND TRADE INDICATORS FOR ASIA, 1960 TO 2004 Damiano Sandri, Ernesto Valenzuela and Kym Anderson Johns Hopkins University and University of Adelaide December 2007 Agricultural Distortions Working Paper 20, December 2007 This is a product of a research project on Distortions to Agricultural Incentives, under the leadership of Kym Anderson of the World Bank s Development Research Group. The authors are grateful for funding from World Bank Trust Funds provided by the governments of Ireland, Japan, the Netherlands (BNPP) and the United Kingdom (DfID). This Working Paper series is designed to promptly disseminate the findings of work in progress for comment before they are finalized. The views expressed are the authors alone and not necessarily those of the World Bank and its Executive Directors, nor the countries they represent, nor of the institutions providing funds for this research project.

2 ECONOMIC AND TRADE INDICATORS FOR ASIA, 1960 TO 2004 Damiano Sandri, Ernesto Valenzuela and Kym Anderson This compilation of data from the World Development Indicators, FAOSTAT, and GTAP 6.0 databases provides comparative basic economic and trade indicators for Asia region. Within the region countries are sub-divided into sub-regions, and for each region and sub-region the case study countries are shown separately together with an aggregate of that sub-region s non-studied countries. Due to the limited data availability, all the not studied countries in Asia have been excluded (whose relative GDP and population with respect to the Asian studied group are however very small). The tables begin with summary data for the period , and growth data for Then each one-page table shows annual data for the 45-year period from 1960 to Apart from the series on black market premium (compiled by Easterly), on labor force, agricultural employment, agricultural land and the section on production, supply and export of agricultural commodities taken from the FAO, and those marked with * in the table of contents computed from the GTAP6.1 database (or version 6.2 when specified), all the other data have been retrieved from the World Bank s World Development Indicators (April 2006). Definitions of the various variables can be found in the WDI section of the World Bank s website. Data on labor force, agricultural employment, agricultural land and production of agricultural commodities for Taiwan are taken from the Council of Economic Planning and Development, Republic of China. Time series of applied ad valorem tariff (AHS) data from 1988 to 2005 are collected from UNCTAD-TRAINS using the WITS system 1. These tariffs correspond to trade weighted 1 In the absence of a corresponding trade flow for a given tariff, WITS seeks for a matching trade flow in COMTRADE, either by direct or inverted trade (collecting exports to region x). These are exclusively ad valorem tariffs and thus do not include ad valorem equivalent of specific tariffs.

3 HS6 digits compiled at GTAP sectoral level for primary agriculture and processed food, and aggregates for primary agriculture, processed food, and primary non agriculture. Effectively applied tariffs for the year 2001 reported in the last table of the basic trade indicators come instead from the GTAP6.1 database. They are obtained through a joint CEPII / ITC project, known as MAcMAps, which calculates HS6 bilateral tariff including ad valorem tariff equivalent of specific and compound tariffs and key non-tariff barriers such as tariff rate quotas (TRQs). Five-year averages for the period are computed by averaging all the available annual data within the period. However, average percentages and ratios for single countries between two variables are computed by considering only those years for which observations are available for both series. Growth rates are calculated consistently with WDI statistical procedures, i.e. by fitting a linear regression trend to the logarithmic annual values whenever at least half of the observations in the period are available. The revealed comparative Advantage (RCA) indexes are computed as the product group s share of a region s exports as a percentage of that product group s share of global merchandise exports. The service sector is derived as a residual, from GDP less agriculture and industry. The available tables and indicators are: Description of aggregate sectors, as referred to in the GTAP database Sources List of countries and regional aggregates National as % of world, (A) Population Labor force Agricultural workers GDP Agricultural GDP Land Agricultural land Total exports of goods and services Agricultural and food exports

4 Agricultural and food imports National as % of world, (B) GDP per capita Land per capita Land per worker Agricultural land per capita Agricultural land per agricultural worker RCA agriculture and food Growth rates, % per year, Population Labor force Agricultural workers GDP GDP per capita Agricultural GDP Industrial GDP Services GDP Total exports of goods and services Agricultural and food exports Agricultural and food imports Basic economic indicators, five-year averages Population Labor force Agricultural workers Agricultural workers (% labor force) GDP GDP per capita Governance indicators Poverty (% population) Land Agricultural land Arable land Land per capita Land per worker Arable land per worker Agricultural land per capita Agricultural land per agricultural worker Agriculture (% GDP) Industry (% GDP) Services (% GDP) Agricultural GDP (% world) Official exchange rate (LCU per US$)

