xhrk dk luns'k Mk- d.kz flag izdk'kd % pksèkjh j.kchj flag 'kksèkihb egf"kz n;kuan fo'ofo ky;] jksgrd

Transcription

1 f}rh; pks/kjh j.kchj flg Le`fr O;k[;ku ¼2 Qjojh] 2011½ xhrk dk luns'k Mk- d.kz flg izdk'kd % pksèkjh j.kchj flg 'kksèkihb egf"kz n;kun fo'ofo ky;] jksgrd

2 Welcome to Dr. Krn Singh Dr. R.P. Hood, (Vice-Chncellor) Lo- pks/kjh j.kchj flg ¼1914&2009½ Distinguished Guests, Esteemed Fculty Collegues, Der Students nd Present August Gthering! This dy, the 2 nd of Februry, is yet gin solemn occsion when we hve ssembled here to py our respects to Ch Rnbir Singh nd her the 2 nd Memoril Lecture on his Deth Anniversry. Lst yer, we hd with us, on this very dy, Shri Prnb Mukherjee, the Hon ble Finnce Minister of Indi, who spoke for long with uthority on some of lesser known spects of the multifceted personlity of Ch. Rnbir Singh, tking pins to unforld his chievements nd contributions for public cuse, in rre role model in lmost ll importnt of life. To deliver the 2 nd Ch. Rnbir Singh Memoril Lecture, we hve mongst us tody person no less renowned tht Dr. Krn Singh, who, I believe, hrdly needs ny introduction since most of us present in this gthering must hve herd, if not personlly experienced, the qulities of rel sttesmn tht he possesses. Yet, I would be filing in my humble duty if I do not refresh our memory of wht mkes Dr. Krn Singh hugely distinguished person in his own right nd by his singulr chievements of very high order. Dr. Krn Singh is indeed true sttesmn on the strength of his eloquent qulities nd chievements tht hrdly nyone else possesses.hving erned his doctorl degree from the Delhi University, xhrk dk luns'k@ 1

3 with schooling t the iconic Dehrdun-bsed Doon School left behind, Dr. Krn Singh modeled himself s techer nd grew into Professor in the rel sense, then on becoming n eductionist, prolific writer, nd n uthor of widely cknowledged fme nd cclim. He lter took on s n environmentlist of bundnt concerns, nd cquiring over time much more to be wht not. He is indeed vst reservoir of deep knowledge nd understnding of the sttecrft, wide experience, nd highly rtionl thinking person bout ll domins nd dimensions of Nturl Governce. The list of positions he hs held for long, including membership of the Rjy Sbh nd the Lok Sbh nd other High Powered Coordintion nd Consulttive Committees of the Indin Prliment in lmost ll importnt spheres of Governmentl working, is indeed too long story to exhust nrrtion in the limited time. Dr. Krn Singh hs bly dorned mny other high offices like being the Chncellor of the Jwhrll Nehru University nd the Bnrs Hindu University, nd the Ambssdor of Indi to the United Sttes, nd, bove ll, Minister in the Union Cbinet too. As I looked for his brief profile from his personl website, hppily I would find no plce nd no position tlest t the ntionl level where he hs not worked in the service of the Ntion. Wht rre personge he truly is, nd, we pry, he would lwys be so