NFRMPO TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE WORK SESSION AGENDA

Transcription

1 419 Canyn Avenue, Suite 300 Frt Cllins, Clrad (970) (800) (Clrad nly) FAX: (970) Technical Advisry Cmmittee Eric Bracke- Chair City f Greeley Suzette Mallette-Vice Chair Larimer Cunty Stephanie Brthers, Twn f Berthud Karen Schneiders, CDOT Gary Carsten, Twn f Eatn Dawn Andersn, City f Evans Martina Wilkinsn, City f Frt Cllins Jhn Franklin, Twn f Jhnstwn Jessicca McKewn, Twn f LaSalle Dave Klckeman, City f Lveland Seth Hyberger, Twn f Milliken Jhn Hldren, Twn f Severance Eric Fuhrman, Twn f Timnath Janet Lundquist, Weld Cunty Dennis Wagner, Twn f Windsr Ingrid Hewitsn, CDPHE Aarn Bustw, Federal Highway Administratin Amanda Brimmer, RAQC Gary Thmas, SAINT Christpher Barnes, COLT Will Jnes, GET Kurt Ravenschlag, Transfrt NC Bike & Ped Cllabrative 1. Public Cmment NFRMPO TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE WORK SESSION AGENDA DISCUSSION ITEMS: Reginal Transprtatin Plan: Chapter 8: Plan Scenaris (Pg. 4) June 11, 2015 Windsr Cmmunity Recreatin Center 250 N. 11 th Street Pine Rm Windsr, Clrad 1:00 t 3:00 p.m Reginal Transprtatin Plan: Chapter 11: Cngestin Management Prcess (Pg. 15) Reginal Transprtatin Plan All WORK SESSION WRAP-UP: Final Public Cmment (2 minutes each) Karask/Hrn Karask/Buckley TAC MEMBERS: If yu are unable t attend this meeting, please cntact Becky Karask at (970) r RKarask@nfrmp.rg. Thank yu. MPO Transprtatin Staff Terri Blackmre, Executive Directr Becky Karask, Reginal Transprtatin Planning Directr Aarn Buckley, Transprtatin Planner Alex Grdn, Transprtatin Planner Angela Hrn, Transprtatin Planner Jsh Jhnsn, Transprtatin Planner Twn f Windsr Wi-Fi Username: Windsr-WLAN Passwrd: Windsr@WLAN The Nrth Frnt Range Transprtatin & Air Quality Planning Cuncil is the designated Metrplitan Planning Organizatin fr the Nrth Frnt Range

2 DISCUSSION ITEM: Discussin f 2040 Reginal Transprtatin Plan Chapters 8 and 11 Page 2 f 35

3 AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY (AIS) Nrth Frnt Range Transprtatin & Air Quality Technical Advisry Cmmittee (TAC) Meeting Date Agenda Item Submitted By June 11, 2015 Objective / Request Actin Discussin f 2040 Reginal Transprtatin Plan Chapters 8 and 11 Staff is prviding the furth f five grups f chapters fr the 2040 Reginal Transprtatin Plan (RTP) fr TAC review and cmment. Key Pints Becky Karask Reprt Wrk Sessin Discussin Actin MPO staff is develping the 2040 RTP, scheduled fr September 2015 Cuncil apprval The 2040 RTP includes a lng term transprtatin visin fr the regin Cmmittee Discussin At their February 18, 2015 meeting, TAC requested staff prvide a revised schedule f when staff wuld require Cmmittee review and input n the 2040 RTP chapters. Supprting Infrmatin The 2040 RTP is a federally-mandated plan fr MPOs and includes a lng-term transprtatin visin fr the regin. The 2040 RTP summarizes the existing transprtatin system: radways, transit, bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure, the envirnment, and includes a fiscally cnstrained crridr plan fr the future. Fr the 2040 RTP, the Plan Scenaris include: all transprtatin investment frm 2012 t 2040 will g int radway capacity imprvements and all transprtatin investment frm 2012 t 2040 will g int transit including rute develpment and equipment purchases. The 2015 Cngestin Management Prcess (CMP) includes a new methd t cllect and shw data fr the Annual Reprt. Specifically, the MPO is mving t travel time index fr the identificatin f cngested crridrs and decreasing the number f perfrmance measures tracked frm 18 t three. Advantages Prviding the chapters as they are drafted allws TAC t maximize their time and input in reviewing the 2040 RTP chapters. Staff will prvide presentatins n the changes t the RTP t summarize changes t assist TAC in their review. Disadvantages Nne nted. Analysis /Recmmendatin Staff requests TAC members review the prtins f the 2040 RTP Chapters 8 and 11 applicable t their jurisdictins fr accuracy and cntent. Attachments RTP Chapters: Chapter 8: Plan Scenaris Chapter 11: Cngestin Management Prcess Rev. 9/17/2014 Page 3 f 35

4 Chapter 8: Plan Scenaris Mving Ahead fr Prgress in the 21 st Century Act (MAP-21) recmmends the incrpratin f scenari planning int metrplitan transprtatin plans. 1 When develping scenaris, an analysis f hw a scenari impacts the transprtatin system and perfrmance is required. Federal Highway Administratin s (FHWA) Perfrmance Based Planning and Prgramming Guidebk 2 (PBPP) recmmends the fllwing be cnsidered when develping scenaris: Ptential reginal investment strategies fr the planning hrizn; Distributin f ppulatin and emplyment; Maintaining baseline cnditins fr the transprtatin system perfrmance measures; Estimated csts and ptential revenues available ; Revenue cnstrained scenaris based n the ttal revenue reasnably expected t be available; and USDOT transprtatin system perfrmance measures and lcally develped measures. Further the PBPP, lists benefits f scenari planning: Opprtunity t engage a wide variety f stakehlders; Ptential t clearly illustrate the trade-ffs amng different land use and transprtatin chices; Mre infrmed decisin making; Helps decisin makers develp perfrmance measures and evaluate different plicies fr their effects n targets; and Ideal methd t fcus n the brader array f issues implied by the fcus n livability. The Nrth Frnt Range Metrplitan Planning Organizatin (MPO) maintains three sets f data with the ability t be manipulated fr scenari planning: land use husehlds and emplyment, radway capacity, and transit rute changes and imprvements. The tw types f scenaris selected fr this plan were: 1. All transprtatin investments frm 2012 t 2040 ccur n rad and highway prjects, while all future husehld and emplyment grwth frm 2012 t 2040 remain cnstant. 2. All transprtatin investments frm 2012 t 2040 ccur fr transit prjects, while all future husehld and emplyment grwth frm 2012 t 2040 remain cnstant. Each scenari is detailed in the remaining sectins f this chapter. The MPO is estimated t receive $71.7 M f Surface Transprtatin (STP-Metr) funding and $82.7 M f Cngestin Mitigatin and Air Quality (CMAQ) funding frm STP-Metr is the mst flexible funding pl the MPO receives allwing funds fr mst radway, transit, and nn-mtrized prjects. This funding pl is represented fr bth scenaris. CMAQ des allw certain 1 MAP-21 Factsheet: Metrplitan Planning, Perfrmance Based Planning and Prgramming Guidebk Page 4 f 35

