SAMSON CERA SYSTEM LEUSCH PFEIFFER RINGO VÁLVULAS STARLINE VETEC Rotary Valves. Information Sheet

Transcription

1 SAMSON CERA SYSTEM LEUSCH PFEIFFER RINGO VÁLVULAS STARLINE VETEC Rtary Valves Infrmatin Sheet Part 5 DIN ANSI API Valve size DN 15 t 2000 NPS ½ t / 16 t 7 1 / 16 Pressure rating PN 6 t 400 Class 125 t 2500 Class 2000 t Temperature Up t 1000 C Up t 1830 F Up t 482 F Editin February 2015 Infrmatin Sheet T EN

2 2 T EN

3 Cntents Overview f markets and prperties 4 SAMSON, PFEIFFER and LEUSCH butterfly valves 4 Ball valves 6 CERA SYSTEM ball valves 6 PFEIFFER and RINGO VÁLVULAS ball valves 8 STARLINE ball valves (flating and TwinValve designs) 10 STARLINE ball valves (trunnin design) 12 SAMSON segmented ball valves as well as PFEIFFER tank bttm valves and rtary plug valves 14 VETEC rtary plug valves 16 Rtary valves 18 Principle f peratin 18 Special features 18 Designs 18 Butterfly valves 18 Ball valves 19 Segmented ball valves 20 Tank bttm valves 20 Rtary plug valves 20 Terminlgy 21 T EN 3

4 Overview f markets and prperties SAMSON, PFEIFFER and LEUSCH butterfly valves Standard versin; Special versin/ptin Markets Applicatin Suitable fr Versin Cnnectin Valve size Pressure rating Medium temperature [ C] SAMSON PFEIFFER LEUSCH Type 3331 Type 10a Type 10e Type 14b LTR 43 Chemicals and petrchemicals Refineries (dwnstream applicatins) Oil and gas (upstream and midstream applicatins) Industrial gases Energy Pharmaceutical and bitechnlgy Fd and beverage Pulp and paper Mining and re extractin HVAC, building autmatin, district heating and cling Water, waste water Irn and steel Fertilizer and agricultural chemistry Other markets On/ff service Thrttling service Fibrus media Media cntaining suspended matter Crrsive media Highly viscus media Abrasive media Seawater Oxygen DIN ANSI JIS GOST Wafer (sandwich) Lug Flange Welding ends Graylc (clamp cnnectin) DN 100 t t t t t 2500 NPS 4 t 16 4 t 32 2 t 16 2 t 20 3 t 100 PN 10 t /16 10 t t 420 Class 150 t t 150 t 2500 Standard 10 t t t ( 10) t t +350 Lw ( 60) 196 High T EN

5 Materials Munting and seal f clsure member Leakage rate Further versins and ther features SAMSON PFEIFFER LEUSCH Type 3331 Type 10a Type 10e Type 14b LTR 43 Carbn steel Stainless steel Frged steel (Type 14c) Special materials Lining PTFE PTFE (Incnel) Centric Duble eccentric Triple-eccentric Metal seal Sft seal Hard facing, armr IEC r ANSI/FCI 70-2 VI VI VI DIN EN , P12 A A A DIN , BN/BO API 598 % f K VS at max. pening angle 0.5 t 1 % Tp entry Fire-safe Fugitive emissins (TA Luft) (TA Luft) (TA Luft) (TA Luft) (TA Luft) (TA Luft, ISO 15848, thers) Anti-cavitatin Nise reductin Bidirectinal flw Heating jacket (Type 14a) NACE API 6D Blw-ut prf shaft Static discharge SIL Replaceable seat ring and disk ring AIR TORQUE SRP/DAP (Type 31a) SRP/DAP (Type 31a) SRP/DAP (Type 31a) SRP/DAP (Type 31a) SAMSON Type 3278 (<NPS 6) Recmmended actuatr Rtrk GP Other Type 30a Type 30a Type 30a and GH AUMA, Electric actuatr Rtrk etc. Dcumentatin u T 8227 u TB 10a u TB 10e u TB 14b u LTR 43 SC A/ DR A T EN 5