for long time to come, to the envy of lmost ll those who would vie to gin step-up tlest t the ntionl politicl ldder scene. A recipient of the coveted Pdm Vibhushn, Dr. Singh is currently Indi s representtive on he Executive Bord of the UNESCO. Even s I wish to be brief in shring with this ugust gthering wht Dr. Krn Singh is nd hs been, my sense of duty nd justice wefully fils me to stop short of sying few things more bout him. Dr. Krn Singh, s verstile writer tht he is, hs uthorized lrge number of rre books nd published very mny uthorittive works on vriety of themes nd subjects, covering ntionlism, popultion, xhrk dk luns'k poverty, defence, religion, Hinduism, diplomcy, contemporry essys, poems nd songs, nd, bove ll, hs lso written extensively on the future of humnity nd of Indi in the contest of world scenrio. Among his prominent works re Hinduism : The Eternl Religion, Bridge to Immortlity, Humnity t the Crossrods, The Erth Hs No Corners, etc. Audio & Video cssettes on he Messge of Vednt, Upnishds, Bhgwd Geet, nd Sri Aurobindo comprise his unique contributions to the Indin religion nd civiliztion. Deep nturl interest in spiritulity nd philosophy nd his uncompromising concerns for protection of the frgile globl environment together mke him truly multifceted nd the most prominent personlity of his kind in the country. Interestingly, Dr. Krn Singh hs not llowed even s diverse subject s sports to remin untouched by him, s he hs been member of vrious sports clubs t different levels nd plces. There is no country on the five continents which he hs not visited nd in the long process Dr. Krn Singh hs gined superb knowledge nd understnding of ll mjor lnguges, religions, fiths, nd cultures of the world. He entered ctive politics t n erly ge, but in this long journey he hs significntly devited, both consciously nd unconsciously, from being prt of the politicl culture tht hs been stedily developing in our country over the yers. Importntly, he hs never been either blind follower or seeker, unlike lmost ll others who comprise the lrger prt of our decying body politic. And, let us lso not forget tht Dr. Krn Singh is the descendent in fct himself being the ruler of the erstwhile princely Stte of Jmmu & Ksmir, who voluntrily surrendered not only ll the personl rights nd privileges, but lso ll mgnificent properties for the well being, nd in the service of the people of Indi. Hppily nd proudly we hve so highly distinguished nd esteemed person in Dr. Krn Singh present mongst us this fine morning, nd in this xhrk dk luns'k@ 3

