Table of Content MEGAPOLIS TRANSPORT MASTER PLAN FINAL REPORT 2016

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2 Table f Cntent TABLE OF CONTENT... 1 LIST OF FIGURES... 3 LIST OF TABLES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION VISION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT STRATEGY TRANSPORT ISSUES IN COLOMBO METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSPORT SUB-COMMITTEE OF MEGAPOLIS PROJECT PROPOSED SUB SECTORS FOR INTERVENTION I. Public Transprt Imprvement II. Rad Infrastructure Develpment III. Transprt Demand Management (TDM) IV. Envirnmental Sustainable Transprt DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS PUBLIC TRANSPORT IMPROVEMENT Restructure and Revisin f Public Bus Service Mdernize and Imprving the Quality f Buses and Services Railway Electrificatin & Mdernizatin Intrducing a Rapid Transit System (RTS) Intrducing New Inland Water Transprt System Develp Multimdal Transprt Hub and Centres Regulate and Imprvement f Schl Bus Services and Office Van Services Regulate and Imprve Taxi Services Imprvement f Facilities at Suburban Interchange Bus Terminals and Stands Establishment f Transprt Infrmatin Analysis and Disseminatin Centre ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT Capacity Imprvement f Existing Rads Imprve the Capacity f Existing Expressway Netwrk / Imprve the Expressway Netwrk Cnstructin f New Expressways Plicy n use f Rad/Rail Right f Way / Plicy f use f Rad Right f Way TRANSPORT DEMAND MANAGEMENT

3 7.3.1 Flexible & Staggering Wrk Hurs Parking Management Intersectin Cntrl Traffic Flw Management and Capacity Increase Rad Pricing /Rad pricing f entry rads t CBD Traffic Enfrcement Thrugh CCTV Mnitring ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT Imprvements t Nn Mtrized Transprt (NMT) Reductin f vehicle emissin Minimizing Fuel Usage Supply f Cmpressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Establish Electric Charging Facilities fr Buses and Other Vehicles IMPLEMENTATION PLAN PROJECTS TO BE COMMENCED IMMEDIATELY (WITHIN 6 MONTHS) PROJECTS TO BE COMMENCED IN SHORT TERM (6 MONTHS 3 YEARS) PROJECTS TO BE COMMENCED IN MEDIUM TERM (3 5 YEARS) PROJECTS TO BE COMMENCED LONG TERM (MORE THAN 5 YEARS) ASSESSMENT OF TRANSPORT MASTER PLAN TRANSPORT DEMAND MODELLING AND ANALYSIS Mdel Outputs fr Prject Case (Case A) fr Year Mdel Outputs fr Prject Case (Case B) fr Year Mdel Outputs fr Prject Case (Case D) fr Year ECONOMIC ANALYSIS APPENDICES

4 List f Figures Figure 1: Western Prvince f Sri Lanka Figure 2: Prpsed Mega City Structure Plan Figure 3: Planning Areas and Key Prject Plan Figure 4: Ppulatin Frecast fr 2020 by TAZ Figure 5: Ppulatin Frecast fr 2025 by TAZ Figure 6: Ppulatin Frecast fr 2035 by TAZ Figure 7: Emplyment Frecast fr 2035 by TAZ Figure 8: Ppulatin Density in 2035 by TAZ Figure 9: Emplyment Density in 2035 by TAZ Figure 10: Difference f 2035 ppulatin between the Megaplis Plan and CmTrans Plan by TAZ Figure 11: Transprt Crridrs in Western Regin Figure 12: Bus Origin Destinatin Patterns in Galle Rad Figure 13: Desire Lines fr 2035 Trips between TAZ Figure 14: Mdern Technlgies and its Capacities Figure 15: Prpsed Railway Lines fr Railway Electrificatin and Mdernizatin Figure 16: Prpsed RTS netwrk in CBD area Figure 17: Prpsed RTS netwrk in CBD & suburbs Figure 18: Prpsed Inland Water Transprt System Figure 19: Prpsed Public Transprt Interventins in Western Regin Figure 20: Prpsed Public Transprt Interventins in Cre Area Figure 21: Prpsed Rad Imprvements in Western Regin Figure 22: Prpsed Rad Imprvements in Cre Area Figure 23: Prpsed Interventins in Western Regin Figure 24: Land Availability within Western Regin Figure 25: Land Availability within CMC Regin Figure 26: Public Transprt Passenger Demand by Mde fr Year Figure 27: Public Transprt Passenger Demand by Mde fr Year Figure 28: Public Transprt Passenger Demand by Mde fr Year Figure 29: Ttal Passenger Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case A) fr Year Figure 30: Ttal Passenger Vlumes within CMC fr Prject Case (Case A) fr Year Figure 31: Ttal Railway Passenger Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case A) fr Year Figure 32: Ttal RTS Passenger Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case A) fr Year Figure 33: Ttal Inland Water Transprt Passenger Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case A) fr Year Figure 34: Ttal Private Vehicle Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case A) fr Year Figure 35: Ttal Passenger Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case B) fr Year Figure 36: Ttal Passenger Vlumes within CMC fr Prject Case (Case B) fr Year Figure 37: Ttal Railway Passenger Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case B) fr Year Figure 38: Ttal RTS Passenger Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case B) fr Year

5 Figure 39: Ttal Inland Water Transprt Passenger Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case B) fr Year Figure 40: Ttal Private Vehicle Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case B) fr Year Figure 41: Ttal Passenger Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case D) fr Year Figure 42: Ttal Passenger Vlumes within CMC fr Prject Case (Case BD) fr Year Figure 43: Ttal Railway Passenger Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case D) fr Year Figure 44: Ttal RTS Passenger Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case D) fr Year Figure 45: Ttal Inland Water Transprt Passenger Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case D) fr Year Figure 46: Ttal Private Vehicle Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case D) fr Year

6 List f Tables Table 1: Planning areas and Ppulatin Grwth Table 2: Daily Passenger Flws at the CMC Bundary Bth Directins Table 3: Financial Cst f Prjects by Sectr by Prject Cmmencement Perid Table 4: Prject Scenaris fr Transprt Demand Analysis Table 5: Aggregate Outputs f Demand Mdel fr Prject scenaris Table 6: Operatinal Cst Estimates (Rs/hr, Rs/km) Table 7: Cst f Accidents (Rs) Table 8: Cst f Air Emissins (Rs/km) Table 9: Summary f Cst Savings fr DNS and Prject Cases Table 10: Capital Cst f Prjects by Time Perid Table 11: Benefit Cst Analysis - NPV, EIRR and BC Rati Table 12: Demand Mdel Outputs fr All Scenaris

7 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Western Regin Megaplis Plan has been develped encmpassing all aspects f transprtatin t prvide a framewrk fr urban transprt develpment in Western Regin up t The develpment plan pririties have been prepared based n the urgency f the develpments t reslve the critical urban transprt prblems, and based n a lgical sequence f implementatin in rder t maximize the utcmes in achieving the urban mbility bjectives. Megaplis will be implemented as an integrated transprt develpment prject, incrprating all mdes f transprt as well as ensuring sustainability and ease f integratin t existing perating cnditins and infrastructure. T assist the authrities, implement it in the mst effective manner, the develpment plan is set ut with 4 categries 1 i. Public Transprt Imprvements, ii. Rad Infrastructure Develpment, iii. Transprt Demand Management, iv. Envirnment Sustainable Transprt. Public Transprt Imprvement Prject Actin Duratin t cmmence the prject Restructure f Develp Institutinal Refrms fr Immediate Public Bus Public Bus Service Service Develp the revised bus rute Immediate netwrk fr Western Prvince. Identify the new bus rute Immediate requirement fr Western prvince Intrducing Shuttle r feeder bus Immediate services cnnecting railway statins Redesign the public transprt immediate system n expressways. Respnsibility WPTA, NTC WPTA WPTA WPTA, NTC, MOTWP NTC 1 Sme f the additinal suggestins received frm key ministries after final draft was made is included in Appendix 06 6

8 Prject Actin Duratin t Respnsibility cmmence the prject Mdernize and Lw flr buses t be intrduced Medium t WPTA, NTC Imprving the when replacing the ld buses. DMT Lng Term quality f buses act t be reviewed n passenger and services transprt vehicles. IT based Smart Bus Service Lng Term WPTA, NTC Prvide adequate terminal facilities Medium t WPTA, NTC, and mdernized bus shelters. Lng Term MOTWP, CGR Study the prvisins t prvide Shrt Term t WPTA, NTC, separate Bus lane n majr Medium Term MOTWP crridrs and bus pririty. Imprvement f ffice and schl services Regulate and Imprve Taxi Services T frm regulatry mechanism fr Immediate MOTWP ffice and schl services T frm separate bdies t perate Immediate MOTWP schl services in parallel t existing public schl service Imprve the reliability and extend Immediate MOTWP, WPTA the services f existing public schl buses Intrduce a cmmn identificatin system fr all taxies. Immediate WPTA, NTC Prmte and supply adequate Immediate WPTA, NTC, UDA parking space fr taxies at majr transit nde Review charging regulatins Develp IT based Smart Taxi Service Immediate WPTA, NTC, Develp a regulatry authrity and Medium Term MOT plicy dcument fr taxi peratins Develp Develp detailed designs fr Frt / Immediate t UDA, MOT Multimdal Pettah Transprt Hub(MMTH) Medium Term Transprt Hubs and Carryut the feasibility study fr Multimdal transprt centres (MMC) Prpsed lcatins are: Immediate t Medium Term WRMP, UDA 7

9 Centres Kaduwela Kadawatha Kttawa Hrana Panadura Negamb Gampaha Ragama Mratuwa Meerigama Awissawella Railway Electrificatin f fllwing Electrificatin & Mdernizatin existing railway lines 1. Panadura - Veyangda - Plgahawela (RL-M1) 110km 2. Ragama - Negmb with airprt Access (RL-M2)- 26km 3. Kelani Valley (KV) line (RL- M3) -60km Electrificatin f fllwing new railway lines 4. Kttawa t Hrana (RL-NR1) 22km 5. Kelaniya t Ksgama via Biyagama, and Dmpe (RL- NR2)- 30km Upgrading f railway infrastructure. 1. Statins 2. Ticketing system 3. Signal system 4. Telecmmunicatin System 5. Track Imprvements Immediate Medium Term Lng Term Immediate CGR, MOT CGR, MOT Identify the park and Ride demands. Immediate CGR, UDA, Lcal Identify the facilities such as drp ff Authrities areas fr three wheelers and taxies Develp feeder bus services fr Immediate CGR, WPTA identified majr statins. Intrducing new Rapid Transit System (RTS) CBD RTS system cnnecting identified main ndes. This is a cmplete elevated system. 1. Green Line (RTS1) -15km Frt Kllupitiya-Bambalapitiya- Brella- Unin Place- Maradana) 2. Yellw Line (RTS2)-11.5km Frt- Maradana- Mattakkuliya/Peliyagda Shrt Term - Medium term WPMPP, UDA 8

10 3. Red Line (RTS3) 10km Dematagda-Brella-Kirulapne- Havelck City- Bambalapitiya Outer cre area RTS system cnnecting identified main ndes. 1. Purple Line (RTS4) - Brella Malabe 10km 2. Pink Line (RTS5) - Malabe Kttawa 9.6km 3. Olive Line (RTS6) - Malabe - Kaduwela 6km 4. Ash Line (RTS7) Peliyagda Kadawatha 13km Shrt Term- Medium term WPMPP, UDA Intrducing New Water Transit System Intrducing new inland water transprt system 1. Wellawatte and Battaramulla (IW1) 2. Frt - Unin Place (IW2) 3. Mattakkuliya - Hanwella n Kelani River (IW3) Rad Infrastructure Develpment Immediate - Medium term Prject Actin Duratin t Capacity imprvement by Develpment f rad links RDA t identify the required links within each district t maintaining average speed f 40 km/h Develp the High Mbility rad netwrk cnnecting districts with an average speed f 60 km/h which has develped by RDA fr next 10 years Hrana t Meerigama via Paddukka and Kirindiwela Negmb- Divlapitiya - Mirigama (4 lane rad, t cater mainly future industrial and business turism traffic) cmmence the prject Immediate Immediate Medium Term Medium Term UDA, SLLRDC, MOT Respnsibility RDA RDA RDA RDA 9

11 Imprve the Capacity f Existing Expressway Netwrk Cnstructin f new Expressways Plicy n use f Rad/Rail Right f Way Ja-ela t Divlapitiya via Ekala and Minuwangda (4 lane rad, t cater mainly future industrial and business turism traffic) Identificatin f missing links and imprvement f selected sectins f rad netwrk as apprpriate t Western Regin Megaplis Plan a) Marine drive extensin t Galle Face, Dehiwela and Panadura b) Baseline Extensin up t Maliban junctin c) Duplicatin rad extensin up t Kalubwila Hspital Rad. Analyse the new demand n the highways Medium Term Medium Term Immediate RDA RDA, CMC RDA Review existing tll Immediate RDA Intrduce electrnic tll cllectin system Medium term RDA Use real time infrmatin systems Medium term RDA 1.) Ruwanpura Expressway Immediate RDA 2.) Central expressway 3.) New Kelaniya Bridge and elevated rad t Clmb Prt & Frt area (CKE extensin) 4.) Elevated urban Expressway frm New Kelani Bridge t Outer Circular Highway (OCH) via Battaramulla. (feasibility t be cmpleted immediately) Relcatin f unauthrized ccupants f railway/ rad right f ways, prvide adequate space fr pedestrian walkways Immediate Immediate/ Lng Term Immediate RDA RDA RDA, UDA 10

12 Transprt Demand Management Prject Flexible Wrk Hurs Actin Develp plicy plans t prmte flexible wrk hurs in selected institutes Flexi hurs t be intrduced Duratin t cmmence Respnsibility the prject Shrt Term Ministry f Public Administratin Medium Term Chamber f Cmmerce Parking Management Develp plicy plans t prmte staggering wrk hurs in selected institutes Develp a Pricing mechanism fr Parking Implement parking metering system t Clmb district as a preliminary stage. Time limited parking enfrced at identified radside parking lts (e.g. 30 min Maximum). Prvide verflw parking facility fr lng distance private buses. Outsurce the Twing f unauthrized parking. Prvisin f ff-street parking facilities in required lcatins. Prvisin f ff street parking facilities fr 3-wheel parking. Implement strict cmpliance f Parking restrictins Shrt Term t Medium Term Immediate Lcal Authrities Immediate CMC Immediate Traffic Plice, RDA, UDA, Lcal Authrities Immediate UDA, NTC Medium Term Traffic Plice Immediate RDA, UDA, Lcal Authrities, CMC, WRMP Immediate Traffic Plice, RDA, CMC, Lcal Authrities Shrt Term Traffic Plice, RDA, UDA, Lcal Authrities, CMC 11

13 Duratin t Prject Actin cmmence Respnsibility the prject Intersectin Minr imprvements t signalized Immediate RDA, CMC Cntrl intersectins (capacity imprvements) and signal timing updates Upgrading signal lights system alng Immediate RDA, CMC with traffic flw detectin. Develp Specificatins fr all signal lights. New traffic signals t majr Immediate RDA, CMC intersectins Installatin f Traffic cntrl centre Shrt Term RDA, Plice, CMC, with traffic flw detectin (CCTV, Magnetic lp, Infar red) and real time traffic management Synchrnize signal lights alng main Shrt Term RDA, Plice, CMC, crridrs Traffic Flw Cnverting tw-way streets t ne- Immediate RDA, Plice Management way peratin where technically feasible Radway and intersectin widening Immediate t RDA, UDA, Lcal and recnstructins Medium Term Authrities Pririty fr HOV (high ccupancy Lng Term RDA, CMC vehicles). Relcatin f bus stps/pedestrian crssings t minimize unnecessary cnflicts and delays Reductins f Traffic Density clser t Schls Immediate RDA, WRMPP, Plice Medium Term City Schls, WRMPP 12

14 Prject Traffic Enfrcement thrugh CCTV mnitring Rad pricing f entry rads t CBD Actin Duratin t cmmence the prject Respnsibility Identify the Camera instalment Immediate RDA, Plice, CMC, lcatins. UDA Implement Traffic Enfrcement Immediate RDA, Plice, CMC, UDA Identify tll gates, Crridrs needed Lng Term UDA, RDA t be cntrlled, Develp the Pricing Structure Lng Term RDA, UDA, Lcal Authrities Envirnmental Sustainable Transprt Prject Actin Duratin t cmmence the prject Imprve Prvide apprpriate Immediate Facilities fr vegetatin/cncrete cver & pedestrian adequate lighting alng the rads Imprve the quality f walk ways by Immediate prviding cntinuus and intercnnected sidewalks accessible by everyne by designing it Respnsibility Lcal Authrity, RDA, UDA Lcal Authrity, RDA, UDA Separate sidewalks frm the rad way using suitable buffer by apprpriate curb r by landscaping between the sidewalk and the radway Ensure safety f pedestrians at intersectins thrugh clearly marked crsswalks, verhead bridges /underpass and fences Immediate Immediate Lcal Authrity, RDA, UDA Lcal Authrity, RDA, UDA 13

15 Encurage Bicycle Use Reduce vehicle emissin Minimize Fuel Usage Prvide pedestrian signals t Immediate Lcal Authrity, increase the safety f pedestrians at RDA, UDA the crsswalk. Cnduct awareness prgrams n hw t use pedestrian crssings at signalized intersectins, Relcate vendrs frm pedestrian areas t alternative lcatins Immediate Lcal Authrity, RDA, UDA Prvisin f pedestrian facilities fr disable peple Lcal Authrity, RDA, UDA Prvide apprpriate vegetatin Immediate Lcal Authrity, cver r paved area at either side f RDA, UDA the rads Prvide separate lane fr Medium Term Lcal Authrity, bicycle/mtr Cycle use. RDA, UDA Intrductin f higher quality fuel Immediate DMT fr vehicles Intrductin f catalytic cnvertrs Immediate DMT The vehicle emissin standards t be Immediate CEA, DMT reviewed yearly. Facilitate LNG use fr three Medium Term DMT wheelers and taxies Intrduce mnitring system Immediate DMT Reduce taxes fr electric and hybrid Immediate vehicles while increase taxes fr ther cars Discurage vehicles having pr Immediate DMT emissin standards Intrduce a plicy t remve pr Medium Term DMT cnditined vehicles frm the rads Encurage walkways and bicycle Medium Term RDA, Lcal users Authrities Megaplis will becme a centre fr cmprehensive mnitring f all the sectrs that will manage the Transprt and Land use develpment tgether in a ttally integrated manner. 14

16 2 INTRODUCTION Sri Lanka, which currently stands in middle-incme categry 2, is fcusing n lng-term strategic and structural develpment challenges as it strives t transitin t an upper middleincme cuntry. One f the key initiatives with respect t this is the prpsed Western Regin Megaplis Planning Prject (WRMPP). The Western Regin Megaplis Prject is expected t initiate integrated develpment in the regin, t make Western Regin (WR) the ecnmic hub f the cuntry, facilitating gegraphic cncentratin and ecnmic integratin, while ensuring mre unifrm basic living standards acrss the cuntry. Clmb and ther cities especially in the Western Regin has witnessed a rapid change in the urban transprt in the past decade. The cntinual degradatin f traffic cngestin f urban rads and the deteriratin f quality f public transprt service has escalated t such an extent that it has majr negative impact n the ecnmic perfrmance f the regin, the envirnmental quality and liveability. Figure 1: Western Prvince f Sri Lanka 2 Wrld Bank- Sri Lanka, 15

17 Western Prvince(WP) als identified as Western Regin (WR) in Sri Lanka is the main ecnmic hub f the cuntry as its share f the cuntry s GDP is nearly 42% ( Billin Rupees ut f Billin Rupees in 2013) 3 and nearly 60% attributed t the service sectr and mre than 30% t the industry sectr. It als has recrded the highest per capita incme f Rs. 372,814 (apprx. USD 2,922) in It has three administrative districts; Clmb, Gampaha and Kalutara and 33 divisinal secretariat divisins. Clmb district accunts fr the highest urban ppulatin in Sri Lanka with 54.6% while Gampaha and Kalutara accunt fr 14.6% and 10.6% respectively. The ppulatin f Western Regin was 5.8 millin in 2012 spread ver a 3,684 sq.km f land area. It is estimated that the ttal ppulatin f the Regin will increase t 7.8 millin by 2025 with the develpment anticipated under the Megaplis Structure Plan and it is prjected t further increase t 9.1 millin in year 2035, with the planned ecnmic grwth targets. This develpment wuld further increase the transprt demand. As the natin s busiest internatinal seaprt and airprt are lcated within the area, and expansin f such facilities are als in the pipeline, intrductin f structural changes t the transprt system is f paramunt imprtance t make the metrplitan area a mdern, liveable, envirnment and investr friendly area. The first cut f transprt master plan as a part f Megaplis Develpment plan has been frmulated with due cnsideratin t prpse land use plan prpsed theren. This plan has been cmpleted by June 2016 and was available in website f the Ministry f Megaplis and Western Develpment. Since then it was presented t many gatherings here and abrad. The cmments received has been accmmdated and changed versins V.1, V.2, V2.1, V2.2 etc. during Nvember 2016 it was decided t circulate t rganizatins respnsible fr implementatin f the same. In this backgrund the three majr Ministries n the subject were cnsulted t finalize the master plan. During the prcess the cmments received and the actins prpsed/taken against each cmment are included in Appendix 06.In principle, the findings f transprt master plan is essential t mdify cllectively accrding t a plan every day. Hence extensins were nt cnsidered t the master plan at this stage. Hwever these plans need t be revisited at least in 3 year intervals t update/imprve with additinal data. 3 Central Bank f Sri Lanka, df 16

18 3 VISION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT STRATEGY The Gvernment f Sri Lanka (GOSL) believes that the current plicy directin is insufficient t manage and regulate the mbility needs in Western Regin, and therefre a visin that will prgressively take the urban transprt develpment int a new directin is required. The existing public transprt system, which serves as an imprtant mde f travel currently has serius issues with respect t service quality, capacity and the perating mechanism and is unable t meet the mbility needs f the ppulatin. Strict applicatin f transprt demand management (TDM) measures such as parking restrictins, rad pricing and vehicle taxatin plicies, t reduce traffic levels are deemed inapprpriate withut viable alternative ways t travel. Any attempt at a strict applicatin f TDM initiatives may cause unwelcme scial issues and adversely burden the ecnmic activities in the area. The Gvernment has therefre decided t adpt urban mbility slutins as the mst apprpriate way frward. This apprach will fcus n facilitating the mbility needs fr peple, nt vehicles, by encuraging and maximizing the use f sustainable transprt mdes, such as public transprt and nn-mtrized transprt (NMT). A tag line Prmting/inclusive and Sustainable Urban Mbility which agreed by the NPD as a plicy, has therefre been chsen by WRMP as the key plicy statement that will drive the urban mbility develpment in Clmb. This initiative will prmte greater accessibility and cnnectivity within Western Regin fr all mdes f transprt and in the same time will transfrm the capital city int a vibrant and liveable urban envirnment that supprts inclusive ecnmic grwth and envirnmental sustainability. The mdern cncept, as well as the cmmnly adpted mdel f Megaplis, is based n the premise that, if the cities in adjacent regin wrk tgether can create a new urban frm that will increase ecnmic pprtunity and glbal cmpetitiveness fr each individual city and fr the natin as a whle. The prpsed Megaplis plan is aimed at transfrming the whle Western Regin as the mst vibrant and liveable csmplitan Smart City Regin in Suth Asia- creating pprtunities fr all its inhabitants and investrs, achieving the highest envirnmental standard and quality f life, ensuring sci-cultural harmny, and expanding its psitin as the preferred lcatin fr 17

19 business and industry, t accmmdate abut 9.1 millin peple by 2035 with the Clmb as the cre. T achieve this visin, the Megaplis plan prmtes the plycentric & multi centric spatial structure by directing the develpments twards Eastern, Suthern and Nrthern segments f the Western regin and thus spreading the develpment away frm the Clmb cre area. The Megaplis plan prpses new majr grwth areas such as shwn in Figure 2. i. Aviatin Hub Aer City Zne in Katunayake, ii. Industrial twnships in Mirigama and Hrana, iii. Free Prt and Lgistics crridr between Katunayake and Clmb, iv. Science & Technlgy city crridr between Kaduwela t Hmgama, v. Plantatin City in Avissawella, vi. Plantatin & Frest City in Matugama & Baduraliya area, vii. Turism resrt areas viii. Ec-turism in Negmb &Muthurajwela and Airprt city in Rathmalana, 18

20 Figure 2: Prpsed Mega City Structure Plan 19

21 These grwth areas are lcated in the Nrthern, Eastern and Suthern parts f the Western regin and will be develped with necessary infrastructure and mre land supply t create new living envirnment fr its peple. In rder t supprt prpsed grwth pattern, a ply-centric and multi centric spatial structure will be established cnnecting the imprtant urban centres such as Kaduwela, Kttawa, Mratuwa, Panadura, Hrana, Matugama, Aluthgama, Avissawella, Gampaha, Ja-Ela, Mirigama, Pugda, Diulapitiya, Katunayake and Negmb, t facilitate better living envirnment fr the residents and the cmmuting ppulatin in the new grwth areas. Twelve (12) planning areas were defined as shwn in Figure 3 where the ppulatin grwth has been frecasted fr year 2020, 2025 and 2030 t achieve the expected grwth fr the Megaplis. The frecasted ppulatin by each planning areas are shwn in Table 1. Table 1: Planning areas and Ppulatin Grwth The Western Regin is divided in t 467 Transprt Analysis Znes (TAZ) fr transprt planning purpses and Ppulatin frecasts fr 2020, 2025 and 2035 are shwn in Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6. The emplyment frecast fr 2035 is shwn in Figure 7. The densities are shwn in Figure 8 and Figure 9. 20

22 Figure 3: Planning Areas and Key Prject Plan 21

23 The transprt master plan prvides an efficient cnnectivity system fr its peple t have easy access t facilities and at the same time avid vercrwding in the Clmb cre area. Emplyment pprtunities in manufacturing and service sectrs will be distributed t prpsed grwth areas r twnships t ensure that there will be jbs available near hme. It is anticipated that well-planned essential facilities such as health, educatin and basic recreatinal facilities like public spaces; parks, public pl and sprt facilities will be prvided in easily accessible distances. In this cntext, transprtatin sectr plays a key rle t supprt the envisaged rapid develpment in the Western Regin. The need t take an integrated apprach which cvers all mdes f transprt when making planning decisins n rad develpment, public transprt services and rail transprt system as a part f the Megaplis planning prcess have been well recgnized as essential aspect t ensure the efficient cnnectivity and mbility systems fr the mvement f peple and gds within the regin and the rest f the cuntry. 22