5 radway prjects but is mre restrictive and des nt allw the funding f capacity prjects. Because f this, nly the transit scenari is represented with CMAQ funding, Table 8-1. A. Radway Scenari Table 8-1: Scenari Funding Funding Pl Radway Scenari Transit Scenari STP-Metr $71,725,203 $71,725,203 CMAQ $0 $82,721,692 Ttal $71,725,203 $154,446,895 The pririty radway fr the NFRMPO Planning Cuncil is I-25 due t its nrth-suth cnnectins serving the regin. As stated in the Nrth I-25 EIS, the funding begins at SH 14 n the nrth adding a third lane in bth directins t meet the three lane sectin in Mead apprximately SH 66. The fllwing defines the imprvement made and is reflected in Figure 8-1: 2040 Reginal Transprtatin Plan (RTP) Radway Scenari: SH 14 t Harmny Rad Widen I-25 between SH 14 and Harmny Rad/Weld CR 38, including Prspect Rad interchange, apprximately fur miles in length. Figure 8-1: 2040 RTP Radway Scenari 2 Page 5 f 35

6 Tables 8-2 thrugh 8-4 cmpare the 2040 RTP Radway Scenari t the 2040 Build Scenari, shwing lane-miles, number f interchange imprvements, Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT), Vehicle Hurs Traveled (VHT), and the estimated cst. Table 8-2: Imprvements and Cst f 2040 RTP Radway Scenari Lane-Miles Added # f Interchanges fr Imprvements 2040 Build Scenari RTP Radway Scenari 8 1 *This is nt the ttal prject cst, rather a reasnable share fr the NFRMPO Surces: NFRMO 2040 Reginal Travel Demand Mdel, Nrth I-25 EIS Table 8-3: VMT f 2040 RTP Radway Scenari VMT Percent Increase in VMT 2040 Build Scenari 19,290, RTP Radway Scenari 19,290, Surce: NFRMO 2040 Reginal Travel Demand Mdel Table 8-4: VHT f 2040 RTP Radway Scenari VHT Percent Decrease in VHT 2040 (Build) 746, RTP Radway Scenari 746, Surce: NFRMO 2040 Reginal Travel Demand Mdel Fr this Scenari, VMT is prjected t increase by percent cmpared t the 2040 Build Scenari, Table 8-3. With the same cmparisn VHT is prjected t decrease by percent, Table 8-4. As I-25 cntinues t receive widening imprvements, mre users will be attracted t use it, increasing the VMT. At the same time, widening decreases the amunt f cngestin, allwing the VHT t decrease. Figures 8-2 shws the travel time index (TTI) representing cngestin, segments greater than 2.5 times free flw, f the 2040 RTP Radway Scenari cmpared t the 2040 Build netwrk. Tables 8-5 details these segments. 3 Page 6 f 35

7 Figure 8-2: 2040 RTP Radway Scenari TTI 4 Page 7 f 35

8 Table 8-5: 2040 RTP Radway Scenari TTI Results Frm T TTI Befre TTI After Nrth-t-Suth Segments Timberline Rad Dnella Curt Lincln Avenue East-t-West Segments SH 14 Dawn Avenue Greenfields Avenue SH 14 Greenfields Avenue Sherry Avenue SH 14 Sherry Avenue Stcktn Avenue SH 14 Stcktn Avenue Apprximately I-25/SH 14 SB Ramp SH 14 Apprximately I-25/SH 14 Apprximately I-25/SH 14 SB Ramp SB Ramp SH 392 Duck Lake Larimer CR Surce: NFRMO 2040 Reginal Travel Demand Mdel Analysis Scenaris The fllwing 2040 RTP Radway Analysis Scenaris were run t identify the final 2040 RTP Radway Scenari: 2040 RTP Radway Analysis Scenari One: SH 14 t Trilby Rad Widen I-25 between SH 14 and Trilby Rad, including Prspect Rad interchange, apprximately six miles in length RTP Radway Analysis Scenari Tw: SH 14 t SH 392 Widen I-25 between SH 14 and SH 392, including the Prspect Rad and the SH 392 interchanges, apprximately seven miles in length RTP Radway Analysis Scenari Three: SH 14 t CR 30 Widen I-25 between SH 14 and CR 30, including the Prspect Rad and the SH 392 interchanges, apprximately eight miles in length RTP Radway Analysis Scenari Fur: SH 14 t MPO Suthern Bundary This scenari represents hw widening imprvements n I-25 wuld affect the transprtatin system. Wrk wuld need t be dne n each interchange alng the stretch accrding t Phase One f the Nrth I-25 EIS. The average VMT increase per-mile added is percent between the 2040 RTP Radway Analysis Scenaris. The VHT als decreases n average percent per-mile. Figure 8-3 cmpares the ttal TTI fr all segments fr the 2040 RTP Radway Scenari and the 2040 RTP Radway Analysis Scenari Fur, the scenari with the mst lane-miles added. 5 Page 8 f 35

9 Figure 8-3 Ttal Travel Time Cmparisn TTI 6,140 6,120 6,100 6,080 6,060 6,040 6,020 6,000 5,980 Reginal TTI 2040 RTP Radway Scenari 2040 RTP Analysis Radway Scenari Fur B. Transit Scenari Fixed-rute transit service typically relies n a system f rutes, rather than a single rute. This cncept makes transit scenari planning mre difficult than radway scenari planning. A reasnable transit scenari with the NFRMPO 2040 Reginal Travel Demand Mdel (RTDM) was made with the sci-ecnmic data and system-level rute data when available. When unavailable, the existing rute structure was used. The individual system-wide imprvements fr each transit agency are detailed in this chapter, fllwed by a summary f reginal transit ridership results fr the fllwing scenari: 2040 RTP Transit Scenari Transfrt Phase 3, increased headways include: Taft Hill: 30 minute East Mulberry: 30 minute Lemay: 30 minute Trilby/Timberline: 30 minute Greeley-Evans Transit (GET) New Rutes (2016), increased headways include: Red Rute: 60 minute Blue Rute: 30 minute Gld Rute: 30 minute City f Lveland Transit (COLT) Existing Rutes (2011) Transfrt Strategic Plan: Phase 3 The Transit Strategic Plan fr the Transfrt netwrk was develped in cllabratin with the City f Frt Cllins - Transfrt, the City f Lveland - COLT, and the Pudre Schl District. Currently, the mdel des nt take in t 6 Page 9 f 35