4 Auditorium nmed ftergurudev Rbindrnth Tgore, to deliver the 2 nd Ch. Rnbir Singh Memoril Lecture. Sir, this gthering of students nd techers, representing the University s whole, is extremely grteful to you to hve obliged us by greeing to deliver tody s Memoril Lecture. We ll gretly, hugely, proudly nd profoundly welcome you to our cmpus for this good purpose nd solemn occsion. We lso feel beholden to our Hon ble Chief Minister, Shri Bhupinder Singh Hood, who by his grcious presence t this movement, hs obliged nd inspired the cmpus frternity, s ever before. Sir, we re venturing to find words pproprite to greet nd welcome you to our cmpus yet gin on this prticulr occsion. Among other dignitries present, we lso wrmly welcome Sh. Deepender Hood, our young, dynmic MP from Rohtk nd lso Sh. Shdi Ll Btr, for obliging us by their grcious presence on this occsion. Dr. Krn Singh, Sir, return to you to sy tht the University hs estblished Chir in the memory of Lte Ch. Rnbir Singh who left this mortl world two yers go on Februry 1, 2009 hving reched ripe ge of 92 yers. Under the egis of this Chir, we hve lredy done significnt work to highlight the contributions mde by Ch. Rnbir Singh in the vrious fields during the long ctive life. But, we would hve to dive to this ocenic to scn through nd bring out his rel role s stunch freedom fighter, verstile prlimentrin, nd s n extremely humble nd simple pious person who did so much for the welfre of his people, prticulrly the frmers, the lndless griculturl workers, nd other downtrodden nd oppressed sections of our society. As we go through his prticiption in the long debtes in the Constituent Assembly, of which he ws one of the most ctive members, leve us wonder struck nd highly impressed by his true understnding of the Indin scenrio previling in those erly dys, his tremendous 4@ xhrk dk luns'k concerns with which he so loudly spoke nd fought t vrious legisltive levels, in the true Gndhin role, for the rights of the under-privileged, nd his visionry thoughts nd ctions being truly worthy to be cherished in sweet memory. To mention only one of the mny importnt things bout Ch. Rnbir Singh, it ws his vision nd ction tht the grrin economy of Hryn nd Punjb hs flourished so much. It hs been possible only becuse of the Bhkr Dm Project which ws rised in pursunce of rre fet of his foresightedness. Its blueish clen wters now flow s fr s even to lrge trcts of once prched lnds of Rjsthn. In comptibility with Ch. Rnbir Singh s unique personl qulities of hed nd hert tht we need to rer nd nourish t lrge, nd which he so consciously nd unconsciously nurtured nd prcticed ll through his life, Dr. Krn Singh hs rightly chosen to spek on the theme : The Messge of Bhgwd Geet, which is rel tribute to the kind, pious nd vibrting-for-the-poor soul of Ch. Rnbir Singh tht remined deeply embedded in his body till his lst. As I personlly recll nd remember Ch. Rnbir Singh, I lwys see him wering n innocent brod smile, with his wtery, twinkling, eyes trying to sy more thn wht he would fil to sy, s he ws growing too old. Revered Dr. Krn Singh, Sir, my I now request you kindly to tke over the reins of this Memoril Lecture in your own chrismtic style. xhrk dk luns'k@ 5