24 Figure 4: Ppulatin Frecast fr 2020 by TAZ 23

25 Figure 5: Ppulatin Frecast fr 2025 by TAZ 24

26 Figure 6: Ppulatin Frecast fr 2035 by TAZ 25

27 Figure 7: Emplyment Frecast fr 2035 by TAZ 26

28 Figure 8: Ppulatin Density in 2035 by TAZ 27

29 Figure 9: Emplyment Density in 2035 by TAZ 28

30 4 Transprt Issues in Clmb Metrplitan Area Numerus studies have been undertaken t assess the urban transprt in Clmb Metrplitan area, and its issues with the bjective f finding slutins. Any transprtatin master plan needs urban structure plan t frecast the transprtatin trends fr the future. The fllwing tw f mre recent master plan studies are cnsidered as significant effrts carried ut in rder t prpse cmprehensive transprt plan fr the Clmb Metrplitan Regin (CMR). 1. JICA CMTrans Master Plan Study undertaken by JICA in 2013/2014 frmulated a cmprehensive urban transprt master plan fr the Clmb Metrplitan Regin and selected six transprt crridrs t implement prjects in shrt-term, medium-term and lng-term. 2. The Strategic Plan fr Traffic Management in Clmb Metrplitan Regin (Master Plan Review) by Ministry f Transprt in 2015 prepared a transprt master plan cvering next 20 years up t 2035, which includes reviewing the master plan prpsed by the CMTrans study. Department f Natinal Planning has made an initiative by drafting a plicy paper n Urban Transprt Strategy in Clmb by 2020/2035 in rder t prmte inclusive and sustainable urban mbility in Clmb. The draft plicy paper has recgnized that the JICA study has identified a number f public transprt related issues in CMA and frms the basis f the said reprt and a basis fr the priritizing the investments. Hwever, bth f the abve transprt plans have used the 1998 CMRSP structure plan with updates t accmmdate ptential grwth centres which is cntrastingly different frm the prpsed Megaplis Structure Plan. The JICA CMTrans was planned with a ppulatin frecast f 7.8 Millin peple in 2035 with a CAGR f 1.4% while The Megaplis Structure Plan has a ppulatin frecast f 9.1 millin by 2035 with CAGR 2.1%. 29

31 Figure 10: Difference f 2035 ppulatin between the Megaplis Plan and CmTrans Plan by TAZ 30

32 Althugh the future grwth percentages in bth abve studies and Megaplis are nt cnsiderably different, the spatial distributin f the grwth are significantly different. The Figure 10 shws the difference f 2035 ppulatin between the Megaplis Plan and CMTrans Plan at Transprt Analysis Znes (TAZ). The blue clured areas have a higher ppulatin and green clured areas have a lwer ppulatin in Megaplis Structure Plan in cntrast t CMTrans Plan. These shw a frecasted ppulatin difference up t 100% in the Megaplis Structure Plan in areas such as Divulapitiya and Mirigama. A similar variatin is frecasted fr emplyment fr the Megaplis Plan. Higher ppulatin centres are expected t generate mre trips than the previus studies frecasted, while the higher emplyment centres are expected t attract the trips generated frm the ppulatin centres. These changes in ppulatin and emplyment in Megaplis Plan is expected t change the trip patterns within the regin. Therefre, it was required t recnsider the transprtatin slutins by the tw previus studies with updated ppulatin and emplyment, taking the scenari under Megaplis develpment in t accunt. The bth studies have used the JICA STRADA travel demand mdel t frecast fr the future demand f transprt needs and the analysis f the ptins. The tw previus studies discuss in depth the current transprtatin issues, current demands and current transprt supply in the regin. Therefre this study des nt intend t replicate the wrk but acknwledge the wrk that has been dne and incrprates the infrmatin fr develpment f the master plan fr the Megaplis. The abve studies have highlighted that 10 millin daily passenger trips are generated within CMR, ut f which 7.8 millin are mtrized trips. Therefre 2.2 millin are nn-mtrized trips such as walking and bicycle trips. The mtrized trips are carried by different mdes cmprising Car 14%, Rail 3.4 %, Bus 48.1%, Mtr Cycle 17.9%, Three Wheelers 16.3% and Taxis 0.3%, which shws that almst 52% is still carried by public transprt mdes in There are 1.9 millin daily passenger entering Clmb Municipality (CMC) limits frm 7 main crridrs shwn in Figure 11. The average trip length fr trips within CMC is 4km while 6 km fr trips made utside frm CMC which is a measurement f distance peple need t travel fr the daily needs. The Average trip length with CMR is 12km. The average travel speeds within CMR is 17km/h which drps t 12km/h when within CMC limits which utlines the current prblem within the CMR. The Megaplis transprt master plan was als develped using the same JICA STRADA mdel with necessary imprvements and crrectins. The mdelling was carried ut t check the suitability f prpsed transprt interventins fr planning hrizn year 2020, 2025 and

33 Figure 11: Transprt Crridrs in Western Regin The seven transprt crridrs shwn in Figure 11 are radial cnnectins t the CBD frm majr urban centres f CMA. The practice had been prviding slutin fr each crridr; hwever, peple nt necessarily travel just n crridrs but between crridrs as well. This is further highlighted by Figure 12 shwing the rigin destinatin f bus passengers n Galle Rad. It reflects that nly arund 50% f the passengers riginating frm Panadura, Mratuwa Katubedda, Rathmalana and Dehiwela cntinue beynd the CMC bundary at Wellawatte. This means that the 50% f the passengers have mved ut f the crridr by the time the bus is reached at Wellawatte. It als reflects that nly arund 10% f the passengers riginating at abve lcatins are cntinuing t the Frt as their final destinatin. 32

34 Figure 12: Bus Origin Destinatin Patterns in Galle Rad 4 The Origin Destinatin (OD) desire lines as shwn in Figure 13 shws the pattern f trips within regin frecasted fr This explains where peple wuld like t travel frm their trip rigin. The desire lines further explain that peple d nt necessarily travel n crridrs and actually travel between crridrs as well. Therefre, it is paramunt imprtant that the technlgy that is selected has t evlve beynd single crridrs and cnnects multiple crridrs and prvide mbility fr the ttal trip since peple cnsider the ttal trip when they make a chice f selecting the mde f travel and is vital t achieve the mde shift frm private vehicles t public transprt. The desire lines further shw that a cncentratin f trips twards Clmb CBD with a cluster f lines merging t CBD still exists. Hwever, it als shws patterns f shrt trips arund Mega cities shwn in circles in line with the envisaged structure plan f prviding emplyment and necessary services arund the city itself prviding shrter trip lengths within the CMR. 4 Study f Implementatin f Bus Rapid Transit n Galle Rad, MT,

35 Figure 13: Desire Lines fr 2035 Trips between TAZ 34

36 Table 2: Daily Passenger Flws at the CMC Bundary Bth Directins Table 2 shws the number f daily passengers entering the CMC bundary in 2013 and The 2013 numbers are based n CmTrans Study while the 2035 prjected values are based n Megaplis Transprt Plan frecasted values fr d nthing scenari. It shws that current 1.9 millin passengers will increase t arund 4.4 millin by 2035 dubling the current passenger flws t CMC. It shuld be nted that the 2035 numbers are based n d nthing scenari and des change and tends t increase in sme crridrs with imprved mbility prvided. It was highlighted in bth JICA study and the subsequent master plan review that public transprt imprvements are required and shuld be the pririty. The Megaplis Transprt Plan als share the same view f imprvement t public transprt, hwever it fcus n prviding mbility slutin f all sectrs as well including the rad users. The fcus is t use the scientific apprach t determine the demand fr transprt fr the full study perid until 2035 selecting suitable technlgies that are sustainable fr the study perid and prvide the supply t meet the demand. 35

37 There are different urban transprt technlgies available t prvide slutin fr the current transprt prblems. As depicted in Figure 14, the identified technlgies can be categrized based n cst f the technlgy in millin US$ per kilmetre and the capacity f the technlgy based n passengers per hur per directin (PPHPD) fr a single lane/track. While the cst plays a rle in ecnmics f the interventin, the capacity plays a rle in the sustainability f the interventin. An interventin with under capacity t cater fr the prject planning hrizn is detrimental similar t interventin with a high cst. It is vital that technlgies that can cater fr the ttal prject duratin is selected. The Figure 14 shws the 2013 bus passenger per hur per directin fr selected crridrs which shws that sme f the technlgies are almst at capacity even at current stage and sme are beynd prviding a slutin fr these crridrs. Trams shwn in light green in the figure which has abut 5,000 PPHPD is beynd prviding any slutin fr the current prblem even at Cnventin buses can carry arund 10,000 PPHPD while technlgies such as BRT culd increase the capacity t abut 13,000 PPHPD per ne lane f service. The current demand in 2013 n Galle Rad and Negmb crridr are almst at capacity level f BRT technlgy if nly ne lane f BRT is prvided per directin and is beynd its capacity fr Kandy and Malabe crridrs even at current state. Elevated r undergrund Metr have a significant csts assciated with the technlgy althugh they can prvide a high capacity. A viable slutin was t cnsider electrified urban rail and Rapid Transit Systems (LRT, Mnrail) which culd prvide 30,000 PPHPD per line. Anther slutin might be t prvide tw technlgies t supply fr the demand f each crridr which are ver the capacity fr individual technlgy. Hwever, the ptential f prviding a slutin with ne rail based technlgy cmplimented by cmmuter buses that have enugh capacity has t be cnsidered as a pririty. The capital cst shwn in Figure 14 is fr infrastructure cst withut cnsidering and acquisitin csts, therefre when implementing in an urban cntext where land is a scarce and cstly, sme f the land based ptins culd have a cnsiderable cst added t the interventin. Figure 14 further shws the public transprt demand fr 2035 based n frecasted values fr each crridr which cnfirms that technlgy such as BRT is unable t meet the demand as a single technlgy unless supprted by anther new technlgy which cnfirms the findings n 36

38 BRT study 5 that BRT n Galle Rad which fund that it will meet its capacity by 2025 and that it wuld be required t be supprted by a system such as LRT at that time. It shuld be nted that the BRT study prjectins are based n lwer ppulatin grwth rates cnsidered and further cnfirmed thrugh the Megaplis transprt analysis that the capacity will be reached n Galle Rad between 2020 and Therefre, the Megaplis transprt plan fcus n prviding a slutin with incrprating the existing buses with bus mdernizatin t prvide a bus with high level f service with necessary institutinal and infrastructure develpment, develp cmmuter rail t a imprved and mdernized service utilizatin f existing rail netwrk alng with extensins t new areas, intrductin f a Rapid Transit Systems (RTS) such as Light Rapid Transit (LRT) r Mnrail t areas where the railway cannt be extended t and intrductin f new transprt mdes such as inland water transprt. 5 Study f Implementatin f Bus Rapid Transit n Galle Rad, MT,

39 Figure 14: Mdern Technlgies and its Capacities 38

40 5 TRANSPORT SUB-COMMITTEE OF MEGAPOLIS PROJECT The Western Regin Megaplis Prject appinted fllwing Transprt Sub-Cmmittee cnsists f Transprt prfessinals, relevant stakehlders representing varius agencies t prpse a transprt strategy fr Megaplis area cnsidering recent changes. The cmmittee cmprises f a cre team that develped the transprt plan with cntributins frm the invited members wh attended planned weekly meetings frm key stakehlder agencies. The WRMPP wishes t acknwledge the cntributin f all teams fr preparing the Transprt plan fr the Megaplis. Cre Team 1. Dr. Dimantha De Silva (WRMPP Cnsultant, Team Leader, Transprt Planner/Mdeller) 2. Prf. J.M.S.J. Bandara, (WRMPP Cnsultant, Transprt Planner, Traffic Engineer) 3. Dr. Namali Sirisma (WRMPP Cnsultant, Public Transprt Specialist) 4. Mr. Kaushan Devasurendra (WRMPP Transprt Engineer) 5. Ms. Wanuji Abewickrema (WRMPP Transprt Engineer) 6. Mrs. I.K. Wijeratne (WRMPP Transprt System Analyst) Members Participated in Weekly Meetings 1. Prf. P.K.S. Mahanama (WRMPP Advisr) 2. Eng. Lal Premanath (WRMPP Cnsultant) 3. Mr. Avanthi Jayathilake (WRMPP Cnsultant) 4. Prf. Amal Kumarage (University f Mratuwa) 5. Eng. Namalie Siyambalapitiya (Rad Develpment Authrity) 6. Mr. W.W. Harrisn, (Ministry f Transprt) 7. Eng. Nihal Wickramarathna, (Clmb Municipal Cuncil) 8. Mr. Amarasiri Senarathna, (DIG Plice, Traffic) 9. Mr. T.P. Gamalath (CCTV Divisin, Plice Traffic Department) 10. Mr. G. Wanniarachchi, (Western Prvince Transprt Authrity) 11. Mr. H.W. Wipulasena, (Natinal Transprt Cmmissin) 12. Mr. Janak Ranaweera (UDA) 13. Mrs. Hemanthi Mapitigama (UDA) 14. Mr. Sanjaya Ranaweera (UDA) 15. Mr. J.M. Thilakarathna Banda (MOT) 16. Eng. R.A. Sudath (RDA) 17. Mr. S.A.L. Subasinghe (Clmb Municipal Cuncil) 39

41 18. Mr. B.A.P. Ariyarathne (MOT) 19. Mr. A.W.M. Sarathchandra (MOT) 20. Mr. I. Biyanwila (UDA) 21. Mr. J.I.D. Jayasundara (SLR) 22. Mr. J.A.D.R. Pushpakumara (SLR) 23. Mr. G. Wanniarachchi (WPTA) 24. Eng. E. Wickramarachchi (CMC) 25. Eng. S.A.K. Subasinghe (CMC) 26. Eng. Mangala Karunarathne (CMC) 27. Eng. Manjula Kularathne (CMC) 28. Mr. B.M. Ifthikar (NTC) 29. Ms. Pushpa R. Syza (CSPA) 30. Mr. M.M. Anura Prasanne (UDA) 31. Mr. S.C. Diddeniya (MMWD) 32. Ms. Alka Karunarathne (NTC) 33. Mr. Kumar Rathnayake (Western Prvince Transprt Authrity) 34. Mr. Vishvajith Peiris (WRMPP Urban & Reginal Planner) 35. Mr. Dilan Sampath Kumara (WRMPP Research Assciate) 36. Mr. Dineth Jewanka Perera (WRMPP Research Assciate) The Cmmittee, after a number f deliberatins and cnsultatin with the relevant stakehlders and with due cnsideratin f the previus studies has identified fur subsectrs under transprt sectr, with the view t address identified issues. 40

42 6 PROPOSED SUB SECTORS FOR INTERVENTION It is planned t intervene at the fllwing subsectr level with the view t address the transprt issues that are identified under JICA study and the Megaplis Develpment within the regin. Prpsals are identified under the fllwing transprt sub sectrs. I. Public Transprt Imprvement (PTI) II. III. IV. Rad Infrastructure Develpment (RID) Transprt Demand Management (TDM) Envirnmental Sustainable Transprt (EST) I. Public Transprt Imprvement Public transprt system develpment is seen as the mst sustainable slutin fr t meet the ever increasing transprt demand thereby reducing rad cngestin and minimizing envirnmental pllutin. A public transprt system shuld be reliable and safety and cmfrtable t the user. At the same time, it shuld have gd accessibility t all the demand centres, with adequate perating frequencies the different demand levels at peak and ff peak perids. An efficient public transprt system cntributes t having mre prductive emplyees whilst ensuring minimum usage f resurces. II. Rad Infrastructure Develpment Rad infrastructure develpment will ensure the capacity imprvements f rads, cnnectivity f main cities and imprvement f mbility in the system, whilst ensuring the safety standards are imprved as well. Infrastructure requirement shuld be identified in separate street hierarchy as expressways, rads belngs t RDA and access rads. III. Transprt Demand Management (TDM) Transprt Demand Management essentially managing the transprt demand with the available infrastructure by implementing schemes that changes rad user behaviur. A majr cmpnent f TDM is t understand the user behaviur in rder t assess what will be mst effective methd t alter it. Identifying the travel demand, trip purpses, travel times and travel mdes it is required t define TDM strategies fr the system. The areas f interventins are such as service designs, enfrcement, cntrl and land use planning. Ultimate gals f TDM shuld make the travel ptins mre affrdable, reliable and cnvenient t the travellers. Several measures that can be intrduced under the Western Regin Develpment plan have been identified. 41

43 IV. Envirnmental Sustainable Transprt Envirnmental sustainable transprt is a very imprtant factr t be cnsidered in reginal planning. Use f energy efficient transprt mdes, reductin f vehicle emissins, air pllutin, and nise pllutin will imprve the health cnditin f the residents in the regin in additin t the rad users wh are directly affected. A develpment f this scale needs t pay careful attentin t the envirnmental impact, due t the lng term implicatins it can pse. 42

44 7 DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS In frmulatin f the prpsals under the abve sub sectr, the cmmittee with due cnsideratin t the cst factr, has agreed that the lands required fr implementatin f the prpsals t be made available by the Megaplis Plan. In rder t bridge the cst revenue gap in investment in the transprt sectr prjects, part f the revenue that will be derived frm cmmercial utilizatin f land fr ther than transprt prjects, shuld be utilized fr implementatin f transprt prjects r t cmpensate the revenue gap in peratin, as prvisin f transprt facilities wuld eventually imprve the land utilizatin. Identificatin f lands available fr develpment in Western Regin is carried ut separately by the prject. Fllwing Interventins are prpsed under the 4 sub sectrs identified. Als it is identified when the interventin has t cmmence alng with estimated cst and the prject duratin. 7.1 Public Transprt Imprvement Restructure and Revisin f Public Bus Service Sme f the existing bus rutes d nt cver imprtant areas and sme areas d nt have adequate bus services. Bus rute netwrk has nt been revised fr abut frty years. This will imprve the accessibility t newly develped areas as well as supprt the Megaplis structure plan. Prvisin f bus services alng identified imprtant rutes, that des nt prevail, will minimize the number f transfers a passenger wuld underg. Further, this revisin will enhance the efficiency and effectiveness f the prpsed transit systems and railway electrificatin by increasing the accessibility. Adjustment, extensin r creatin f bus rutes will ensure the safe destinatin f a passenger and will reduce cmpetitin between bus peratrs by reducing verlapping rutes. Restructuring f public bus service will prmte a higher level f service fr bus cmmuters while preserving and enhancing the mbility f the nn-driving ppulatin. Further, it will minimize number f private vehicles engaging in Para transit mdes especially three wheelers n rads. Mrever, reductin f the travel time and transfer time f passengers are added benefits while enhancing the cnnectivity between majr generatrs and attractrs. The restructuring and revisin f the Bus service is intended fr the whle western regin. 43

45 The develpment f institutinal refrms fr public bus service is a crucial necessity that needs immediate actin. The feasibility is srted fr creating cluster cmpanies fr private bus peratrs t ensure benchmark revue fr all peratrs is. This will ensure that the all peratrs are prvided revenue, based n vehicle km travelled rather than revenue earned frm each trip which will eliminate the necessity fr cmpetitin fr peak hur perid and cmpetitin n the prviding the service. The peratrs have t be incrprated in t the cluster cmpanies ensuring that the minimum number f buses required prviding the service are deplyed in the rad. It will als ensure that the vehicle is run cntinuusly with change f perating crew. The revisin f bus rutes has t be cnsidered fr the whle western regin and shuld cme in t immediate actin. This will enhance the cnnectivity f the system and minimize number f transfers. It will ensure that the peratr can gain adequate revenue at the end f the day prviding a satisfactry service t the cmmuter. It can cmmence with identificatin f new bus rute requirement fr Western prvince t prvide a better accessibility. These new rutes are meant t prvide cmplimentary services t rail and RTS netwrk by cnnecting railway and RTS statins. New rutes are t be identified using expressways t cnnect cities within the prvince with higher mbility and als use f expressway interchange as tuch and g systems s that passengers can bard and alight at these ndes.. Actin Plan Feasibility and implementatin f Institutinal refrms. Identificatin f new rutes n lcal rads and implementatin using rutes that have ver supply f buses Identifying express bus services using expressways cnnecting cities within the prvince 44

46 Identifying pick and g lcatins alng the expressway interchanges fr ut f prvince bus services using the expressways with feeder bus services t expressway interchanges Rute revisins alng with cnnectivity t main transprt ndes such as railway statins and RTS statin t prvide smth transfer between mdes. Revisin f time tables with cmpletin f intuitinal refrms s that bth private and SLTB bus services run n single time table. The prject is planned t be cmmenced within 6 mnths and the duratin f the prject is estimated t be ne year. The estimated cst is 0.2 millin USD. The prject will include restructure f bus rute netwrk, revisin f time tables and develpment and implementatin f institutinal refrms. Respnsible agencies: WPTA/NTC/MOTWP Mdernize and Imprving the Quality f Buses and Services The interventin is intended t prvide a bus with higher quality f service fr the existing bus passengers thereby retaining them and als attracting private vehicle users t public transprt. Public transprt will be made mre attractive thrugh prviding mdernized bus service extended t the whle regin. Better facilities fr children and elderly passengers are t be prvided by prviding lw flr buses with kneeling feature fr easy and safe access tgether with facility fr differently. Feasibility f cnverting the whle fleet t AC services shuld be cnsidered prviding a cmfrtable envirnment fr passengers. It is intended fr a reginal bus system that will perate within a crprative envirnment that strikes a balance between service quality and cst. Under this prject, less crwded service and mre frequent service will be prvided t the cmmuters with imprved mbility and reliability thus enhancing the safety and security f passengers. It will nt nly prvide better quality ridership fr passengers but imprve the driver perfrmance t a higher level. The specificatin fr buses with Lw flr, AC and IT enabled systems with GPS technlgy and passenger infrmatin systems with cash less technlgies have t be identified fr different size categries as t cver the ttal netwrk cverage. The new specificatin has t be frmulated as a priri immediately s that new buses can be intrduced as part f the 8 year bus replacement plicy that is in functin currently. DMT act t be reviewed n passenger transprt vehicles t enable the change in bus specificatin.it based Smart Bus Service t be adpted, with prvisins fr passengers t access infrmatin n bus arrival time, tracking bus 45

47 availability n a given rute. The necessary subsidies t be identified t keep the bus fare the same r acceptable level while bridging the gap between the cst f new and lder specificatin if the buses. The replacement time frm currently at 8 years can be cnsidered t be increased with the better quality buses that are been prpsed. The replacement f buses fr the new specificatin can be cmmenced with SLTB within 6 mnths with private bus fleet t be replaced within 8 years r earlier. The prvisin f adequate terminal facilities and mdernized bus shelters parallel t bus service upgrade has been cnsidered as a separate prject therefre nt part f the current prject. Prviding bus pririty at intersectins and separate bus lanes are t be explred. Hwever, it is nted that the current vlumes n rads makes it extremely difficult t intrduce any bus lanes withut additin f new rad space that requires cstly acquisitin. Theretically the bus lanes r bus pririty is intended t shift private passengers t public mdes. Hwever, since mde shift takes cnsiderable time even with prir marketing, finding crridrs that will nt have adverse effect t existing traffic n the first day f peratin is a challenge. Therefre, careful technical evaluatin f impacts has t be cnducted prir t implementatin f any bus lanes n any f the crridrs. Actin Plan Develp new specificatin fr a smart bus service with lw flr kneeling, AC, IT enabled smart bus services fr the whle regin under different categries with necessary subsidies t prvide the service at the current fare structure. Implement new specificatin fr private buses with new rutes identified under previus prject Implement the new specificatin fr SLTB buses after 6 mnths. The prject is planned t be cmmenced within 6 mnths and the duratin is estimated t be 2 8 years. The prject cst is estimated t be 431 millin USD. The cst estimatin is based n replacing the SLTB buses and subsidies necessary t bridge the gap f new private buses. Respnsible Agencies: WPTA/NTC/MOTWP 46

48 Railway Electrificatin & Mdernizatin Rail based transprt mdes are prven arund the wrld t prvide the slutin fr urban transprt prblems alng with prper access by bus services. Under the Western Regin Megaplis develpment plan, entire railway system within Western Prvince will be upgraded, electrified and mdernized t prvide a quality and cmfrtable ride t passengers. The prject will encurage the passengers shift t rail frm ther mdes f transprt, thereby reducing the demand n the cngested rad space. Passengers and the regin in whle will get many benefits including travel time savings, reductin n rad accidents and reductin n envirnmental emissins. The mdernizatin includes upgrade f a) statins, b) Signal System c) Cmmunicatin system d) Rail Track e) Ticketing and f)new rlling stck t prvide a cmplete new mde f travel fr passengers. Better cnnectivity t rail statins has t be ensured thrugh rute revisins f bus services t either terminate r prvide enugh accessibility. The crdinatin f rail and bus time tables has t be ensured t prvide better transfer time fr passengers. Electrificatin f the railway with new signal and cmmunicatin system will allw fr higher frequencies up t 3-5 minute headway in peak perid and new rlling stck will supplement faster acceleratin and deceleratin times t increase frequencies. The passengers will be benefited with greater service reliability, better user cmfrt, better statin ambience, additinal seating capacity and shrter jurney time. Lesser emissins and nise will ensure a sustainable and ec-friendly transprt service. Secured Park and a ride facility in selected statins have t be prvided as part f statin upgrades t attract mre passengers. Mre fcus shuld be made fr mtr cycle and bicycle users alng with adequate car parking facilities. Further drp ff and pick up areas alng with 47

49 taxi parking areas have t be prvided fr better access t the statins. Relcatin f statin in sme instances might be required t facilitate better cnnectivity between mdes. One such instance is relcatin f Wellawatte statin tward the Wellwatte Canal s that better transfer facility can be prvided fr the Wellawatte Battaramulla Canal service. Other lcatins will have t be identified as part f the feasibility study. The 2-3 minute frequencies will require grade separatin by fly vers at majr rads t avid delays fr rad users and such lcatins will have t be identified in the feasibility study. The fllwing railway lines have been identified fr mdernizatin and electrificatin. The first three lines are existing lines while the last tw lines are new lines t be added t the railway netwrk. The lines are illustrated in 1. Panadura - Veyangda - Plgahawela (RL-M1) -110km (85 kms within WR) 2. Kelani Valley (KV) line (RL-M3) -60km 3. Ragama Negmb line with new airprt Access (RL-M2) -26km 4. Kttawa t Hrana (RL-NR1) 22km 5. Kelaniya t Ksgama via Biyagama, and Dmpe (RL-NR2) - 30km The feasibility study n Railway Electrificatin and Mdernizatin f Panadura Veyangda line has been prpsed under the Clmb Suburban Railway Prject under ADB assistance. Ministry f Transprt has cmmenced shrtlisting the cnsultants as f April 2016 t cmmence the feasibility. It is prpsed t be extended the scpe f the feasibility t extend the study up t Plgahawela. The existing signalling and cmmunicatin system alng the existing line frm Panadura t Plgahawela is up t 40 years ld and needs upgrade. Therefre, leaving a part f ld signal system between Veyangda t Plgahawela have the ptential t cause peratinal prblems. Further the Megaplis structure plan has majr develpments prpsed fr Meerigama and Divulapitiya area which warrants the line t be extended at least up t Meerigama. Therefre the prpsal is t extend the feasibility up Plgahawela. The feasibility t determine the pssibility f phasing ut the signal, cmmunicatin and track upgrades frm Meerigama t Plgahawela as an initial measure and electrificatin t fllw subsequently. 48