6 Ball valves Table 1: CERA SYSTEM ball valves Standard versin; Special versin/ptin Markets Applicatin Suitable fr Versin Cnnectin Valve size Pressure rating Medium temperature [ C] CERA SYSTEM KSV KST KST-HT KAT KZT KGT KBR Chemicals and petrchemicals Refineries (dwnstream applicatins) Oil and gas (upstream and midstream applicatins) Industrial gases Energy Pharmaceutical and bitechnlgy Fd and beverage Pulp and paper Mining and re extractin HVAC, building autmatin, district heating and cling Water, waste water Irn and steel Fertilizer and agricultural chemistry Other markets On/ff service Thrttling service Fibrus media Media cntaining suspended matter Crrsive media Highly viscus media Abrasive media Seawater Oxygen DIN ANSI JIS GOST Wafer (sandwich) Lug Flange Thread Welding ends Graylc (clamp cnnectin) DN 15 t 15 t NPS ½ t 12 ½ t 12 ½ t 12 ½ t 12 2½ t 12 2½ t 12 1¼ t 12 PN 10 t t t t t t t 40 Class Standard Lw High 150 t 30 t t t t t 150 t 600 Up t 450 Up t t 150 t t t t 150 t t t t 150 t t t t 150 t 30 t t T EN

7 Materials CERA SYSTEM KSV KST KST-HT KAT KZT KGT KBR Carbn steel Stainless steel Frged steel Special materials Lining Al 2 O 3 Si 3 N 4 / SSiC 1) ZrO2/ Al 2 O 3 Si 3 N 4 / SSiC ZrO2/ SSiC Si 3 N 4 ZrO2/ Al 2 O 3 Si 3 N 4 / SSiC ZrO2/ Al 2 O 3 Si 3 N 4 / SSiC ZrO2/ Al 2 O 3 Si 3 N 4 / SSiC Flating design Trunnin design Live-laded seat ring Munting and seal f Metal seal clsure member Sft seal Hard facing, armr Ceramic IEC r ANSI/FCI 70-2 IV IV IV V V V Leakage rate DIN EN , P12 DIN , BN/BO API 598 Tp entry Full bre Reduced bre Fire-safe Fugitive emissins (TA Luft, ISO 15848, thers) (TA Luft) (TA Luft) (TA Luft) (TA Luft) (TA Luft) (TA Luft) Anti-cavitatin Further versins and Nise reductin ther features Bidirectinal flw Heating jacket NACE API 6D Blw-ut prf shaft Static discharge SIL AIR TORQUE Recmmended actuatr SAMSON Type 3278 Other Electric actuatr Dcumentatin u 1) Plastic bdy (PP r PVDF) pssible T EN 7

8 Table 2: PFEIFFER and RINGO VÁLVULAS ball valves Standard versin; Special versin/ptin Markets Applicatin Suitable fr Versin Cnnectin Valve size Pressure rating Medium temperature [ C] PFEIFFER RINGO Type 20a Type 20b Type 26 API 6D API 6A Chemicals and petrchemicals Refineries (dwnstream applicatins) Oil and gas (upstream and midstream applicatins) Industrial gases Energy Pharmaceutical and bitechnlgy Fd and beverage Pulp and paper Mining and re extractin HVAC, building autmatin, district heating and cling Water, waste water Irn and steel Fertilizer and agricultural chemistry Other markets On/ff service Thrttling service 1) 1) Fibrus media Media cntaining suspended matter Crrsive media Highly viscus media Abrasive media Seawater Oxygen DIN ANSI JIS GOST Wafer (sandwich) Lug Flange Thread Welding ends Graylc (clamp cnnectin) DN 15 t t t 800 NPS ½ t 8 On request ½ t 32 ½ t /16 t 7 1 /16 PN t 420 Class Standard 10 t t t t t t +250 Lw High API Class 2000 t t T EN