5 z xhrk dk luns'k &Mk- d.kz flg ¼ekuuh; jkt; lhkk lkln½ gfj;k.kk ds eq[;e=h pks/kjh HkwisUnz flg gqm~mk th] dqyifr egksn; izks- gqm~mk] ep ij miflfkr rfkk VSxksj lhkkxkj es ;gk cm+h l[;k es miflfkr egkuqhkko] ehfm;k ds i=dkj cu/kqvks ] cqtqxks Z] HkkbZ;ks] cguks vksj I;kjs cppks! vkius ftl is ze ds lkfk vksj ftu kcnks ds lkfk esjk Lokxr fd;k] mlds fy, es /ku;okn djrk gw A ;fn vki lcdh vkkk gks rks es viuk Hkk k.k vxz sth dh ctk; fgunh es nw \ gkykfd eq>s fueu=.k&i= vxs zth es vk;k gsa gfj;k.kk ns khkdr fdlkuks dh vksj ohj tokuk s dh Hkwfe gsa ge lcdks gfj;k.kk ij xoz gsa tc Hkh d`f k dh ckr gksrh gs] vukt dh ckr gksrh gs ;k gekjh lhekvks dh j{kk dh ckr gksrh gs rks gfj;k.kk ds yksx mles vkxs feyrs gs A es us rks vius thou es dbz ckj gfj;k.kk ds yksxks dks ns'k dh lhek tgk gs ] ogk ns[kk gsa vkt ge,d ns khkdr fdlku usrk] Lor=rk lsukuh] lfo/kku lhkk ds lnl;] yksdlhkk vksj jkt;lhkk nksuks ds lnl;] lektlsod pks/kjh j.kchj flg th dks J)ktfy vfizr djus ds fy, ;gk ij bddbs gq, gs A egf kz n;kun ljlorh ds uke ij ;gk fo ofo ky; gsa og,d egkiq: k FksA mugks us gekjh lektuhfr dks,d u;k eksm+ fn;k vksj ml ij lksus ij lqgkxk okyh ckr ;g gs fd xq:nso jfounzukfk Bkdqj ds uke ij ;g lhkkxkj gsa eq>s ;g cm+k lqunj xhrk dk luns'k@ 7 lxe yx jgk gsa bl o kz xq:nso dh Ms<+ lks tue t;fur lkjs ns k es vksj fons k es eukbz tk jgh gsa HkkbZ;ks vksj cguks! dkxs sl ds usr`ro es ns k us tks Lor=rk lxzke ym+k] mles gj {ks= ls usrk mriuu gq,a d ehj ls ysdj rfeyukmq rd vksj xqtjkr ls ysdj vle rd,slk dksbz Hkh {ks= ugh jgk] tgk LFkkuh; usrk ugh mhkjsa mugks us xk /khoknh fopkj/kkjk vksj dkxs zl ds ijpe ds uhps vktknh dh ym+kbz ym+ha ;g,d cm+h izluurk dh ckr gs fd gfj;k.kk es cm+ s&cm+ s usrk mriuu gq,a es ns[k jgk Fkk fd gqm~mk ifjokj es finyh pksfkh ih<+h ds pks/kjh ekrwjke Fks] pks/kjh j.kchj flg Fks] fqj pks/kjh HkwisUnz flg gs vksj vc pks/kjh nhisunz flg gs A finyh pkj ihf<+;ks ls ;g ifjokj gfj;k.kk dh vksj bl ns k dh lsok djrk pyk vk jgk gsa bl ckr dh ges cm+h izluurk gsa pks/kjh j.kchj flg ds lkfk gekjk dbz n kdks ls lc/k jgka os lln es Fks vksj es Hkh lln es jgka dbz o kz rd yksdlhkk es Hkh vksj jkt;lhkk es jgsa muds ljy ysfdu] izhkko kkyh Hkk k.k lquus dks feysa os tc Hkh cksyrs Fks rks fdlkuks dh vksj etnwjks dh vksj tks finm+ s yksx gs ] mudh ckr ges kk fd;k djrs FksA os tc Hkh mbrs Fks rks dksbz u dksbz jpukred ckr o fopkj/kkjk gekjs lkeus j[krs FksA eq>s bl ckr dh izluurk gs fd mugks us tks lfo/kku lhkk es Hkk k.k fn, mugs es jklrs es i<+ jgk Fkk vksj ns[k jgk Fkk fd fdl izdkj ls lfo/kku lhkk es tgk cm+ s&cm+ s ;ksx; O;fDr csbs gq, Fks] vius fopkj tks izdv djus Fks] cm+ s fumj gksdj vksj l kdr :i ls mudks izlrqr fd;ka eq>s izluurk gs fd muds tks Hkk k.k gs ] oks vc Nis gq, gs A vktknh dh ym+kbz es gfj;k.kk us tks Hkwfedk fuhkkbz vksj pks/ kjh j.kchj flg dk mles tks ;ksxnku jgk] og Hkh,d nwljh iqlrd esjs ikl vkbz gsa ;s vhkh vkbz gsa,d iqlrd rks rc nh xbz] tc es ;gk igq pka vxj igys nh tkrh rks es bls i<+dj vkrka ysfdu] bldks ns[kus ls gh irk pyrk gs fd bu yksxks us fdruk dk;z fd;k gs] bl ns k ds fy,a mugks us vius Hkk k.k es tks eqn~ns mbk,] os eqn~ns vkt Hkh egroiw.kz gs A eq>s bl ckr dh izluurk gs fd gekjs pks/kjh HkwisUnz flg th cm+ s dezb :i ls mugh eqn~nks dks ysdj vkxs py jgs gs vksj gfj;k.kk fnu&izfrfnu rjddh ds jklrs ij vkxs c<+ jgk gsa 8@ xhrk dk luns'k

