There s actually another group of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that makes a person a Rh or Rh+ blood type.

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1 Name Whdunnit Bld Typing Lab Prelab 1. What are the fur different kinds f human bld? 2. The bld type is determined by antigens (A r B) that are present r absent n the surface f red bld cells. Humans nrmally prduce antibdies against thse antigens that are NOT n their red bld cells. REMEMBER that bld type is based n antigens, nt the antibdies, that a persn pssesses. a. If smene has A antigens, what bld type are they? i. What antibdy will they have? b. If smene has B antigens, what bld type are they? i. What antibdy will they have? c. If smene has neither A nr B antigens, what bld type are they? i. What antibdy will they have? d. If smene has bth A and B antigens, what bld type are they? i. What antibdy will they have? There s actually anther grup f antigens n the surface f red bld cells that makes a persn a Rh r Rh+ bld type. Bld Type Antigens (Agglutingens) Antibdies in Plasma (Agglutinins) Can Give Bld T Can Receive Bld Frm A A Antibdy B A, AB O, A B B Antibdy A B, AB O, B AB A and B Neither Anti-A r Anti-B AB O, A, B, AB O Neither A nr B Bth Anti-A and Anti-B O, A, B, AB O Agglutinatin ( Clumping ) We are ging t use a simple test t determine bld type, perfrmed with a serum that will be added t separate samples f bld. If agglutinatin (CLUMPING) ccurs nly in the drps t which the anti-a serum was added, what bld type is it? If agglutinatin (CLUMPING) ccurs nly in the drps t which the anti-b serum was added, what bld type is it? If agglutinatin (CLUMPING) in bth samples, what bld type is it? The absence f agglutinatin (CLUMPING) indicates that the bld type is Reactin t Antibdy A Serum Reactin t Antibdy B Serum Bld Type Agglutinatin N agglutinatin A N agglutinatin Agglutinatin B Agglutinatin Agglutinatin AB N agglutinatin N gglutinatin O

2 Scenari Crime investigatrs were called t the scene f a rbbery. Mr. Smith had cme hme, nly t find smene rbbing his apartment. As the criminal rushed t leave the apartment, he ran int a glass dr, cutting his arm and tearing his shirt. The crime investigatrs were able t remve small drps f bld frm glass bits. The bld samples frm the crime scene, alng with the victim s bld, were sent t the frensic lab t be analyzed. The crime investigatrs reviewed the available evidence and apprehended 3 suspects. The last remaining piece f evidence needed t slve the crime is t match the bld type fund at the scene f the crime t ne f the suspects. Yu, alng with yur classmates, have been chsen t prvide this last piece f evidence and determine which f the suspects is the burglar. Materials 5 Bld typing trays Tthpicks Paper twel t clean the tthpicks between stirs Vials f: Victim s bld Crime scene bld Suspect 1 s bld Suspect 2 s bld Suspect 3 s bld Anti-A serum Anti-B serum Anti-Rh serum Prcedure 1. Label the 5 bld typing trays by placing each tray n a piece f paper that each reads as ne f the fllwing: Crime scene, Victim, Suspect #1, Suspect #2, and Suspect #3. 2. T determine the type f bld fund at the crime scene, put 3 drps f the bld fund at the crime scene in each f the A, B, and Rh wells f the bld typing tray labeled Crime Scene. 3. Place 3 drps f the simulated anti-a serum n the bld in the A well f the tray. 4. Place 3 drps f the simulated anti-b serum n the bld in the B well f the tray. 5. Place 3 drps f the simulated anti-rh serum n the bld in the Rh tray. 6. With a tthpick, stir each sample f the anti-serum and bld. MAKE SURE THAT YOU CLEAN OFF THE TOOTHPICK BETWEEN STIRRING THE SAMPLES s that cntaminatin desn t ccur and s yu dn t send the wrng suspect t jail! 7. Observe the slide and recrd yur bservatins in Table 2 f the Analysis sectin. T cnfirm agglutinatin (CLUMPING), try reading text thrugh a mixed sample. If yu cannt read the text, assume yu have a psitive agglutinatin reactin. 8. Fr the Anti-Rh Serum, agglutinatin (CLUMPING) signifies Rh+, n agglutinatin (CLUMPING) means Rh-.

3 Once yu have determined the type f bld fund at the scene f the crime, yu will then type the bld f the victim and three suspects. 9. Place 3 drps f the victim s bld in each f the A, B, Rh wells f the victim, and repeat fr suspect #1, #2, and # Place 3 drps f the simulated anti-a serum in each f the A wells n the fur trays. 11. Place 3 drps f the simulated anti-b serum in each f the B wells n the fur trays. 12. Place 3 drps f the simulated Rh serum in each f the Rh wells n the fur trays. 13. Stir each sample with a clean tthpick (REMEMBER, YOU CLEAN IT BETWEEN STIRS!) 14. Observe the slide and recrd yur bservatin in Table 2. T cnfirm agglutinatin, try reading text thrugh the mixed sample. If yu cannt read the text, assume yu have a psitive agglutinatin reactin. Bld Surce Anti-A Serum Anti-B Serum Anti-Rh Serum Bld Type Crime Scene Victim Suspect 1 Suspect 2 Suspect 3 Table 1 Questins 1. As a frensics technician, the curts have asked yu t summarize yur findings t the jury. Explain what yu wuld say in the space belw. (Remember, it is yur jb t reprt the facts, nt decide wh is guilty.) 2. Why is it necessary t type the victim s bld? 3. Lk at Suspect #3, using the infrmatin frm Figure 1 (p.1) and the data frm yur bld type analysis: a. What ABO antigens are present n the suspect s red bld cells? b. What ABO antibdies are fund in the suspect s bld plasma? c. What is the suspect s bld type?

4 d. If the suspect needed a bld transfusin, what bld types culd he/she receive? e. What bld types culd safely receive this suspect s bld? 4. Yu are a defense attrney representing the accused. Yur client has been shwn t have the same bld type as that fund at the scene f the crime. Explain t the jury why this infrmatin alne is nt enugh t cnvict yur client. 5. As the client s attrney, yu have als been prvided with the plice videtape f the crime scene analysis. In the vide, yu ntice that ne f the investigating fficers has a bandage n his hand. Hw culd yu use this evidence t yur advantage? Extensin: 1. Using the Light Cycler Data prvided, which f the fllwing samples culd belng t the primary suspect in the abve case. Explain hw yu arrived at yur cnclusin using the graphs and data prvided. 2. Using the mlecular data prvided regarding the nucletides f the bld type gene, which nucletide sequence culd the primary suspect have at the fllwing lcatins: 796, 261 and 802?

5 If the suspect has the bld type A+, yu wuld expect that at the lcus 796 they wuld have the nucletide C/C, at 261 G/del r G/G (depending n whether they are AA r AO), at 802 is wuld be likely that they wuld have the nucletide G.