9 Materials Munting and seal f clsure member Leakage rate Further versins and ther features PFEIFFER RINGO Type 20a Type 20b Type 26 API 6D API 6A Carbn steel Stainless steel Frged steel Special materials Lining PTFE PFA Nn-stick cating Flating design Ally Tungsten carbide (up t NPS 2) Ally Tungsten carbide Trunnin design Live-laded seat ring Metal seal Sft seal Hard facing, armr Ceramic IEC r ANSI/FCI 70-2 VI VI VI VI VI DIN EN , P12 A A A/B A A DIN , BN/BO API 598 Tp entry Full bre Reduced bre Fire-safe Fugitive emissins (TA Luft, ISO 15848, thers) Anti-cavitatin Nise reductin (ISO 15848) (ISO 15848) Bidirectinal flw Heating jacket NACE API 6D Blw-ut prf shaft Static discharge SIL SIL 3 SIL 3 AIR TORQUE SRP/DAP (Type 31a) SRP/DAP (Type 31a) SRP/DAP (Type 31a) SAMSON Type 3278 Recmmended actuatr Type 31 Other (PFEIFFER) Electric actuatr Dcumentatin u TB 20a u TB 20b u TB 26a-s u 1) Calibrated sealing rings fr cntrl ptin T EN 9

10 Table 3: STARLINE ball valves (flating and TwinValve designs) Standard versin; Special versin/ptin Markets Applicatin Suitable fr Versin Cnnectin Valve size Pressure rating Medium temperature [ C] Flating STARLINE TwinValve Standard MetalStar CryStar DBB SBB Chemicals and petrchemicals Refineries (dwnstream applicatins) Oil and gas (upstream and midstream applicatins) Industrial gases Energy Pharmaceutical and bitechnlgy Fd and beverage Pulp and paper Mining and re extractin HVAC, building autmatin, district heating and cling Water, waste water Irn and steel Fertilizer and agricultural chemistry Other markets On/ff service Thrttling service Fibrus media Media cntaining suspended matter Crrsive media Highly viscus media Abrasive media Seawater Oxygen DIN ANSI JIS GOST Wafer (sandwich) Lug Flange Thread Welding ends Graylc (clamp cnnectin) DN 8 t t t t 15 t NPS ¼ t 8 ½ t 3 ½ t 6 ½ t 12 ½ t 12 PN 10 t t t t t 420 Class Standard Lw High 150 t t t t t t t t t t T EN

11 Materials Flating STARLINE TwinValve Standard MetalStar CryStar DBB SBB Carbn steel Stainless steel Frged steel Special materials Lining 316 WO fr > NPS 4 1) Ally WO fr > NPS 4 1) 316 WO fr > NPS 4 1) Ally WO fr > NPS 4 1) Flating design Trunnin design Live-laded seat ring Munting and seal f Metal seal clsure member Sft seal Hard facing, armr Ceramic IEC r ANSI/FCI 70-2 VI V VI VI VI Leakage rate DIN EN , P12 A C A A A DIN , BN/BO API 598 Tp entry Full bre Reduced bre Fire-safe Fugitive emissins (TA Luft, ISO 15848, thers) 2) 2) 2) 2) Anti-cavitatin Further versins and Nise reductin ther features Bidirectinal flw Heating jacket NACE API 6D Blw-ut prf shaft Static discharge SIL SIL 3 SIL 3 SIL 3 SIL 3 SIL 3 AIR TORQUE Recmmended actuatr SAMSON Type 3278 Other Electric actuatr Dcumentatin u u 1) WO (weld verlay) 2) Temperature and pressure rating limits must be bserved. T EN 11

12 Table 4: STARLINE ball valves (trunnin design) Standard versin; Special versin/ptin Markets Applicatin Suitable fr Versin Cnnectin Valve size Pressure rating Medium temperature [ C] Standard STARLINE trunnin design Abrasive service High temperature Crygenic Chemicals and petrchemicals Refineries (dwnstream applicatins) Oil and gas (upstream and midstream applicatins) Industrial gases Energy Pharmaceutical and bitechnlgy Fd and beverage Pulp and paper Mining and re extractin HVAC, building autmatin, district heating and cling Water, waste water Irn and steel Fertilizer and agricultural chemistry Other markets On/ff service Thrttling service Fibrus media Media cntaining suspended matter Crrsive media Highly viscus media Abrasive media Seawater Oxygen DIN ANSI JIS GOST Wafer (sandwich) Lug Flange Thread Welding ends Graylc (clamp cnnectin) DN 15 t 15 t 15 t 15 t NPS ½ t 12 ½ t 12 ½ t 12 ½ t 12 PN 10 t t t t 420 Class 150 t t t t 2500 Standard 46 t t t t 50 Lw High 12 T EN