10 accunt thse rutes designed t serve high schl r cllege students (Transfrt Rute 21, 22, 23). This is due t the RTDM representing typical reginal travel patterns. These rutes d nt reflect this trend. Based n available funds, the Transfrt Strategic Plan Phase 3 was used as the implementatin rutes, Figure Phase 3 recmmends additinal transit grwth in Frt Cllins, including lnger service hurs and limited Sunday transit service, as well as expansin f reginal service t Berthud, Bulder, Denver, and Lngmnt. This phase assumes the implementatin f additinal Masn Express (MAX) services which extend utside the Masn Crridr and cmplete the transitin t a full grid netwrk in Frt Cllins. The fllwing explain the changes t rute types fr lcal and reginal services. Lcal Services Prpses tw new express rutes utilizing the Masn Crridr t minimize transfers fr high demand travel patterns and increase service frequencies alng the Crridr ; Prpses late evening service (until midnight) fr all express and MAX rutes n weekdays and weekends ; Prpses an extended span f service with 12 rutes ffering early evening service and fur rutes ffering late evening service; Recmmends additinal Saturday service; Recmmends Sunday service; Includes the cmplete transitin t a grid rute cnfiguratin; Recmmends increased service frequencies n mst rutes; and Prpses new service t the Muntain Vista area. Reginal Services Prpses a new rute prviding cnnectins between suth Frt Cllins, Lveland (Centerra), Lngmnt, and Bulder with additinal Saturday and Sunday service; Recmmends recnfiguratin f a reginal rute t prvide service between Berthud, Frt Cllins, Lngmnt, and Lveland and intrduces Sunday service; and Recmmends additinal early evening service and late evening service fr reginal rutes. Nte: Saturday, Sunday, and extended hur service is nt reflected in the 2040 RTDM. 7 Page 10 f 35

11 Figure 8-10: Transfrt Phase 3 8 Page 11 f 35

12 Greeley-Evans Transit Rutes 2016 GET has adjusted their fixed-rute service rutes t accmmdate the relcatin f the dwntwn transfer center and t generally imprve the rutes by making them as reliable and efficient as pssible. These new rutes will begin in January The new rute structure is shwn in Figure The changes t the system include: Rute names based n a mre universal numbering system rather than clrs; A review f the current ridership, with rutes serving lw ridership areas eliminated and rutes serving areas f high ridership maintained and imprved; Spacing f rutes n clser than ½-mile in areas that d nt supprt high ridership; The eliminatin f lps in favr f straight rutes, where an pprtunity t ride is imprved at n additinal cst; Imprved direct rutes t and frm imprtant destinatins, accmplished thrugh a transitin frm a service that tuches everyne s dr step t the industry standard f ¼-mile frm a rute being cnsidered well served; and Imprved cnnectin thrughut the city by increasing transfer lcatins and eliminating lps. Fr example between the Grve, UNC, and dwntwn Greeley. Figure 8-11: GET Transit Rutes 9 Page 12 f 35

13 City f Lveland Transit Rutes COLT currently runs three transit rutes, Figure Previusly updates t the rutes were made in 2011, adjusting 2008 rutes. Currently, there are n plans t expand r change the rutes. Figure 8-12: COLT Rutes Ridership Results The ridership results are detailed in Table 8-11 fr each transit agency and the regin. This cnfirms, with scheduled imprvements and increased headways ridership has the ptential t increase by XX percent. Cmmented [AH1]: Waiting n an analysis f the transit netwrk frm Sean (mdeler). 10 Page 13 f 35

14 Table 8-11: Ridership Results Ridership Percent Increase in Ridership Percent Increase in Ridership per year 2040 (Build) COLT - - GET - - Transfrt - - Ttal - - Scenari 1 COLT GET Transfrt Ttal Surce: NFRMO 2040 Reginal Travel Demand Mdel Analysis Scenaris The fllwing 2040 RTP Transit Analysis Scenaris were run t identify the 2040 RTP Transit Scenari: 2040 RTP Transit Analysis Scenari One Transfrt Phase 3 Greeley-Evans Transit (GET) New Rutes (2016) City f Lveland Transit (COLT) Existing Rutes (2011) 2040 RTP Transit Analysis Scenari Tw Transfrt Phase 3 GET New Rutes (2016), increased headways include: Red Rute: 20 minute Purple Rute: 30 minute Gld Rute: 30 minute Green Rute: 30 minute COLT Existing Rutes (2011) Gld Rute: 30 minute 2040 RTP Transit Scenari Three Transfrt Phase 3 GET New Rutes (2016), increased headways include: Red Rute: 60 minute Blue Rute: 30 minute Gld Rute: 30 minute COLT Existing Rutes (2011) and reverse f rutes fr additinal service The analysis scenaris have an average ridership increase f XX percent frm 2040 RTP Transit Analysis Scenari One thrugh Three. Cmmented [AH2]: Waiting n an analysis f the transit netwrk frm Sean (mdeler). 11 Page 14 f 35

