Energy-efficient Transportation Systems

Transcription

1 Energy-efficient Transportation Systems Electric Propulsion Systems for Busses Diesel-Electric / Hydrogen / Battery Busses Chicago, 05/13/2014 Dr.-Ing. Thoralf Knote Fraunhofer Institute for Transportation and Infrastructure Systems IVI

2 Fraunhofer IVI Applied research and development in the field of innovative transportation systems Electric Mobility Vehicle and Transport System Engineering Passenger Information and Electronic Ticketing Logistics

3 Electric Mobility A Core Strategy of the German Government - Independence from fossil fuels - Climate protection - Strengthening of the German economy

4 Electric Mobility A Core Strategy of the German Government - Various support programmes - Not focussed on one technology

5 Electric Mobility Why Busses? Pre-defined routes and schedules, which allow - the adaptation of core technologies to the routes, - recharging during operation, - the use of innovative energy and power management strategies for high energy efficiency.

6 Suitable Propulsion Technologies - Hydrogen busses - Hybrid busses - Trolleybusses (with or without energy storage) - Battery busses (busses with energy storage as sole energy source)

7 Hydrogen Busses - MAN Hydrogen ICE busses - 14 busses tested in Berlin - low reliability - cost and production of hydrogen (efficiency factor) problematic - MAN has stopped the production Source: TU International

8 Hydrogen Busses - Daimler fuel cell busses - three generations tested in Hamburg - significant technical improvements - still too expensive - currently not available Source: Lars Brüggemann - APTS / Vossloh Kiepe / HOPPECKE fuel cell busses - two vehicles currently tested in Cologne - Development of key technologies for battery busses

9 Hybrid Busses A New Operational Approach - Currently approx. 280 hybrid busses in operation - German companies deliver busses and key technologies Source: PE International Source: Rolf Schreiter

10 Hybrid Busses A New Operational Approach - Hybrid busses require certain route characteristics for significant fuel savings. - Not universally deployable - Still very expensive - Bridging technology? Source: DVB AG

11 Trolleybusses An Old-Fashioned Technology? - Mature technology with a new face - Hybrid trolleybusses offer new operational concepts: - partially catenary free operation - lines up to 65% catenary free. - German companies deliver key components Source: TrolleyMotion

12 Battery Busses The Next Challenge Battery busses must adapt to the operational requirements, not vice versa! - up to 350 km per day - no return to the bus depot in between - short dwell times at bus stops and short turn-around times

13 Battery Busses The Next Challenge - Battery busses still require a detailed energy demand analysis for each line: - energy demand vs. - storable energy and - rechargeable energy

14 Battery Busses The Next Challenge - Key technologies for battery busses in R&D: - energy storage systems - energy transfer into the bus - energy efficient auxiliaries (DC link voltage level) - energy efficient HVAC systems - Several European and national R&D support programmes

15 Battery Busses The Next Challenge - Energy storages: - several German suppliers - still insufficient energy density and life time - still too expensive but cost reduction potentials exist

16 Battery Busses The Next Challenge - Energy transfer systems: - necessary for lines with high energy demand - as few as possible actuators but high flexibility - Schunk Smart Charging

17 Thank you for your attention! Dr.-Ing. Thoralf Knote Fraunhofer Institute for Transportation and Infrastructure Systems IVI Zeunerstr. 38, Dresden, Germany Phone: +49/351/