50 Kelani Valley (KV) line (RL-M3-60km) cnnects majr twn centres such as Kttawa, Hmagama, Nugegda Dmpe and Avissawella n High Level crridr and als it spans thrugh Baseline rad making it ne f the ptential cnnectin t the city. The current single line with slw speeds due t tight curves has already reached its capacity at peak time. The KV line is prpsed t be duble tracked and alignment t be as a shrt term prject which requires the feasibility study t be started immediately. Electrificatin f Ragama Negmb line with an airprt Access (RL-M2-26km) cnnecting the Bandaranayke Internatinal airprt is t be carried ut as a medium term interventin prviding the cnnectivity t the Negamb crridr. A new railway line frm Kttawa t Hrana (RL-NR1 22km) is prpsed as a shrt term measure where the ecnmic feasibility f the trace and EIA has been already cmpleted. The detailed design and the implementatin is and the full feasibility f the prject is yet t be cmpleted and it will have t cnsider the electrificatin f the line as well. The Kelaniya t Ksgama via Biyagama, and Dmpe (RL-NR2-30km) t be cnstructed which gives access t the prpsed plantatin city at Avissawella, and the prpsed lgistics zne. This prject is t be cmmenced as a lng term interventin. A feasibility study needs t identify the demand and finalise trace. This can be either electrified r use the lcmtives that are taken ut due t electrificatin n ther lines. This line targets as a passenger line as well as fr freight transprtatin. The line passes thrugh the Sapugaskanda il refinery making necessary cnnectin fr il transprtatin as well. Actin Plan Feasibility n railway electrificatin and mdernizatin n Panadura-Veyangda extended t Plgahawela (RL-M1-110km). Feasibility study f railway electrificatin and mdernizatin n; Kelani Valley line (RL-M3) Ragama Negamb Line (RL-M2) New Kelaniya Ksgama Passenger/Freight line (RL-NR2) Detail design and implementatin f Panadura Plgahawela line (RL-M1) Detail design and Implementatin f Kelani Valley line (RL-M3) Detail design and implementatin f Kttawa Hrana line (RL-NR1) Detail design and implementatin f Ragma Negamb line (RL-M2) Detail design and implementatin f Kelaniya Ksgama line (RL-NR2) 49

51 The feasibility f Panadura Plgahawela Line (RL M1) is t be cmmenced immediately (within 6 mnths) where the duratin is estimated t be 1 year and the cst is estimated t be 1.1 millin USD. Implementatin f this prject (Panadura Plgahawela Line) is planned t be cmmenced after 6 mnths (immediately after the cmpletin f feasibility study) t be cmpleted n r befre 2020 and the ttal cst is estimated t be 1,540 millin USD at 14 milllin USD/km. The effective cst fr the Western Regin fr the 85 km railway line within the prvince is 1,190 millin USD. Feasibility studies f the electrificatin f Kelani Valley line (RL-M3), Ragama Negamb Line (RL-M2) and Kelaniya Ksgama freight line (RL-NR2) are planned t be cmmenced after 6 mnths and befre 3 years. Feasibility studies are estimated t be cmpleted within a year after the cmmencement and the cst is estimated t be 2.5 millin USD. Implementatin f the railway electrificatin f Kelani Valley line (60km) is planned t be cmmenced within 3 years and the ttal duratin is estimated t be 3 years where the cst is estimated t be 840 millin USD.The KV line is recmmended t be cmpleted in tw phases with first phase up t Kttawa t be cmpleted n r befre 2020 and the secnd phase frm Kttawa t Avissawella t be cmpleted n r befre Implementatin f the railway electrificatin f Ragama Negamb line with airprt cnnectin is planned t be cmmenced after 3 years but befre 5 years and the cst is estimated t be 364 millin USD. Prject duratin is estimated as 2 years. The rail line is phased ut t be peratinal n r befre The detailed design and implementatin f Kttawa Hrana new rail line (22km) is planned t be cmmenced after 6 mnths and befre 3 years t be cmpleted n r befre The estimated prject duratin fr the whle prject is 3 years and the cst is estimated t be 309 millin USD. Detailed design and implementatin f Kelaniya Ksgama line is planned t be cmmenced after 5 years where the prject duratin is estimated t be 3 years t be cmpleted by This line can be either be electrified r used as nrmal line with rlling stck retired frm ther lines, which will be decided thrugh the feasibility study. The cst is estimated t be 420 millin USD (if electrified, the cst will be lwer if electrificatin is nt needed). Respnsible Agencies: MOT/CGR/WPTA 50

52 Figure 15: Prpsed Railway Lines fr Railway Electrificatin and Mdernizatin 51

53 Intrducing a Rapid Transit System (RTS) The existing rad and public transprt service has virtually cme t a standstill in the peak time especially within the Clmb CBD area, the existing passenger demand is almst exceeding the supply f transprtatin infrastructure. The average travel speeds is arund 17km/h in the western regin and even lesser at 12km/h in the CMC area. While rad expansins have been the usual practice that has been adpted it has been prven that mre expansin f rads will nly attract mre and mre private vehicles. Further, CBD des nt have the luxury f available land fr expansin f the rad the imprvement f public transprt has been lng felt fr decades which has been addressed by the Megaplis Transprt Plan which gives the highest pririty t public transprt imprvements. In line with the transprt plan ne f the public transprt imprvements prpsed is a new Rapid Transit System t be intrduced in the CBD and extended t the ut f the CBD f Western Regin. It will intrduce the new transit mde and will prvide easy access t the majr attractins in the system. It will ensure a higher quality service fr everyne in terms f cst, time and safety. Intrducing a new mde will help the rider t chse mst apprpriate mde f transprt based n his trip purpse and hence will increase the mdal shift twards the public transprtatin reducing the traffic cngestin significantly. All the majr pints in the CBD will be cnnected by the new system. The RTS has t be elevated within CBD since rad space is nt available fr dedicated service while there are pssibilities f ging n grund where it is extended t the suburbs. Fllwing three technlgies with the capacities in parenthesis were cnsidered. 1. Light Rail Transit (LRT) r Light Metr (30,000 PPHPD) 2. Mnrail (30,000 PPHPD) 3. Bus Rapid Transit (13,000 PPHPD) 52

54 JICA study has identified mnrail as the suitable system while the MT study has been based n mre rad based system with BRT technlgy. The transprt cmmittee in its cnsultatin has identified that intrductin f a mdern urban rail based public transprt system gives the best ptin fr ffering the private vehicle users an alternative t cnsider change the mde f travel whilst experiencing reasnably high service quality and reliability. This eradicates the cmplexities with respect t perating time tables, red tape with the administrative prcesses, pressure frm unins, plitical influences, and the general inefficiency, that are part and parcel f the current public transprt ptins available that is preventing it frm becming a viable alternative fr private vehicle users. Therefre LRT was selected as the mst suitable technlgy with due cnsideratin given t the previus studies that were cnducted. The transprt cmmittee identified that BRT was nt sustainable t meet the demands fr design perid f next 20 years. BRT requiring at least 3 lanes in each directin with the number f vehicles plying n the rads in the western regin and fund that it des nt have the capability f evlving as a netwrk withut cnsiderable acquisitin and rad expansins. With nly marginal increase in capacity frm 10,000 PPHPD f a higher level bus service t 13,000 PPHPD fr BRT, the increase in supply is marginal t the investment that has t be made. There were tw main BRT lines that were prpsed by the MT review which were fr Galle Rad between Frt and Mratuwa and Frt and Kadawatha. Practical situatin is that bth cannt be implemented in shrt term. The feasibility study n Galle Rad has identified that Galle Rad BRT wuld require a 6km elevated rad between Wellawatte and Maliban junctin, which raises the questin whether such elevated structure n the existing radway feasible (nt addressed in the study) and als questins the pssibility cnstructin f an elevated rad in shrt term. Further, the cst estimated at 16.2 millin USD/km, with the elevated rad sectin the BRT n Galle rad wuld be ne f the mst expensive r the mst expensive BRT in the wrld surpassing 12.5 millin USD/km fr TransMilen in Bgta, Clumbia. The Kadawatha expansin is a mre a practical prblem where the extra lane that is required fr BRT wuld need additinal acquisitin frm the sectin that was acquired in The peple wh have demlished their prperties and rebuilding will be required t be given acquisitin ntice that is practically nt pssible. The remaining BRT lines have similar acquisitin issues. The BRT lines prpsed via expressways have limitatin f passengers limited t the number f seats and technically d nt need a BRT system but rather an express bus service. Further, It has been identified by the feasibility study itself that Galle Rad BRT will reach capacity by 2025 even when running in parallel with the electrified rail netwrk thus creating an under supply just after 5-6 f peratin f the system. Hwever it shuld be nted that the BRT study was cnducted based n 1998 CMRSP plan which has lwer grwth 53

55 scenari than the Megaplis plan and the Megaplis demand analysis has identified that the BRT will reach its capacity even sner between 2020 and A detail descriptin n why the BRT was nt selected is given in separate technical dcument: The Reasns fr nt including BRT in the Megaplis Plan. Main cause fr the selectin f LRT (Light Rail Transit) ver mnrail was its ppularity crrespnding t its versatility. Light rail can run n all pssible types f alignment (elevated, at-grade, undergrund), depending n the particular situatin in a given area f a given city, while mnrail is limited t elevated nly. Since the prpsed Rapid Transit system spreads thrugh suburbs such as Battaramulla, Kttawa, Malabe, Kaduwela and Kadawatha, as discussed later, apprximately 17% can be accmmdated at-grund level while blended facilities such as deprts, yards and statins can be lcated at grund level irrespective t line been at-grade r elevated, significantly reducing the verall cst. LRT als have the advantage f lwer peratins csts and des nt pse incurred higher csts n switching as in mnrail. Mnrail has been ppular in cases f stand alng lines cnnecting tw places; hwever it has rarely evlved as a netwrk especially with crssing that is limited with mnrail. Prpsal by JICA fr mnrail can be justified with the tw lines that had been cnsidered frm Malabe t Frt and twards Mattakuliya since bth f these lines will have t be elevated, hwever when cnsidering a netwrk evlving t the suburbs that can have grund peratin the LRT is a better chice. Further the fact that LRT has mre prviders acrss the wrld enables t acquire a system at a cmpetitive rate with the best technlgy. The mdern LRT system technlgy permits slender cntemprary structural supprts ensuring the aesthetic beauty f the urban cntext which culd be enhanced with the invlvement f an urban design expert.. A detail descriptin n why the LRT was selected ver mnrail is given in a separate technical dcument: Light Rail Transit (LRT) vs Mnrail fr Western Regin Megaplis. The RTS rute and selectin f statins were dne accrding t a cmprehensive methdlgy using majr trip attractin, generatin pints and minimum spanning tree methd. A detail descriptin f the RTS rute frmulatin methdlgy is given in Appendix 03. The RTS lines that were identified are listed belw and shwn in Figure 16 and Figure Green Line (RTS1) -15km Frt Kllupitiya-Bambalapitiya-Brella-Unin Place- Maradana - Elevated 2. Yellw Line (RTS2)-11.5km Frt- Maradana- Mattakkuliya/Peliyagda- Elevated 54

56 3. Red Line (RTS3) 10km Dematagda-Brella-Narahenpita-Kirulapne-Havelck City- Bambalapitiya - Elevated 4. Purple Line (RTS4) 10km -Brella Rajagiriya Battramulla-Malabe Elevated/at Grund 5. Pink Line (RTS5) 9.6km - Malabe Kttawa Elevated/at Grund 6. Olive Line (RTS6) 6km - Malabe - Kaduwela - Elevated/at Grund 7. Ash Line (RTS7) 13km - Peliyagda - Kadawatha - Elevated/at Grund RTS1, RTS2 and RTS 3 are within CBD and are cmpletely elevated systems. RTS1 supply fr the demand with the inner CBD and is a circular rute that cnnects the Frt MMH and inner city future high density residential cmplexes and ecnmic centres. It cnnects t the railway lines at Frt, Klupitiya and Bambalapitiya. RTS2 cnnects Mattakuliya/Ktahena area with the city starting beynd Kelani river at Hekitta at ne end and at Peliyagda at the ther end. There are pssibilities f having park and ride facilities at bth f these lcatins s that number f vehicles entering acrss the river can be limited. RTS3 starting frm Bambalapitiya and ging acrss thunmulla and ging dwn high level rad t Kirulapne and cming alng Baseline rad t Dematagda cnnects residential and institutinal land use such as Havelck city, schls, hspitals and transferability frm Rail at Bambalapitiya, Narahenpita and Dematagda. RTS4 frm Brella t Malabe culd have at grund statins but mst likely t be elevated systems as well. This line cnnects t the RTS1 at Brella and ges alng the centre island f the Parliament Rad/Ctta Rad twards Battaramulla and cntinue t Malabe. RTS5 starting frm Malabe t Kttawa and RTS6 starting frm Malabe t cntinue twards Kaduwela. Hwever, RTS5, RTS6 and RTS7 have ptential f a ttal 12.5 kms f at grund peratin where RTS5 with 5kms, RTS6 with 2.5 kms and RTS7 having clser t 5kms f at grund peratin. Efficient transfer facilities between urban rail t RTS is critical that cntinuus mbility is ensured fr the public transprt users first t prvide an efficient service t current users plus attract mre passengers frm ther mdes. Urban rail RTS transfers frm Castal line are prvided at Bambalapitiya and Kllupitiya, frm main line at Kelaniya, Dematagda and Frt, frm KV line at Kttawa, Narahenpita, Ctta rad and Dematagda as shwn in Figure 17. The Kaduwela transfer facility is fr transfer frm Inland water transprt mde as discussed in next sectin. Secured park and ride facilities fr cars, mtr cycles and als fr nn-mtrized transprt such a bicycles have t be identified and prvided where land is available s that 55

57 peple are able t access the RTS statins. Further, park and ride facilities at Kadawatha, Peliyagda and Kttawa t attract peple arriving n expressways are t be prvided. As a result f Rapid Transit System with LRT technlgy prpsed abve, faster cnnectivity t their final destinatin fr peple brught in frm urban railway is ensure. Further, it is an additin f new mde and increase f capacity t the ttal transit system that will avid the verlading f existing transit systems, reduce the number f private vehicles especially mtr cycles and three wheelers n rads, imprve the quality f ridership with better travel time, safety and cmfrt, attract mre investrs and turists t the cuntry and it will reduce land acquisitin prblem fr rad widening. Actin Plan Feasibility Study f Rapid Transit System with LRT technlgy fr all identified lines in CBD and Suburbs: Green Line (RTS1) Yellw Line (RTS2) Red Line (RTS3) Puple Line (RTS4) Pink Line (RTS5) Olive Line (RTS6) Ash Line (RTS 7) Detail design and implementatin f Rapid Transit System with LRT technlgy n; Green Line (RTS1) -15km Frt Kllupitiya-Bambalapitiya- Brella-Unin Place- Maradana Purple Line (RTS4) 10km - Brella Rajagiriya Battramulla-Malabe Detail design and implementatin f Rapid Transit System with LRT technlgy n; Yellw Line (RTS2)-11.5km Frt- Maradana- Mattakkuliya/Peliyagda 56

58 Pink Line (RTS5) 9.6km - Malabe Kttawa Detail design and implementatin f Rapid Transit System with LRT technlgy n; Red Line (RTS3) 10km Dematagda-Brella-Narahenpita - Kirulapne- Havelck City- Bambalapitiya Olive Line (RTS6) 6km - Malabe - Kaduwela Detail design and implementatin f Rapid Transit System with LRT technlgy n; Ash Line (RTS7) 13km - Peliyagda - Kadawatha Feasibility study f the whle RTS netwrk is planned t be cmmenced within 6 mnths. The duratin fr the feasibility is estimated as 1 year and the cst is estimated as 1 millin USD. The feasibility f Green Line (RTS1) and Purple Line (RTS4) are t be expedited, s that detail design and cnstructin culd be started immediately. The detail design and implementatin f the RTS lines prpsed abve are in phases as described belw. The detailed design and implementatin f RTS1 and RTS4 are planned t be cmmenced after 6 mnths and within 3 years (as sn as the feasibility study cmpleted) t be peratinal in year The duratin f the prject is estimated t be 3 years and the cst f RTS 1 and d RTS 4 are estimated t be 750 and 500 millin USD respectively. Detailed design and implementatin f RTS2 and RTS5 are planned t be cmmenced after 3 years and within 5 years. The duratin f the prjects is estimated t be 3 years and the cst f RTS 2 and d RTS 5 are estimated t be 575 and 380 millin USD respectively. Detailed design and implementatin f RTS3, RTS6 and RTS7 are planned t be cmmenced after 5 years. The duratin f the prjects is estimated t be 3 years, 2 years and 3 years respectively and the cst is estimated fr RTS3 as 500 millin USD, RTS6 as 260 millin USD and RTS7 as 550 millin USD. The ttal cst f the RTS netwrk f 75kms is 3.5 billin USD. Respnsible Agencies: WRMPP 57

59 Figure 16: Prpsed RTS netwrk in CBD area 58

60 Frt MMH Dematagda Kelaniya Kaduwela Ctta Rd Kllupitiya Narahenpita Bambalapitiya RTS5 Kttawa MMC Figure 17: Prpsed RTS netwrk in CBD & suburbs 59

61 Intrducing New Inland Water Transprt System Use f inland waterways has the ptential t reduce the travel time drastically n certain travel crridrs. Presently, there is n prper cnnecting mde in the East-West directin in the Clmb regin unless the prevailing bus services cater that necessity. By using the existing canal systems, strng east-west transprt cnnectivity can be generated fr the cmmuters cnvenience. Cmfrtable air cnditined bats will ensure a smth cmfrtable ride fr passengers At the ff peak perids, especially at night time this system can be used t prmte ecturism arund the Clmb city making this city an active and an attractive area during night time as well. This will add a facet t the city s transprt infrastructure. Bat jetties will be placed at main linking pints where the canals crss the main rads and in ther places where necessary imprving the accessibility and the inter cnnectivity between ther mdes. Fllwing three inland water transprt lines were identified as shwn in Figure 18; Wellawatta Battaramulla Line (IW1) Frt Unin Place (alng Beire Lake) (IW2) Mattakkuliya Hanwella (alng Kelani River) (IW3) The Wellawatta-Battaramulla (IW1) has the mst ptential t prvide an urban transprt slutin. It intersects 6 main rad including Marine Drive, Galle Rad, Highlevel Rad, Baseline Rad, Nawala Rad and Parliament Rad ut f which 3 f them are main 7 crridrs. This is ne f interventins identified under the Megaplis plan that can cme in t actin immediately as a detail feasibility f the prject was cnducted in 2005 which needs update t current traffic cnditin. The shuttle bat service prpsed in the Beire Lake frm Frt t Unin Place (IW2) will save a cnsiderable time fr passengers wh have t use bus service t cnnect these pints especially during peak time. The feasibility f the line has t be cnducted. 60

62 The line alng Kelani River frm Mattakkuliya up t Hanwella (IW3) has a high ptential t prvide an alternate mde fr the lw level crridr where the public transprt is pr. Due cnsideratin has t be made in regards t envirnmental impacts prir t implementatin as the main water intake is frm Kelani river fr distributin f water Clmb. The feasibility f the mde with electrified r slar pwered bards can be cnsidered when the study n the rute is dne. Prir t the canal bat system, the cleaning and dredging f the canals shuld be dne in additin. Parallel t the prvisin f bats, cnstructin f bat statins, yards and access rads shuld cme in t actin. A prper type f bats shuld be used during this service and a prper regulatry mechanism shuld be established fr the cntinuus mnitring and fr the peratin and maintenance prcesses. As this is cnnected with the envirnment much mre, necessary studies must be carried ut t identify the envirnmental prblems and actin t mitigate where pssible. Actin Plan Feasibility Study update and detail design n; Wellawatta Battaramulla Line (IW1) Implementatin f the service n; Wellawatta Battaramulla Line (IW1) Feasibility Study and detail design n; Frt Unin Place (alng Beire Lake) (IW2) Mattakkuliya Hanwella (alng Kelani River) (IW3) Implementatin f the service n; Frt Unin Place (alng Beire Lake) (IW2) Mattakkuliya Hanwella (alng Kelani River) (IW3) Since a prir feasibility study and a detailed design has been carried ut fr IW1 (Wellawatta Battaramulla line) in 2005 the cmmencement f this particular prject is planned within 6 mnths where the duratin is estimated t be 6 mnths and the cst is estimated t be 60 millin USD. 61

63 Feasibility studies in IW2 and IW3 are als planned t be cmmenced within 6 mnths where the prjected duratin is 6 mnths. The estimated cst fr the feasibility study is 0.1 millin USD. Detailed design and implementatin f IW2 and IW3 are planned t be cmmenced after 3 years. The duratins f the prjects are estimated t be 1 year and 2 years respectively and the cst f IW2 and d IW3 are estimated t be 5 and 60 millin USD respectively. 62

64 Figure 18: Prpsed Inland Water Transprt System Develp Multimdal Transprt Hub and Centres Develpment f an integrated transit system that prvides satisfactry service cverage fr peple and freight transprt as practically as pssible by enhancing the cnnectivity will be achieved thrugh cnstructin f multimdal transprt hubs and centres. The main trip 63

65 generatin znes within the regin will be cnnected by bth railway and rads t ensure seamless travel especially fr the public transprt users. Fr this purpse, there needs t be integratin f the mdes via multi-mdal hubs fr smth transitins fr the users frm ne mde t the ther. Ultimately, transprt Hub and centres will prvide a better cnnectivity and transfer facilities fr passengers. These benefits will nt nly be cnfined t passenger transprt but wuld als be derived fr gds transprt. Imprved lgistic facilities fr their gds culd pen up access t previusly unreachable areas as well as link key ecnmic centres t natinal markets. Such imprved infrastructure facilities will attract mre investrs t the cuntry imprving business pprtunities and als will increase the turist demand in the cuntry prviding cmfrtable and safer transprt system. The main Transprt Multimdal Hub is being prpsed t cnstruct at Frt/Pettah, in Clmb. Develpment f the detailed designs fr Frt / Pettah transprt hub (MMTH) shuld be dne immediately. Surce: CmTrans Feasibility Study Reprt In rder t supprt the prpsal, cnversin f OlcttMawatha/ Basitian Mawatha t ne-way peratin s that all buses can circulate shuld cme in t actin. Parallel actins such as reruting f shrt distance buses, prvisin f Park & Ride facilities in rder t accmmdate the private vehicles must accmmdate this implementatin. Inter cnnectivity f transit mdes shuld be achieved as well. Access t prt by rad and rail shuld be prvided enhancing a better cnnectivity. Several ther transprt terminal lcatins have been identified t be imprved as Multi Mdal Centres (MMC). These have been identified int tw levels, majr MMCs and minr MMCs. 64

66 The prpsed majr Multimdal Transprt Centres are; Kttawa Hrana Kadawatha Kaduwela Panadura Negmb/18 th Mile pst The minr Multi Mdal Transprt Centres (MMC) are; Gampaha Ragama Mratuwa Meerigama Avissawella Bus re-ruting and related develpment activities have t be identified fr each lcatin separately t cater the passenger demand. Park & Ride facilities shuld be develped at respective areas. Develp ICD facilities if required. Need t carry ut a feasibility study t identify the types f develpments and land availability in selected lcatins. Actin Plan Detailed design and cnstructin f Multimdal Transprt Hub (MMTH) at Frt/Pettah. Detail design and cnstructin f multimdal centres at 11 lcatins identified. The develpment f Frt/Pettah transprt hub is planned t be cmmenced after 6 mnths time (befre 3 years) and planned t be cmpleted within tw years. The prject cst fr the Frt/Pettah hub is estimated t be 200 millin USD. Develpment f majr and minr multi mdal centres is planned t be cmmenced after 3 years. The feasibility study shuld be cmpleted befre that. The estimated prject duratin is 2 years and the prject cst is estimated t be 100 millin USD. Respnsible Agencies: UDA/MOT/WRMP 65

67 Regulate and Imprvement f Schl Bus Services and Office Van Services The existing schl transprt service is nt enugh t meet the demand and nt up t the required standards by upper middle class f the sciety. As a result, majrity f schl children are travelling by private vehicles that cnsists a significant prtin f the mrning peak traffic. Changing this traffic t a few reliable and quality schl transprt service vehicles which perates frm hme t schl can relieve the traffic cngestin significantly. Attractin t such service is nly pssible thrugh prviding higher quality service that is cmfrtable, safe and reliable. Higher level f service with air cnditining t prvide cmfrtability, regulated s that the service is limited t seated students and safety t be ensured with mnitring facilities prvided t the parents. The frm f private schl bus cmpanies that culd prvide a service with increased reliability s that in an event f a breakdwn the cmpany has t have the ability t replace the bus by anther vehicle in a shrt time which is lacking at current public schl bus service. In the prcess f implementatin, a regulatry mechanism schl services shuld be frmed immediately. Develpment f Plicy Dcuments t facilitate a better peratin it is a must prir t the installatin f regulatry bdy. Operatinal guidelines including, seating capacity, driver/assistant registratin, vehicle fitness, maximum travel time shuld be specified in rder t gain the necessary utput up t the required standards. Mrever, separate bdies t perate schl services in parallel t existing public schl service shuld cme in t actin immediately. Prviding higher quality dr t dr service with air cnditin, mnitring and reliability facilities will result in attracting mre custmers frm private vehicles. The cst f the service des nt have t be subsidies as the intentin is t attract the students frm passenger vehicles rather than frm existing schl bus service. The abve service is t be run in parallel t Sisuseriya prgram which has t be extended mre s that public schl bus service is als imprved The prgram can be extended t ffice vans with further studies. Actin Plan Frm regulatry mechanism fr schl services. Specificatin f peratinal guidelines including, seating capacity, driver/assistant registratin, vehicle fitness and maximum travel time 66

68 Frmatin f separate rganizatin t perate schl services with buses equipped with air cnditin, GPS systems t detect the busses and mnitring facilities. (In parallel t existing public schl service) Sisuseriya prject t be cntinued and imprved as it is in identified rutes by NTC. The prject is t be cmmenced within 6 mnths and the duratin f the prject is estimated t be 1 year. A feasibility study and frmulatin f plicy dcuments are t be carried ut immediately. The estimated prject cst is 1.42 millin USD. Respnsible agencies: MOTWP/NTC/WPTA Regulate and Imprve Taxi Services Taxies are an integral part f any urban transprt systems and it prvides dr t dr service t the users prviding the last mile cnnectin. With the increase in number f taxi peratrs and the number f taxis n the rad, withut any frmal regulatins had led t many scial and traffic issues in the cuntry. An imprved and a relatively lw cst taxi service will act as supplementary service t public transprt system users which in turn may increase the mdal share f public transprt. This especially is relevant in attracting the car users t public transprt. Regularizatin and maintaining high standards with respect t vehicle cnditin etc. is even beneficial t the taxi peratrs, as evident frm the nw successful mbile phne based taxi bking systems such as Pickme, three-wheel drivers are mtivated t jin such a system as they have seen it gives them mre dividends with respect t getting mre hires and decreasing the percentage time the taxis are idling either parking at a stand r travelling arund withut a passenger. Regularized Taxi services can be cnverted int anther public transprt mde in the city limits. This will create emplyment pprtunities t the cmmunity, reduce unnecessary cruising f taxi drivers n rads, reduce traffic accidents, cngestin and vehicle 67

