TECHNOLOGIES INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTS ELECTRIC BUSES AND NETWORKS

Transcription

1 UITP TRAINING PROGRAMME on behalf of GIZ TRANSPORT AND CLIMATE CHANGE WEEK MODULE: TECHNOLOGIES INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTS ELECTRIC BUSES AND NETWORKS JEN FONGERS /SENIOR ADVISOR BUS AND SMART CITIES BERLIN, SEPTEMBER 21,

2 UITP TRAINING PROGRAMME on behalf of GIZ TRANSPORT AND CLIMATE CHANGE WEEK MODULE: TECHNOLOGIES INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTS ELECTRIC BUSES AND NETWORKS JEN FONGERS /SENIOR ADVISOR BUS AND SMART CITIES BERLIN, SEPTEMBER 21,

3 CONTENT OF THIS SESSION 1. Why Hybrid and/or Electric drive lines? 2. Electric drive line configurations 3. Charging system 4. Fuel cell (Hydrogen) Hybrid buse 5. Operational costs 6. Developments / Actuals / Trends. 3 UITP

4 THE ENERGY CHOICE Emissions Electrification 4 UITP

5 HYBRID AND/OR ELECTRIC DRIVE LINE versus regular drive lines with a COMBUSTION ENGINE 1. Advantages: Zero emission (at point of operation) Lower energy consumption (20 % due to regenerative braking) High(er) performances Longer life cycles (due to technique) Silent drive. Better comfort for driver and passengers. Less pollution (Nox, particles, etc). Electric energy is the only energy we can generate clean from renewable sources, without environmental impacts Prof. Dr. Ing. Müller-Hellmann at ZeEUS Kick off, Brussel January UITP

6 HYBRID AND/OR ELECTRIC DRIVE LINE versus regular drive lines with a combustion engine 2. Disadvantages: Quite new Technology for PT Although: Infrastructure. Electro-Grids needed Life cycle of Battery-component? Implementation of many pilot-models Electricity not always green (Well to Wheel) Prof. Müller-Hellman.. 6 UITP

7 HYBRID AND/OR ELECTRIC BUSES 36 <<< >>> UITP

8 HYBRID-ELECTRIC DRIVE LINE SYSTEMS Let's delve deeper into the technique of hybrid (cross between two of a kind) (electric) drivelines on buses.. 8

9 2. Drive line configurations: Br Conventional Full Electric Parallel Hybrid Split Hybrid 9 Combution engine with (aut) gearbox Combution engine with generator Verbrandings- en elektromotor zijn verbonden met de aandrijving. Deze kunnen het voertuig afzonderlijk of gezamenlijk aandrijven. Electric motor Fuel tank Battery (package) Het vermogen van de verbrandingsmotor kan zowel op de aangedreven as als op de dynamo worden overgebracht. Serial Hybrid Het vermogen van de verbrandingsmotor wordt in een dynamo geheel in elektrisch energie omgezet. Source: EOV / J. Fongers / RET

10 Electric motor central or integrated in axle E-Driveline, energy source concepts. Energy storage External energy supply Cable & plug Conductive Inductive Opportunity charging Overhead line Battery Traction electrics Generator Diesel engine Gas engine Fuel cell On-board energy generation Regenerative electric energy (motor = alternator, while braking). 10

11 ENERGY FLOW IN FULL ELECTRIC BUS 11 Video from Volvo: UITP

12 Different (full) E-drives on the market Central motor + Proven technology + Lower price Takes up space in interior Comparatively loud Mounted in axle * From ZF (and BYD) + No interior intrusion + Commonality in parts and tyres HV training required for work on axle/tyres Wheel hub * From ZA / E-Traction + Highest efficiency + Exceptionally quiet No commonality of parts and tyres More susceptible to shock damage 12 UITP

13 Strategic choices (specifications) < Autonomy < Depot charging Opportunity charging Batteries + Weight - Passengers capacity Charging time = HOURS Charging time = MINUTS At the dépôt Slow Charging (High Energy) In the city Fast Charging (High Power) BATTERIES Mass 2,8 t 3,4 t BATTERIES Mass 1,6 t 13 UITP

14 3. CHARGING SYSTEMS It s not all about the vehicle... Continuous charging Overnight charging Opportunity charging Trolley Expensive infrastructure Less flexibility * Heavy battery packs Restrictive range Demands extra (power) management on depot Inductive charging Expensive vehicles Expensive installation Lower transfer efficiency Magnetic shielding Conductive charging Expensive infra Sensitive pantograph on bus and/or station Operational flexibility? 14 Credits: Volvo/Siemens/Iveco UITP 2016, all rights reserved