15 Chapter 11: Cngestin Management Prcess A. Intrductin New residents are mving int the Nrth Frnt Range regin every day. Offering travelers safe, cnvenient transprtatin alternatives can reduce vehicular cngestin n the reginal rad system. The NFRMPO s Cngestin Management Prcess (CMP) creates an bjectives driven, perfrmance-based plan t reduce reginal cngestin. Nw, mre than ever, residents f the Nrth Frnt Range regin are incrprating walking, bicycling, and transit in their daily cmmutes. Intelligent Transprtatin Systems (ITS) and Travel Demand Management (TDM) principles are reducing reginal cngestin by increasing efficiency and highlighting new mde chices. In the sectins that fllw, the steps t create a CMP are utlined. Cnsistent, nging data cllectin effrts will supply infrmatin fr annual CMP reprting. The gal f CMP reprting is t create an bjectives driven, perfrmance-based CMP incrprating all mdes and users. B. Backgrund Purpse f the CMP The purpse f a CMP is t cllect cngestin data, develp perfrmance measures, and direct funding tward prjects and strategies that mst effectively address cngestin. The 2015 CMP Reprt augments existing plans in the metrplitan transprtatin planning prcess, while annual CMP reprts track transprtatin system perfrmance. Federal requirements state regins with a ppulatin ver 200,000 in urbanized areas (UZAs), als knwn as Transprtatin Management Areas (TMAs), must maintain a CMP and use it t make infrmed transprtatin planning decisins. The 2015 CMP Reprt identifies cngested Reginally Significant Crridrs (RSCs), develps strategies t mitigate the cngestin, and prvides a way t mnitr the effectiveness f the strategies. Requirements fr a CMP The current funding authrizatin bill, MAP-21 requires cnsideratin first be given t strategies which reduce single-ccupant vehicle (SOV) travel and imprve the efficiency f the existing transprtatin system. All reasnable strategies must be analyzed befre a capacity increasing imprvement is prpsed as a cngestin management technique. Federal regulatins (23 CFR Part ) specify an effective CMP shuld include: Methds t mnitr and evaluate the perfrmance f the multi-mdal transprtatin system, identify the causes f recurring and nnrecurring cngestin, identify and evaluate alternative strategies, 1 Page 15 f 35

16 prvide infrmatin supprting the implementatin f actins, and evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness f implemented actins; Defined bjectives and perfrmance measures t assess cngestin and evaluate cngestin reductin and mbility enhancement strategy effectiveness; Establish a data cllectin and system perfrmance mnitring prgram that defines the extent and causes f cngestin, determines the causes f cngestin, and evaluates the efficiency and effectiveness f implemented actins; Identifies and evaluates the anticipated perfrmance and benefits f bth traditinal and nntraditinal cngestin management strategies; Identifies an implementatin schedule, respnsibilities, and ptential funding surces fr each strategy; and Identifies a prcess fr peridic assessment f the efficiency and effectiveness f implemented strategies. MAP-21 legislatin requires perfrmance measures, targets, plans, and reprting. This perfrmance and utcme-based prgram ensures states invest resurces in prjects that cllectively make prgress tward the achievement f natinal gals. The legislatin utlines seven natinal gal perfrmance areas, highlighted in. Gal Area Safety Infrastructure Cnditin Cngestin Reductin System Reliability Freight Mvement and Ecnmic Vitality Envirnmental Sustainability Reduced Prject Delivery Delays Table 11-1 MAP-21 Seven Natinal Perfrmance Areas Natinal Gal T achieve a significant reductin in traffic fatalities and serius injuries n all public rads T maintain the highway infrastructure asset system in a state f gd repair T achieve a significant reductin in cngestin n the Natinal Highway System T imprve the efficiency f the surface transprtatin system T imprve the natinal freight netwrk, strengthen the ability f rural cmmunities t access natinal and internatinal trade markets, and supprt reginal ecnmic develpment T enhance the perfrmance f the transprtatin system while prtecting and enhancing the natural envirnment T reduce prject csts, prmte jbs and the ecnmy, and expedite the mvement f peple and gds by accelerating prject cmpletin thrugh eliminating delays in the prject develpment and delivery prcess, including reducing regulatry burdens and imprving agencies wrk practices 2 Page 16 f 35

17 Surce: FHWA MAP-21 Perfrmance Management 1 Three f the natinal gals directly pertain t the CMP: Cngestin Reductin, System Reliability, and Freight Mvement and Ecnmic Vitality. Sectin D f this chapter discusses strategies t alleviate cngestin. Histry f the NFRMPO CMP Originally, the Intermdal Surface Transprtatin Efficiency Act f 1991 (ISTEA) intrduced the cncept f Cngestin Management Systems (CMS). The CMS was created t cllect cngestin data, enhance the tls fr data management and mdeling, expand the use f intelligent transprtatin systems, and encurage reginal cperatin and crdinatin. Subsequently, the Safe Accuntable Flexible Efficient Transprtatin Equity Act - A Legacy fr the Users (SAFETEA-LU) cntinued this effrt by requiring the use f a Cngestin Management Prcess in TMAs. The current federal transprtatin bill, MAP-21 maintains the CMP requirement, but requires enhanced mnitring, reprting f cngestin, reliability, and frmalized perfrmance measures. The NFRMPO was designated as a TMA in 2002, fllwing the 2000 US Census. In 2004, FHWA accepted a Cngestin Management Framewrk in lieu f a Cngestin Management System, given the shrt timeframe between the NFRMPO s TMA designatin and the publicatin f the 2030 Reginal Transprtatin Plan (RTP). In 2007, the NFRMPO expanded the framewrk int a full CMP and integrated it with the 2035 RTP. During the develpment f the 2010 CMP and 2035 RTP in 2007, the NFRMPO TAC and Planning Cuncil identified the Tier One RSCs t be the fcus f the CMP in the Nrth Frnt Range. Tier One crridrs included I- 25, US 34, US 287, and their parallel facilities althugh data was cllected n nly the main crridr. Fr the 2040 RTP, the MPO has mved away frm tiers t individual crridrs. All cngested radway RSCs are included in the 2015 CMP data cllectin and analysis. The RSCs can be fund in Table 2-1 in Chapter 2. The 2010 CMP cncluded with tw pssible mdificatins t the CMP in the future, including: Update the identificatin f currently cngested crridrs based n actual data cllected thrugh the regin-wide data cllectin prgram, rather than using travel demand mdel results. Recnsider the netwrk fr which the CMP applies; the CMP may nt be as apprpriate t rural prtins f the Tier One crridrs as the prtins that are in urban areas. 1 US Department f Transprtatin. Federal Highway Administratin. MAP-21 Mving Ahead fr Prgress in the 21 st Century. Perfrmance Management. Accessed 5/8/15. 3 Page 17 f 35