13 Materials Munting and seal f clsure member Leakage rate Further versins and ther features Recmmended actuatr Dcumentatin 1) WO (weld verlay) Standard STARLINE trunnin design Abrasive service High temperature Crygenic Carbn steel Stainless steel Frged steel Special materials Lining 316 WO fr > NPS 4 1) Ally WO fr > NPS 4 1) 316 WO fr > NPS 4 1) Ally WO fr > NPS 4 1) 316 WO fr > NPS 4 1) Ally WO fr > NPS 4 1) Flating design Trunnin design Live-laded seat ring Metal seal Sft seal Hard facing, armr Ceramic IEC r ANSI/FCI 70-2 VI V V VI DIN EN , P12 A C C A DIN , BN/BO API 598 Tp entry Full bre Reduced bre Fire-safe Fugitive emissins (TA Luft, ISO 15848, thers) Anti-cavitatin Nise reductin Bidirectinal flw Heating jacket NACE API 6D Blw-ut prf shaft Static discharge SIL SIL 3 SIL 3 SIL 3 SIL 3 AIR TORQUE SAMSON Type 3278 Other Electric actuatr u T EN 13

14 SAMSON segmented ball valves as well as PFEIFFER tank bttm valves and rtary plug valves Standard versin; Special versin/ptin Markets Applicatin Suitable fr Versin Cnnectin Valve size Pressure rating Medium temperature [ C] SAMSON Segmented ball valve PFEIFFER Tank bttm valves PFEIFFER Rtary plug valve Type 3310 Type 21a Type 22a Type 23e Chemicals and petrchemicals Refineries (dwnstream applicatins) Oil and gas (upstream and midstream applicatins) Industrial gases Energy Pharmaceutical and bitechnlgy Fd and beverage Pulp and paper Mining and re extractin HVAC, building autmatin, district heating and cling Water, waste water Irn and steel Fertilizer and agricultural chemistry Other markets On/ff service Thrttling service Fibrus media Media cntaining suspended matter Crrsive media Highly viscus media Abrasive media Seawater Oxygen DIN 1) ANSI JIS GOST Wafer (sandwich) Lug Flange Thread Welding ends Graylc (clamp cnnectin) DN 25 t 1) 50 t t 25 t 80 NPS 1 t 12 2 t 12 1 t 3 PN 40 1) t Class 150 t 150 t Standard 29 t t t t 200 Lw High T EN

15 Materials Munting and seal f clsure member Leakage rate Further versins and ther features SAMSON Segmented ball valve PFEIFFER Tank bttm valves PFEIFFER Rtary plug valve Type 3310 Type 21a Type 22a Type 23e Carbn steel Stainless steel Frged steel Special materials Lining PTFE Nn-stick cating PTFE Flating design Trunnin design Live-laded seat ring Metal seal Sft seal Hard facing, armr Ceramic IEC r ANSI/FCI 70-2 IV/VI VI VI VI DIN EN , P12 A A A DIN , BN/BO API 598 Tp entry Full bre Reduced bre Fire-safe Fugitive emissins (TA Luft, ISO 15848, thers) Anti-cavitatin Nise reductin Bidirectinal flw Heating jacket NACE API 6D Blw-ut prf shaft Static discharge SIL Replaceable seat ring and disk ring AIR TORQUE SRP/DAP (Type 31a) SRP/DAP (Type 31a) SAMSON Type 3278 Recmmended actuatr Type 31 Other (PFEIFFER) PS Autmatin, Electric actuatr Rtrk etc. Dcumentatin u T 8222 u TB 21a u TB 22a u T 23e 1) Face-t-face dimensins accrding t ASME and flanges accrding t DIN T EN 15

16 VETEC rtary plug valves Standard versin; Special versin/ptin Markets Applicatin Suitable fr Versin Cnnectin Valve size Pressure rating Medium temperature [ C] VETEC Chemicals and petrchemicals Refineries (dwnstream applicatins) Oil and gas (upstream and midstream applicatins) Industrial gases Energy Pharmaceutical and bitechnlgy Fd and beverage Pulp and paper Mining and re extractin HVAC, building autmatin, district heating and cling Water, waste water Irn and steel Fertilizer and agricultural chemistry Other markets On/ff service Thrttling service Fibrus media Media cntaining suspended matter Crrsive media Highly viscus media Abrasive media Seawater Oxygen DIN ANSI JIS GOST Wafer (sandwich) Lug Flange 1) 1) Thread Welding ends Graylc (clamp cnnectin) DN 25 t t t 25 t t t 250 NPS 1 t 8 1 t 28 1 t 12 1 t 10 1 t 28 1 t 10 PN 10 t t t t t t 40 Class Standard Lw High 150 t 29 t t t 100 t t + 10 t t 100 t t + 10 t t t t + 10 t t t t + 10 t t 100 t t + 10 t T EN