5 Black market premium (%) Basic trade indicators, five-year averages Total exports of goods and services Total imports of goods and services Primary agriculture exports (% prim. agriculture and proc. food exports)* Agriculture and food exports (% merchandise exports) Other primary goods exports (% merchandise exports) Other manufactures exports (% merchandise exports) Services exports (% total exports of goods and services) Primary agriculture imports (% prim. agriculture and proc. food imports)* Agriculture and food imports (% merchandise imports) Other primary goods imports (% merchandise imports) Other manufactures imports (% merchandise imports) Services imports (% total imports of goods and services) Total exports of goods and services (% GDP) Total imports of goods and services (% GDP) (X-M)/(X+M): primary agriculture* (X-M)/(X+M): processed food* (X-M)/(X+M): agriculture and food (X-M)/(X+M): other primary goods (X-M)/(X+M): other manufactures (X-M)/(X+M): services RCA: agriculture and food RCA: other primary goods RCA: other manufactures Share of world exports (%): agriculture and food Share of world exports (%): other primary goods Share of world exports (%): other manufactures Share of world exports (%): services Share of world exports (%): total exports of goods and services Trade weighted applied tariff, 2001* Agricultural commodities: shares of national and global, production, consumption and export Domestic production in 2001 (% world, MT), A & B Domestic apparent consumption in 2001 (% world, MT), A & B Export in 2001 (% world, MT), A & B Shares of domestic production in 2001 (% domestic prod. value), A & B Shares of apparent consumption in 2001 (% domestic app. cons. value), A & B Trade weighted applied ad valorem tariff (UNCTAD-TRAINS) Bangladesh China India

6 Indonesia Korea Rep. Malaysia Pakistan Philippines Sri Lanka Taiwan (China) Thailand Vietnam

7 Description of aggregate sectors, as referred to in the GTAP database Primary Agriculture GTAP sector description pdr Paddy rice wht Wheat gro Cereal grains nec v_f Vegetables, fruit, nuts osd Oil seeds c_b Sugar cane, sugar beet pfb Plant-based fibers ocr Crops nec ctl Cattle,sheep,goats,horses oap Animal products nec rmk Raw milk wol Wool, silk-worm cocoons Other Primary GTAP sector description frs Forestry fsh Fishing coa Coal oil Oil gas Gas omn Minerals nec Processed Food GTAP sector description cmt Meat: cattle,sheep,goats,horse omt Meat products nec vol Vegetable oils and fats mil Dairy products pcr Processed rice sgr Sugar ofd Food products nec b_t Beverages and tobacco products Other Manufacturing GTAP sector description tex Textiles wap Wearing apparel lea Leather products lum Wood products ppp Paper products, publishing p_c Petroleum, coal products crp Chemical,rubber,plastic prods nmm Mineral products nec i_s Ferrous metals nfm Metals nec fmp Metal products mvh Motor vehicles and parts otn Transport equipment nec ele Electronic equipment ome Machinery and equipment nec omf Manufactures nec

8 Sources: Dimaranan, B.V. (ed.) (2006), Global Trade, Assistance, and Production: The GTAP 6.0 Database, West Lafayette: Center for Global Trade Analysis, Purdue University (chapters downloadable at Easterly, William. Compilation of Black Market premium. Available at: wth%20database.htm FAOSTAT, 2005, 2006, Food and Agriculture Organization Statistics Databases. Available at: Accessed: June WDI (World Development Indicators), April 2006, World Bank Database. Available at: Accessed: June WITS (World Integrated Trade Solution), World Bank in collaboration with UNCTAD. Available at: Accessed: July 2006.

9 Asia Countries and regional aggregates Studied countries Additional groups Asean 5 NIE 4 China Bangladesh Indonesia Hong Kong Indonesia India Malaysia Korea, Rep. Korea, Rep. Pakistan Philippines Singapore Malaysia Sri Lanka Singapore Taiwan Philippines Thailand Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Countries and regional aggregates used for the indicators computed from GTAP database Asean 5 NIE 4 Studied countries: Studied countries: Indonesia Hong Kong China Bangladesh Malaysia Korea, Rep. Indonesia India Philippines Singapore Korea, Rep. Pakistan (tariff data only) Singapore Taiwan Malaysia Sri Lanka Thailand Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Other countries: Hong Kong, Singapore, rest of (Macau, Other countries: rest of (Afghanistan, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal) Mongolia, Korea Dem. Rep.), rest of Southeast Asia ( Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Timor Leste)