18 Over last year, MPO members have begun cllecting real-time travel data in the regin (Sectin C). As the data accumulates, lngitudinal studies will be pssible. In the interim, the NFRMPO s Reginal Travel Demand Mdel will be used t identify crridrs t deply data cllectin devices alng with lcal expertise. Visin, Gals, and Objectives f the Cngestin Management Prcess The visin statement fr the 2015 CMP Reprt is: The Nrth Frnt Range Metrplitan Planning Organizatin strives t bjectively reduce cngestin n reginally significant crridrs fr all mdes and all users using TDM strategies. The CMP Gals and Objectives t supprt this visin include: Gal 1: Imprve Efficiency Objective: Reduce cngestin with cst-effective, nn-radway-widening slutins that use technlgy t the best advantage, such as traffic management, TDM, and ITS. Gal 2: Increase Mbility Objective: Make nn-sov transprtatin mdes (walking, bicycling, transit, carpling, vanpling) mre available, cnvenient, safe, and attractive fr everyne. Gal 3: Imprve Safety Objective: Reduce crashes fr all mdes, fcusing especially n imprving safety fr pedestrians and bicyclists and n reducing the number f incident-related crashes. Gal 4: Increase Reliability Objective: Increase travel time reliability fr all mdes and users while reducing user expsure t traffic incidents, crashes, and wrk znes. 2 2 Bstn Regin MPO Cngestin Management Prcess Chapter Page 18 f 35

19 Frm the 2040 RTP adpted Gals, Objectives, Perfrmance Measures, and Targets (GOPMT) utlined in Chapter 4, tw perfrmance measures are specific t the CMP, as shwn in Figure Figure 11-1: 2040 RTP CMP Specific Gals, Objectives, Perfrmance Measures, and Targets MPO Gals Gal 2 Mbility: Prvide a transprtatin system that mves peple and gds safely, efficiently, and reliably Gal 4 Operatins: Optimize peratins f transprtatin facilities Objectives 5 Use the Cngestin Management Prcess t reduce cngestin 6 Reliable travel times 10 Use Transprtatin Demand Management techniques t reduce cngestin and ptimize the system 11 Implement Intelligent Transprtatin Systems (ITS) Perfrmance Measures Reginally significant cngested crridrs with a travel time index f 2.5 times r less than free flw VMT grwth per capita Targets Maintain at least 80% Change in VMT shuld nt exceed change in ppulatin The perfrmance measures in this 2040 RTP GOPMTs match the CMP bjectives. T help cmplete the picture f reginal cngestin transit perfrmance measures have been selected and are detailed in Sectin D. Integratin in the Planning Prcess The CMP has the ptential t create an efficient transprtatin system, increase mbility, and maximize the utility f limited resurces. It enables the MPO t measure system perfrmance in a systematic manner. The CMP is tied t the federally required RTP and helps t infrm the NFRMPO TIP. While the RTP prvides a visin fr transprtatin planning in the Nrth Frnt Range regin, the TIP prvides fr the prgramming f funding fr reginal transprtatin prjects. The CMP has the ability t ffer data t craft a 5 Page 19 f 35

20 visin fr the future and infrm individual prjects. Furthermre, crridr studies, transit efficiency, and nnmtrized prjects benefit frm data cllected thrugh the CMP. C. Quantifying Cngestin Often, surces f cngestin ccur tgether. Weather events can easily create unsafe driving situatins resulting in crashes. Special events can cause drivers t avid certain areas resulting in cngestin alng a less traveled crridr. A lack f parallel facilities and a lack f transprtatin ptins fr pedestrians, bicyclists, and transit users can result in high levels f unrestrained SOV demand. Cngestin There are tw types f cngestin: recurring and nn-recurring. Recurring cngestin includes: Ineffective management f capacity Operatins Inefficient signal timing and prgressin and/r lack f auxiliary lanes. A lack f TDM techniques such as carpl/vanpl prgrams r cngestin pricing. Insufficient capacity Lack f Parallel Facilities Seven causes f cngestin: 1. Physical bttlenecks 2. Traffic incidents 3. Wrk znes 4. Weather 5. Traffic cntrl devices 6. Special events 7. Fluctuatins in nrmal traffic Radway Capacity Unrestrained demand Lack f Other Mdes Land Use Nn-recurring cngestin: Temprary events Traffic Incidents - Crashes, traffic stps, r breakdwns Weather Events Special Events Wrk Znes Emergencies 6 Page 20 f 35

21 Cngestin management is the applicatin f strategies t imprve transprtatin system perfrmance and reliability by reducing the adverse impacts f cngestin n the mvement f peple and gds. 3 Reginally Significant Crridrs Previusly, the CMP nly fcused n the Tier 1 RSCs, but the scpe has expanded t include all cngested RSCs. The RSC designatin allws the MPO t maximize the use f limited transprtatin funding. Infrmatin abut RSC lcatin can be fund in Chapter 2. Infrmatin abut cngested RSCs can be fund in Chapter 7. Cngestin Management Data Surces Reginal Travel Demand Mdel The MPO and member jurisdictins use the 2040 NFRMPO Reginal Travel Demand Mdel as a tl t frecast traffic and travel demand in cmmunities thrughut the mdel area. The primary purpse f the travel mdel is t supprt the RTP and air quality cnfrmity analysis, but the infrmatin can be helpful fr the CMP as well. The mdel can help t evaluate prpsed radway prjects, ptential impacts f prpsed develpment prjects, and varius transprtatin studies f the regin, subareas, and crridrs. The mdel helps identify which radway links are currently cngested and thse with the ptential t be cngested by calculating free flw speed, travel time, and capacity. This infrmatin is then used t see if cngestin management perfrmance measures are being met. This helps prject spnsrs and stakehlders select prjects that relieve cngestin in the regin. The mdel is regularly updated by the MPO t reflect current cnditins using the mst recent available data. Until the Bluetth cunters are peratinal, the Travel Demand Mdel will be used t generate maps t highlight cngested areas in the regin. FHWA Natinal Perfrmance Measurement Research Data Set The Natinal Perfrmance Measurement Research Data Set (NPMRDS) is a histrical archive f average travel times by calendar day, in five minute increments, cvering the NHS. FHWA has purchased HERE Nrth America, LLC (frmerly Nkia/NAVTEQ) travel time data fr DOT and MPO use. The reginal NPMRDS cverage is highlighted in Figure Three categries f travel time data are cllected: passenger vehicles, freight vehicles, and a categry with bth grups cmbined. N mdeling r histrical data is applied if prbe data des nt exist fr a particular epch and n recrd is prvided. Sme utliers are included in the dataset, but clearly invalid prbe data are discarded. Invalid prbe data includes zer-speed vehicles, ff-rad vehicles, and vehicle headings that d nt crrespnd with existing crridrs. 3 Cngestin Management Prcess: A Guidebk. U.S. Department f Transprtatin, Federal Highway Administratin. April Pg Page 21 f 35