17 VETEC Carbn steel Stainless steel Frged steel Materials Special materials Lining Ceramic/ carbide metal Centric Duble eccentric Triple-eccentric Munting and seal f Metal seal clsure member Sft seal Hard facing, armr Ceramic IEC r ANSI/FCI 70-2 IV/VI IV/VI IV/VI IV/VI IV/VI IV/VI Leakage rate DIN EN , P12 VI VI VI VI VI VI DIN , BN/BO API 598 Tp entry Fire-safe Fugitive emissins (TA Luft, ISO 15848, thers) Anti-cavitatin Nise reductin Further versins and Bidirectinal flw ther features Heating jacket NACE API 6D Blw-ut prf shaft Static discharge SIL AIR TORQUE Recmmended actuatr SAMSON Type 3278 Other Electric actuatr Dcumentatin u T 62.7 u T 72.3 u T 72.4 u T 73.3 u T 73.7 u T ) Lng flange versin; face-t-face dimensins accrding t DIN EN T EN 17

18 Rtary valves Principle f peratin The actuatr pens the clsure member f a rtary valve frm 0 t 270. This causes the medium flw thrugh the valve t be either thrttled r shut ff. Special features Rtary valves have a mre cmpact design than glbe valves. Cnsequently, these valves are mre cst-efficient in large nminal sizes. Additinally, they have a higher flw capacities. The advantages and disadvantages as well as the fields f applicatin depend n the rtary valve design. Designs Butterfly valves The shaft turns the butterfly disk used t shut ff r t cntrl the medium flw by up t 90. The varius butterfly valve designs, in particular the bearing design f the disk, allws the valves t be used fr thrttling r n/ff service. Butterfly valves in the wafer-type r lug-type design are cst-effective and use less material. They are primarily used fr large nminal sizes. Butterfly valves are nly suitable in applicatins where the pressure drp is relatively lw. Higher differential pressures cause higher nise emissins and increase the lad n the valve cmpnents. Pssible cuntermeasures are restricted by the valve cnstructin and space available in the valve. Special features f butterfly valves Centric cntrl butterfly valves Duble-eccentric cntrl and shutff butterfly valves Triple-eccentric cntrl and shutff butterfly valves Simple applicatins in pwer statins and HVAC Thrttling service nly due t high leakage 0.5 t 1 % f K VS cefficient at maximum pening angle Suitable fr chlrine applicatins Lined versins specially fr crrsive media 8 t 12 mm thick lining t prevent permeatin Metal-seated versin fr use in steam pipes Versatile use t meet stricter requirements Excellent seat shut-ff: leakage class VI r A (metal-seated valve) Exchangeable seat and disk rings facilitate maintenance Versins available fr reduced nise and cavitatin Quick-acting shut-ff versin with damping system fr clsing time less than 0.5 s Fire-safe design See table SAMSON, PFEIFFER and LEUSCH butterfly valves (p. 4) 18 T EN