6 s pw fd ge fnyyh es jgrs gs rks vdlj gfj;k.kk es dgh u dgh ls vkus&tkus dk volj feyrk gs vksj gekjh vk [kks ds lkeus bl jkt; dh rjddh gks jgh gsa ge kqhkdkeuk djrs gs fd gfj;k.kk gekjs ns k dk,d vxzlj {ks= jgsxk vksj ;gk ds tks cgknqj yksx gs] os ns k dh lsok djrs jgsxsa iz u ;g mbrk gs fd vkt cksyus ds fy, D;k fo"k; yw \ osls rks vktdy cgqr lkjs fo k; gsa jktuhfr gs] vfkzuhfr gs] iz kklu uhfr gs] fons k uhfr gsa dbz uhfr;k gsa ysfdu] pks/kjh lkgc ¼eq[;e=h HkwisUnz flg gqm~mk½! eq>s yxk fd dhkh&dhkh /kez uhfr ij Hkh ckr djuh pkfg,a D;ks fd] ckdh uhfr;k rks lc py gh jgh gsa tks ns'k es gks jgk gs]] oks vki ns[k gh jgs gsa ysfdu ges dhkh&dhkh /kezuhfr dh ckr Hkh djuh pkfg, vksj /kez dh vfhko;fdr djuh pkfg, rkfd tks gekjh vkt dh ifjflfkfr;k gs vksj dy vkus okys tks ldv gs] mues gekjs fy, ykhkizn gks A blfy, esus ;g lkspk fd Hkxon~ xhrk ds ckjs es dqn fopkj vkids lkeus j[kw A vkt cgqr rjddh djrs gq, Hkh ekuo tkfr,d pksjkgs ij [km+h gsa es ns k&fons k es tkrk gw A es ns[k jgk gw fd,d psruk dk leqnz&eufku gks jgk gsa lkbzl vkwq VSDuksykWth us cgqr kfdr ges nh gsa cgqr vn~hkwr dkjukes gq, gsa ysfdu] mlds lkfk&lkfk dbz dqjhfr;k Hkh vk jgh gs vksj vrhr VwVrk tk jgk gsa u, dk tue Li V ugh gks jgk gs vksj gekjh ih<+h rks f= kdq dh rjg vrhr vksj Hkfo ; es vius vkidks ikrh gsa,slh ifjflfkfr es ge vius kkl=ks dh vksj ns[krs gsa blfy, ugh fd ge okil tk,a ge okil dhkh ugh tk ldrsa ekxz rks ges kk Hkfo ; dh vksj tkrk gsa ysfdu] mu kkl=ks ls ge D;k lh[k ldrs gs vksj D;k kfdr muls izkir dj ldrs gs\ gekjs kkl= Hkh vusd gsa mues czkgkz.k gs] vj.; gs] mifu kn~ gs] ftudks es lokszifj ekurk gw ] mlds ckn iqjk.k gs] bfrgkl gsa gekjs kkl= cgqr gh folr`r gsa muds,d&,d e= dh O;k[;k fo}ku dbz&dbz?k.vs rd djrs jgrs gsa ysfdu] bu lc kkl=ks es,d 700 'yks dks dk xzufk gs] ftldk vn~hkwr egro dbz o kksz ls] n kdks ls mhkjk gs] og gs Hkxon~ xhrka xhrk dk luns'k@9 kdjkpk;z,d LFkku ij fy[krs gs fd Hkxon~ xhrk fdfupr/khrk xm~-xkty yosdf.kdk ihrka vfkkzr Hkxon~ xhrk dk FkksM+k lk Hkh Kku gks rks cgqr cm+ Hk; ls ges eqfdr feyrh gs vksj xhrk Lo; dgrh gs & ^LoYieI;L; /kezl; =k;rs egrks Hk;kr~* bl /kez dk FkksM+k lk Hkh v k gks rks ge cgqr cm+ s Hk; ls eqdr gks tkrs gsa D;ksfd ekuo Hk;Hkhr gs vkta vusd izdkj ds Hk; gs fd D;k gksxk\ ;q) gksxk] ugh gksxk\ uksdjh feysxh ;k ugh feysxh\ D;k ifjflfkfr gksxh\ Hk; ls ge eqdr gks ldrs gsa gekjs ftrus Hkh cm+ s&cm+ s vkpk;z gq, gs] mu lcdks xhrk ds Åij fvii.kh fy[kuk vko ;d gqvk gsa kdjkpk;z] oyyhkkpk;z] e/okpk;z vkfn dksbz Hkh,slk vkpk;z ugh gs] tks xhrk ds Åij fvii.kh fy[kus ds cxsj vius er dks LFkkfir dj ldrk gsa blfy, xhrk dk,d cgqr cm+k egro gsa og D;k dkj.k gs fd xhrk bruh egroiw.kz gs\ es pkj dkj.k vkids lkeus j[kuk pkgrk gw A igyk dkj.k rks ;g