69 emissin. Cntrl the number f taxis entering the system and enhance the jb security f taxi drivers as well. Intrductin f a cmmn identificatin system fr all taxies are prpsed immediately. A regulatry bdy t be established and plicy dcuments available fr taxi services and all the taxies must get registered under the regulatr. Prmting and supplying adequate parking space fr taxies at majr transit ndes shuld cme in t actin immediately. The charging regulatins assciated with taxi services shuld be reviewed in parallel. Mdern technlgies can be incrprated t the taxi services such as t use the internet t find taxi lcatins, cntact numbers and the usage f GPS tracking systems. Develpment f such IT based smart taxi service will make it cnvenient and mre attractive fr the cmmuters. Actin Plan Intrductin f a cmmn identificatin system fr all taxis Establishment f a regulatry bdy and the preparatin f plicy dcuments Prmting and supplying adequate parking space fr registered taxies at majr transit ndes Review f charging regulatins assciated with taxi services Develpment f such IT based smart taxi service The prject is planned t be cmmenced after 6 mnths and befre 3 years and the duratin f the prject is estimated t be ne year. The cst f the prject is estimated t be 0.35 millin USD. Respnsible Agencies: WPTA/NTC/UDA/MOT 68

70 Imprvement f Facilities at Suburban Interchange Bus Terminals and Stands. Almst all bus terminals where the passengers interchange buses and the bus stands lcated at many strategic lcatins n different rutes lack facilities and infrmatin useful fr users. Available basic facilities are nt maintained prperly due t lack f resurces and had been dilapidated mst f the terminal buildings lcated in prime lcatins in suburbs are eye sres as the buildings have nt been designed t suit its surrundings r user needs in mind. These places are patrnized by large number f passengers daily and are excellent places t develp many SME services needed by them and have a great cmmercial value that can nt nly prvide emplyment but als gd incme t thse wh wish t wn and perate them. Hence it is prpsed t develp these bus terminals acrss the Clmb and its suburbs with all amenities and services needed by the general users. As these culd be built and perated by lcal entrepreneurs it is recmmended t flat lcal tenders t lease these lands/spaces fr private builders t build and maintain these services. The bjectives are t redevelp and imprve the appearance, design and peratinal qualities f the bus terminals and bus stands t prvide better facilities t passengers and minimize the peratinal csts f the bus terminals by the gvernment while the services t bus passengers cntinue. As the first step, the required suburban interchange bus terminals and stands will be identified thrugh a prper study. Then Private sectr will be invited t undertake the recnstructin and imprvement f the bus terminals t be equipped with all mdern amenities n leased ut lands n a lng term lease basis by calling Design build and perate prpsals fr each site. The prperties will be subleased and cnstructin will be carried ut. Public services and the facilities t be prvided by the peratrs. The Natinal Transprt Cmmissin and Western Megaplis t agree n terms and cnditins t be stipulated and mnitr the quality f services.200 strategically lcated bus stands will be imprved t help passengers. The bus stands will be develped t have a kisk which will be sub leased by the develpers t peratrs (SMEs) wh will maintain these bus stands while engaged in business f selling gds and services and prvide infrmatin t passengers thru mdern cmmunicatin equipment. 69

71 Actin Plan Identificatin f Suburban interchange bus terminals Private sectr t be invited in the prcess f recnstructin and imprvement Selected terminals t be equipped with mdern amenities 200 strategically lcated bus stands will be imprved t help passengers The prject is planned t be cmmenced within 3 years and the duratin f the prject is estimated t be 2 years. Cst f the prject is estimated t be 230 millin USD Establishment f Transprt Infrmatin Analysis and Disseminatin Centre The infrmatin n transprtatin is many flds. The public as well as the transprt planners and regulatrs f the urban services cnstantly need this infrmatin n a daily basis. Regular surveys n the perfrmance f transprt services as well as feedback frm public t make management decisin are essential fr imprvement f transprt sectr. Currently the universities carries ut sme f the research activities related t this. It is recmmended a Transprt Infrmatin Centre that cllects, analysed and disseminate this infrmatin n cmmercial basis be established. The bjective f this prject is t imprve the transprt services with real time data and facilitate transprt management decisin making prcess. An institutinal mechanism will be set up whereby the NTC will frm a jint venture with a private sectr r frm a public cmpany that will prvide the services. Then the cmpany will train the staff and intrduce the GIS based infrmatin system and prvide required infrmatin thru the telecm netwrk t the public. Actin Plan Establishment f Institutinal mechanism Intrductin f IT based infrmatin system The prject is planned t be cmmenced within 3 years where the duratin is prjected t be 2 years. The cst f the prject is estimated t be 2 millin USD. 70

72 Figure 19: Prpsed Public Transprt Interventins in Western Regin 71

73 Figure 20: Prpsed Public Transprt Interventins in Cre Area 72

74 7.2 Rad Infrastructure Develpment Capacity Imprvement f Existing Rads The rad expansins have been the cmmn methd that has been adpted in the past t address the traffic cngestin. Apart frm, certain rads utside f the Clmb city limit, mst f the inner city rads des nt have the luxury t expand with cnsiderable acquisitin been required. In general the rads that have been identified by the RDA fr capacity imprvements have been incrprated t the WRMPP transprt plan. The RDA has identified the required links within each district t maintaining average speed f 40 km/h and develpment f the High Mbility rad netwrk cnnecting districts with an average speed f 60 km/h which has develped by RDA fr next 10 years. In additin fllwing existing rads that RDA has nt selected have been prpsed with the new grwth plan n Western regin. Hrana Meerigama via Padukka, Kirindiwela Negmb Divulapitiya Meerigama Ja-ela - Divulapitiyavia Ekala and Minuwangda The existing rad link Hrana t Meerigama via Padukka and Kirindiwela will be rehabilitated as a medium term measure. The abve rad link will facilitate the inter crridr mvement f peple easily and will cnnect dwn suth with Negamb and Meerigama bypassing Clmb cre area. It will facilitate the transprt requirements within the new cities such as Hrana, Meerigama and Divulapitiya that are t be develped under the Megaplis plan. Tw ther new rad links identified are Negmb- Divlapitiya - Mirigama as a 4 lane rad and Ja-ela t Divlapitiya via Ekala and Minuwangda as a 4 lane rad t cater mainly future industrial and business turism traffic in the regin. These interventins wuld be Medium term develpments. A feasibility study is in prgress t identify mst suitable rads t be rehabilitated under ADB assistance. The transprt plan als identifies fllwing three missing links within Clmb t be imprved as apprpriate t the Western regin Megaplis plan as medium term interventins. 73

75 Marine Drive extensin t Galle Face Chathiya rad and Dehiwela Junctin and cnsider a feasibility f extensin t Panadura in lng term. Baseline Rad Extensin frm Kirulapne up t Maliban junctin. Duplicatin rad extensin up t Kalubwila Hspital Rad. Actin Plan Feasibility and Detail design and rehabilitatin f existing rad links Hrana t Meerigama via Padukka and Kirindiwela Negmb- Divlapitiya - Mirigama Ja-ela t Divlapitiya via Ekala and Minuwangda Marine Drive Extensin t Pandura frm Dehiwela Detail design and cnstructin f missing links; Marine drive extensin t Galle Face and Dehiwela, Baseline Rad extensin up t Maliban junctin Duplicatin Rad extensin up t Kalubwila Hspital Rad. The RDA will be the main implementing agency fr all prjects, with the CMC supprting the initiatives within the Clmb Municipal limits. The RDA previusly identified prjects t be cmmenced within 6 mnths at a cst f 345 millin USD which will take arund 3 years t cmplete. The feasibility studies f Hrana Meerigama, Baseline extensin and Duplicatin rad extensin t cmmence within 6 mnths which has a cst f 0.5 millin USD and 1.5 millin USD. The rad imprvements t cmmence after 6 mnths and within 3 years are; detail design and cnstructin f prpsed Hrana Meerigama rad at a cst f 58 millin USD, baseline rad extensin t Maliban junctin at a cst f 40 millin USD, Marie drive extensins at a cst f 18 millin USD. Further, a plicy n right f way t relcate f unauthrized peple has t be cmpleted. The rad prjects t cmmence 3 years and within 5 years are detail design and cnstructin f Ja-ela Divulapitiya rad at a cst f 20 millin USD and detail design and cnstructin f Duplicatin rad extensin at a cst f 11 millin USD. 74

76 Imprve the Capacity f Existing Expressway Netwrk / Imprve the Expressway Netwrk The existing expressways are mainly utilized fr lng distance passenger transprtatin. Yet, sme f the nearby majr twns can be cnnected thrugh a rute which runs thrugh the expressways reducing the time t travel in between. The existing tlls have nt been revised as per the changed demand ver the past years and the capacity f the expressway is nt fully utilized due t reductin in capacity at tll gates which has manual tll cllectin methd apart frm Clmb Katunayake Expressway. The efficient and effective use f existing expressways under the Western Regin Megaplis plan, is prpsed with increase f reginal express bus services using expressways as discussed under sectin 7.1.1, reducing delays at tll cllectin facilities and revising tlls t attract mre users. Implementatin f this prject will save time, fuel and imprve the cnnectivity f lng distance ndes, imprve reginal bus transprt system, induce new land use develpments in areas arund interchanges, imprve the cnnectivity t transprt hubs and will psitively affect the ecnmic develpment f the cuntry. As per the actin plan, analysing the new demand n the highways and reviewing the existing tll will be undertaken as immediate measures. It is essential that due cnsideratin is made t identify ways t increase the use f expressways by cmmercial vehicles that currently use the natinal highways. Intrductin f new electrnic tll cllectin system is a necessity in rder t eliminate the pssible traffic cngestin at the entrance and exit f expressways and it will cme int effect as a medium term measure. Intrductin f a real time infrmatin management system will als prpsed as a medium term measure t imprve the efficiency f expressway peratins. Actin Plan Analysing the existing demand n the expressways and reviewing the existing tll Intrductin f new electrnic tll cllectin system Intrductin f a real time infrmatin management system 75

77 The study n expressway capacity imprvements is expected t cmmence within the next six mnths, and be cmpleted within ne year, at an estimated budget f 0.1 millin USD. The RDA will be respnsible fr the implementatin f these prjects Cnstructin f New Expressways The expressway netwrk prvides a high mbility t prvide a cnnectin frm ut f regin while prviding cnnectivity within the regin in the perimeter f the urban develpment. The prpsed expressways in the Megaplis Transprt Plan cmprise f elevated as well as at grade sectins cnnecting the regin utwards and prvide a cnnectin t the central business district. It will reduce the travel time significantly between key areas. It als results in enabling mre inland cnnectivity and the expansin f existing expressway netwrk. Fllwing natinal and urban expressway expansins are prpsed; 1. Ruwanpura Expressways 2. Central Expressway. 3. Elevated expressway frm New Kelani Bridge t Clmb Prt (Prt Access Expressway). 4. Elevated expressway frm New Kelani Bridge t Pre/OCH The feasibility studies fr Ruwanpura Expressway and Central Expressway have been cncluded with detailed designs and are been evaluated by the RDA. The preliminary feasibility n New Kelaniya Bridge and elevated expressway frm New Kelani Bridge t Clmb Prt & Frt area (CKE extensin) is available and is a necessary cnnectin nt nly fr private vehicles but fr cmmercial vehicles. The cnnectin is vital with the develpment f prt city prject. 76

78 Elevated urban Expressway frm New Kelani Bridge t Pre/OCH via Battaramulla is identified as a necessary cnnectin t cnnect the Suthern Expressway/Outer Circular Expressway t the inner city prviding a quick cnnectin t vehicles arriving n bth f the expressways. A feasibility study was cnducted up t Rajagiriya, therefre extensin f the study t include cnnectin t SE/OCH is required. Due cnsideratin has t be made n the impact by higher mbility fr public transprt in this crridr with the intrductin f the RTS5 and RTS6 prpsed under the Megaplis Transprt Master Plan. Actin Plan Feasibility study n elevated expressway frm Kelani Bridge t Pre/OCH via Battaramulla. Cnstructin f Ruwanpura Expressway Cnstructin f Central Expressway Cnstructin f New Kelaniya Bridge and elevated expressway frm New Kelani Bridge t Clmb Prt & Frt area (CKE extensin) Cnstructin f Elevated Urban Expressway frm Kelani Bridge t Pre/OCH via Battaramulla. The cst f cnstructin f the Central expressways is millin USD fr the sectin within western regin (ttal cst 2979 millin USD) which is identified t cmmence within 6 mnths and prject duratin t be 4-5 years. The Ruwanpura Expressways cst is estimated at millin USD rad sectins within western regin (ttal cst 1518 millin USD) which is identified t cmmence within 6 mnths and take 4-5 years t cmplete. The elevated rad frm New Kelani Bridge t Clmb Prt is estimated at 145 millin USD is identified t cmmence within 6 mnths anticipated t take 3 years t cnstruct. The elevated rad frm New Kelani Bridge t Pre via Battaramulla is estimated t cst 1100 millin USD is identified as required by 2025 that requires cmmencement after 5 years. 77

79 7.2.4 Plicy n use f Rad/Rail Right f Way / Plicy f use f Rad Right f Way Every Rad / Railway line has its demarcated bundaries and ver time mst f the designated area are acquired by unauthrized peple. It makes incnvenience as well as the cngestin within the cities. Due t pr plicies in land acquisitin, rad prjects get delayed unnecessarily. Under this prject, a plicy will be develped by prfessinals in the field t avid such circumstances in the future prjects. A prject f this type is needed in rder t allw necessary future expansin thus by result in a lw expenditure n prvisin f lw cmpensatin. Hence it will result in aviding scial cntrversy arising due t public prperty acquisitins, expediting rad imprvement prjects withut unfreseen delays in land acquisitin having a clear Right f Way which will increase rad capacity and level f service and imprve pedestrian safety &cmfrt. Identificatin and demarcatin f rad and rail right f way bundaries need t be dne immediately with enfrcing strict legal restrictins t avid encrachers. Then, the relcatin f unauthrized settlers can be carried ut as a shrt term interventin. Actin Plan Identificatin and demarcatin f Rad and Rail Right Enfrcing strict restrictins n encrachers Relcatin f unauthrized settlers This prject will be carried ut by the UDA and the RDA within the next 6 mnths t 3 years, and will be cmpleted within 2 years f cmmencement. The estimated cst f the prject is 0.07 millin USD. 78

80 Figure 21: Prpsed Rad Imprvements in Western Regin 79

81 Figure 22: Prpsed Rad Imprvements in Cre Area 80

82 Figure 23: Prpsed Interventins in Western Regin 81

83 7.3 Transprt Demand Management Flexible & Staggering Wrk Hurs Flexible wrking hurs is prpsed t be intrduced in public and private institutins t spread the peak demand f the traffic flw which increase the peak time perid f traffic but at a lwer vlume, thus prviding relief fr several years until public transprt infrastructure is built. Emplyees can adjust their wrking time withut any negative effects t the wrking prcesses f the institutes. Flexible wrk hurs allw wrkers t determine their wn schedule times, and plan their wrk hurs. Cperatively, ffice wrking times can be emplyed by fixing the time that all wrkers have t be at wrk (10 am t 3pm) and allwing the emplyee t decide the starting time f their wrk. (7am t 10am). The end time will be based n the start time. That is if smene starts at 7am he can leave at 3pm while smene starting at 10 and will finish at 6 pm. Implementatin f flexible wrkhurs will increase the time perid the public services available spreading thrugh the day and als imprve passenger and rider satisfactin. The increase n peak perid will als be beneficial fr the current public transprt prviders especially t the private bus peratrs wh are currently cmpeting t prvide the service in the peak time perid. Develpment f plicy plans t prmte flexible wrk hurs in selected institutes shuld initiate in shrt term. Study and identify pssible areas f applicatin and necessary plicy intrductins shuld cme alng while acknwledging and prmting systematic schedule within the institutins. Next, flexi hurs can be intrduced in medium term. In rder t cater the spread f demand, Trains and buses are needed t be rescheduled t ensure the cnvenience f the emplyees. Develpment f plicy plans t prmte staggering wrk hurs in selected institutes shuld be dne Shrt t Medium Termly. Actin Plan Develpment f directive t prmte flexible wrk hurs in selected institutes Necessary administrative and legal amendments t the prcedures Rescheduling trains and buses 82

84 Estimated Apprximate cst fr the abve prject is 0.05 Millin USD that will be mainly utilized fr the preliminary studies t be under taken. This prject shuld be cmmenced immediately (within 6 mnths) and the expected prject duratin is 6 mnths frm the date f cmmencement. Respnsible Agencies: Ministry f Public Administratin/Chamber f Cmmerce Parking Management The aim f parking management is t reduce vehicle trips by cntrlling n street parking, and charge fr currently free service, n the assumptin that peple will change mdes r carpl. Shifting frm free parking t cst-recvery parking will result in autmbile cmmuter trip reductin. Further, minimize the impacts f parking n impervius surfaces and minimizing the requirements fr parking spaces will equal a significant reductin in public expenditures; charging fr the cst f parking wuld help reduce parking cngestin. It will ultimately result in n street parking demand reductin by eliminate illegal parking n rads. Prvisin f ff street parking will help t imprve the capacity n rads and prvisin f n-street parking fr shrt time perids at identified lcatins. Immediate actins shuld be taken t develp a pricing mechanism fr parking. Under this prcess, Implementatin f parking metering system t Clmb district can be dne in the preliminary stage estimated apprximate cst fr this immediate actin is 0.28 Millin USD with a prject duratin f 6 mnths frm the date f start. Adequate n- street spacing shuld be available restricting parking n pedestrian walkways. Further, time limited parking enfrced at identified radside parking lts (e.g. 30 min Maximum) shuld bring in t actin immediately. Prir t this, pedestrian walkways shuld be cmpleted up t requirements. 83

85 Actin Plan Develp a pricing mechanism fr parking. Implementatin f parking metering system Prvisin f adequate n- street spacing in shrt term Restricting parking n pedestrian walkways Allwing time limited parking enfrced at identified radside parking lts (e.g. 30 min Maximum) Pedestrian walkways shuld be cmpleted up t requirements. The fllwing measures must be taken fr successful implementatin f this. Prvisin f verflw parking facility fr lng distance private buses shuld draw the immediate attentin. A budget f apprximately 0.53 Millin USD will be allcated in prviding necessary facilities and the prjected time duratin is 1 year frm the date f cmmencement. Prvisin f necessary facilities t mitigate unauthrized parking n rads. Outsurce the twing f unauthrized parking can cme in t actin. Revisin f legal prcedure relevant with particular subject will smth the prcess f implementatin. Increase awareness f traffic law amng public by using scial and mass media will reduce the surveillances related t parking. In rder t mitigate the n street parking, necessary parking areas shuld be prvided ut f the rads. Prvisin f ff-street parking facilities in required lcatins shuld cme in t actin medium termly t cater the parking demand arising within the western regin. Fr this, Necessity f identifying the type f parking facilities e.g. Multi stried car parks, mechanical car parks, rf tp car parks etc. is needed thrugh a study. Estimated cst fr this prcess is Millin USD and will be cmmenced shrt 84

86 termly (between 6 mnths 3 years). Prjected date f cmpletin is 2 years frm the date f cmmencement. Parking issue is als prevalent with respect t the three wheelers n radways. T mitigate this prblem, identificatin f suitable lcatins fr 3-wheel parking shuld be dne n immediate time scale. Cst f 0.01 Millin USD has been allcated fr the study purpses in identifying suitable lcatins fr the parking slts. Apart fr abve, prper assessment shuld be dne n intersectin layut, bus stps lcatin and traffic management measures prir t implementatin. Strict cmpliance f parking restrictins shuld cme in t actin lng termly after adequate facilities such as ff street parking slts are prvided. Respnsible Agencies: Lcal Authrities/Traffic Plice/RDA/CMC/Lcal authrities/uda/ntc/wrmp Fllwing map depicts the land availability identified by the UDA with in the Western Regin. Figure 24: Land Availability within Western Regin 85

87 Figure 25: Land Availability within CMC Regin 86

88 7.3.3 Intersectin Cntrl Intersectin cntrl will imprve the turning mvement capacity and the efficiency. This will help t initiate signal synchrnizatin f the area as well, which will reduce delays at intersectins, reduce cnflict pints and make intersectins mre safe fr all rad users and efficient in prcessing the traffic flw Other measures such as public transit pririty can als be intrduced with imprved intersectin cntrl measures. Minr imprvements t signalized intersectins (capacity imprvements) and signal timing updates at all intersectins t start immediately. Majrity f the signal timing at intersectins has nt been updated in the recent past and a mechanism shuld be put in place t d peridical signal timing updates based n a mnthly r bi-mnthly rster. Estimated cst fr the abve prcess is 4 Millin USD and the prjected time perid is 1 year frm the date f cmmencement. Parallel t capacity imprvements, upgrading signal lights system alng with traffic flw detectin and the develpment f specificatins fr all signal lights shuld cme in t actin immediately using the intersectin imprvements identified under KOICA study dne recently. While upgrading the existing signal systems, installatin f new traffic signals at majr intersectins where necessary shuld cme in t actin in shrt term Millin USD f cst is estimated fr the signal light upgrading prcess that will take minimum f 1 year fr the date f cmpletin frm the date f start. In the next stage, Installatin f Traffic cntrl centre with traffic flw detectin (CCTV, Magnetic lp, Infar red) and real time traffic management shuld supprt the abve mentined cntrls in medium term. Prjected prject duratin is 2 years frm the date f cmmencement and the estimated apprximate cst fr the cntrl centre is Millin USD. Installatin f signal lights under same specificatins is a prerequisite. Civil engineering wrks will be under prgress n rads t intercnnect the signal lights. Prceeding 87

89 wrks can be listed as synchrnizatin f signal lights alng main crridrs (Medium Term). Fr this imprvement f intersectins and installatin f ne type f traffic lights, fibre ptic netwrk can be named as pre-requisites. Apart frm abve mentined csts 50 Millin USD is estimated fr the prcess f radway and intersectin widening and recnstructin wrks. Prjected time perid fr this actin will be 2 years frm the date f cmmencement. Actin Plan Minr imprvements t signalized intersectins and signal timing updates n all intersectins with a prgram t peridically update. Installatin f new traffic signals at majr intersectins Upgrading signal lights system alng with traffic flw detectin Installatin f Traffic cntrl centre with traffic flw detectin (CCTV, Magnetic lp, Infar red) and real time traffic management Synchrnizatin f signal lights alng main crridrs Respnsible agencies: RDA/Plice/CMC Traffic Flw Management and Capacity Increase Traffic flw management will enhance the mbility n crridrs, reductin f cngestin, imprvement in rad safety and reductin f delay n rads. Travel time reductins f rad users, reduced energy cnsumptin and imprved travel time reliability can be listed as benefits gained thrugh Traffic Flw Management. This will deliver rapid, tangible and cst effective imprvements targeting travel time variability and the mst extreme cngestin incidents. Cntrl traffic behaviur as it appraches the physical capacity f the rad system and cntrl f vehicle entry and circulatin and pedestrian activity n rads. Cnverting tw-way streets t ne-way peratin where technically feasible shuld be dne immediately. Radway and intersectin widening and recnstructins shuld be prgressed parallel t abve t cater the demand and a smth flw f traffic. As anther actin pririty prvisin fr HOV (high ccupancy vehicles) n separate lanes can be implemented in lng term. Studies shuld be carried ut t identify the bttlenecks alng all crridrs and make imprvements t increase the capacity f the existing rads. A list f prjects that culd cmmence immediately has been identified t increase the capacity f the existing rads that can be a shrt term slutin t the current cngestin. The lists f prjects are categrized under fllwing and the details are given in Appendix 1. 88

90 A. Minimize Effects Due t Freight Mvement (5) B. Imprving Rad Netwrk Capacity (8) C. Imprving Rad Link Capacity (10) D. Remval f Bttlenecks (5) E. Imprving Intersectin Capacity (6) F. Imprving Pedestrian Facilities (6) G. Rad User Infrmatin Systems (2) H. Imprving Rad Safety (6) I. Emergency Access (1) J. Minimizing Cngestin in Twn Areas (3) K. Parking Management (4) Cnstructins f pedestrian walkways, imprvements f intersectins, signal synchrnizatin are pre-requisites befre accmmdating separate prvisins fr HOVs. Overtaking facilities must be prvided time t time. Relcatin f bus stps/pedestrian crssings t minimize unnecessary cnflicts and delays shuld cme in t actin immediately. Carryut safety audits/ cnflict studies t supprt the implementatins is a must. Reductins f traffic density clser t schls shuld be dne in shrt term. It can be accmplished by requesting t submit the current traffic management plans and frm a traffic management cmmittee by city schls. Estimated apprximate cst fr the abve prject is 20 Millin USD that will be mainly utilized fr the preliminary studies t be undertaken. This prject shuld be cmmenced immediately (within 6 mnths) and the expected prject duratin is 1 year frm the date f cmmencement. Actin Plan Cnverting tw-way streets t ne-way peratin where pssible Radway and intersectin widening and recnstructins 89

91 Identificatin f bttle necks alng crridrs and make capacity increase t existing netwrk Pririty prvisin fr HOV (high ccupancy vehicles) Cnstructins f pedestrian walkways, Imprvements f intersectins, signal synchrnizatin Relcatin f bus stps/pedestrian crssings Reductins f Traffic Density clser t Schls Estimated Apprximate cst fr the abve prject is 20 Millin USD that will be mainly utilized fr the preliminary studies t be under taken. This prject shuld be cmmenced immediately (within 6 mnths) and the expected prject duratin is 1 year frm the date f cmmencement. Respnsible Agencies: City Schls/WRMP/RDA/Plice/CMC/UDA/Lcal Authrities Rad Pricing /Rad pricing f entry rads t CBD Rad pricing discurage traffic entering int CBD and particular radways during perids f peak cngestin. Tlls are generally fixed amunt charged n a single radway while cngestin pricing invlves variable charges based n levels f cngestin r time f day & can be charged ver a wide area rather than nly a single radway. Further, rad pricing will directly affect the husehlds & the freight csts f firms and further impacting n vlume f travel, cnsumptin, prductin f cmpanies and ultimately n GNP (Grss Natinal Prduct). Revenue generated thrugh tll cllectins can be directed fr maintenance f the rad netwrk in the particular area. Rad pricing will result in the reductin f unnecessary mvements r trips dne by travellers. Mrever, this encurage shift f private vehicle users t alternative transprt mdes such as public transprt, carpling etc. Nn regular travellers may tend t use ff peak hurs r ther transit mdes in entering t the CBD. 90

92 Rad pricing strategy is a lng term implementatin as it requires number f pre requisites t be met befre hand such as identificatin f tll gates, crridrs needed t be cntrlled; facilities n park and ride fr rail and RTS. In rder t price the rads, enhancements f adequate public transprt services are t be prvided as a priri t the passengers prviding them an alternative. Prceeding actins can be listed as electrnic tll bths installatin in rder t minimize the delay and traffic impacts at tll gates. Develpment f a pricing structure t be established in parallel. Actin Plan Identificatin f tll gates lcatins (crdn fr rad pricing) r crridrs Enhancement f adequate public transprt services and carpling facilities. Electrnic tll bths installatin Develpment f a pricing structure Estimated Apprximate cst fr the abve prject is 19 Millin USD that will be mainly utilized fr the preliminary studies t be under taken. This prject shuld be cmmenced lng termly (after 5 years) and the expected prject duratin is 2 years frm the date f cmmencement. Respnsible agencies: UDA/RDA/Lcal Authrities Traffic Enfrcement Thrugh CCTV Mnitring CCTV cameras installed at sme key intersectin pints arund Clmb CMC area, the fining prcess is dne manually by the plice. Due t this many f the peple wh disbey the traffic rules and regulatins are hard t recgnize and t act upn. Due t this prevailing situatin the 91