15 Charging systems electric buses in practice > Trolley >> also IMC In Move Charging > Battery overnight charging (plug in) >> > Battery opportunity charging 4x: > And/or a Hydrogen power pack >>> pl. wait. 15 UITP

16 Opportunity charging versus overnight charging 16

17 INDUCTIVE CHARGING 17 Video Primove: (short cut) UITP

18 Opportunity charging systems continued 6 different conductive systems Intermittent fast charging supercapacotors 1 inductive. 18 UITP

19 SHORT VIDEO GOTHENBURG MAY, With HTC Mobile Hybrid User Forum by JF. UITP

20 VIDEO (VOLVO WITH OPPCHARGE IN HAMBURG 2016) 20 Video Volvo Hamburg: UITP

21 Standardization Charging Infrastructure vital Slow charging / overnight CCS easy to be adapted Fast charging / opportunity Many charging solutions And different implementations of the same charging solution UITP ebus standardization steering & technical groups ZeEUS VDV Standardization working group 21 Basis for standardisation <<< >>> CEN-CENELEC (EC Mandate M/533 about ebus standards for 2019) UITP 2016, all rights reserved

22 4. HYDROGEN (HYBRID) BUSES Pl. Note: MAN Bus with H2 Combustion Engine at BVG, Berlin > < Hymove bus project The Netherlands EvoBus-MB Fuel Cell Buses at Hamburger Hochbahn > Van Hool H2 bus, running in Belgium London Transport VDL Phylias H2. 4x Eindhoven / Köln 22 Jf > all were Pilots 2006/ UITP

23 The HYDROGEN / FUEL CELL System 23 UITP

24 Fuel Cell explanation. 24 Video: Fuel Cell Explanation: UITP

25 Fuel Cell Buses: all still pilots but 25 UITP

26 Fuel Cell Buses: Forecast? European Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking <<< >>>

27 Once again: Factors to determine the drive line and as such the kind of fuel/energy Daily distances / number of stops Environmental impact on spot Needed power Legislations Etc. (= Paris / JF) For example: Levels of PT-electrification in the city. (by Volvo) 27 UITP

28 : YES WE CAN : YES, WE DO 28 <<< >>> UITP

29 5. ABOUT OPERATIONAL COSTS BREAK DOWN OF COSTS for Diesel City Bus 52% 9% 6% 11% 1% 8% 13% Capital Maintenance Diesel Fuel + AdBlue Drivers Other Personnel Other Cost Emission Cost 12 m. City operation: km/a and 1,10 /l Diesel >> 29 UITP

30 Yes, different rates around the world... Ex: Western country Ex: Affluent Asian country Ex. Developping country Older buses Ex. Developping country Newer buses 30 <<< >>> UITP 2016, all rights reserved

31 6. DEVELOPMENTS & TRENDS 31

32 Actuallities in the City E-Bus sector 32 Intermittent fast charging of supercapacotors

33 NOTE: Also a remarkable upgrade on Trolley busses (by adding batterypower packs) Beijing (China) 33 <<< >>> > Flexibility with batteries for sections without overhead wires. UITP 2016, all rights reserved

34 Video Trolley buses with additional batteries 34 Two You Tube videos Beijing. UITP 2016, all rights reserved

35 THE MARKET / MAKES / VEHICLES 1 ALEXANDER DENNIS 12 m & Double Deck BOLLORE BLUEBUS BYD 12 m BYD 18 m EBUSCO 12m HESS 12 m, 18 m & 24 m HEULIEZ Bus12 m 35

36 THE MARKET / MAKES / VEHICLES 2 IRIZAR 12 m & 18 m LINNKER 13 (& 12) m MAN NEW FLYER PROTERRA SOLARIS 36

37 THE MARKET / MAKES / VEHICLES 3 VAN HOOL VDL VOLVO 37 YUTONG IVECO, SOR, Dennis, etc.

38 Video > Implementation >> Impact 38 You Tube VDL (shortened/sound) : UITP

39 FEATURES For Operators and Customers 39

40 Future view on integrated bus systems 40 Scania Bus solutions You Tube:

41 FUTURE for example >> video 41 Part out of You Tube video (Mercedes): UITP

42 Thank you for your attention. 42 UITP