19 Ball valves Either a ball with a cylindrical passage r a segmented V-ntch ball is used in ball valves t cntrl the flw rate r shut ff the prcess medium. The ball is lcated between tw metal r PTFE seat rings. The ball can be rtated by 90 (quarter-turn ball valve). The seat rings press against the ball and the sharp edges f the hle thrugh the ball help wipe ff particles that stick t the ball and cut ff any lng fibers. When the valve is pen, the full pipe crss-sectin is released, which causes a negligible lss in pressure and allws its use in pigging systems. Careful machining f valve inside surfaces ensures that a gastight shut-ff can be achieved even at high pressure drps. Due t the high frictin trques and gas-tight shut-ff, ball valves are mainly used in n/ff service. There are tw types f ball valves: flating and trunnin-munted ball valves. The ball f the trunnin-munted ball valve is munted n bth sides, resulting in less frictin trque which means smaller actuatrs can be used. Additinally, higher trques can be transferred which allws higher differential pressures t be cntrlled. Hwever, munting the ball n bth sides makes the cnstructin mre cmplicated. Special features f ball valves Ceramic-lined cntrl and shutff ball valves PTFE/PFA-lined metal shut-ff ball valves Metal-seated cntrl and shut-ff ball valves Frged metal-seated shut-ff ball valves Lw wear prevents plant shutdwns Varius ceramic materials, e.g. aluminum xide, zircnium dixide, silicn carbide and silicn nitride Optinal plastic bdy Typical fields f applicatins: steelwrks and fssil-fuel pwer statins, mining, chemical (titanium dixide), waste incineratrs, pulp and paper, biethanl plants, cal gasificatin, recycling plants Prven in chemical and petrchemical industries Custmized slutins Suitable fr chlrine applicatins Lined versins and stainless steel versins fr crrsive media Metal-seated versin fr use in steam pipes Mdular design Versins accrding t API 6D and API 6A specificatins Suitable fr munting n wellhead and christmas tree equipment T meet stricter requirements Large valve sizes, high pressure ratings and wide temperature ranges Tp-entry design t facilitate maintenance Fire-safe design Lng service life Mdular tw-piece r three-piece side-entry design Versin accrding t DIN EN ISO 5211 Valves up t categry 3 accrding t Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC, Mdule H Valves cmplying with ATEX 97/9/EC Fire-safe design accrding t API 6FA, API 607 and DIN EN ISO T meet stricter requirements Fire-safe design See Table 1 (p. 6) See Table 2 (p. 8) See Table 2 (p. 8) See Table 3 (p. 10) and Table 4 (p. 12) T EN 19

20 Segmented ball valves The design f the segmented ball valve is based n the trunnin-munted ball valve. In place f a slid ball, a segmented ball with either a linear r equal percentage characteristic is used. T reduce the wear n the bdy when cntrlling abrasive media, the directin f flw can be reversed. Special allys can als be used n request. The segmented ball is sealed by a spring-laded seat. Segmented ball valves are characterized by lw frictin trque, high flw cefficients and a clsure member with its wn characteristic. As a result, they are ften used fr thrttling service where the pressure drp is lw in the pen psitin. Special features Precise cntrl with high flw capacity Suitable fr use with fibrus media Free passage at 100 % pen psitin SAMSON Type 3310 Segmented Ball Valve with rtary actuatr See table SAMSON segmented ball valves as well as PFEIFFER tank bttm valves and rtary plug valves (p. 14) Tank bttm valves In tank bttm valves, the ball with its cylindrical bre rtates arund the center axis. The rtary angle f the ball determines the flw rate acrss the free area between the bdy and the ball channel. PTFE-lined tank bttm valves are mainly suited fr crrsive media. In the standard versin, these ball valves have a shaft which is lcated at an angle away frm the tank. This allws the ptimal psitin f the actuatr t the tank. PFEIFFER Type 21a Tank Bttm Valve See table SAMSON segmented ball valves as well as PFEIFFER tank bttm valves and rtary plug valves (p. 14) Rtary plug valves A duble ffset is created in rtary plug valves: the center line f the shaft and plug (first ffset), and the pivt f the plug (secnd ffset). This duble ffset causes the plug t be immediately lifted ut f the seat resulting in n frictin r initial breakaway trque when the shaft turns frm the clsed t pen psitin. The valve shws a stable cntrl respnse even at small pening angles. The flw cefficient can be reduced by a smaller seat diameter. As a result, thrttling service is pssible when the valve is pen even with medium differential pressures. Rtary plug valves are mainly used fr thrttling service, especially fr media cntaining slids. Special features Higher flw velcities cmpared t glbe valves Shrt bdy fr cmpact, lightweight design Suitable fr all prcess media, regardless f whether they are viscus, abrasive, caking, cntain slid matter r have a tendency t crystallize ut N frictin N stick-slip effect Rangeability 200:1 Special features Dead space minimized Especially lw leakage rate in n/ff service (tight clsing) Self-adjusting sealing system laded by spring washers VETEC Type 82.7 MAXIFLUSS Rtary Plug Valve See table VETEC rtary plug valves (p. 16) 20 T EN