93 intrductin f the establishment f law enfrcement with autmated number plate recgnitin and sending the fine t the registered wner f the vehicle will minimize the traffic law vilatin in the rads. With time, this will result in a change in the attitudes f the peple when using rads thus by reduce the accidents enhancing the rad discipline and ensuring the passenger and vehicle safety. Nt nly fr the surveillance purpses but this CCTV mnitring can be used in the traffic flw management n rads. Up t date there are 33 lcatins where CCTV cameras are already installed within CMC area (Figure 21). The prcess is t expand this CCTV installatin all arund the Western Regin immediately (refer Appendix 02 fr the list f identified lcatin list by plice). Initially, the traffic vilatin detectin thrugh CCTV mnitring shuld be dne bth manually and autmatically where the manual prcess will be cmpletely replaced by the autmated system in lng term. The paying f fines will be dne in the usual way t the pst ffice where in the future this will be upgraded s that the cmmuter can see his vilatin nline and the fine can be paid nline. A study and plicies required t implement t be dne in shrt term.. Actin Plan Develp plicies and implementatin plan. Pilt prject t implement in a cntrlled area. Expansin f the cverage by installing CCTV Cameras within Western Regin 92

94 Estimated Apprximate cst fr the abve prject is 25 Millin USD that will be mainly utilized fr the preliminary studies and fr the implementatin t be under taken. This prject shuld be cmmenced immediately (within 6 mnths) and the expected prject duratin is 1 year frm the date f cmmencement. Respnsible Agencies: Plice/RMV/UDA/RDA/CMC Figure 21: Existing CCTV camera Lcatins Plice CCTV Divisin -Existing CCTV Lcatins 1 Kadirana Bridge 2 Mattakkuliya Rassamulla kanda 3 Thtalaga Bridge 4 Kalani Kandy Bridge 5 Hettiyawaththa Junctin 6 Vivekananda Rd. Junctin 7 Amur Bamur Junctin 8 Orugdawatta Junctin 9 NSA Rundabut 10 Ceramic Junctin 11 In frnt f Frt Railway Statin 12 In frnt f CTB Bus stand 13 Tp f Plice Welfare Building 14 Maradana Junctin 15 dematagda Junctin 16 Kandasami Junctin 17 Galle face Rundabut 18 Kllupitiya Junctin 19 Liberty Rundabut 20 Flwer Rd Junctin 21 Twn hle 22 Prisn Junctin 23 Nelumpkuna Rundabut 24 Brella Junctin 25 Ayurweda Junctin 26 Plduwa ( Parliament) Junctin 27 Kanaththa Junctin 28 In frnt Of BMICH ( Buddhalka MV.) 29 Thummulla Junctin 30 Bambalapitiya Junctin 31 Narahenpita Junctin 32 Highlewel Base line Junctin 33 Wellawaththa William Junctin 93

95 Figure 22: CCTV Camera Lcatin fr Law enfrcement and Traffic Management 94

96 7.4 Envirnmental Sustainable Transprt Imprvements t Nn Mtrized Transprt (NMT) Nn-mtrized transprt mdes such as walking and cycling are sustainable ptins that cntribute in reducing emissin; reduce fuel cst and a healthy way t travel while reducing rad cngestin. In general pedestrian and cycle facilities are t be imprved prmting envirnmentally sustainable transprt. All existing canal banks t be develped based n the land availability. The vehicle mvement alng canal banks t be discuraged and given pririty fr NMT. The first pririty t be given t pedestrians and secndly t prvide cycle paths where land is available Imprve Facilities fr Pedestrian Walking is an essential mde f transprt. New and imprved pedestrian facilities enable greater access and mbility within ur cmmunities. A pedestrian-friendly envirnment plays an imprtant rle in encuraging walking as a mde f travel, and this has prven health and envirnmental benefits. Pedestrian facilities r the lack f it is ne f the majr impediments when it cmes t prmting public transprt uses, since the users are incnvenienced by the lack f adequate facilities during the first/last mile f the jurney. Therefre, under this prject, several prjects will be initiated with prviding better facilities fr pedestrians. Imprvements are intended t enhance pedestrian access t transit service by aiding street crssings and prviding mre amenities at bus stps, including landscapes, sidewalks, curb extensins and ramps and imprved street lightings. New and imprved pedestrian facilities prmte walking and prvide greater access and mbility within ur cmmunities. Prviding such facilities will result in increased pedestrian rates, imprved pedestrian facilities alng with a list f accmpanying factrs such as safety, delay and directness. It will reduce carbn ft print, reduce the rad encrachments by vendrs, increase the rad capacity, and enhance the safety f pedestrians. On the ther hand, this is a prerequisite fr develpment f ther transit systems. 95

97 Actin Plan Prvide apprpriate vegetatin/cncrete cver & adequate lighting alng the rads. Prvide street furniture and lighting accrding t the classificatin categry f rads. Imprve the quality f walk ways by prviding cntinuus and intercnnected sidewalks accessible by everyne by designing it. Separate sidewalks frm the rad way using suitable buffer, n street parking, by apprpriate curb r by landscaping between the sidewalk and the radway. Pedestrian safety t be ensured at intersectins thrugh clearly marked crsswalks, verhead bridges /underpass and fences. Pedestrian signals will als be prvided t increase the safety f pedestrians at the crsswalk. Awareness prgrams t be cnducted n hw t use pedestrian crssings at signalized intersectins. Prvisin f pedestrian facilities fr disable peple and relcatin f vendrs frm pedestrian areas t alternative lcatins has t be dne immediately t accmmdate the abve imprvements. The prject will cmmence within the next ne year, and will be carried ut ver a perid f 2 years. The estimated cst f the prject is 7.09 millin USD. Respnsible Agencies: Lcal Authrities/ RDA/ UDA Encuragement f Bicycle use and Intrductin f Cycle/Mtrcycle Paths New cycle paths will be cnstructed t encurage cycling. These paths will be cnnected t rail and bus terminals which are equipped with park and ride facilities. Mst peple can walk r cycle, althugh many cannt use these mdes fr transprtatin because they live in autmbile-dependent areas. Prgrams that prmte cycling and walking t be cmmenced increasing public acceptance and supprt f nn-mtrized travel. This will result in shifts frm 96

98 driving t cycling r walking which will reduce traffic cngestin, rad and parking facility csts and envirnmental impacts, and increase cmmunity liveability and imprved public health. Such actin n the ther hand will reduce carbn ft print and save fuel cst fr individuals and fr the cuntry. Upn prvisin f these facilities it will prmte park and ride facilities at railway statins. Actin Plan Prvisin f apprpriate vegetatin cver r paved areas at either side f the rads Prvisin f separate lane fr bicycle/mtr Cycles alng the canal banks. Prpsed traces fr bicycle and mtrcycle paths are as fllws. Figure 23: Pedestrian & Cycling paths Respnsible Agencies: Lcal Authrity/RDA/UDA The feasibility study fr this prject is expected t cst apprximately USD 1.42 millin and will be carried ut ver a perid f tw years. 97

99 7.4.2 Reductin f vehicle emissin With the increase f air pllutin in urban areas the requirement f cntrlling vehicle emissin has becme an imprtant requirement f the cuntry. Since Western Prvince is highly cngested and plluted it is imprtant t take necessary actins t reduce the vehicle emissins. Under this prject, the Western Regin and Megaplis develpment plan will take the necessary initiatives t prvide slutins t these prblems. Upn these interventins, it will result in reducing transprt csts, such as fuel bills and vehicle tax, by chsing vehicles that are mre envirnmentally friendly and using them mre efficiently. Such initiatives will result in reduced sickness absence, increased staff Retentin and imprved lcal air quality. This will imprve the public health especially in schl children and help t reduce glbal warming. Immediate actins will be taken t intrduce higher quality fuel and catalytic cnvertrs fr vehicles. The vehicle emissin standards will be reviewed yearly. Analysis f past emissin test data is mandatry and hence, steps will be taken t cnserve these test data. As anther step, initiatives will be taken t facilitate LNG use fr three wheelers and taxies as a medium term measure. Intrductin f a mnitring system will be dne immediately t maintain the laid dwn standards. Actin Plan Intrductin f higher quality fuel and catalytic cnvertrs fr vehicles Revisin f vehicle emissin standards yearly Cnservatin f test data based n the analysis f past emissin test data Facilitate LNG use fr three wheelers and taxies Intrductin f a mnitring system t maintain the laid dwn standards Identificatin f Envirnmentally Sustainable vehicles thrugh test data analysis Revisin f taxatins in rder t discurage high level f emissin vehicles 98

100 This prject is scheduled t cmmence within the next 6 mnths t 3 years, spearheaded by the Department f Mtr Traffic and the Central Envirnmental Authrity. The prject is expected t cst 0.71 millin USD. It will be implemented ver a perid f ne year Minimizing Fuel Usage Currently a high prtin f the cuntry s freign exchange is spent n t fuel purchasing (US $ 289 Millin in 2015, nearly 17% f ttal imprts). There exists the risk related t fuel price fluctuatins and uncertainty surrunding a future envirnmental plicy. Therefre, this prject will encurage peple t use mre public transprt, trip planning and create awareness n requirements f minimizing f fuel usage. Upn these interventins, it is pssible t manage the risk related t fuel price fluctuatins and uncertainty surrunding a future envirnmental plicy. These interventins will result in ecnmic benefits achieved thrugh less fuel usage, less envirnmental impact due t less utput f CO2, encurage mre users fr public transprt systems, gain ecnmic benefits t the cuntry and will reduce air pllutin significantly. Under this prject, immediate actins will be taken t reduce taxes fr electric and hybrid vehicles while increase taxes fr ther cars. Initiatives will be taken immediately t discurage vehicles having pr emissin standards. Analysis f past emissin test data will be used fr this. As a medium term measure, a plicy will be intrduced t remve pr cnditined vehicles frm the rads and measures will be taken t encurage walkways and bicycle users. Actin Plan Reduce taxes fr electric and hybrid vehicles while increase taxes fr ther cars Intrductin f Plicies t remve pr cnditined vehicles Encuragement f walkways and bicycles Respnsible agencies: RDA/Lcal Authrities/DMT 99

101 7.4.4 Supply f Cmpressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Establish Electric Charging Facilities fr Buses and Other Vehicles At present almst all busses and ther vehicles in the Western Regin Metrplitan area cnsume diesel and petrl. This has caused high level f air pllutin in the regin psing adverse impacts t the envirnment and t the human health. Use f CNG and electricity as a surce f fuel will reduce the pllutin levels. There is an evidence f finding gas depsits in Indian cean within the Sri Lankan territry and can be utilized mre effectively by cnverting these vehicles in t CNG. This prcess will create healthy human life in the Western Prvince. During the implementatin prcess, first and fre mstly Identificatin f suitable lcatins t stre CNG is a priritized need. Then next suitable lcatins shuld be identified fr the gas cnversin prcess t be taken place. Charging centre lcatins shuld be identified parallel t this. Mrever, purchasing necessary equipment and machinery and the technician trainings shuld be cnducted fr a better implementatin. In the prcess f delivering gas, a prper netwrk shuld be established and well maintained. Actin Plan Identificatin f suitable lcatins t CNG strage Identificatin f lcatins fr the gas cnversin prcess t be taken place Identificatin f charging centre lcatins Purchasing necessary equipment and machinery and the technician trainings Establishment f a prper netwrk fr the delivery prcess f gases The prject is expected t be implemented within the next 3 years. It will be cmpleted within 2 years f cmmencement. 100

102 8 Implementatin Plan The Western Regin Megaplis Planning Prject will ensure a sustainable transprt system with higher mbility, cnnectivity and new transprt mde chices fr the cmmuters enhancing a friendly and peaceful envirnment. The prjects will be implemented in the areas f Transprt Demand Management (TDM), Public Transprt Imprvements (PTI), Rad Infrastructure Develpment (RID) and Envirnmentally Sustainable Transprt (EST). Imprvement f transprt plicy is als an imprtant requirement which needs t be cnsidered parallel t the implementatin f identified prjects. Prjects cmmencement perid is identified under 4 stages namely immediately (within 6 Mnths), shrt term (6 mnths t 3 years), medium term (3 years t 5 years) and lng term (Beynd 5 years). The prerequisites fr certain prjects are als being identified in prpsals s that fulfilment f prerequisites will ensure the smth implementatin f new prject and acceptance f new prjects by transprt peratrs and users. Sme shrt term prjects may take medium t lng term t cmplete the cnstructins and cmmence peratins. Prject cmmencement perid are listed as fllws. The PID Ref. Number is in reference t the prjects identified in dcument Develpment Prjects and included in Appendix

103 8.1 Prjects t be Cmmenced Immediately (within 6 mnths) PID Ref. Number Prject Traffic Demand Management Traffic enfrcement thrugh CCTV mnitring Widening and Imprvements f Intersectins with signal timing updates Imprvement f Traffic Flws based n Identified Interventins Implementatin f "Parking Metering System" Develpment f Parking management system, Pricing mechanism, and enfrcing time limited parking Prvisin f verflw parking facilities fr lng distance private buses Outsurce the twing f unauthrized parking Prvisins fr ff street parking fr 3-wheelers Study n Flexible wrking hurs and implementatin Public Transprt Imprvements Feasibility Study f Rapid Transit fr all identified lines. Estimated Prject Cst (US$ in Millins) Prject Duratin Remarks 25 1 Year Need t develp the plicy dcuments with regards t enfrcement thrugh CCTV camera detectin 4 1 Year 20 1 Year mnths Extend t areas beynd the rads implemented by CMC 1 1 Year Year Mnths Mnths Mnths Year Green Line (RTS1) Yellw Line (RTS2) Red Line (RTS3) Purple Line (RTS4) Brella Malabe Pink Line (RTS5) Malabe Kttawa Olive Line (RTS6) Malabe Kaduwela Ash Line (RTS7) 102

104 1.1.1 Feasibility n Railway Electrificatin& Mdernizatin - Panadura Plgahawela Line (RL- M1) Implementatin f Inland Water Transprt n: Wellawatta Battaramulla Trace (IW1) Feasibility Study n Inland Water Year Transprt n: Frt Unin Place Trace (IW2) Mattakkuliya Hanwella Trace (IW3) Restructure f Public Bus Service Year Intrduce New Schl Transprt Service Rad Infrastructure Develpment Expressway Cnstructin: Central Expressway Expressway cnstructin: Ruwanpura Expressway Detailed Design and Implementatin n Expressway cnstructin-: Elevated rad Frm New Kelani Bridge t Clmb Prt Feasibility Study f Rad Capacity Imprvements n: Hrana-Meerigama Ja-ela-Meerigama Feasibility Study f Missing Links n: Marine Drive Extensin Baseline Extensin Duplicatin Rad extensin Study n Expressway Capacity Imprvements- Envirnmental Sustainability Prvisin f separate lanes f bicycles/mtr cycles Feasibility Study Year Extend the ADB funded feasibility up t Plgahawela Year Feasibility and Detailed Designs Available Year Immediate cmmencement f Feasibility study and frmulatin f plicy dcuments Years Cst nly fr the sectin within the Western Regin Years Cst nly fr the sectin within the Western Regin years Year Year year Intrductin f ETC system, review existing tlls, analyse new demand n the expressways Years 103

105 8.2 Prjects t be Cmmenced in Shrt Term (6 mnths 3 years) PID Ref. Number Prject Traffic Demand Management Upgrade signal lights at Intersectins Develpment f a traffic cntrl centre with real time traffic management Radway and intersectin widening and recnstructin Prvisin f ff street parking facilities Public Transprt Imprvements Implementatin f Railway Electrificatin& Mdernizatin: Panadura Plgahawela Line (RL-M1) 110km (cst fr 85km in Western Prvince) Mdernizatin f Public Transprt System in Western Regin Imprvement f Facilities at Suburban Interchange Bus Terminals and Stands Establishment f Transprt Infrmatin Analysis and disseminatin Centre Feasibility, Detailed Design and Implementatin f New Rail Lines: Kttawa Hrana Line (RL- NR1) 22km Feasibility Study f Railway Electrificatin& Mdernizatin n: Estimated Prject Cst (US$ in Millins) Prject Duratin Remarks Year Imprvements f Intersectins is a prerequisite fr this prject Years Upgrading and Synchrnizing f traffic lights is a prerequisite 50 2 Years Years 1,190 4 Years Years Replacement f fleet t start within 6 mnths Years 2 2 Years Years Feasibility cmpleted fr the trace t be extended fr Electrificatin Year Kelani Valley line (RL-M3) Ragama Negmb line (RL- M2) Kelaniya Ksgama Freight Line (RL-NR2) 104

106 1.1.1 Implementatin f Railway Electrificatin& Mdernizatin: Kelani Valley line (RL-M3) 60km Detailed Design and Implementatinf Rapid Transit System n : Green Line (RTS1) -15km (Frt Kllupitiya-Bambalapitiya- Brella-Unin Place- Maradana) Detailed Design and Implementatinf Rapid Transit System n : Purple Line (RTS4) Brella Malabe 10km Detailed Designs and Implementatin f Multimdal Transprt Hub at Frt/Pettah Develpment f IT based smart taxi service Rad Infrastructure Develpment Implementatin f Rad imprvements t Existing Rads Detailed Design and Implementatin: Hrana Meerigama Rad Feasibility, detailed design and Implementatin f Missing Links: Baseline rad Extensin Detailed design and Implementatin f Missing Links: Years Years years years Year Years 58 3 Years 40 3 Years 18 2 Years Marine Drive extensin Right f way plicy - Relcatin f Years unauthrized Peple Feasibility Study f Expressway Year cnstructin -: Elevated highway frm New Kelani Bridge t Pre via Battaramulla Envirnmental Sustainability Imprvement f Pedestrian facilities Years Reductin f vehicle emissin Year Supply f Cmpressed Natural gas Years (CNG) and establish electric charging facilities fr buses and ther vehicles 105

107 8.3 Prjects t be Cmmenced in Medium Term (3 5 years) PID Ref. Number Prject Public Transprt Imprvements Implementatin f Railway Electrificatin& Mdernizatin: Ragama Negmb line (RL- M2) Detailed Design and Implementatin f Rapid Transit System n: Yellw Line (RTS2)-11.5km Frt- Maradana- Mattakkuliya/Peliyagda Detailed Design and Implementatinf Rapid Transit System n: Pink Line (RTS5) Malabe Kttawa 9.6km Detailed Design and Implementatin Inland Water Transprt - Frt Unin Place Trace (IW2) Detailed Design and Implementatin Inland Water Transprt - Mattakkuliya Hanwella Line (IW3) Develpment f Multimdal Centres Estimated Prject Cst (US$ in Millins) Prject Duratin Years Years years 5 1 Year 60 2 years years Remarks Kaduwela Kadawatha Kttawa Hrana Panadura Negmb Gampaha Ragama Awissawella Mratuwa Meerigama 106

108 Rad Infrastructure Develpment Rad Capacity imprvement Detailed design and Implementatin: Ja-ela Divulapitiya Rad Detailed design and Implementatin f Missing Links: 20 2 Years 11 2 Years Duplicatin rad extensin 8.4 Prjects t be Cmmenced Lng Term (mre than 5 years) PID Ref. Number Prject Traffic Demand Management Rad pricing f entry rads t CBD (Central Business District) Public Transprt Imprvements Detailed Design and Implementatin f Rapid Transit System n: Red Line (RTS3) 10km- Dematagda-Brella- Kirulapne-Havelck City- Bambalapitiya Detailed Design and Implementatinf Rapid Transit System n: Olive Line (RTS6) Malabe - Kaduwela 6km Detailed Design and Implementatin f Rapid Transit System n: Ash Line (RTS7) 13km Peliyagda- Kelaniya-Kiribathgda-Mahara- Kadawatha Detained design and Implementatin f New Rail Line n: Kelaniya Ksgama Line (RL-NR2) 30km Rad Infrastructure Develpment Detailed Design and Implementatin f Expressway Estimated Prject Cst (US$ in Millins) Prject Duratin Remarks 19 2 Years Public Transprt Imprvement in CBD has t be cmpleted Years Years Years years Years 107

109 cnstructin -: Elevated highway frm New Kelani Bridge t Pre Detailed design and Implementatin Rad Capacity imprvement : 57 2 Years Negmb Divulapitiya- Meerigama Rad The summary f the abve investments identified by each sectr fr each cmmencement perid is shwn belw in Table 4. Table 3: Financial Cst f Prjects by Sectr by Prject Cmmencement Perid The summary csts shw that the ttal prject csts fr the Megaplis study is 11.5 billin USD which is similar in ttal t MT/UM ttal f 11.1 billin USD. The investment f the Megaplis is spread acrss all mdes with 67% is spent n public transprt and 29% n rad infrastructure imprvements. Out f the 67% n public transprt, 31% is spent n RTS, 27%n railway, 6% n bus mdernizatin and rest spread acrss imprvements f water transprt, multimdal transprt facilities and para transit imprvements. The investment prpsed reflects a public transprt intensive develpment and develpment f multimdal netwrk develpment acrss the CMR alng crridrs and in between crridrs as well. 108

110 9 Assessment f Transprt Master Plan 9.1 Transprt Demand Mdelling and Analysis The analysis f the transprt master plan was achieved thrugh a transprt demand mdelling exercise. The JICA STRADA mdel that was develped fr the CMTrans study was used with its full capacity. The mdel is based n a traditinal fur step mdel which cmprises trip generatin, trip distributin. Mde split and assignment. The same mdel has been used in the previus master plan studies by bth JICA in the CMTrans study and by MT/UM in the masterplan review. The mde chice cmpnent in this exercise is the mst critical step, cnsidering the study been an analysis f peple chsing the mde t travel with imprvements t cnditin f travel fr private and public transprt mdes. While CMTrans study has used the cmplete mdel, MT/UM has mitted the mde chice cmpnent. MT/UM have used fixed diversin rates, 10% frm cars, 30% frm mtr cycles and 20% frm three wheelers t public transprt based when public transprt is imprved irrespective its speed, capacity f service quality in the future. It reflects that peple wh will shift in the abve percentage when the new mde is intrduced will remain the same even when the speed r quality f service reduces. It is practically incnsistent, as the delivery f service changes with increase f passengers and change f speeds and peple respnd t the changes and make decisins in the future based n such changes. Such rigid assumptin can lead t writing the answer and always avided in transprt mdelling exercises. The reasn fr using such rigid assumptin was given as nn-availability f CUBE Vyager sftware which UM claims was required t cmplete the mde chice cmpnent. Hwever, CUBE mdel was nly required fr editing the rigin destinatin matrices but nt fr mde chice mdelling which the current team was able t successfully cmplete withut the CUBE sftware, therefre the mde chice mdel missin by UM in the analysis is questinable. The demand frecasting using the STRADA mdel was cmpleted under several prject scenaris fr the analysis years 2020, 2025 and The key perfrmance indices (KPI) were develped and cmpared with a D-Nthing Scenari (DNS) which included all nging prjects. The DNS was cnsidered fr each future year as the base case t identify the indirect benefit fr the ecnmic analysis. DNS was als selected as the base case in MT/UM study where it identified that it presents a gd starting pint t determine the best prject althugh DNS inflates the benefit since any interventin becmes a slutin. It is vital that a master 109

111 plans study prvides a slutin fr the entire analysis perid. The key difference in the current study is that selectin f prjects is based n prviding transprtatin infrastructure supply fr the demand fr travel. This is cntrastingly different frm MT/UM study where the analysis has been based n ecnmic analysis. The main reprt and the technical reprt des nt have any reference t detail demand fr the transprt netwrk by different mdes apart frm aggregate statistics such as passenger kms and passengers hur etc. Therefre demand by each mde by sectins cannt be cmpared between the tw studies. The ecnmic analysis was dne t evaluate the ecnmic indicatins fr the prject scenaris selected. Hwever, it shuld be nted that the csts that are cnsidered fr the prjects are based n aggregate csting such as per km, which can have variatins with the detail designs. A detailed ecnmic and financial analysis will be required at individual prject feasibilities t ascertain the true ecnmic feasibility f the prjects.. The fllwing scenaris were analysed with different implementatin methdlgy f prjects identified in the masterplan as utlined in Table 4. Scenari 1: D-Nthing Scenari (DNS) fr Year 2020 Scenari 2: Case A (Prject Case) fr Year 2020 Scenari 3: D-Nthing Scenari (DNS) fr Year 2025 Scenari 4: Case A fr Year 2025 Scenari 5: Case B (Prject Case) fr Year 2025 Scenari 6: Case C fr Year 2025 Scenari 7: D-Nthing Scenari (DNS) fr Year 2035 Scenari 8: Case A fr Year 2035 Scenari 9: Case B fr Year 2035 Scenari 10: Case C fr Year 2035 Scenari 11: Case D (Prject Case) fr Year 2035 Scenari 12: Case E fr Year

112 Table 4: Prject Scenaris fr Transprt Demand Analysis The summary f the STRADA mdelling utputs fr each f the scenaris utlined abve is prvided in term f fllwing parameters fr measurement f KPI fr the entire multimdal transprt system and perfrmance acrss the CMR which cnsistent with the analysis f Mt/UM study. Scenari Described in abve Ttal trips per day ttal estimated trips by each mde fr each year in the CMR Ttal Public transprt trips Ttal Car trips Ttal mtr cycle (MC) trips Ttal three wheeler (3W) trips Ttal Truck Trips Vehicle km per day - Ttal daily vehicle kms estimated t be made by each mde in the CMR. 111

113 Passenger km per day Ttal number f passenger km estimated t be made per day in the CMR. Trip length the average trip length in km Passenger hrs per day the ttal number f passenger hurs spent in transprt per day in CMR. Average speed- the Average speed by mde within the CMR. Capital Cst- The capital csts f prpsed interventins. The system cst is the ttal estimated transprt cst per year in the CMR made up fr the cst cmpnents. Vehicle Operating Csts Speed based perating csts fr rad based n Natinal Planning Department (NPD) 6, Cst f LRT and railway frm CMTrans study Value f Time Csts values determined by NPD in 1999 and updated and used in Clmb Metrplitan Regin Transprt Master Plan (MT/UM Study). Accident Csts - values determined by NPD in 1999 and updated and used in Clmb Metrplitan Regin Transprt Master Plan (MT/UM Study). Emissin Csts - values determined by NPD and updated and used in Clmb Metrplitan Regin Transprt Master Plan (MT/UM Study). Cst per passenger km The ttal system cst divided by the passenger km travelled by all mtrised mdes prviding the average cst f transprting ne passenger km. The fllwing scenaris were cnsidered as prject scenaris fr future years 2020, 2025 and 2035 and were used fr further analysis and detail demand utputs. Scenari 2: Case A (Prject Case) fr Year 2020 Scenari 5: Case B (Prject Case) fr Year 2025 Scenari 11: Case D (Prject Case) fr Year 2035 The prject Case D in year 2035 cmprise all f the interventins and Case A in year 2020 and Case B in year 2025 are intermediate level f cmpletin f the prject as utlined in the master plan. The aggregate utputs f demand mdel fr d nthing and prject scenaris 6 Natinal Planning Department (1999), Assessment f Capital Prjects in Transprt Sectr, edited by Kumarage, Gunaruwan et al 112

114 are given in Table 5, while the cmplete list f utputs fr all the scenaris are given in Appendix 5. Table 5: Aggregate Outputs f Demand Mdel fr Prject scenaris 113