gs fd xhrk,d l?k kz dk kkl= gs vksj ekuo tkfr vius vkidks,d l?k kz dh ifjflfkfr e s ikrh gsa mifu kn dk okrkoj.k fcydqy fhkuu gsa,dkur LFkku ds Åij xq: csbrs gs] f k ; uhps csbrs gsa fopkj&foe kz gksrk gsa ysfdu] xhrk dk ;q)hkwfe ds vunj izdkv~; gksrk gsa vkt ekuo tkfr,dkur vkje es ugh csbh gqbz gsa lkjk llkj gh,d izdkj ls dq:{ks= cu x;k gsa dq:{ks= dsoy vkids gfj;k.kk es,d LFkku ugh gs] gj ekuo dh psruk ds vunj dq:{ks= gsa ml dq:{ks= ds vunj nsoh; o vklqjh kfdr;ks ds chp ijlij ;q) pyrk jgrk gsa D;ks fd ;g,d l?k kz dk kkl= gs] blfy, bldk cm+k egro jgrk gsa rleknqfùk"b dksurs; ;q)k; d`rfu'p;k%a losz"kq dkys"kq ekeuqlej ;q/; paa d`.k dgrs gs fd & rleknqfùk"b dksurs; ;q)k; d`rfu'p;k%a ysfdu] ;gk,d ckr ;kn jf[k, fd ;g ;q) dsoy dksjoks vksj ik.moks dk ugh gsa ;g ;q) gj O;fDr dh psruk ds vunj nsfod vksj xhrk dk luns'k

7 vklqjh kfdr;k;s dk ;q) gs vksj ;q) dsoy,d ckj ugh ym+k x;k] gtkjks ckj ;g ;q) ges viuh thou es jkst ym+uk gsa blfy, igyk dkj.k rks xhrk ds egro dk ;g gs fd ;g,d l?k kz dk kkl= gs vksj ge,d l?k kze; ifjflfkfr ds chp vius vkidks ikrs gsa nwljk dkj.k ;g gs fd xhrk es xq: dk cm+k foy{k.k Lo:i gsa gj kkl= es xq: dk egro gsa vkku frfejku/kl;] KkukUtu "kykd;k] p{kq:uehfyr ;su] rles Jh xq:os ue%aa xq: dh cm+h iz klk dh xbz gsa gj kkl= es xq: gsa mifu kn~ es dbz xq: feyrs gsa ysfdu] xhrk es xq: ds :i es Lo; Hkxoku Jhd`.k gekjs lkeus vkrs gs A ;g,d cm+h vn~hkwr ckr gsa vksj Hkh cgqr cm+ s xq: gsa ;KoYd gq, gs] vxhjl gq, gsa mifu kn~ es,d ls c<+dj,d xq: gsa ysfdu] Hkxon~ xhrk es Jhd`.k gh xq: dk Lo:i /kkj.k djds vkrs gs vksj muds vusd Lo:i lkeus vkrs gsa ysfdu] egro dh ckr ;g gs fd xhrk es os lkjffk ds :i es jfk ij csbs gq, gs] vtqzu ds lkfk],d fe= ds :i esa vke rksjij gksrk ;g gs fd ekfyd tks gksrk gs jfk dk] og cm+k gksrk gs vksj tks pkyd gksrk gs] og mlds v/khu gksrk gsa ysfdu] xhrk es jfk ds pkyd gs og xq: gs vksj jfk es tks csbs gq, gs] og f k ; gsa ;g og ifjflfkfr foy{k.k Lo:i xq: dk xhrk es gsa bls es xhrk ds egro dk nwljk eq[; dkj.k ekurk gw A rhljk dkj.k gs xq: vksj f k ; dk fudvre lc/ka xq:&f k ; dk lc/k ges kk gksrk gsa ysfdu] ftruk fudv lc/k Jhd`.k vksj vtqzu dk jgk gs] mruk esus vksj fdlh kkl= es ugh ns[kka mldh vfhko;fdr rc gksrh gs] tc vtqzu fo o&:i n kzu dj ysrs gs vksj fqj urelrd gksdj iz.kke djrs gs vksj dgrs gs& rlekriz.ke; izf.k/kk; dk;izlkn;s RokegehM~;eA firso iq=l; l[kso l[;q% fiz; fiz;k;kgzfl nso lks<+qeaa nsf[k,] ;g fdruk lqunj yksd gsa dgrs gs fd vkius eq>s fo o:i n kzu djk;k] es vkidks iz.kke djrk gw A vkils es,slk vk khokzn pkgrk gw tsls fd ^firso iq=l;*] tsls firk vius iq= dks iz se djrk gsa dgrs gs fd iq= ls c<+dj vksj dksbz fiz; olrq ugh gksrh gsa xhrk dk luns'k@ 11 ysfdu] og Hkh ugha D;ksfd firk vksj iq= dk Hkh tks lc/k gs] oks Hkh ikfjokfjd cu/kuks es tdm+k gqvk gsa mlls c<+dj ^l[kso l[;q%*] tks,d fe= vksj nkslr dk lc/k gs] d`.k vksj lqnkek lcf/kr gks ldrs gs],d jktk vksj jd ds fe= gks ldrs gs] rks ^fiz;k;kgzfl nso lks<+qe%*] tsls,d fe= ds lkfk lec/k] ijurq