22 The data fr persnal vehicles is gathered frm multiple surces including: mbile phnes, vehicles, and persnal navigatin devices. Data fr freight vehicles is gathered by the American Transprtatin Research Institute (ATRI) and is surced frm Class 7 and 8 trucks. Archived datasets include nly Interstates fr the perid f Octber 2011 t June Mnthly datasets began in July 2013, in 5 minute increments fr the entire NHS. The datasets are brken dwn by Transprtatin Management Center (TMC), an industry standard referencing system streets, segments, and rads typically frm intersectin t intersectin. Class 7 trucks have a grss vehicle weight rating (GVWR) between 26,001 33,000 lbs. Class 8 trucks 33,001 lbs. r abve. Bth Classes require a Class B license t perate in the US. INRIX Travel Time and Vlume Data Set In the near future the NFRMPO will have access t INRIX travel time and vlume datasets in additin t the FHWA HERE dataset. INRIX travel time data is cllected thrugh GPS enabled devices including cell phnes and cnnected cars, trucks, and fleet vehicles. Additinal variables affecting traffic including weather cnditins, special events, schls schedules, and rad cnstructin are factred int the traffic datasets. As the dataset becmes available MPO staff will analyze and incrprate useful data in the CMP. 8 Page 22 f 35

23 Figure 11-2: 2015 Travel Time Data Surces 9 Page 23 f 35

24 Figure 11-3: Frt Cllins Bluetth Cunter Lcatins Frt Cllins Bluetth Dataset In June 2014, the City f Frt Cllins, Divisin f Traffic Operatins began installing a series f 30 Bluetth traffic cunters at majr intersectins acrss the City (Figure 11-3). The Frt Cllins Bluetth cunters are als highlighted in Figure 11-2 with the NPMRDS. Operatinal since Octber 2014, these cunters wirelessly cnnect t cell phnes, headsets, music players, and navigatin systems using Media Access Cntrl (MAC) prtcls. Unique identifiers frm these devices are nt assciated with any specific user r accunt, eliminating any ability t gather private infrmatin. City f Lveland, City f Greeley, and CDOT Bluetth Cunters Currently, the City f Lveland, the City f Greeley, and CDOT are in the prcess f researching Bluetth cunters fr intersectins in their cmmunities r regin. T create a rbust reginal dataset the MPO will be assisting with the purchase f cunters fr CDOT and the cities f Frt Cllins, Lveland, and Greeley. Cunter purchasing shuld begin in summer 2015, with cunters cming nline by late A substantial prtin f the reginal transprtatin netwrk is expected t be cvered by NFRMPO Cngestin Survey In 2014, the MPO cnducted a reginal cngestin survey. The purpse f the survey was t better understand the cmmunity s perspective f transprtatin cngestin. The 12 questin survey had apprximately 200 respndents frm the 15 MPO member cmmunities. The majrity f respndents lived in Frt Cllins (42 percent) and an even larger grup wrked in Frt Cllins (71 percent). Almst 86 percent f respndents drive alne as their primary cmmute methd. Hwever nearly nine percent chse a bicycle fr transprtatin. The cmplete list f survey questins can be fund in Appendix XXX D. Strategies t Alleviate Cngestin Cngestin Perfrmance Measures The fcus f the 2015 CMP is the effective mvement f peple and gds. Thrughut a nrmal day, cngestin can ccur fr all users and all mdes in the regin. The 2015 CMP Reprt perfrmance measures reflect this reality by ffering quantifiable measures fr all users and all mdes. utlines CMP perfrmance measures the MPO will reprt in the Annual CMP Reprt. 10 Page 24 f 35

25 Table 11-2: Implemented Cngestin Perfrmance Measures CMP Perfrmance Measures Descriptin Rati f average peak travel time t an ff-peak (free-flw) standard. Travel Time Index* A value f 1.25 indicates that the average peak travel time is 25% lnger than ff peak travel times. Measurement f miles traveled by vehicles in a specified regin ver a specified time perid. Calculated per persn fr all trips r fr specific destinatins including hme, wrk, cmmercial, etc. A Vehicle Miles Traveled reductin in VMT can be used t shw envirnmental benefits. (VMT)* Mdeling VMT requires estimates f trip generatin and trip length. Land use planning principles such as infill develpment can help reduce VMT. Using VMT a fuel use measurement can be derived. Transit Perfrmance Measures On Time Perfrmance Percentage f time a bus r train remains n published schedule. Passengers per Hur per Directin indicates travel patterns and system capacity. Passengers per Mile per Galln is a measure f transit system use and fuel efficiency. *These perfrmance measure are frm the NFRMPO 2040 RTP GOPMT. The Transit perfrmance measures are specific t the 2015 CMP Reprt. The Travel Time Index and Transit Perfrmance Measures are explained in greater detail in the fllwing sectins. Travel Time Index Currently, the MPO is transitining frm vlume ver capacity (V/C) cngestin (2010 CMP) measurements t Travel Time Index (TTI) as a primary measure f reginal cngestin. The MPO estimated TTI infrmatin using the NFRMPO s Reginal Travel Demand Mdel. 4 TTI is defined as: The rati f the travel time during the peak perid t the time required t make the same trip at free-flw speeds. A value f 1.3, fr example, indicates a 20-minute free-flw trip requires 26 minutes during the peak perid. 5 Maps f the 2012 reginal TTI and 2040 reginal TTI can be fund in Chapter 7. Over the next tw years, the MPO will transitin t the cllectin and use f TTI infrmatin frm the FHWA HERE dataset, INRIX dataset, and Bluetth cunters discussed in Sectin C. In the future, psted speed limits will be used as the baseline fr free-flw travel time. 4 Nrth Frnt Range 2012 Base Year Reginal Travel Mdel Technical Dcumentatin Glssary f Mbility-Related Terms. Texas A&M Transprtatin Institute. Urban Mbility Infrmatin. Accessed 5/21/ Page 25 f 35