115 9.1.1 Mdel Outputs fr Prject Case (Case A) fr Year 2020 The demand mdel utputs fr the prject case A fr year 2020 shws that the public transprt share in terms f trips within CMR wuld increase t 59% with the prpsed interventins. The share wuld be 61% in terms f passenger kms. The average dr t dr public transprt speeds will increase t 24 km/h and the private will increase t 37km/h. The average trip length with reduce t 5.9km fr all mtrized vehicles, which is due t distributin f ppulatin, emplyment and ther services based n Megaplis structure plan which shws an effective land use planning exercise. The public transprt passenger vlumes by the 4 mdes, bus, rail, RTS and water is shwn in Figure 26 while the cmplete set f maps is attached in Appendix 5. The maximum sectin vlume fr rail with the electrificatin f Panadura Plgahawela line is estimated as 434,000 passengers per day between Ragama and Dematagda which cmes t arund 23,000 passengers per hur per directin (pphpd). The sectin wuld have 3 tracks f which 2 tracks culd be used fr peak directin. The maximum passenger demand fr RTS with RTS 1 and RTS4 been peratinal is estimated as 190,000 passengers per day at the sectin between Punchi Brella and Hspital Junctin which cmes t arund 9,400 pphpd. A ttal f 2.1 millin passengers are expected t be carried by railway per day within CMR while RTS is t carry 0.7 millin passengers Mdel Outputs fr Prject Case (Case B) fr Year 2025 The demand mdel utputs fr the prject case B fr year 2025 shws that the public transprt share in terms f trips within CMR wuld be maintained at 59% with the prpsed interventins. The share wuld increase t 62% in terms f passenger kms. The average dr t dr public transprt speeds will increase further t 25 km/h and the private will reduce slightly t 35 km/h. The average trip length will remain at 5.9km fr all mtrized vehicles. The public transprt passenger vlumes by the 4 mdes, bus, rail, RTS and water is shwn in Figure 27 while the cmplete set f maps is attached in Appendix 5. The maximum sectin vlume fr rail with the all 248 km f railway electrificatin been cmpleted is estimated as 539,000 passengers per day between Ragama and Dematagda which cmes t arund 29,000 passengers per hur per directin (pphpd). The maximum passenger demand fr RTS with RTS 1 t RTS6 been peratinal is estimated as 333,000 passengers per day at the sectin between Brella and Punchi Brella which cmes t arund 15,000 pphpd. A ttal f

116 millin passengers are expected t be carried by railway per day within CMR while RTS is t carry 2.1 millin passengers Mdel Outputs fr Prject Case (Case D) fr Year 2035 The demand mdel utputs fr the prject case B fr year 2035 shws that the public transprt share in terms f trips within CMR wuld be maintained at 59% with the prpsed interventins. The share wuld als maintain at 62% in terms f passenger kms. The average dr t dr public transprt speeds will be maintained at 25 km/h and the private will reduce further t 32 km/h which is still an acceptable service level. The average trip length will remain at 5.9km fr all mtrized vehicles. The public transprt passenger vlumes by the 4 mdes, bus, rail, RTS and water is shwn in Figure 28 while the cmplete set f maps is attached in Appendix 5. The maximum sectin vlume fr rail with the n additinal imprvements is estimated as 605,000 passengers per day between Ragama and Dematagda which cmes t arund 32,000 passengers per hur per directin (pphpd) where a maximum capacity f 60,000 pphpd is available with 2 tracks available fr peak directin. The maximum passenger demand fr RTS with additinal RTS7 been peratinal is estimated as 499,000 passengers per day at the sectin between Peliyagda and Maradana with passengers n Kandy crridr been served with the RTS which cmes t arund 27,000 pphpd. A ttal f 3.1 millin passengers are expected t be carried by railway per day within CMR while RTS is t carry 3.2 millin passengers. 115

117 A Figure 26: Public Transprt Passenger Demand by Mde fr Year

118 Figure 27: Public Transprt Passenger Demand by Mde fr Year

119 Figure 28: Public Transprt Passenger Demand by Mde fr Year

120 9.2 Ecnmic Analysis An ecnmic analysis was cnducted fr each phases f prjects by taking D Nthing Scenari (DNA) as the base case fr three different prject scenaris cmprised f different time perids and prject elements. The framewrk f the analysis is as fllws; Discunt rate A discunt rate f 6% is cnsidered t estimate the present value f benefits. Prject time perids Three time perids and the respective prject elements were cnsidered in the ecnmic analysis. Each f them is cmprised f a DNS and a Prject Case. DNS reflects the status f the transprt system in terms f system csts in the absence f any interventin in the transprt infrastructure and service imprvement. A prject case represents a bundle f infrastructure imprvements planned fr the respective year as utlines in Table 4 in sectin 9.1. The reprt presents nly three prject cases, namely Prject Case A in 2020, Case B in 2025 and Case D in 2035 against their respective DN scenaris. Benefits f the prjects are derived as cst savings frm Vehicle Operating Csts (VOC), Value f Time (VOT) (travel time savings), accident cst (ACC Cst), and Emissin cst (EMM cst) in selected prject cases against DN scenaris fr the respective time perids, 2020, 2025 and The fllwing equatins were used t estimate the annual ttal system csts cmpnents bth in DN scenari and each prject case. Ttal VOC/km = Vehicle KM daily*317 days * VOC per km fr each mde VOT = Passenger hurs (daily) * 317 days* VOT f each mde Accident cst per vehicle km= Vehicle KM (daily) * 317*average accident csts f all mdes Emissin csts = Vehicle KM (daily)*317*emissin cst fr each mdes The unit csts fr VOC, VOT, Accident Cst and Emissin cst were taken frm Clmb Metrplitan Regin Transprt Master Plan f Ministry f Internal Transprt (2015) and are shwn in Table 6, Table 7 and Table

121 Table 6: Operatinal Cst Estimates (Rs/hr, Rs/km) 7 Table 7: Cst f Accidents (Rs) 6 7 Clmb Metrplitan Regin Transprt Master Plan, Technical Appendix, MT,

122 Table 8: Cst f Air Emissins (Rs/km) 6 The System csts were calculated fr each scenari and the cst savings were identified as shwn in Table 9. In the calculatin f yearly csts savings, 317 days were cnsidered instead f 365 days. It is primarily because transprt mdelling is fr a typical weekday and travel patterns during the weekend are cnsiderably different. By cnsidering reduced number f days per year csts savings frm each DN and Prject case is als undervalued. Table 9: Summary f Cst Savings fr DNS and Prject Cases Capital csts f the prjects cmprises f three phases fr each prject year cnsidered given in Table 10. Table 10: Capital Cst f Prjects by Time Perid 121

123 Benefit cst analysis is cnducted fr each prject cases by taking the perating perid up t the next prject case. Fr instance, the csts and benefits are discunted up t 2025, which the benefit and the csts f prject Case B in year 2025cmmence. This is primarily due t the fact that csts savings (benefits) f prject case B are accrued due t the implementatin f prject case A. The same applies t prject case D in The vehicle km grwth rate and traffic grwth rate fr the perating perid is disregarded and hwever a grwth factr f 2% fr the year 2020 t 2025 and a grwth factr f 1% was applied t the perid frm 2025 t The discunt rate f 6% is applied in the calculatin f present values f csts and benefits. The utput f the Benefit Cst Analysis is presented in the Table 11 belw. Table 11: Benefit Cst Analysis - NPV, EIRR and BC Rati Fr the Prject Case A, cnsidering an peratin f 5 year perid, the BC rati is 1.32, hwever, indicating a psitive net present value f Rs 217 Billin. Ecnmic Internal Rate f Return (EIRR) is 10.9%, indicating that the prject benefits exactly ffsets csts (NPV = 0) at a discunt rate f 10.9%. Fr the Prject Case B fr year 2025, cnsidering a cmbine peratin f 15 year perid up 2035, the BC rati is 3.41, hwever, indicating a psitive net present value f 3,410 Billin at Ecnmic Internal Rate f Return (EIRR) f 17.6%. 122

124 Fr the all Prject Case D fr year 2035, cnsidering a cmbine peratin f 20 year perid up t 2040, the BC rati is , hwever, indicating a psitive net present value f 5,810 Billin at Ecnmic Internal Rate f Return (EIRR) f 17.9%. In summary all the prject cases are ecnmically feasible and the cmpletin f each prject phases in sequence results in net benefits t the transprt system. 123

125 10 APPENDICES Appendix 01: Immediate Interventins fr Capacity Imprvements Strategy Majr Activity Lead Agency A Minimizing effects A1 Shift Orugdawatta cntainer yard and SLPA due t freight weighing place t the Clmb harbur. vehicle mvements A2 Cntainer in and ut frm harbur shuld be SLPA restrict t night time (in ff peak) A3 Intrduce a dedicated lane fr Cntainer RDA traffic frm Orugdawatta (Dry) Prt t Clmb Prt A4 Restrict the mvement f cntainer traffic Plice cmpletely frm Prt t Orugdawatta between 7-9 am and 5-7 pm t allw ther traffic t mve A5 Identify pssible truck rutes t Prt frm CMC City limits fr all transprt crridrs B Imprving Rad B1 One-way system in Clmb t be reviewed RDA Netwrk Capacity identify lcatins where system can be expanded withut affecting public transprt access B2 Study the pssibility f making Olctt Plice Mawatha and Basitian Mawatha ne way such that all buses can circulate withut having right turns B3 Study the pssibility f making A3 and By Plice/ pass rad neway at Wattala such that there RDA will be n cngestin due t turning f prime mvers B4 Prvide temprary pening t J.D. Fernand RDA/C Mw. Frm Baseline Rad between Welikada MC prisn and Base line railway line nly fr peak hurs B5 Open Bdhiraja Mawatha fr buses t cme UDA Partner Agency UDA Plice CMC SLPA RDA Plice CMC/ WPPTA Plice 124

126 t Olctt Mw. Need t relcate the vendrs B6 Study the pssibility f ne way arrangement RDA n Old Kttawa rad and high level rad, frm kttawa Junctin t pannipitiya Fly ver B7 Cnstruct the Malabe Chandrika RDA Kumarathunga Mawatha (starting frm Sapumal Uyana t Ambatale) B8 Imprve Trringtn Avenue t attract traffic CMC between Baudhalka Mawatha and Thimbirigasyaya Rad C Imprving Rad C1 Allw three lanes n New Kelani Bridge frm RDA Link Capacity Peliyagda up t Kelanitissa Pwer statin C2 Renvate Avissawella ld rad frm RDA Orugdawatta fly ver t Orugdawatta Junctin C3 Study the pssibility f prviding additinal RDA lanes n Baseline rad ver KunuEla by prviding separate bridge fr pedestrians. C4 Refurbished J. D. Fernand Mw., Siridamma CMC Mw. & Annanda Rajakaruna Mw. Frm Btree t Siridamma Mw C5 Widen Malay street, imprve the rad CMC cnditin and prvide safety fences fr Pedestrian paths C6 Accelerate the rehabilitatin f Clmbage CMC Mawatha frm Plhengda Junctin t Nawala C7 Widen the Bridge n Highlevel Rad near RDA Havelck City C8 Widening the bridges frm Ambatale Junctin RDA t KelaniMulla n Lw Level Rad C9 Imprve traffic circulatin at Pamankada CMC RDA Junctin C10 Widen bridges n Marine Drive and RDA Duplicatin Rad ver KirulapanaEla 125

127 D Remval f D1 Identify and remve all bttlenecks between RDA Bttlenecks Paliyagda CKE Interchange and Kelaniya D2 Imprve the bus Bays lcated near RDA Bandaranayake rundabut and clse t Kelanibridge n Baseline Rad D3 Identify and remve bttlenecks n Galle RDA DMMC Rad between William's Junctin and Maliban Junctin D4 Prvide bus bays fr bus stps n Srimav CMC Bandaranayake Mawatha (ppsite Sugathadasa Stadium), Sumanathissa Mw. (frm Sangaraja Rund abund t Igurukade junctin.) D5 Allw U-turning facility fr vehicles at RDA Orugdawatta Junctin, clse t LunawaDewalaya E Imprving E1 Crdinate traffic signals n Baseline Rad RDA Intersectin between Park Rad and Thimbirigasyaya Capacity Rad Junctin after minr imprvements t rad gemetry an install traffic signal at Kswatta Junctin E2 Revised signal timing at Baseline Rad / High RDA Level Rad Junctin after minr junctin imprvement E3 Imprve turning facilities at Brellea Junctin RDA and revised signal timing E4 Re activate traffic signal at Rajagiriya alng RDA with pssible turn prhibitins t minimize disruptins t thrugh traffic n Sri Jayewardenepura Rad E5 Install traffic signal at Kswatta Junctin with RDA minr Junctin imprvements E6 Imprve Jawatta Rad / Buddhalka CMC Mawatha intersectin t facilitate turning traffic 126

128 F Imprve F1 Renvate the underpass at Sedawatta and RDA Pedestrian prvide street lighting system. Facilities F2 Cnstruct pedestrian verhead bridge clse CMC t Bdhiraja Mawatha Pettah F3 Renvate existing underpass fr Pedestrians SLR CMC adjacent t Chief Secretariat Railway statin F4 Imprve pedestrian facilities n Galle Rad RDA DMMC between Williams Junctin and MalibanJunctin F5 Imprve pedestrian facilities n Maradana CMC Rad clser t Maradana and PunchiBrella areas F6 Cnstruct pedestrian verhead bridge fr RDA pedestrian crssing in-frnt f Anula Vidyalaya, Nugegda G Rad User G1 Prvide directinal infrmatin signs at all RDA Infrmatin expressway entrances and exits indicating all Systems clse by destinatins G2 Prvide directinal signbards fr places CMC where drivers have t make decisins regarding the rute changes H Imprving Rad H1 Cnstruct Safety fences fr Pedestrian path CMC Safety frm Frt Railway statin t Gunasinhapura Junctin H2 Lane markings fr main rads in Western CMC RDA Prvince and diamnd shape warning marking fr pedestrian crssings, indicatin f rad signs and Bus rute numbers t be displayed in bus stps. Mark yellw t N parking areas with yellw lines. H3 Develp and maintain rad accident database Plice UOM, with lcatin identificatin facilities NCRS H4 Develp data sharing mechanism amng Plice, Custm Plice Department, Cmmissin f Mtr DMT s Traffic, Custms and Natinal Identity Card 127

129 Office H5 Review and adjust signal heads especially where arrw signal fr turning is given alng with pedestrian signals H6 Upgrade data strage system fr plice vehicles accrding t the mdern technlgy. I Emergency Access J1 Prvide emergency vehicle turning facility between Brella cemetery and DMT ffice J Minimizing K1 Re assign bus rutes fr different bus Cngestin in terminals in Pettah until the prpsed Twn Areas integrated transprt terminal cm int peratin K2 Re align Kttawa Junctin rundabut with traffic signal cntrl K3 Shift Maharagama Bus stand t Arpic land and cnstruct pedestrian verhead bridge t railway statin P Parking Management P1 Clearly indicate n parking areas and strictly enfrce parking restrictins alng all main rads P2 Identify suitable places fr three wheeler parking near junctins P3 Identify suitable places fr schl van parking within Clmb P4 Appint a separate team t remve the breakdwns and unauthrized parking r blcking vehicles (twing) RDA, CMC Plice RDA NTC RDA RDA / SLRC RDA Plice CMC RDA / CMC UOM CMC,D MMC,SJ MC RDA DOE 128

130 Appendix 02: List f CCTV Camera Lcatin fr Law enfrcement and Traffic Management Lcatin Traffic Management Law enfrcement & Surveillance Camera Type Autmated Number Plate Recgnitin (ANPR) / Law Enfrcement Ttal Camera 1. HandalaHunupitiya Rd-Hekitta Rd Junctin HandalaHunupitiya Rd-Handala Rd Junctin Kadirana Bridge Mattakkuliya frm Rd.- Mattakkuliya church Rd junctin (Mattakkuliya) Mattakkuliya frm Rd.- Vystwyke Rd Junctin ( Mattakkuliya) 6. Mattakkuliyacenter Rd- St. Mary s Rd junctin Mattakkuliya Church Rd- St. Mary s Ln. junctin Mattakkuliya church Rd Fergusn s Rd Junctin ( Mattakkuliya) 9. Mdara St. Vystwyke Rd. Dr. S.D. Fernand Mv.Junctin (Mattakkuliya) MattakkuliyaRassamullakanda MdaraAluthMawatha. Sri PannanandaMv. junctin Mdara St. Madampitiya Rd Junctin MdaraAluthMawatha -Madampitiya Rd Junctin MdaraMadampitiya Rd K. Cyril C. Perera Mv. Junctin Madampitiya Junctin ( Madampitiya Rd Jayanthamallimarachchi Rd) 16. Thtalaga Junctin Sedawatta Ambathale Rd. Nagalam St. Junctin Thtalaga Bridge Nawalka Rundabut Negmb Clmb Rd-New Nuge Rd junctin Negmb Clmb Rd-Katunayake Expressway Junctin Negmb Clmb Rd-AvariwaththaHunupitiya Rd junctin 23. Negmb Clmb Rd-Hekitta Rd Junctin Negmb Clmb Rd-Church Rd Junctin Negmb Clmb Rd-Old Negmb RD Junctin Negmb Clmb Rd-Hunupitiya Railway Statin Rd Junctin 27. Negmb Clmb Rd-Handala Rd Junctin Negmb Clmb Rd-MuthurajaMv Junctin Negmb Clmb Rd-Ragama Rd Junctin ( Mahabage

131 Junctin) 30. Kalani Kandy Bridge Clmb Kandy Rd Biyagama Rd Junctin Clmb Kandy Rd New Nuge Rd Junctin Clmb Kandy Rd Statin Rd Junctin (Pattiya Junctin) Clmb Kandy Rd Wanawasala Rd Waragda Rd Junctin 35. Clmb Kandy Rd Clmb Katunayake Expressway Junctin ( Thrana Junctin) 36. Clmb Kandy Rd Bulugaha Junctin Clmb Kandy Rd Tyre Crpratin Junctin ( Tyre Junctin) 38. Clmb Kandy Rd sarasavimv Junctin Clmb Kandy Rd KiribathgdaHunupitiya Rd Junctin ( Hunupitiya Junctin) 40. Clmb Kandy Rd Kiribathgda Junctin Clmb Kandy Rd- JinadasaNandasenaMv junctin MdaraMuthuwellaMv St. Jame s Street Junctin H. Je Perera Mv- St Jame s Street Junctin Wall s Ln K. Cyril C. Perera Mv. Junctin (Mdara) Ibbagewatta Junctin SirimavBandaranayakeMv jayanthamallimaarachchimv. Junctin 47. Ingurukade Junctin Bandaranayake Rundabut H. Je Perera Mv. Cllege Street Junctin-Ktahena Ktahena Cllege Street Mayfield Rd Ktahena Street Junctin 51. KtahenaWasala Rd St Benadict s St. Blemendhal Ln Junctin 52. Hettiyawaththa Junctin Oppsite St. Anthny s Church - ktahena K.B. Christie Perera Mv. New chatty St. Junctin ( Ktahena) 55. Ktahena rundabut K.B. Christie Perera Mv. Gerge R. De Silva Mv. Junctin K.Cyril C. Perera Mv.-Arthur de silva Mv. Junctin (Near Sugathadasa Stadium ) 58. Jethawana Rd. Parackrama Rd. Junctin Kswatta Junctin ( Stace Rd St.Jsep s St.- M. Vincent pereramv Junctin) 60. Orugdawatta Junctin Awissawella Rd-Meettamulla Rd Junctin Awissawella Rd-SangabthiMv Junctin Awissawella Rd-Klnnawa Rd Junctin Awissawella Rd-Ambagaha Junctin Awissawella Rd-Manigamulla Rd Junctin ( mahabuthgamuwa Junctin) 130

132 66. Awissawella Rd-Buthgamuwa Rd Junctin ( Ktikawatta Junctin) 67. Awissawella Rd-Hspital Rd-Sri SumanaMv Junctin Awissawella Rd-SedawattaAmbatale Rd Junctin Sea beach Rd Sea Street St Anthny s Mv Rundabut- ktahena 70. Sea St. St. Paul s Mv. Junctin Vivekananda Rd. Junctin Mahrf Water tank Rundabut ( MahavidyalayaMv MhmedzainMv. Hussainiya St. Junctin) 73. MahavidyalayaMv.- sangamittamv. Junctin (Ktahena) Amur Bamur Junctin Sri sumanathissamv.- M. Vincent pereramv. Junctin ( Amur Street Junctin (Near Amur Street Plice statin) 76. Sea Beach Rd Market Street Junctin Gaspahahandiya (Gabs Ln. MhmedZainMv.Dam St BdhirajaMv. - Main St. Junctin) 78. Mhamed ZainMv- Saunders Pl- junctin Saunders Pl Dam Street Junctin Dam Street San Sebastian Street - peersaib Street Junctin 81. Hulfsdrp street- Old Mr Street junctin Abdul jabbrmv.- MJM LafeerMv- Quarry Rd Junctin Meeraniya Street Abdul Hameed Street Junctin Meeraniya Street- Sri SumanathissaMv Junctin In frnt Of R. premadasa Stadium ( Maligawatta Ln Khettarama Rd. Junctin) 86. Khettarama temple Rd- Maligawatta Rd (Clmb kandy Rd) Junctin 87. Ingram Junctin Jumma Ms. Junctin ( Clmb Kandy Rd-Maligawatta Rd-Jumma Ms. Rd. Junctin Maligawatta) 89. Sri Sangaraja Junctin Maligawatta In frnt f Curt Cmplex Aluthkade MihiduMv. Halfdrp Street -San Sebastian Hill Junctin Technical Junctin OlcttMv-W E Bastian Mv Junctin Gunasinghapura Junctin Saunders Rd. Junctin ( BdhirajaMv.- Saunders Pl Junctin 96. BdhirajaMv- Bdhiraja Rd Junctin In frnt f CTB Bus stand- OlcttMv Main St.-2 nd Crss St. Junctin Khan Rundabut In frnt f Frt Railway Statin- OlcttMv Yrk Street-Sir Bren JayathilakeMv. Junctin (Frt) Yrk Street-Chatham St.-Lver Chatham St. Junctin Chatham St.-JanadipathiMv. Junctin

133 104. In frnt Of Wrld Trade center NSA Rundabut Ceramic Junctin In Frnt f Slave Island Plice statin (Rundabut) Telecm C.T.O. Junctin In frnt Of Ltus Twer -D.R. WijewardenaMv. Junctin D R WijewardanaMv. In frnt f Central Mail Exchange Gamini Rundabut (T.B. jayahmv.-d.r. WijewardenaMv Junctin 112. Maradana Junctin Maradana Junctin (Ven BaddegamaWimalawansaTherMv.-P.D.S. KularathnaMv. Junctin) 114. Panchkawatta Rd. JayanthaweerasekaraMv. Junctin Between Panchikawatta Rd(JayanthaweerasekaraMv.-Sri Sangaraja Junctin ) 116. JayanthaweerasekaraMv- J A miltn Perera Mv Junctin Dematagda Junctin Dematagda Rd.-Sri DhammaMv. Junctin Kandasami Junctin Baseline Rd Sri NigrdharamaMv. Junctin Ananda Mv-Sri dhammamv. Junctin Welikada Prisn Junctin Ananda RajakarunaMv.- Sri DhammaMv. Junctin Punchibrella Junctin Ananda cllege Junctin Galle face Rundabut Sir MhmedMacan Marker Mv.-Sri UththaranandaMv Junctin ( In frnt f Army Headquarters) 128. Justic Akbar Mv Junctin- Church Street Junctin Slave Island Junctin Vauxhall Street Kew Rd Junctin Vauxhall Street-Dawsn Street Junctin Dr. Clvin R. de silva Mv.- Dawsn St. Junctin Ibbanwala Junctin ( T.B. jayahmv.-dr. Clvin R. de silva Mv. Junctin) 134. T.B. Jaya Mawatha Arnld Rathnayake Mv Junctin Arnld Rathnayake Mv- Ven. BaddegamaWimalawansaTherMv Junctin( Maradana) VenBaddegamaWimalawansaMv Nayana Hspital Junctin 137. Twn Hle In frnt Of General hspital -EW Perera Mv Kynsey Rd EW Perera Mv Junctin Ward place -Kynsey Rd Junctin Ward place -Kynseypl Junctin Kynsey Rd Kynsey Place Junctin

134 143. Kynsey place - Gunarathna Pradeepa Mv Junctin Brrella Crss Rd Gunarathna Pradeepa Mv Junctin In Frnt f lady Ridgeway Hspital Baseline Rd Brella Junctin Ctta Rd Tickell Rd Junctin Kllupitiya Junctin Liberty Rundabut Flwer Rd Junctin Rtunda Garden Sri UththarannadaMv- PereheraMv Junctin 152. Galle Rd- Rtunda Gardens Junctin Galle Rd.-St. Michael s Rd Junctin Kllupitiya NawanMv. Junctin (Sir James pierismv.-nawanmv Junctin) 155. Sir James PierisMv.- Muttaia Rd Junctin Sir James pierismv.-peraheramv Junctin Piththala Junctin Sri uththaranandamv. Michael s Rd rundabut Sri UtharanandaMv-NawanMv junctin Park Street Braybrke place Rundabut SrimathAnagarikaDharmapalaMv. Park St. Junctin WAD RamanayakeMv Hunupitiya Rd Junctin Galle Rd. Deal Place junctin ( Between Bambalapitiya Junctin Kllupitiya ) 164. Galle Rd Alfred Huse Gardens Junctin (Between Bambalapitiya Junctin Kllupitiya ) 165. Marine Drave- Ale Avenue Junctin Marine Drive Lwer Bagathale Rd Junctin R.A. De Mal Mv. Walukarama Rd. Junctin R.A. De Mal Mv.- Bagathale Rd Junctin RAD Mel Mv.- Inner Flwer Rd Junctin Duplicatin Rd. Bulas Junctin - R.A. De Mal Mv High level Rd Philip Gunawardana Rd Junctin ( Near Clmb University) 172. High level Rd prf. Stanley wijesundaramv. Junctin (Near Clmb University) 173. Thummulla Junctin Bambalapitiya Junctin Bagathale Rd Thurstan Rd Junctin Cambridge Place RajakeeyaMv. Junctin ( JOC Junctin) Flwer Rd.-Inter Flwer Rd. Junctin ( Near Prime minister Office) 178. Public Library Rundabut Sir Marcus Fernand Mv.- Cambridge Place Junctin ( In frnt f Museum) Sri Marcus Fernand Mv SrimathAnagarikadharmapalaMv Junctin 181. CWW Kannangara Mv-Independent Ave. Junctin( In frnt