mlls Hkh c<+dj] ^fiz;k;kgzfl*] tsls,d fiz; vius fiz;re ls I;kj djrk gsa ;s rhuks lc/k firk vksj iq= dk lecu/k] l[kk vksj fe= dk lc/k] fiz;k vksj fiz;re dk lc/k] rhuks lec/k tqm+dj d`.k vksj vtqzu ds :i es gekjs lkeus vkrk gsa,slk lc/k] esus djhc&djhc lkjs kkl= i<+ s gs] eq> vksj dgh ugh feyka ;gh,d dkj.k gs fd xhrk dk tks luns k gs] ges kk ls gekjs gǹ; dks Nwrk gsa D;ksfd ;gk,slk ugh gs fd dksbz vn` ; :i ls csbdj ges ;g dg jgk gs fd ;g djks] og djks] ;g ugh djks] og ugh djksa gekjs lkfk csbs gq, gs] gekjs jfk es gsa gekjh psruk ds vunj og kfdr csbh gqbz gs] tks gekjs fudve gs vksj tks gekjk ekxzn kzu dj jgh gsa ;g rhljk dkj.k gs xhrk ds egro dka igys esus vkidks crk;k fd xhrk l?k kz dk kkl= gs vksj ge l?k kze; ifjflfkfr es gsa nwljk] xhrk xq: dk foy{k.k Lo:i Jhd`.k ds :i es Lo; gsa rhljk xq: vksj f k ; dk vn~hkwr fudvre lc/k vksj pksfkk dkj.k gs] xhrk dh fopkj/kkjk vksj mldh lkoztfud O;ogkfjdrkA xhrk fdlh fo ks k o.kz ds fy,] fdlh fo ks k dez ds fy,] fdlh fo ks k tkfr ds fy, ugh gsa xhrk dk luns k ekuo tkfr ds fy, gs vksj xhrk es Hkxoku Jhd`.k us Li V dgk gs fd ;ks;ks ;k;k ruq HkDr'Jn;kfpZrqfePNfrA rl;rl;kpyk J)k rkeso fon/kke;ge~aa fdruh cm+h ckr dg nh fd tks Hkh] ftl izdkj ls J)k ds lkfk] eq>s iwtrk gs] tc eq>s dgrs gs] rks eq>s olqnso ds ym+ds] olqnso gh ugh] eq>s nsfod kfdr ds :i es vius vkidks ogk izlrqr djrs gsa tks Hkh ftl izdkj ls nsoro dh vksj vkrk gs] ge mldh J)k dks c<+krs gsa ;g gekjs _Xosn es,d egroiw.kz fopkj/kkjk gsa xhrk dk luns'k

8 s s,d lr foizk% cgq/kk onfura lppkbz,d gs] mls le>us dh] vfhko;dr djus ds vyx&vyx ekxz gsa ml fopkj/kkjk dks bl izdkj ls xhrk es yk;k x;k gsa blfy, ;g le>uk fd xhrk fdlh fo ks k o.kz ;k /kez ;k oxz ;k ns k rd lhfer gs],slk fcydqy Hkh ugh gsa lkjh nqfu;k es xhrk dk egro gsa D;ksfd ;g kkl= gh bl izdkj dk gsa ;s pkj dkj.k es ekurk gw fd xhrk dk bruk egro D;ks gs\ fqj iz u mbrk gs fd xhrk luns k gs D;k\ xhrk dk luns k rks cgqr le`) gsa cgqr xw<+ gsa ysfdu] ;gk Hkh es dsoy pkj eqn~ns vkids lkeus j[kuk pkgrk gw ] tks esjs fopkj es xhrk ds luns k dk lkj gsa lozizfke rks dez dh O;k[;kA dez D;k djuk pkfg,\ ;g gj vkneh ds lkeus iz u vkrk gsa pkgs Nk= gks] pkgs dkjksckj es gks] pkgs jktuhfr es gks vksj pkgs fdlh Hkh vu; {ks= es gksa dez djuk D;k gs vc\ vc dez dh O;k[;k dks dksbz lwph rks cu ugh ldrh fd ;g ifjflfkfr gks rks ;s djks vksj ;g ifjflfkfr gks rks ;g djksa xhrk ges,d e= nsrh gs vksj ;g dgrh gs fd dez cgqr dfbu gsa xguk dez.kks xfr% xhrk Lo; ekurh gsa ysfdu],d yksd es xhrk,slk e= nsrh gs tks lkjh mez gekjs lkfk jg ldrk gsa Hkxoku Jhd`.k,d LFkku ij dgrs gs & ;r% izo`fùkhkwzrkuk ;su lozfenz rre~a lo~dez.kk reh;p;z flf) founfr ekuo%aa vfkkzr~] kfdr] tks lkjs czgkz.m es vksrizksr gs] b'kkokl;fen loz] ;frdp; txrk txra ml kfdr dks ;fn ge vius dez ls iwtk djs rks flf) dh vksj ge tk ldrs gsa ;g dez;ksx dh O;k[;k gsa ;g ugh fd dksbz Hkh dez] dez;ksx gsa vki nq V dez djsxs] vki yksxks dks d V nsxs] vki vgdkj ds dkj.k ;k LokFkZ ds dkj.k nqo;zogkj djsxs] oks dksbz