21 Terminlgy States f the prcess medium Fibrus media cntain fibers (predminately cellulse fibers). This state is mainly fund in paper prductin. Media that cntain suspended matter, such as mineral r rganic slid matter, are unable t disslve. Due t the small size and light weight f the slids, the matter is suspended and is redistributed at the slightest mvement f the prcess medium. Crrsive media include acids and alkaline slutins that cause crrsin f metal cmpnents. Highly viscus media include heavy fuel ils. Abrasive media cause the valve parts that cme int cntact with the medium t wear quickly. This wear is caused by the slid matter cntained in the medium. It can be cunteracted thrugh the selectin f the crrect materials and cnstructin. The salt cntained in seawater causes crrsin. The service life f valves used in cnjunctin with seawater can be cnsiderably imprved by the use f high-grade stainless steel r linings. Oxygen is a hazardus substance due its ability t ignite. Therefre, safety measures and manufacturer's instructins must be bserved when valves are used fr xygen service. Cnnectins Flanged cnnectins can be easily exchanged as the cnstructin and face-t-face dimensins are defined in standards (e.g. DIN EN 558, DIN EN 1092). Wafer-type r lug-type designs are available as an alternative t flanged valves. These versins are cst-effective and use less material. These valve versins are mainly used fr large valve sizes t reduce the material required fr the valve cnstructin. The wafer-type is the simplest cnstructin. The lug-type cnstructin has threaded lugs t match the brehles in the mating flange f the pipeline. Graylc is a patented clamp cnnectin als used fr high-pressure cnnectins. These clamps prvide a very tight cnnectin, are easy t remve and can als be used fr high pressures. Clamp cnnectins are mainly used in the chemical industry, il and gas sectr as well as in applicatins with industrial gases. Clamp cnnectins are smaller and lighter in weight than flanged jints. Furthermre, they can be pened and clsed quickly withut the need fr special tls. Wafer-type Flanged Lug-type Centric and eccentric valves The pivt f the centric design is central t the bdy, pipe and butterfly disk. The metal-seated versin f the centric butterfly valve is nly used fr thrttling due t its high seat leakage caused by the facing f the shaft cnstructin. In cntrast, butterfly valves with sft-seated seat rings prvide an excellent tight shut-ff and are, therefre, suitable fr n/ff service. Centric valve The eccentric valves have a single ffset: 1. Offset between the center line f the shaft and disk This ffset reduces the crss-sectin released in the passage which may lead t increased seat leakage. Eccentric valve First ffset T EN 21

22 Duble-eccentric valves has tw ffsets: 1. Offset between the center line f the shaft and disk 2. Offset between the center line f the bdy and disk This cnstructin causes less frictin between the seat ring and disk ring. Furthermre, a much better tight shut-ff is achieved in cmparisn t the centric and eccentric butterfly valves due t the ffset seal. These valves are used fr bth n/ff and thrttling service. Types f ball valves There are tw types f ball valves: flating and trunnin-munted. The ball in the flating ball valve is attached t the shaft at the tp and guided at the bttm by a plain bearing. Secnd ffset First ffset Duble-eccentric valve Triple-eccentric design have the three ffsets: 1. Offset between the center line f the shaft and disk 2. Offset between the center line f the bdy and disk 3. Offset between the seal and the center line f the bdy The seat and butterfly disk have a slanted design. As a result, the disk is lifted int the seat when it clses. The cntact between the seat and disk shut ff the valve. The seal and seat ring are separate. The advantage f triple-eccentric metal-seated butterfly valves is the bubble tight shut-ff even fr large-sized valves r lng perids f service. These valves are used fr bth n/ff and thrttling service. Flating ball The ball in the trunnin-munted ball valve is anchred at the tp and bttm by tw bearing bushings. The additinal anchrage allws higher trques t be transferred and higher clsing pressures t be used fr large valve sizes. Trunnin-munted ball valves are mainly used t meet stricter requirements and fr large valve sizes and high pressure ratings. Secnd ffset First ffset Trunnin-munted ball Third ffset Triple-eccentric valve 22 T EN