135 f NelumPkuna) 182. NelumPkuna Rundabut Independent Ave. Rundabut WijeramaMv. Dudley Senanayake Mv. Junctin ( Wijerama Junctin) 185. RajakeeyaMv Philip gunawardanamv Junctin Rsmeand place - WijeramaMv Junctin Barnes Place - WijeramaMv Junctin DuddleSennayakeMv- Maitland Crescent Mv Junctin DuddleSennayakeMv Kynsey Rd Junctin Mailland Place Mailland Crescent Junctin R A Senanayake Mv WijerathnaMv Junctin F R Senanayake Mv - CWW Kannangara Mv Junctin BudhalkaMv.-Jawatta Rd. Junctin In frnt f Arcade Independent square BudhalkaMv Independence Ave VidyaMawatha Junctin ( Trringtn Square) 196. CRD clur light Junctin MalalasekaraMv Sarana Rd Junctin ( Near BMICH) BudhalkaMv.- WijeramaMv. Junctin D.S. junctin - Brella Kanaththa Junctin In frnt Of BMICH ( Buddhalka MV.) Devi Balika Junctin ( Mdenfrm) Ayurweda Junctin Between RajagiriyaBrella Rd. Railway Crssing and RuhunukalaMv. (Ctta Rd) 205. Sri Jayawardanapura Rd.- sarana Rd Junctin RajagiriyaBrella Rd- sarana Rd Junctin Welikada Junctin Sri JayawardanaPura Rd-BrrellaRajagiriya Rd-Diyawanna Rd Junctin 209. Sri Jayawardanapura Rd.- Ryal Gardens Junctin Sri Jayawardanapura Rd.- Ktte Rd. Junctin Sri Jayawardanapura Rd.- Ktte Rd. Junctin Parlimant Junctin (Plduwa Junctin ) Kaduwela Rd Sri subuthi Rd Junctin Battaramulla Junctin Parliament Rd Parliament Dr Junctin In frnt f Parliament Grund Junctin ( DenzilkbbekaduwaMv.-Parlimant Rd 217. Pelawatta Junctin PalanThunaHandiya Galle Rd Abdul GaffrMv Junctin Galle Rd Makaram Street Junctin Marine Drive Retreat Rd. Junctin ( In frnt f hly family Cnvent)

136 222. Marine Drive Wellawatta statin Rd Junctin ( Wellawatta Railway Statin ) 223. Marine Drive- Ramakrishna Mv. Junctin Marine Drive Castle Ln Junctin Galle Rd.- Vajira Rd Junctin Galle Rd.- Dr Lester jamesperiesmv. junctin Galle Rd.- Lrenz Rd Junctin RA De Mel MawathaLrensz Rd Junctin Galle Rd.- W.A. Silva Mv. Junctin Galle Rd - Dhammarama Rd Junctin Galle Rd.- RudraMv. Junctin Galle Rd.- Ramakrishna Mv. Junctin Wellawaththa William Junctin Galle Rd.- Aththanayake Rd Junctin Galle Rd.- Waidya Rd Junctin Galle Rd.- Dehiwala Junctin Galle Rd.- Kawdana Rd Junctin Galle Rd.- Htel Rd Junctin Galle Rd.- Watarappala Rd Junctin Galle Rd.- Statin Rd Munt lavinia Galle Rd.- Aththidiya Munt Lavinia Rd R.A.De Mal Mv.- Vajira Rd Junctin R.A.De Mal Mv.- Dr Lester jamesperiesmv. junctin R.A.De Mal Mv.- Dhammaarama Rd. Junctin ( Near St Peter s Cllege) 245. Havelck Rd- KeppetiplaMv Junctin Havelck Rd- Vajira Rd Junctin Havelck Rd-Thimbirigasyaya Junctin Havelck Rd-Dickman Rd Junctin(Dr Lester James PeriesMv) 249. Jawatta Rd - KeppetiplaMv Junctin Thimbirigasyaya Rd-FifeRd Junctin IsipathanaMv- FifeRd Junctin Havelck Rd- park Rd Junctin Park Rd- Park Place Junctin Maya Rundabut Strafrd clur light junctin Highlewel Base line Junctin High-level Rd - Prwarama Rd High-level Rd Balapkuna Rd High-level Rd In frnt f Anula Cllege High-level Rd In frnt Of St. Jseph s girls Schl High-level Rd Nugegda Junctin High-level Rd St. Jseph s Rd Junctin High-level Rd Gamsaba Junctin High-level Rd Delkanda Junctin

137 265. High-level Rd Pathiragda Rd Junctin High-level Rd Wijerama Junctin Parakumba Place Petersn Ln Junctin W.A.Silva Rd-Clmb Hrana Rd Junctin W.A.Silva Rd-Hampden Ln Junctin Pamankada Junctin - Clmb Hrana Rd Clmb Hrana Rd-Balapkuna Rd Junctin Clmb Hrana Rd-Sri Sunandarama Rd Junctin Clmb Hrana Rd-Khuwala Junctin Clmb Hrana Rd-Green Path Junctin Clmb Hrana Rd-Wdland Ave Junctin Clmb Hrana Rd-Pepiliyana Rd Junctin Narahenpita Rd KirimandalaMv Junctin Narahenpita Rd Matha Rd Junctin Narahenpita Junctin ElvitigalaMv-Thimbirigasyaya Rd junctin Thimbirigasyaya Rd BernandSysaMv Junctin Thimbirigasyaya Rd SamarasinghaMv Junctin ElvitigalaMv-Park Rd Junctin ( in frnt f Lanka Hspital) Plhengda Junctin( ElvitigalaMv-viaykumarathungaMv Junctin) Ttal

138 Appendix 03: RTS Rute Frmulatin Methd Intrductin Under the Western Regin Megaplis Planning Prject it was set the tp pririty t mitigate the existing traffic cngestin in the regin and t prvide slutins t the traffic cngestin t be expected in future due t the future develpments under Megaplis Planning Prject. The main cncern under the prject is the CBD (Central Business District) area which was specified by the prject where key develpments are cming in. Ging thrugh the literature t find ut the pssible interventins suggested that an elevated mde f transit is the best due t the unavailability f lands and the very high csts f lands in this area. The ther supprting reasns fr such a system is the aesthetic appearance, cmfrt, ease f access, nt bstructing the existing n rad traffic and hence lw travel time. Having these ideas in mind the Transprt Cmmittee f Megaplis Planning Prject fllwed the fllwing methdlgy t cme up with the best RTS rute t serve the existing and future demand. Selectin f Statins In Clmb CBD map, majr trip generatin pints (Residential areas, apartment buildings and etc.), majr trip attractin pints (ffice cmplexes, schls, recreatinal facilities, transprt ndes, super markets and public places like hspitals and etc.) were marked n a map and the pssible majr statins were selected within the walking distance (500m) f majrity f these trip attractin and generatin pints. The feasibility f setting up a statin such as land availability and security reasns were als cnsidered. This way, the pints where the new RTS shuld g thrugh were selected and marked n a map. 137

139 Figure Selected Pssible RTS Statins Selectin f Rutes The rutes where the RTS shuld fllw cnnecting the identified ndes were selected n a specific prcess. As prpsed RTS is t g elevated, it is suggested t g alng the center median f the rads since the land acquisitin can be minimized. First the pssible cnnectins between the ndes alng the existing rads that are pssible t cnnect were identified and their distances were nted dwn. Then a distance matrix was frmed between the ndes. The matrix is as fllws (distances are in km); Table Distance Matrix

140 The cnstructin cst gverns the feasibility f any prject. Therefre, different aspects related t the cnstructin and implementatin f the prject need t be cnverted t a cst factr. Higher the hardships t be undergne and time taken, higher the cst f the prject and vice versa. Cnstructin f clumns fr the elevated guideway has t be cnstructed n the center median f the rad. Nt all rads have a center median and hence the widening f certain rads needs t be carried ut where land acquisitin is required. This eventually increases the ttal cst f guideway cnstructin. On the ther hand, certain rad sectins have sharp bends where again the cst f cnstructin is cmparatively high. Then each f the abve rad links were assigned a factr depending n the number f bends n the sectin, extent f land that needs t be acquired (depending n the availability f center median) and ther similar aspects. Fr the prject cst t be minimized, the cst f ttal guideway length has t be a minimum. It shuld be pinted ut that nt always the minimum length gives the minimum cst. If the link with the minimum length des nt have a center median r have many sharp curves, the cst f next available minimum length link will be less than that f the minimum length link. Therefre, since we have t select the links with minimum cst, the link lengths were cnverted t a cst dependent equivalent length by multiplying the length frm a factr which accunts the afresaid issues (unavailability f center median, sharp curves) which affects the cst. Accrdingly, each and every identified link was assigned a factr taking the length f unavailability f center median and amunt f sharp bends available alng the link. The factr matrix is as fllws; Table Factr Matrix

141 Then, the available lengths were multiplied by the related factr and anther matrix is frmed where the cells represent the cst equivalent length between any tw ndes. The final matrix is as fllws; Table Final Matrix n factred lengths In rder fr the cst t be a minimum, these ndes have t be cnnected with the links with minimum pssible csts. When these ndes are cnnected thrugh a netwrk thrugh the links with minimum pssible length (cst) between tw ndes and aviding lps within ndes. This is knwn as the minimum spanning tree. Using the abve matrix, this minimum spanning tree was develped fr the identified pssible RTS statins. A rugh sketch f the minimum spanning tree is as fllws; 140

142 Figure Minimum Spanning Tree RTS Netwrk Frm the minimum spanning tree, the RTS netwrk was derived while giving due attentin t the cnstructin and peratinal aspects. Special attentin was given t the pssibility f creating lps and cnnecting links with ther available transprt mdes such as railway and bus transprt. Accrdingly, the fllwing netwrk was develped. 141

143 Figure Develped RTS Netwrk This netwrk was then phased ut t three phases and extended t Battaramulla, Malabe, Kaduwela and Kttawa depending n the requirements f Megaplis structure plan, transprt plan and existing cngestin situatins. Therefre, the phase ut and the extensin are as fllws. 142

144 Figure Phased ut and extended netwrk t the uter cre area The identified lines are; RTS in Central Business District (CBD) Line 1 : Green Line Line 2 : Orange Line Line 3 : Red Line RTS in Suburbs Line 1 : Brella Malabe Line 2 : Malabe Kaduwela Line 3: Peliyagda - Kadawatha 143

145 Appendix 04: Shrt PIDs TRANSPORT RAILWAY ELECTRIFICATION AND MODERNIZATION Unavailability f a reliable, cmfrtable, time saving and safe mde f public transprt system has caused the cmmuters t transfer t their private transprt mdes. Under the Western Regin Megaplis Plan, entire railway system within Western Prvince and beynd will be upgraded, electrified and mdernized t prvide a quality and cmfrtable ride t passengers. This prject will encurage the passengers shift t rail frm ther mdes f transprt. Passengers will get many benefits as; cst saving frm travel time, reductin f rad accidents, reductin f envirnmental emissins, prvide an imprve chice f rail use, imprved statins, statin access, quality f carriages and speed f travel and mdernized ticketing. Prject Cmpnents / Activities Objectives 1. T increase the ridership by Rail 2. T imprve the quality, efficiency and reliability f rail transprt system 3. T imprve passenger facilities Feasibility study Imprvement f tracks t facilitate electrificatin Resettlement and relcatin Upgrading the existing railway statins including ticketing system Upgrading the existing signal system Purchasing new trains Establishment f electrnic train tracking system S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin a) Plgahawela t Panadura (110 km) b) Kelani Valley line c) Negmb line with airprt access Required Land Area Present Situatin Prject Cst Prpsed Financing Methd Methd Prcurement f a) Land is available b) T be estimated and acquired c) T be estimated and acquired Cncepts have been apprved in principle SLR 347,565 mn (US $ 2,397 mn) Freign funding Open cmpetitive Emplyment Abut 2,000 Direct and indirect emplyment Implementatin Medium Term ( ) Perid Remarks: New trains are t be intrduced fr the system and existing trains perating within Western Prvince can be used fr lng distance services 144

146 1.1.2 CONSTRUCTION OF NEW ELECTRIFIED RAILWAY LINES In the present situatin, there exist sme crridrs where the passenger demand has exceeded the capacity f available public bus transprt service. Therefre, under the Western Regin Megaplis Plan, new railway lines will be intrduced t imprve the cnnectivity by rail especially fr high demand areas as Kttawa t Hrana. In additin, new railway line will be intrduced frm Avissawella t Peliyagda t facilitate the freight transprt and imprve the cnnectivity fr the prpsed lgistics zne. Objectives 1. T imprve the cnnectivity by Railway 2. T reduce rad traffic cngestin 3. T reduce the number f cntainer traffic n High Level and Lw Level rads 4. T increase the passenger and freight handling capacity by rail S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin a) Kttawa t Hrana b) Paliyagda t Ksgama via Dmpe Required Land Area Present Situatin Prject Cst Prpsed Financing Methd Methd Prcurement Emplyment Implementatin Perid f T be identified Cncept Stage SLR 105,850 mn (US $ 730 mn) Freign and lcal funding Open cmpetitive Mre than 1500 direct emplyment and 2000 indirect emplyment Medium Term t Lng term (2016/2020) Prject Cmpnents / Activities Cnducting the feasibility study fr the identified tw lines Detailed designs f tracks and railway statins Land acquisitin and resettlements if required Cnstructin f new railway tracks and statins Installatin f signaling system and train tracking center Purchase new trains, lading/unlading equipment 145

147 1.1.3 COLOMBO RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM (RTS) PROJECT Within Clmb CBD area, the existing passenger demand in almst all the rads and in the existing public bus transprt service has been surpassed. Therefre, the traffic cngestin in the cre area is at the maximum. The new Rapid Transit System will be intrduced in the Cre Area f Western Regin. It will intrduce new transit mdes and will prvide easy access t the majr attractins in the system. It will ensure a higher quality ride fr everyne in terms f cst, time and mbility. Intrducing new mdes will help the rider t chse mst apprpriate mde f transprt based n his trip purpse and hence will increase the mdal shift twards the public transprtatin reducing the traffic cngestin significantly. All the majr pints in the cre are will be cnnected by the new system. Objectives S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin CBD area & suburbs 1. T imprve the cnnectivity and reduce the travel time amng main ndes in CBD 2. T intrduce new rapid transit mdes in CBD 3. T imprve the transfer facilities fr passengers 4. Reduce the traffic cngestin 5. Increase the public transprt ridership 6. Imprve the quality f public transprt Required Land Area Present Situatin Prject Cst Prpsed Financing Methd Cncept Stage SLR 509,820 mn (US $ 3,516 mn) Freign funding Methd f Open cmpetitive Prcurement Emplyment Abut 2,000 direct and indirect Implementatin Perid Shrt t Lng term (2018/2030) Remarks: RTS mde/s will nly be specified after the feasibility study. Pssible mdes are elevated Mnrail r elevated Light Rail. Prject Cmpnents / Activities Feasibility study n identified traces Detailed designs f tracks, signaling systems, statins and yard Land acquisitin Cnstructin f tracks/beams, statins, yards, signaling systems and cntrlling systems Purchase new trains 146

148 1.1.4 IMPLEMENTATION OF NEW INLAND WATER TRANSPORT SYSTEM Nw there is n cnnecting mde in the East - West directin in the Clmb regin while the existing rad netwrk transprt the passengers radially frm Clmb. Therefre, it is prpsed t intrduce new transit mde f inland water transprt frm Wellawatte t Battaramulla using the water cnnectivity via Wellawatte Canal, Kirulapne canal and Diyawannaya. Cmfrtable air cnditined bats will prvide a gd ridership fr passengers and reduce their travel time drastically. Day time this can be used as a public transprt mde and it can be used as Ec turism at night. Secnd system will be n Beira Lake frm Frt t Gangarama. Objectives 1. T intrduce a new transprt mde 2. Imprve the accessibility and cnnectivity 3. T reduce the n rad traffic cngestin and travel time amng the cnnecting lcatins 4. T prmte as bth public transprt and ech turism mde S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin (a) Wellawatta t Battaramulla (b) Frt t Unin Place (c) Mattakkuliya t Hanwella Required Land Area Has been identified and belngs t Land Reclamatin Authrity Present Situatin Feasibility study and detailed designs are cmpleted fr Wellawatte t Battaramulla Prject Cst SLR 18,125 mn (US $ mn) Prpsed Financing Freign and lcal funding Methd Methd f Open cmpetitive Prcurement Emplyment 500 Direct and indirect emplyment Implementatin Perid Medium term (2016/2020) Remarks: All the detailed designs are cmpleted fr the Wellawatte Battaramulla sectin. Can cmmence the prject nce the canal is dredged and cleaned. Prject Cmpnents / Activities Clean and dredge the canal t suit the passenger service Cnstructing bat statins, yards and access paths Purchasing Bats Develp a regulatry mechanism Maintenance and peratins 147

149 1.1.5 IMPROVEMENT OF EXPRESSWAY NETWORK The existing expressways are nly being utilized fr lng distance passenger transprtatin. Yet, sme f the nearby majr twns can be cnnected thrugh rutes which runs thrugh the expressways reducing the time t travel in between. The existing tlls have nt been revised as per the changed demand ver the past years and a lt f cngestin ccurs smetimes at the exit tll gates due t the prevailing manual tll cllectin methd. Therefre, under the Western Regin Megaplis Plan, vehicle peratins n expressways are t be imprved by changing the demand n expressways and imprving the public transit peratins. Objectives 1. Prvide an efficient public transprt system n expressway 2. Intrduce electrnic tll cllectin system and reduce delays at tll gates 3. Maintain a cnstant demand n highway by revising the tll S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin Western Prvince and cnnecting areas thrugh highways Required Land Area N/A Present Situatin Cncept stage Prject Cst SLR 14 mn (US $ 0.1 mn) Prpsed Financing Lcal funding Cnslidated fund Methd Methd f Gvernment interventins. Main Prcurement respnsible authrity is RDA Emplyment 100 emplyments Implementatin Shrt term (2016/2018) Perid 4. Imprve mbility n highways Prject Cmpnents / Activities Analyse the new demand n the highways Review existing tlls Intrduce electrnic tll cllectin system Use real time infrmatin systems Redesign the public transprt system n highways 148

150 1.1.6 CONSTRUCTION OF NEW EXPRESSWAYS There are sme stretches and crridrs where there is a huge direct demand where the cmmuters need a high mbility. If this issue can be addressed, a lt f peple will save their valuable time and draw new investments. Under this prject it will develp the rad netwrk prviding high mbility and cnnectivity in urban areas. Sme f these expressways are elevated and sme f them are at grade. It will reduce the travel time significantly between key areas. Objectives 1. Prvide high mbility between urban and sub urban areas 2. Imprve the capacity f these links 3. Imprve the access time t Clmb via Katunayake Expressway S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin a) Ruwanpura expressway b) Central Expressway c) New kelani bridge elevated rad t Clmb Prt and Frt area (CKE Extensin) d) Elevated rad frm New Kelani Bridge t Pre via Battaramulla (New elevated urban expressway) Required Land Area Present Situatin Feasibility study fr Ruwanpura expressway and CKE extensin are almst cmpleted Prject Cst SLR. 401,215 mn (US $ 2,767 mn) Prpsed Financing Lcal / Freign funding Cnslidated fund Methd Methd f Open cmpetitive Prcurement Emplyment Arund 1000 direct r indirect emplyment Implementatin Perid Shrt term t Lng term (2016/2025) Remarks: Feasibility studies f New Kelani Bridge, prt access rad and Kandy Expressway are already cmpleted Prject Cmpnents / Activities Carry ut the feasibility studies fr Kelani bridge t Pre elevated urban expressway Implementatin f Ruwanpura expressway and CKE Extensin Implementatin f Kandy expressway 149

151 1.1.8 DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT HUBS AND CENTERS The pr cnnectivity between the available transprt mdes and unavailability f required facilities at transfer lcatins have caused a lt f prblems and incnveniences fr the public. Under the Western Regin Megaplis Plan, new Multimdal Transprt Hubs will be develped t enhance the develpment f a diverse, balanced, integrated transit service in many areas, peple and freight transprt. In additin, new transprt hubs will c-rdinate the use f different mdes with prper integratin fr efficiency and cst Objectives 1. T imprve the cnnectivity between different transprt mdes in Western Prvince 2. T imprve the passenger transfer facilities and quality f ride 3. T accmmdate business, accmmdatin and recreatinal facilities Prject Cmpnents / Activities effectiveness. S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin Hubs : Frt/Pettah Centers : Negmb, Kaduwela, Kttawa, Mratuwa, Panadura, Hrana, Gampaha, Ragama, Awissawella, Meerigama Required Land Area T be Estimated Present Situatin Multimdal Hubs are already being identified. Cncepts have been develped Prject Cst Prpsed Methd Methd Prcurement Emplyment Implementatin Perid Financing f SLR 43,500 mn (US $ 300 mn) Public Private Partnership Open Cmpetitive Abut 10,000 Direct and indirect emplyment Medium term t Lng Term (2018/2030) Remarks: Frt/Pettah feasibility has already been cmpleted by Cm Trans prject Feasibility study fr multimdal transprt hubs Identificatin f activities t be included in the hub Identificatin and acquisitin f lands Resettlements if required Detailed designs preparatin Implementatin 150

152 1.1.9 IMPROVEMENT OF EXISTING ROADS Apart frm the traffic cngestin, the lw quality f rads has cntributed twards the lw capacity f certain rad links which decreases the prpagating speed f the traffic and underutilize the capacity f the rad netwrk. Under this prject it will develp rad netwrk prviding high mbility in urban areas. It will imprve the surface cnditins, shulders, ftwalls and drainage systems f rads. In additin, it will eliminate rad bttlenecks and issues related t service lines, illegal encrachments as well. Objectives 1. T prvide high mbility in urban areas 2. T imprve the capacity f rads 3. T imprve the rads t maintain and average speed f 60 km/h between urban centers S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin Western Prvince Required Land Area T be estimated Present Situatin Cncept stage has been apprved by principle. Can start the detailed designs Prject Cst SLR 50,025 mn (US $ 345 mn) Prpsed Financing Lcal / Freign funding - Cnslidated Methd Methd f Open cmpetitive Prcurement Emplyment Arund 500 direct r indirect emplyment Implementatin Shrt term (2016/2018) Perid Remarks: Needed rad links are already being identified by RDA Prject Cmpnents / Activities Develp the High Mbility rad netwrk cnnecting districts with an average speed f 60 km/h which has develped by RDA fr next 10 years Detailed designs t be dne fr identified netwrks Land acquisitin Rad imprvements 151

153 HORANA-MEERIGAMA, NEGOMBO- MEERIGAMA AND JA-ELA DIVLAPITIYA ROAD IMPROVEMENT PROJECT Existing rads are tw lane undivided with less capacity and lw mbility. Therefre, this prject will imprve the existing rads by widening int 4 lanes with required intersectin imprvements. These new rads will imprve the cnnectivity between Kalutara and Gampaha Districts, airprt access and facilitate the prpsed lgistics zne as well. Extensin f rad links within the cre area will ensure a better cnnectivity and reductin f traffic cngestin n existing rads Objectives 1. T imprve the capacity f key rads in Western Prvince 2. T imprve facilities fr freight transprt 3. T imprve the capacity f selected rads 4. T imprve the mbility in cre area 5. T prvide a better cnnectivity and access speed t Katunayake expressway using prpsed new Kelani bridge S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin Hrana t Meerigama via Paddukka and Kirindiwela Negmb- Divulapitiya - Mirigama Ja-Ela t Divulapitiya via Ekala and Minuwangda Required Land Area T be Estimated Present Situatin Cncept stage Prject Cst SLR 19,648 mn (US $ mn) Prpsed Financing Lcal funding Cnslidated fund Methd Methd f Open cmpetitive Prcurement Emplyment Implementatin Perid Arund 500 direct r indirect emplyment Shrt term (2016/2020) Prject Cmpnents / Activities Detailed designs f rads and intersectins, pavement designs Land acquisitin and resettlement if required Imprvement f selected rad links 152

154 MARINE DRIVE, DUPLICATION ROAD & BASELINE ROAD EXTENTION PROJECT There are sme missing rad links, where if prvided, a lt f peple will be willing t use which in turn can reduce a lt f unnecessary traffic mvements reducing the cngestin significantly. Therefre, identificatin f such missing links and imprvement f selected sectins f the existing rad netwrk as apprpriate t the Western Regin Megaplis Plan will address this issue. This will imprve the cnnectivity f existing main crridrs. Objectives 1. Capacity imprvement f key rads in Western Prvince 2. Imprve facilities fr freight transprt 3. Imprve the capacity f selected rads 4. Imprve the mbility in cre area S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin Marine Drive extensin t Galle Face and Dehiwala and extensin t Pandura Baseline extensin up t Maliban junctin Duplicatin rad extensin up t Kalubwila hspital rad Required Land Area T be estimated Present Situatin Prject Cst Prpsed Financing Methd Methd Prcurement Emplyment Implementatin Perid f Cncept stage SLR 10,223 mn (US $ 70.5 mn) Lcal funding Cnslidated fund Open cmpetitive Remarks: Needs land acquisitin Arund 500 direct r indirect emplyment Medium term (2016/2020) Prject Cmpnents / Activities Feasibility study t be carried ut fr these three prjects Marine drive extensin t Galle Face frm Kllupitiya,t Dehiwela frm Wellawatte and Dehiwela t Panadura Baseline rad extensin up t Maliban junctin Duplicatin rad extensin up t Kalubwila Hspital Rad 153

155 DEVELOPMENT OF 0FF-STREET PARKING FACILITIES Nw, there is a lt f traffic cngestin being created due t the unavailability f prper and enugh parking facilities within Clmb. It has paved the path fr abrupt n street parking. Under the Western Regin Megaplis Plan, a new Parking Management System is prpsed as ff-street parking facilities. The aim f parking management is t reduce vehicle trips by cntrlling n-street parking, n the assumptin that peple will change mdes r carpl. Required parking facilities will be prvided in identified lcatins as surface car parks, multi-stried parking buildings, mechanical car parks and rf tp car parks as required. Objectives 1. T imprve the rad capacity and flw f traffic 2. T minimize unnecessary n street parking fr lng hurs 3. T reduce circulatin time fr searching f parking facilities 4. T ensure the safety f the vehicles S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin CBD and suburbs Required Land Area 3.85 Hectares Present Situatin Cncept has been develped and lands have been identified by UDA Prject Cst SLR 6,000 mn (US $ 42 mn) Prpsed Financing Public Private Financing Methd Methd f Open cmpetitive Prcurement Emplyment/utput Arund 1000 Direct and indirect emplyment Implementatin Shrt Term ( ) Perid Remarks: UDA has cnfirmed the availability f lands in 26 lcatins. Prject Cmpnents / Activities Parking demand has t be identified Detail designs f parking building r parking lts fr surface parking Cnstructin f parking buildings and lts 154

156 INTRODUCTION OF PARKING METERS Irregular and lng time n-street parking are tw f the significant factrs which cntribute twards the urban traffic cngestin. Regularizing and minimizing this helps t reduce this prblem. Therefre, under the Western Regin Megaplis Plan, intrductin f parking meters fr n-street parking was identified as a key requirement. The aim f parking meters is t reduce vehicle trips by cntrlling n-street parking and make it mre expensive, n the assumptin that peple will change mdes r carpl. This shuld be implemented nly after prviding an adequate amunt f ff street parking. Objectives 1. T regulate n-street parking 2. T discurage n-street parking gradually 3. T eliminate the traffic cngestin due t illegal and irregular n street parking S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin Required Land Area Present Situatin Prject Cst Prpsed Methd Methd Prcurement Financing Emplyment/utput Implementatin Perid f CBD N/A Cncept has been develped and CMC has started installing parking meters n several lcatins SLR 40 mn (US $ 0.28mn) Public Private Financing Open cmpetitive Arund 100 Direct emplyment Medium Term ( ) Remarks: Once adequate ff street parking has been prvided, n street parking can be eliminated Prject Cmpnents / Activities Identificatin f suitable lcatins Installing parking meters at the identified lcatins Develp regulatry and fining mechanisms 155