10 National as % world, (A) Population Labor force Agricultural workers GDP Agricultural GDP Land Agricultural land Total exports of goods and services Agricultural and food exports Agricultural and food imports China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE

11 National as % world, (B) GDP per capita Land per capita Land per worker Agricultural land per capita Agricultural land per agricultural worker RCA: agriculture and food China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE

12 Growth rates, % per year, Population Labor force Agricultural workers GDP (constant 2000 US$) GDP per capita (constant 2000 US$) Agricultural GDP (constant 2000 US$) Industrial GDP (constant 2000 US$) Services GDP (constant 2000 US$) Total exports of goods and services (constant 2000 US$) Agricultural and food exports (constant 2000 US$) Agricultural and food imports (constant 2000 US$) China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE

13 Population (millions) China Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE Labor force (millions) China Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE

14 Agricultural workers (millions) China Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE Agricultural workers (% labor force) China Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE

15 GDP ($ billions) China Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE GDP per capita ($) China Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE

16 Governance Indicators Voice and Government Control of Political Stability Regulatory Quality Rule of Law Accountability Effectiveness Corruption China Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE

17 Poverty (% population) People living with less than 1$ per day (% tot People living with less than 2$ per day (% tot population) population) China Indonesia Korea 2 2 Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean 5 NIE 4

18 Total land (Ha millions) China Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE Agricultural land (Ha millions) China Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE

19 Arable land (Ha millions) China Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE Land per capita (Ha) China Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE

20 Land per worker (Ha) China Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE Arable land per worker (Ha) China Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE

21 Agricultural land per capita (Ha) China Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE Agricultural land per agricultural worker (Ha) China Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE

22 Agriculture (% GDP) China Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE Industry (% GDP) China Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE

23 Services (% GDP) China Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE Agricultural GDP (% world) China Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE

24 Official exchange rate (LCU per US$) China Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Black market premium (%) China Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippines Taiwan 1.0 Thailand Vietnam Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka

25 Total exports of goods and services ($ billions) China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE Total imports of goods and services ($ billions) China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE

26 Primary agriculture exports (% primary agriculture and processed food exports)* China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries All Bangladesh India Sri Lanka All Asean NIE All Asia Agricultural and food exports (% merchandise exports) China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries 9 7 Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries 10 7 Asean NIE

27 Other primary goods exports (% merchandise exports) China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries 7 7 Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries 6 7 Asean NIE Other manufactures exports (% merchandise exports) China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE

28 Services exports (% total exports of goods and services) China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE Primary agriculture imports (% primary agriculture and processed food imports)* China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries All Bangladesh India Sri Lanka All Asean NIE All Asia

29 Agricultural and food imports (% merchandise imports) China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam 8 9 Studied countries 10 8 Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries 10 8 Asean NIE Other primary goods imports (% merchandise imports) China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE

30 Other manufactures imports (% merchandise imports) China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE Services imports (% total imports of goods and services) China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE

31 Total exports of goods and services (% GDP) China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE Total imports of goods and services (% GDP) China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE

32 (X-M)/(X+M): primary agriculture* China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries All Bangladesh India Sri Lanka All Asean NIE All Asia (X-M)/(X+M): processed food* China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries All Bangladesh India Sri Lanka All Asean NIE All Asia

33 (X-M)/(X+M): agriculture and food China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE (X-M)/(X+M): other primary goods China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE

34 (X-M)/(X+M): other manufactures China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE (X-M)/(X+M): services China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE

35 RCA: agriculture and food China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE RCA: other primary goods China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE

36 RCA: other manufactures China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE Share of world exports (%): agriculture and food China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE

37 Share of world exports (%): other primary goods China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE Share of world exports (%): other manufactures China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE

38 Share of world exports (%): services China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE Share of world exports (%): goods and services China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asean NIE

39 Trade weighted applied tariff, 2001* Non - Primary Agriculture Primary Agriculture Processed Food Other Primary Other Manufacturing Total China Indonesia Korea, Rep Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries All Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka All Asean NIE All Asia

40 Domestic production in 2001 (% world) - A Rice (paddy equiv.) Wheat Maize Barley Other coarse grains Sugar, raw equiv. Cotton seed Soya beans Palm oil Other Oilseeds Cassava Bananas China Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asia All Domestic production in 2001 (% world) - B Coffee Cocoa Beans Coconuts - Incl Copra Tea Groundnuts (shelled equiv.) Tobacco Milk, whole Bovine Meat Mutton & goat meat Pigmeat Poultry meat Wool (clean equiv.) China Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippines Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Studied countries Bangladesh India Pakistan Sri Lanka Studied countries All studied countries Asia All