26 Transit Perfrmance Measures Future CMP reprting will use three perfrmance measures fr transit including: On Time Perfrmance: The percentage f time a bus remains n its published schedule. This perfrmance metric indicates the ability fr the traveling public t rely n psted times. Passengers per Mile per Galln: Requires the calculatin f a Passengers per Mile metric and a vehicle mile per galln figure. Subsequently, the number f Passengers per Mile is multiplied by the vehicle s mile per galln figure resulting in a figure that can be cmpared t ther vehicles. Passengers per Hur per Directin: Requires the number f Passengers per Hur multiplied by a directinal cefficient, unless it is cllected immediately with the passenger barding/exiting. The resulting figure is useful when examining travel patterns. Transprtatin Demand Management (TDM) The NFRMPO cmpleted the Lng Range Transprtatin Demand Management Plan in December TDM are actins that imprve the efficiency f the transprtatin system by altering transprtatin system demand rather than embarking n radway capacity expansin prjects. TDM is abut increasing transprtatin system carrying capacity thrugh peratinal efficiencies r reducing demand. Intent and Methds f Transprtatin Demand Management Federal regulatins specify all reasnable cngestin management strategies must be evaluated and deemed ineffective r infeasible prir t the cnsideratin f a radway capacity increase as a cngestin management apprach. A cmmn miscnceptin f TDM is that it is fcused strictly n getting peple ut f their cars. Rather there are many ways t imprve the efficiency f the existing transprtatin netwrk. Transprtatin Demand Management Strategies TDM strategies can use vluntary r mandatry mechanisms t reduce demand. Eight cmmn TDM strategies include: Rad Pricing: Prgrams which charge drivers based n their usage f the radway. Cngestin pricing includes price variatins based n time f day and level f cngestin. Parking Management and Parking Pricing: Parking Management includes time f day restrictins such as befre 10 am r allws the price fr parking t fluctuate t ensure a certain percentage f parking spaces are vacant. Parking Pricing is the price assciated with the use f a parking space. Car Sharing: Participants pay t rent vehicles n a per-trip basis allwing the csts f perating a vehicle t be spread amng many users. Pay-as-Yu-Drive Insurance: Vehicle insurance premiums vary accrding t the number f miles driven. This gives drivers wh drive less an pprtunity t pay a lwer variable cst rather than a higher, fixed cst insurance. Ridesharing and HOV Lanes: Ridesharing is tw r mre peple traveling in a vehicle t their destinatin. HOV lanes incentivize ridesharing by ffering travelers wh rideshare a less cngested travel lane, preferred parking, etc. 12 Page 26 f 35

27 Transit Incentives: Businesses r ther rganizatins can ffer reduced r free fares t incentivize the use f transit fr emplyees. Transit Imprvements: Imprving the availability, efficiency, reliability, cnvenience, and cmfrt f transit incentivizes traveler s use f the netwrk. Telewrk: Wrking frm hme reduces the frequency f emplyees needing t cmmute t an emplyment lcatin. 6 Additinal TDM measures were recmmended by the MPO in the Lng Range Transprtatin Demand Management Plan, including: TDM Wrkshps: Targeted t emplyees, a wrkshp wuld highlight TDM practices an emplyer culd use t encurage healthy, safe, effective transprtatin practices. Guaranteed Ride Hme: Used t supplement an emplyee s mde chice, the Guaranteed Ride Hme service prvides a free r inexpensive taxi fr emergencies fr thse emplyees wh rideshare. Emplyer Transprtatin Assessment Prgram: The NFRMPO staff assist lcal businesses in the creatin f a TDM plicy fr emplyees. ITS Imprvements: Cvered in Sectin D f this chapter. Transprtatin Demand Management in Nrthern Clrad VanG is a divisin f the NFRMPO with the gal f helping residents in the regin travel as ften as pssible by means ther than driving alne in a car. The prgram has a website called SMARTTRIPS that encurages reginal transprtatin users t chse bicycling, transit, carpling, vanpling, and walking t reach their destinatin. Tw f the main SmartTrips ptins n the website are VanG, a vanpl service which perates 70 vans, and CarG, an nline ride-matching service allwing users t create their wn carpls. Tw NFRMPO emplyees run the prgram with administrative supprt frm the MPO. The prgram benefits residents in the regin by saving them time and mney while reducing reginal cngestin, emissins, and fuel use. Lcal gvernments and CDOT participate in reginal TDM effrts. The fllwing list describes effrts t implement TDM. Frt Cllins: Transfrt ffers bus transit service Mnday thrugh Saturday. T increase multi-mdal transprtatin pprtunities, all buses are equipped with bicycle racks. CSU students ride Transfrt fr free, after paying tuitin and assciated fees. Transfrt ffers Passfrt, an emplyer-based bus pass prgram which allws the bulk purchase f bus passes. FLEX is a 6 Reference Surcebk fr Reducing Greenhuse Gas Emissins frm Transprtatin Surces. Chapter 5 Transprtatin Demand Management Strategies. U.S. Department f Transprtatin, Federal Highway Administratin. Updated 3/24/15. /publicatins_and_tls/reference_surcebk/page05.cfm#s1 13 Page 27 f 35

28 City f Lveland: City f Greeley: City f Berthud: reginal bus service perated by Transfrt and ffers service t Lveland, Berthud, and Lngmnt. MAX is a BRT service perated by Transfrt ffering nrth/suth service alng the Masn Street crridr which parallels Cllege Avenue/US 287. FCTrip is a web-based applicatin that prvides real-time infrmatin t travelers in Frt Cllins. This infrmatin is supplied thrugh a netwrk f clsed-circuit televisin cameras, vide detectrs, and pavement sensrs. Traffic Signal Timing adjustments ffer travelers decreased travel delay and increased fuel savings while prviding increased pedestrian clearance intervals. Frt Cllins Bike Library ffers cmmunity members, students, and visitrs a free bicycle t ride if it is returned at the same lcatin, during business hurs, n the same day. Each additinal day is a nminal fee. The City f Frt Cllins spnsrs an annual Bike t Wrk Day event which challenges bth emplyees and lcal businesses t prmte bicycling as transprtatin fr emplyees. Climatewise is a free, vluntary City f Frt Cllins prgram that assists lcal businesses and the envirnment thrugh the prmtin f waste reductin, energy savings, alternative transprtatin, water cnservatin, and practicing pllutin preventin. CSU incrprates TDM practices by ffering a Frt Cllins Bicycle Library lcatin n campus, and free Transfrt transit passes. COLT prvides fixed-rute bus transit Mnday thrugh Saturday, with cnnectins t the FLEX service. The City f Lveland spnsrs an annual Bike t Wrk Day event which challenges bth emplyees and lcal businesses t prmte bicycling as transprtatin fr emplyees. The City f Lveland s Engineering Department has partnered with the Thmpsn Schl District t prmte a Safe Rutes t Schl Prgram. The City f Greeley perates GET which prvides lcal transit service in Greeley, Garden City, and Evans. Students at the University f Nrthern Clrad (UNC) ride GET free f charge with student ID cards. Greeley elementary and secndary students als ride free with a pass. UNC perates a free vanpl fr faculty and staff. The City f Berthud perates the BATS demand-respnse transit service Mnday thrugh Friday, 8:00 am 4:00 pm. 14 Page 28 f 35