23 Live-laded seat ring in ball valves In ball valves, shut-ff between the seat and ball is implemented by a live-laded seat ring. This results in a gas-tight shut-ff t the utlet when the ball valve is clsed. Mst trunnin-munted ball valves have live-laded seat rings. Crss-sectinal area f flw A full bre means that the crss-sectin is nt restricted when the valve is fully pen. Full bre A reduced bre means that the crss-sectin is restricted even when the valve is fully pen. Live-laded seat ring Design Side-entry valve cnstructins are usually assembled frm tw r three pieces which are blted tgether. This type f valve must be remved frm the pipeline fr maintenance. The ne-pieced tp-entry valve cnstructin allws internal parts t be installed r remved while the valve is installed in the pipeline. Internal parts can be accessed thrugh the bnnet r special shaped bdy. Tp-entry design Reduced bre Fire-safe versin The fire-safe requirements are intended fr the functin testing f safety valves. In the event f a fire in the plant, the shut-ff functin f the valve must be guaranteed and the specified amunt leakage must be kept between the inlet and utlet f the valve as well as leakage t the atmsphere fr a defined time perid. The mst cmmn standards fr functin testing include BS 6755, API 607 and ISO 10497, which define the cnditins and testing. Nte: The fire-safe versin des nt meet the same requirements as a valve fitted with fire-prtectin jacketing (heat pads). Fugitive emissins Fugitive emissins applies t the stem leakage f shut-ff and cntrl valves. Varius regulatins exist that specify leakage limits e.g. TA Luft (Germany) r ISO and ANSI/ FCI T EN 23

24 Anti-cavitatin Aviding cavitatin is nly relevant t cntrl valves as it cncncerns pressure letdwn. Varius cnstructins are used by valve manufacturers based n the sizing criteria. A general slutin applicable t all SAMSON valves is the Type 3381 Silencer. By raising the dwnstream pressure, the medium pressure at the valve utlet is increased t a level abve vapr pressure, which prevents cavitatin. See Data Sheet u T 8084 fr mre details. Attenuatin plates in SAMSON Type 3381 Silencer Nise reductin The nise emissin in the valve increases as the pressure letdwn increases. This als causes the flw lad t increase. Valve manufactures apply varius cnstructive measures t cunteract this prblem. In mst cases, the nise emissin is reduced by installing perfrated element in the axis f the flw. Nise-reducing measures by LEUSCH (left) and VETEC (right) Heating jacket Valves fitted with heating jackets are used in applicatins where prcess media tend t crystallize, e.g. sluble salts, r when the temperature f the prcess media must nt fall belw a certain limit. NACE standards NACE Internatinal (Natinal Assciatin f Crrsin Engineers) rganizatin is active in crrsin cntrl. It publishes material requirements (MR) standards. The rganizatin fcuses n the avidance f sulfide stress cracking (SSC). This phenmenn ften ccurs, fr example, in il and gas prductin. Natural gas and crude il cntain high levels f hydrgen sulfide (H 2 S) which may cause sulfide stress cracking in carbn and lw ally steels. The NACE standards define the materials that are resistant t cracking in il and gas systems. The API 6A specificatin defines the requirements placed n ball valves used in upstream applicatins. API 6D The API 6D specificatin defines the requirements and prvides recmmendatins fr the design, manufacture, testing and dcumentatin f ball, check, gate and plug valves fr use in pipeline systems in the il and gas industry. Blw-ut prf shaft This design prevents the shaft frm being ejected ut f the valve while remving the actuatr r when the valve is under pressure. Static discharge The rtary mtin f the ball can create static charging between the plastic seat rings and packing. Depending n the prcess medium and envirnmental cnditins, this may lead t a fire r explsin. This is prevented by discharging static electricity ver cnductive parts (e.g. carbn bearings) with a resistance f maximum 50 Ω. Optinally, the ball valve bdy can be grunded in the plant. SIL (Safety Integrity Level) The SIL is used t rate safety-instrumented systems. There are fur discrete levels t specify safety requirements. SIL 4 represents the highest level and SIL 1 the lwest. In simplified terms, SIL describes the prbability f failure f the entire safety lp (nt just the valve) within a certain perid f time. The IEC r IEC standards must be taken int accunt n sizing safety-instrumented systems in the prcess industry. The valves used in the safety-instrumented system play a significant rle and are ften the dminant factr n determining the SIL rating achieved fr the entire safety-instrumented functin (SIF). Specificatins subject t change withut ntice SAMSON AG MESS- UND REGELTECHNIK Weismüllerstraße Frankfurt am Main, Germany Phne: Fax: samsn@samsn.de T EN English