157 MODERNIZATION OF PUBLIC BUS TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN WESTERN REGION The recent data shws a degrading trend f public transprt usage while increasing the trend fr private vehicle usage which has caused a lt f traffic prblems at present. We still have the rute systems frmulated fr abut 40 years ag which has caused a lt f inefficiencies. Therefre, public transprt system develpment is the main requirement t be achieved in reducing rad cngestin and envirnmental pllutin. Reliable public transprt system will always enhance the safety and the cmfrt f the rider. Efficient transprt system will reduce the stresses f cmmuters and the rad rage. Prductivity f emplyees can be increased drastically. Objectives 1. Mitigate the prevailing quality slump in public transprtatin 2. Intrduce mre cmfrtable buses fr passengers 3. Attract many passengers fr public transprt systems 4. Imprve the quality and reliability f bus service 5. This is a pre-requisite fr electrnic rad pricing f city entry pints S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin Western Prvince Required Land Area Present Situatin Prject Cst Prpsed Financing Methd Methd f Prcurement Emplyment Implementatin Perid T be estimated Cnceptual stage SLR 62,495 mn (US $ 431 mn) Freign funds, Cnslidated fund Open cmpetitive 1000 Direct emplyee Medium term (2016/2020) Prject Cmpnents / Activities Change bus type t lw flr A\C busses when replacing the existing buses t new nes Design and implement a cntrl center t mnitr busses thrugh GPS and establish real time infrmatin system abut busses fr the public 156

158 OVERFLOW PARKING FACILITY FOR LONG DISTANCE BUSSES ENTERING COLOMBO Due t large number f lng distance buses entering the city center daily and keep waiting fr lng hurs fr the return trips. At the mment, there is n such prper place fr these busses t wait cmpelling them t park them at randm places. Hence Pettah and surrunding areas get cngested during the day time. It is required t prvide parking facilities fr buses in Pettah r nearby areas t vercme this issue. Further better facilities must be prvided fr bus crew in the identified areas. Objectives 1. Reduce the cngestin in Pettah and surrunding area due t bus parking 2. Prvide mre facilities fr lng distance buses and crew S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin Required Land Area Present Situatin Prject Cst Prpsed Financing Methd Methd f Prcurement Emplyment/utput Implementatin Perid Frt/Pettah T be estimated Cncept has been develped SLR 75 mn (US $ 0.50 mn) Public Private Financing Open cmpetitive Arund 100 Direct and indirect emplyment Shrt Term ( ) Prject Cmpnents / Activities Identificatin f suitable lcatins Carryut the detailed design and specify a regulatry mechanism Traffic impact assessment Revisin f bus schedules t minimize waiting Prject implementatin 157

159 WIDENING AND IMPROVEMENTS OF INTERSECTIONS IN COLOMBO The limited capacities f the existing intersectins, due t the gemetric and ther cnditins, have limited the efficiency f traffic management. Widening and imprvements at sme intersectins will imprve the turning mvement capacity and the efficiency. This will help t initiate signal synchrnizatin f the area as well. Objectives 1. T facilitate the prerequisite fr signal synchrnizatin & IT based traffic management 2. T imprve capacity f intersectins S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin Western Prvince Required Land Area T be estimated Present Situatin Cnceptual stage Prject Cst SLR 500 mn (US $ 4 mn) Prpsed Financing External surce, Cnslidated fund Methd Methd f Open cmpetitive Prcurement Emplyment 100 emplyments Implementatin Perid Medium term (2016/2020) Remarks: Lcatins are already Identified by KOICA. Prject Cmpnents / Activities Identify the intersectins t be imprved Cnduct a study n turning mvement cunts at intersectins Detailed designs f intersectins Cnstructin f intersectins 158

160 UPGRADE SIGNAL LIGHTS AT INTERSECTIONS Due t the unavailability f real time traffic detectin and absence f synchrnizatin f signal lights within the area, a cnsiderable amunt f time being wasted n rads. This prject will imprve the travel time f riders, energy cnsumptin and quality f ride by reducing the intersectin delays fr riders. Real time traffic management measures will be intrduced which will cntrl the intersectins, incident management and avid illegal parking near intersectin areas. Objectives 1. T reduce cngestin thrugh real time traffic management 2. T imprve management f incident/accident at intersectins 3. T Imprve the intersectin capacities S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c td Lcatin Central Business District (CBD), Fringe Area Required Land Area N/A Present Situatin Cnceptual stage Prject Cst SLR 3,000 mn (UD $ 20.7 mn) Prpsed Financing Cnslidated funds Methd Methd f Open cmpetitive Prcurement Emplyment Arund 250 direct and indirect emplyments Implementatin Perid Medium term Remarks: Intersectins and gemetries have been identified by KOICA study and system requirements t be prvided Prject Cmpnents / Activities Develp guidelines f standards fr future signal lights synchrnizing Re install necessary signal lights which has specified standards Operatin and maintenance f signal lights 159

161 IT BASED SMART TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Due t the unavailability f a cntrl center fr the traffic management f entire western prvince, the sudden incidents cncentrated t certain areas affects the traffic n rads significantly by managing all the real time traffic flws in the entire Western Prvince at nce. Traffic flw management will enhance the mbility n crridrs, reductin f cngestin, imprvement in rad safety and reductin f delay n rads. The rads users will have access t a real time infrmatin system n the prevailing traffic cnditins n rads thrugh their smart phnes. Objectives 1. T Reduce traffic cngestin 2. T imprve vehicle & passenger safety 3. T imprve the travel time f different rad users such as public transprt users and private transprt users S u m m a r y f t h e p r j e c t Lcatin Clmb Municipal Cuncil and Ktte Urban Cuncil Required Land Area 0.3 Hectares Present Situatin Cnceptual stage Prject Cst SLR 2,175 mn (US $ 15.4 mn) Prpsed Financing Freign funding Methd Methd f Open cmpetitive Prcurement Emplyment Arund 200 direct and indirect emplyments Implementatin Medium term (2016/2020) Perid Prject Cmpnents / Activities Installatin f lp detectrs/flw detectin cameras at required lcatins Incrprate CCTV cameras purchased and installed under prject N fr traffic flw detectin Design and installatin f signal lights synchrnizatin system (including civil wrks) Frmulate plicy dcument with department f mtr traffic, plice and ther relevant parties n sending charges fr rad rule vilatrs Establishment f a cntrl and mnitring center 160

162 IMPROVEMENT OF PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES The existing pedestrian facilities in the urban areas are very pr despite the high pedestrian mvements. Prviding attractive, cmfrtable and safe pedestrian facilities will attract a lt f peple t use them t fulfill their shrt distance trips rather than ging fr taxies. Under this prject, Imprvements are intended t enhance pedestrian access t transit service by aiding street crssings and prviding mre amenities at bus stps, including landscapes, sidewalks, curb extensins and ramps and imprved street lightings. New and imprved pedestrian facilities prmte walking and prvide greater access and mbility within ur cmmunities Objectives 1. Enhance pedestrian access t transit service 2. Pedestrian safety and cnvenience 3. Prmte walking 4. Imprve rad discipline 5. Imprve rad capacity by prviding a separate walkway fr pedestrians Prject Cmpnents / Activities S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin CBD area Required Land Area T be estimated Present Situatin Sme pedestrian walkways are already cmpleted. Remaining areas t be cnstructed Prject Cst SLR 1,000 mn (US $ 7 mn) Prpsed Financing Lcal funding Cnslidated fund Methd Methd f Open cmpetitive Prcurement Emplyment Arund 1000 direct and indirect emplyment Implementatin Shrt term (2016/2018) Perid Remarks: Needs land acquisitin Prvide apprpriate vegetatin/cncrete cver & adequate lighting alng the rads Imprve the quality f walk ways by prviding cntinuus and intercnnected sidewalks accessible by everyne by designing it Separate sidewalks frm the rad way using suitable buffer, n street parking, by apprpriate curb r by landscaping between the sidewalk and the radway Ensure safety f pedestrians at intersectins thrugh clearly marked crsswalks, verhead bridges /underpass and fences 161

163 IMPROVEMENT OF TRAFFIC FLOW BASED ON IDENTIFIED INTERVENTIONS Issues cncentrated int certain areas affects the traffic cnditin f cmparatively a large area. Traffic flw management thrugh physical interventins and enfrcement are identified t relieve the traffic cngestin significantly. Here the carefully identified interventins by experts and required enfrcements thrugh plice are t be implemented. Objectives 1. T reduce the existing traffic cngestin thrugh physical interventins 2. T reduce the existing traffic cngestin thrugh law enfrcement strategies S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin Western Prvince Required Land Area Present Situatin Prject Cst Prpsed Financing Methd Methd f Prcurement Emplyment Implementatin Perid Nt required Required interventins have been identified (Annex B) SLR 10,000 mn(us $ 70 mn) External surce, Cnslidated fund Open cmpetitive 150 Direct emplyees Medium term (2016/2020) Prject Cmpnents / Activities Priritize the identified interventins (refer Annex N.5) Implementatin f the priritized interventins 162

164 LEGAL ENFORCEMENT OF TRAFFIC LAW VIOLATIONS THROUGH CCTV MONITORING In the existing situatin, law enfrcement is nly pssible in the presence f law enfrcement fficers. Yet, traffic flw management thrugh law enfrcement is regarded as ne f the mst efficient and direct methds t cntrl the traffic cngestin, vilatins and safety. This CCTV real time mnitring and fining system ver a large area has t be implemented withut the presence f plice fficers n site. Objectives 1. T make sure there are less r n traffic vilatins within the cnsidered area 2. Reduce the cngestin thrugh enfrced driver discipline 3. Safety assurance by eliminating the vilatins Prject Cmpnents / Activities S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin Western Prvince Required Land Area Present Situatin Prject Cst Prpsed Financing Methd Methd f Prcurement Emplyment Implementatin Perid Nt required Required interventin has been identified SLR 3,500 mn (US $ 24 mn) External surce, Cnslidated fund Open cmpetitive 75 direct emplyees Medium term (2016/2020) Identificatin f lcatins where cameras t be installed Purchase and Installatin f CCTV cameras at required lcatins Install red running detectin cameras at selected intersectins Develpment f plicies t enable real time fining Identify and prpse a regulatry mechanism fr the system 163

165 IMPROVEMENT OF TAXI TRANSPORT SERVICE Absence f a prper regulatry mechanism and an authrity fr management purpses f taxies in the cuntry has paved the path fr many scial and traffic prblems. Yet, taxies are a part f a functining cmmunity and it prvides dr t dr service t the general public as a para transit mde. Numbers f taxies perating n rads have been increasing withut any cntrl and it had led t many scial and traffic issues in the cuntry. Cntrlling and regulating these taxi services can slve these issues successfully. Objectives 1. Reduce the urban traffic cngestin 2. Implement a reliable taxi transprt service which ensures the safety 3. Implement a quality and cmfrtable taxi transprt service S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin Required Land Area Present Situatin Prject Cst Prpsed Financing Methd Methd f Prcurement Emplyment Implementatin Perid Western Prvince Nt required Cnceptual stage SLR 50 mn (US $ 0.30 mn) Cnslidated fund Open cmpetitive 100 direct emplyments Shrt term (2016/2018) Prject Cmpnents / Activities Intrduce a cmmn identificatin system fr all taxies Prmte and supply adequate parking space fr taxies at majr transit nde Use internet t find taxi lcatins, cntact numbers, use GPS tracking systems etc. Develp a regulatry authrity and plicy dcument fr taxi peratins Register all the taxies under the regulatr 164

166 INTRODUCE NEW SCHOOL TRANSPORT SERVICE (CONSULTANCY) The existing schl transprt service is nt enugh t meet the demand and nt up t the required standards by upper middle class f the sciety. As a result, majrity f schl children are cming by private vehicles and that cnsists a significant prtin f the mrning peak traffic. Changing this traffic t a few reliable and quality schl transprt service vehicles which perates frm hme t schl can relieve the traffic cngestin significantly. Objectives 1. Reduce the urban traffic cngestin 2. Implement a reliable schl transprt service which ensures the safety and well-being f children 3. Implement a quality and cmfrtable transprt service fr the children 4. Ensure the safety f schl children Prject Cmpnents / Activities S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin Western Prvince Required Land Area Nt required Present Situatin Cnceptual stage Prject Cst SLR 200 mn (US $ 1.30 mn ) Prpsed Financing Private Public Partnership Methd Methd f Open cmpetitive Prcurement Emplyment 100 direct emplyments Implementatin Perid Shrt term (2016/2018) Remarks: NTC is perating Sisuseriya in selected areas nly. Hwever this is nt a Hme Based service Frm regulatry mechanism fr schl services (Operatinal guidelines including, seating capacity, driver/assistant registratin, vehicle fitness, maximum travel time) Establish new bus cmpanies, purchase new air cnditined buses and install GPS systems t detect the busses Frm a separate cmpany/s t perate schl services in parallel t existing public schl service (t prvide dr t dr higher quality service with air cnditin, mnitring and reliability) Imprve the reliability and extend the services f existing public schl buses ( Sisuseriya prject can be cntinued as it is in identified rutes by NTC. It can be further imprved) 165

167 ENCOURAGEMENT OF BICYCLE USE AND FEASIBILITY STUDY ON CYCLE AND MOTORCYCLE PATHS Usage f bicycles as a transprt mde is very sustainable, reducing emissin; reduce fuel cst and healthy mde f transprt and can reduce a lt f traffic cngestin. Under the Megaplis prject in Western Regin new cycle paths will be cnstructed t encurage cycling. These paths will be cnnected t rail and bus terminals which are equipped with park and ride facilities. Objectives 1. Prmte cycling 2. Reduce n rad traffic cngestin 3. Encurage peple t cycle t railway r bus terminal and use park and ride facilities. 4. Reduce fuel usage by mtrized vehicles S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin CBD area Required Land Area T be estimated Present Situatin Cncept stage Prject Cst SLR 200 mn (US $ 1.30 mn) Prpsed Financing Lcal funding Cnslidated fund Methd Methd f Open cmpetitive Prcurement Emplyment Arund 500 direct and indirect emplyment Implementatin Shrt term (2016/2020) Perid Prject Cmpnents / Activities Prvide apprpriate vegetatin cver r paved area at either side f the rads Prvide separate lane fr bicycle uses. In suburban t rural areas it can be checked that the center median can be cnverted int a bicycle path Feasibility study n new cycle paths in CBD Prject implementatin 166

168 POLICY ON USE OF ROAD/RAIL RIGHT OF WAY Each and every Rad / Rail has its demarcated bundaries and mst f them acquired by unauthrized peple. It makes incnvenience as well as the cngestin within the cities. Due t pr plicies in land acquisitin, rad prjects get delayed unnecessarily. Under this prject, a plicy will be develped by prfessinals in the field t avid such circumstances in the future prjects. Objectives 1. Develp a plicy n maintaining right f way fr rads and railway 2. Ensure the land availability and less frictin in land acquisitin in the future 3. Make clear paths fr land acquisitin fr lng term prject prpsals S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin Western Prvince Required Land Area Present Situatin Prject Cst Prpsed Financing Methd Methd f Prcurement Emplyment Implementatin Perid N/A Cncept stage SLR. 10 mn (US $ 0.07 mn) Lcal funding Cnslidated fund Open cmpetitive Shrt term (2016/2018) Prject Cmpnents / Activities Strict restrictins apply and demarcate rad right f way lands Relcate peple wh unauthrized acquires and prvide adequate space fr pedestrians Develp a plicy dcument n maintaining right f way fr rads and rail and future land acquisitin fr develpment prjects. Public awareness and discussins with cmmunities and investrs 167

169 MINIMIZE FUEL USAGE POLICY Currently the biggest prtin f the GDP is dedicated t buy fuel. There exists the risk related t fuel price fluctuatins and uncertainty surrunding a future envirnmental plicy. Therefre, this prject will encurage peple t use mre public transprt, trip planning and create awareness n requirements f minimizing f fuel usage. Objectives 1. Ecnmic benefits achieving thrugh less fuel usage. 2. Less envirnmental impact due t lw utput f CO2, lead and CO. 3. Encurage mre users fr public transprt systems. 4. Reduce air pllutin S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin Western Prvince Required Land Area Present Situatin Prject Cst Prpsed Financing Methd Methd f Prcurement Emplyment Implementatin Perid Nt required Cncept stage SLR 50 mn (UD $ 0.3mn) Lcal funding Cnslidated fund Open cmpetitive Arund 80 direct and indirect emplyment will be generated Shrt term (2016/2018) Prject Cmpnents / Activities Reduce taxes fr electric and hybrid vehicles while increase taxes fr ther cars Discurage vehicles having pr emissin standards Intrduce a plicy t remve pr cnditined vehicles frm the rads Encurage walkways and bicycle users 168

170 REDUCE VEHICLE EMISSION With the increase f air pllutin in urban areas the requirement f cntrlling f vehicle emissin has becme an imprtant requirement f the cuntry. Since Western Prvince is highly cngested and plluted it is imprtant t take necessary actins t reduce the vehicle emissins. Under this prject, the Western Regin and Megaplis Plan will take the necessary initiatives t prvide slutins t these prblems. Objectives 1. T avid climate change 2. Reduce air pllutin 3. T preserve public health S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin Western Prvince Required Land Area Present Situatin Prject Cst Prpsed Financing Methd Methd f Prcurement Emplyment Implementatin Perid Nt required Cncept stage SLR 100 mn (US $ 0.7 mn) Lcal funding Cnslidated fund Open cmpetitive Arund 200 direct and indirect emplyment Shrt term (2016/2018) Prject Cmpnents / Activities Intrductin f higher quality fuel and catalytic cnverters fr vehicles Facilitate Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) use fr three wheelers and taxies Intrduce mnitring system The vehicle emissin standards t be reviewed yearly 169

171 RESTRUCTURE OF PUBLIC BUS TRANSPORT IN WESTERN REGION (CONSULTANCY) The recent data shws a degrading trend f public transprt usage while increasing the trend fr private vehicle usage which has caused a lt f traffic prblems at present. We still have the rute systems frmulated fr abut 40 years ag which has caused a lt f inefficiencies. Therefre, public transprt system develpment is the main requirement t be achieved in reducing rad cngestin and envirnmental pllutin. Reliable public transprt system will always enhance the safety and the cmfrt f the rider. Efficient transprt system will reduce the stresses f cmmuters and the rad rage. Prductivity f emplyees can be increased drastically. Objectives 1. Mitigate the prevailing quality slump in public transprtatin 2. Intrduce mre cmfrtable buses fr passengers 3. Attract many passengers fr public transprt systems 4. Imprve the quality and reliability f bus service 5. This is a pre-request fr electrnic rad pricing f city entry pints S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin Western Prvince Required Land Area Present Situatin Prject Cst Prpsed Financing Methd Methd f Prcurement Emplyment Implementatin Perid T be estimated Cnceptual stage SLR 4000mn (US $ 28 mn) Freign funds, Cnslidated fund Open cmpetitive 1000 Direct emplyee Medium term (2016/2020) Prject Cmpnents / Activities Change bus type t lw flr A\C busses when replacing the existing buses t new nes Design and implement a cntrl center t mnitr busses thrugh GPS and establish real time infrmatin system abut busses fr the public 170

172 STUDY ON INTRODUCTION OF FLEXIBLE AND STAGGERING WORKING HOURS (CONSULTANCY) Since all public and private institutins and rganizatins are fllwing mre r less the same time schedule t start and end their wrk, the peak hurs are generated where the existing traffic cngestin is unbearable. In rder t mitigate this, flexible wrk and staggering wrk hurs can be intrduced t public and private rganizatins in the Western Regin. By flexible wrk hurs and staggering wrk hur s different rganizatins can change their starting times and let emplyees t chse their arrival and departure time which will help t dilute the heavy peak hur traffic in the mrning and in the evening. Objectives 1. Reduce peak hur traffic lad 2. Reducing the verlading f Public Transprtatin System (peak hur verlading) 3. Imprvement f quality f ridership 4. Imprvement f emplyee prductivity Prject Cmpnents / Activities Stakehlder meetings and public awareness Cnducting the feasibility study Develpment f plicy dcuments Implementing flexible wrk hurs and staggered wrk hurs in private and public sectr S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin Entire Western Prvince (Kaluthara, Clmb & Gampaha Districts) Required Land Area N/A Present Situatin Cncept and design stage Prject Cst Prpsed Financing Methd Methd f Prcurement Emplyment Feasibility study - SLR 1 mn (US $ 0.01mn) Preparing Plicy dcument SLR 1 mn (US $ 0.01 mn) Awareness and stakehlder meetings SLR 5 mn (US $ 0.04 mn) Ttal: SLR 7 mn (US $ 0.05 mn) Lcal funding Cnslidated fund Gvernment interventin Implementatin Perid Medium term (2016/2020) 171

173 IMPROVEMENT OF FACILITIES AT SUBURBAN INTERCHANGE BUS TERMINALS AND STANDS Almst all bus terminals where the passengers interchange buses and the bus stands lcated at many strategic lcatins n different rutes lack facilities and infrmatin useful fr users. Available basic facilities are nt maintained prperly due t lack f resurces and had been dilapidated mst f the terminal buildings lcated in prime lcatins in suburbs are eye sres as the buildings have nt been designed t suit its surrundings r user needs in mind. These places are patrnized by large number f passengers daily and are excellent places t develp many SME services needed by them and have a great cmmercial value that can nt nly prvide emplyment but als gd incme t thse wh wish t wn and perate them. Hence it is prpsed t develp these bus terminals acrss the Clmb and its suburbs with all amenities and services needed by the general users. As these culd be built and perated by lcal entrepreneurs it is recmmended t flat lcal tenders t lease these lands/spaces fr private builders t build and maintain these services. Prject Cmpnents / Activities Objectives 1. T redevelp and imprve the appearance, design and peratinal qualities f the bus terminals and bus stands t prvide better facilities t passengers. 2. T minimize the peratinal csts f the bus terminals by the gvernment while the services t bus passengers cntinue. Call Design build and perate prpsals fr each site Cnstructin and peratin f the sites and sublease the prperties Public services and facilities t be prvided by the peratrs S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin Clmb and suburbs Land Area Need n additinal lands Present Situatin Dilapidating buildings with minimum user facilities Prject Cst SLR 33,350 mn (US $ 230 mn) SLR 1300 mn per site. (US $. 9.0mn) [Bus Terminals SLR 300mn. Per site / Bus Stands SLR 1.5mn. per site] Prpsed Financing Public Private Partnership Methd Methd f Prcurement Open cmpetitive Prject Perid Tw years (shrt term) Emplyment 3000 (Apprx.) Remarks: 1. Private sectr will be invited t undertake the recnstructin and imprvement f the bus terminals t be equipped with all mdern amenities n leased ut lands n a lng term lease basis. 2. The Natinal Transprt Cmmissin and Western Megaplis t agree n terms and cnditins t be stipulated and mnitr the quality f services 3. Imprve 200 strategically lcated bus stands t help passengers. The bus stands t have a kisk which will be sub leased by the develpers t peratrs (SMEs) wh will maintain these bus stands while engaged in business f selling gds and services and prvide infrmatin t passengers thru mdern cmmunicatin equipment. 172

174 SUPPLY OF COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) AND ESTABLISH ELECTRIC CHARGING FACILITIES (50 CENTRES) FOR BUSES AND OTHER VEHICLES At present almst all busses and ther vehicles in the WRM area cnsume diesel and patrl. This has caused high level f air pllutin in the regin psing adverse impacts t the envirnment and t the human health. Use f CNG and electricity as a surce f fuel will reduce the pllutin levels. There is an evidence f finding gas depsits in Indian cean within the Sri Lankan territry and can be utilized mre effectively by cnverting these vehicles in t CNG. Als CNG and electricity cheaper than ther petrleum fuels. This prcess will create healthy human life in the WP. Objectives 1. T reduce air pllutin levels in the WP 2. T use envirnmental friendly technlgies in WMP area. 3. T intrduce mre ecnmic use f energy surces as well as the cuntry as well as imprved health status f the ppulatin. S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin Required Land Area Present Situatin Prject Cst Prpsed Financing Methd Methd f Prcurement Prject Perid Emplyment/utput Western Prvince NA Nt a cmmn practice f using CNG fr vehicles SLR mn (US $ 220 mn) Private investment Open cmpetitive Medium term Prject Cmpnents / Activities Identify suitable lcatins t stre CNG Identify suitable lcatins fr gas cnversin centers Identify suitable lcatins fr 50 electric charging centres Purchase machinery and equipment Training f technicians Develp a gas delivery netwrk 173

175 ESTABLISHMENT OF TRANSPORT INFORMATION ANALYSIS AND DESSIMINATION CENTRE The infrmatin n transprtatin are many fld. The public as well as the urban planners and regulatrs f the urban services cnstantly need this infrmatin nline n daily basis. Regular surveys n the perfrmance f transprt services as well as feedback frm public t make management decisin are essential fr imprvement f transprt sectr. Currently the University f Mratuwa carries ut sme f the research functins it is recmmended that a recmmended that a private sectr based Transprt Infrmatin Center that cllects, analyzed and disseminate this infrmatin n cmmercial basis be established. Prject Cmpnents / Activities Objective 1. T imprve the transprt services with real time data 2. T facilitate transprt management decisin making prcess Set up an institutinal mechanism whereby the NTC will frm a jint venture with a private sectr r frm a public cmpany that will prvide the services Train and intrduce the GIS based infrmatin system and prvide required infrmatin thru the telecm netwrk t the public S u m m a r y f t h e P r j e c t Lcatin Clmb Land Area Need n additinal lands but t be hused at the WRMP Present Situatin N central infrmatin is in peratin that prvide such services t public nline Prject Cst SLR 300 mn per site (US $. 2 mil) fr setting up f the equipment and prviding training t persnal that will be recruited Prpsed Financing Methd Methd f Prcurement Prject Perid Emplyment Remarks: Public Private Partnership Open Cmpetitive tw Years (shrt Term) 50 (Apprx.) 4. Invite the private sectr t cllabrate with the Natinal Transprt Cmmissin t set up this center that will perate the Infrmatin services bth at the retail and strategic level. 5. It is expected that the techniques such as GIS and mbile applicatins needed t make the data/infrmatin will be adpted when develping the prpsed data base and infrmatin center. 174

176 Appendix 05: Demand Mdel Outputs and Maps Table 12: Demand Mdel Outputs fr All Scenaris 175

177 176

178 Figure 29: Ttal Passenger Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case A) fr Year

179 Figure 30: Ttal Passenger Vlumes within CMC fr Prject Case (Case A) fr Year

180 Figure 31: Ttal Railway Passenger Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case A) fr Year

181 Figure 32: Ttal RTS Passenger Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case A) fr Year

182 Figure 33: Ttal Inland Water Transprt Passenger Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case A) fr Year

183 Figure 34: Ttal Private Vehicle Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case A) fr Year

184 Figure 35: Ttal Passenger Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case B) fr Year

185 Figure 36: Ttal Passenger Vlumes within CMC fr Prject Case (Case B) fr Year

186 Figure 37: Ttal Railway Passenger Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case B) fr Year

187 Figure 38: Ttal RTS Passenger Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case B) fr Year

188 Figure 39: Ttal Inland Water Transprt Passenger Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case B) fr Year

189 Figure 40: Ttal Private Vehicle Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case B) fr Year

190 Figure 41: Ttal Passenger Vlumes fr Prject Case (Case D) fr Year

191 Figure 42: Ttal Passenger Vlumes within CMC fr Prject Case (Case BD) fr Year