29 The system perates five vehicles and ffers service within Berthud, t Lveland, and t Lngmnt. CDOT: Spnsrs Bustang which is an interreginal express bus service fr lng distance cmmutes t Denver alng the I-25 and I-70 crridrs. Cnnects cmmuters t the nrth in Frt Cllins and Lveland and t the suth in Mnument, Wdmen, Clrad Springs and Tejn using I-25. Cnnects cmmuters t the east in Glenwd, Eagle, Vail, Frisc, and the Denver Federal Center using I-70. Intelligent Transprtatin System An Intelligent Transprtatin System (ITS) imprves transprtatin safety and mbility and enhances prductivity thrugh the integratin f advanced cmmunicatins technlgies int the transprtatin infrastructure and in vehicles. Encmpassing a brad range f wireless and wire-line cmmunicatins an ITS enriches existing radway system peratins in a cst effective manner. 7 ITS Technlgies and Applicatins ITS can apply t all frms f transprtatin, it has the capacity t imprve safety, reduce vehicle wear, shrink delay, and lessen fuel cnsumptin. Highlighted in Table 11-3, ITS technlgy includes bth intelligent transprtatin technlgies and intelligent transprtatin applicatins. Table 11-3 Intelligent Transprtatin Technlgies & Applicatins Intelligent Transprtatin Technlgies Intelligent Transprtatin Applicatins Wireless cmmunicatins Cmputatinal technlgies Flating car data/flating cellular data Sensing technlgies Inductive lp detectin Vide vehicle detectin Bluetth detectin Electrnic tll cllectin Emergency vehicle ntificatin systems Crdn znes with cngestin pricing Autmatic rad enfrcement Variable speed limits Cllisin avidance systems Dynamic Traffic Light Sequence Ramp Metering Intelligent Transprtatin Systems in Nrthern Clrad In the NFRMPO regin a number f ITS strategies are currently in place t help travelers, including: 7 Abut ITS. US Department f Transprtatin, Office f the Assistant Secretary fr Research and Technlgy Intelligent Transprtatin Systems Jint Prgram Office. Accessed 5/7/ Page 29 f 35

30 Autmatic Traffic Recrding Devices - Tube Cunters, Inductive Lp Detectin, Bluetth, Wi-Fi, Vide Vehicle Detectin Backup Traffic Signal Cntrl Cabinets Clsed Circuit TV Fiber Optic Cmmunicatins In-Pavement Traffic Sensr - Inductive Lp Detectin Lane Cntrl Signage Pavement Cnditin Detectin Dynamic Message Signage Weather Statins Prvide precipitatin detectin, visibility measurements, wind speed, surface cnditin, etc. In 2011, CDOT, the NFRMPO, and lcal jurisdictins develped the CDOT Regin 4 Intelligent Transprtatin Systems Strategic Implementatin Plan. 8 The plan serves as the guiding dcument fr ITS prjects t 2021, and identifies the funding needs, recmmended deplyment time frames, and ptential funding surces. Funded ITS prjects are cvered in Chapter 2. Transit Cngestin Management Strategies Bus Rapid Transit BRT is an integrated system f facilities, equipment, services, and amenities that imprves the speed, reliability, and identity f bus transit. 9 BRT can be thught f as an abve grund subway r a rubber-tired light rail system with the added benefit f having greater perating flexibility and ptentially lwer csts. This highfrequency service ffers nt nly cngestin mitigatin benefits, but cmmunity develpment benefits as well. The cnstant availability f a bus is attractive t travelers, residents, and business wners. A number f facilities augment the capacity and usefulness f BRT. T eliminate cnflicts with slwer vehicles BRT can use dedicated right-f-way lanes in the median. Statin platfrms level will the bus flr accelerate passenger barding time and allw wheelchairs t easily rll n r ff the bus. Off-bard fare cllectin systems allw passengers t pre-pay befre using the BRT. T decrease intersectin wait times BRT is priritized in the signal queue. Emergency vehicles als benefit frm BRT by having an additinal travel lane. 8 CDOT Regin 4 Intelligent Transprtatin Systems Strategic Implementatin Plan. Clrad Department f Transprtatin. June %20Implementatin%20Plan_ pdf 9 TCRP Reprt 118. Bus Rapid Transit Practitiner s Guide. Transprtatin Research Bard Washingtn, D.C Page 30 f 35

31 Operatinal Transit Cngestin Management Measures A number factrs can be incrprated in transit service strategies which can be implemented t further enhance the effectiveness f transit. The factrs include: Pricing Factrs Reductin r eliminatin fares Service Quantity Factrs Increasing service hurs including Sunday service Reducing the time between transit vehicles Reducing transfer time Priritizing transit vehicles at traffic signals Fcusing rutes n high density crridrs r lcatins Service Quality Factrs Transit stp amenities Off-bard fare cllectin Bus scheduling infrmatin Statin and in-rute safety Custmer service Cleanliness 10 Reducing r eliminating fares can play a large rle in increasing transit ridership. Currently, free transit passes fr CSU, UNC, and sme K-12 students incentivize use f the transit netwrk. During the schl year GET ridership numbers increased 313 percent amng elementary, middle, and high schl students with identificatin fr the Ride Free with ID prgram, which ttaled apprximately 47,000 rides. Adjacent land use practices cmpund the usefulness f transit; fr cllege students transit helps cnnect residential facilities with campus; business alng transit rutes is encuraged by the accessibility transit ffers; and emplyers are incentivized t lcate near transit t ffer transprtatin ptins fr emplyees. In Frt Cllins, a Transit-Oriented Develpment (TOD) Overlay Zne was develped t fcus grwth arund the MAX BRT system alng the Masn Street crridr. Running nrth-suth thrugh Frt Cllins the Masn Street crridr cnnects residents t a mix f husing, ffice, and retail pprtunities. The MAX BRT system alng Masn Street increases ecnmic pprtunity, active lifestyle chices, and access t emplyment ptins while 10 Taylr, Brian D. & Fink, Camille N.Y. The Factrs Influencing Transit Ridership: A Review and Analysis f the Ridership Literature. UCLA Department f Urban Planning Wrking Paper. 9/4/2013. Ls Angeles, CA Page 31 f 35