dez;ksx ugh ekuk tkrka dez;ksx og gksrk gs] tks vki vius b V] vius Hkxoku ds pj.kk s es j[kdj djrs gsa xhrk dk luns'k@ 13 ;r% izo`fùkhkwzrkuk ;su lozfenz rre~a lo~dez.kk reh;p;z flf) founfr ekuo%aa ;g tks lkjh kfdr gs] ^lo~dez.kk reh;p;z* vius dez ls vxj vki mldh iwtk djksxs rks ^flf) founfr ekuo%*] ekuo flf) dh vksj vkrk gsa vxj vki ;g dez;ksx viuk,] rc vki xyr dez ugh dj ldrsa D;ksfd] T;ks gh vki xyr dez djsxs] rks vkidks yxsxk fd HkbZ ;g dez rks es Hkxoku dks p<+k ugh ldrk g wa xhrk us ges vkurfjd gh,slk e= ns j[kk gs fd ;fn ge dez;ksx ds Åij pys rks ges vius thou es ekxzn kzu gksxk fd D;k ges djuk pkfg, vksj D;k ugh djuk pkfg,\ gekjs vunj gh oks foosd dh kfdr gks tk,xh] ;fn lkjs dez ge vius b Vnso ds pj.kks es lefizr djsa dez dh O;k[;k] xhrk dk igyk luns k gsa xhrk dk nwljk luns k gs] leiw.kz ;ksxa vki tkurs gs fd gekjh lld`fr es pkj izeq[k ;ksx gs] Kku;ksx] HkfDr;ksx] dez;ksx vksj jkt;ksxa xhrk,d,slk kkl= gs] ftles pkjks ;ksxks dks bddbk djds,d leiw.kz ;ksx gekjs lkeus j[kk x;k gs] ftlds ckjs es vjfounks tksm+ dk ;ksx dgrs FksA mles geus Kku;ksx dh ckr dha ufg Kkusu ln`'k ifo=feg fo rsa Kku es ges i<+uk pkfg,a mifu kn~ i<+ vksj kkl= i<+ ] lr; vksj vlr; dk foosd djus dh {kerk isnk djsa vkt bruh ubz fo k;s mriuu gks jgh gs] ges mugs viukuk gsa vk uks Hknzk% Øroks ;Urq fo'or%a tgk ls vpns fopkj vk,] mugs viukuk] mls Kku ;ksx dgrs gsa eflr d dk ;ksx] nwljk HkfDr;ksx gsa HkfDr;ksx] gǹ; dk ;ksx gsa tc rd vkids gǹ; ds ivy ugh [kqysxs] tc rd Hkxoku ds izfr vkidks izse ugh gks tk,xk] Hkxoku ds izfr vkf kd ugh gks tk,xs] tsls tykyqnhu :eh vkf kd gks x, Fks ;k tsls ehjkckbz vkf kd gks xbz Fkh ;k rqylhnkl vkf kd gks x, Fks] rc rd vkidk iwjk HkfDr;ksx pysxk ugha blfy, HkfDr;ksx dh Hkh vko ;drk gsa xhrk dk luns'k

9 dksbz Hkh Hkxoku gks] kdj Hkxoku gks] es rks f koth dk HkDr gw A ;rr dez djksa forr f[kye~ lcksrok/kkzue~a vki d`.k HkDr gs ;k vu; ftlds Hkh HkDr gs] thtl ds HkDr gs ;k fqj fdlh Hkh /kez ds gs] /kez dh ckr ugh] ftlds izfr vkidh J)k gks] tc rd mlds lkfk vkidk izse ugh gksxk] tc rd vkids gǹ; dk ivy ugh [kqysxk] rc rd vkidk ;ksx leiw.kz ;ksx ugh gksxka dsoy eflr d ls vkneh ugh c<+ ldrk gsa tc rd gǹ; ugh [kqyrka eflr d vksj gǹ; tgkt ds nks btu gksrs gsa nksuks bddbs pys] rhkh gekjk tgkt v/;kfred ekxz ls mm+ ldrk gsa rhljk gs dez;ksx] tks esus vkidks crk fn;ka dez;ksx dh O;k[;k dh tk pqdh gsa pksfkk gs] jkt;ksxa jkt;ksx es FkksM+k izk.kk;ke] gb;ksx] ;k vkluu br;kfn gksrs gsa mlds ckjs es xhrk es Hkh i<+ sa lkros v/;k; es rks ges i;kzir tkudkjh fey tkrh gsa dsls csbuk pkfg,\ dsls okl ysuk pkfg, vksj dsls /;ku djuk pkfg,\ ;s pkjks ;ksx gsa csgn egroiw.kz gsa vkt ds?kksj dy;qx es rks es ekurk gw fd,d ;ksx ls dke pysxk Hkh ugha vkt,slh Hk;dj ifjflfkfr;k gs fd gj O;fDr dks pkjks ;ksx dh vko ;drk gsa vkidks Kkuh Hkh cuuk gsa vkidks HkDr Hkh cuuk gsa vkidks dez;ksxh Hkh cuuk gs vksj vkidks dqn u dqn jkt;ksx Hkh djuk gsa pkjks ;ksxks dks bddbk djds fqj,d leiw.kz ;ksx xhrk gekjs lkeus j[krh gsa ;g xhrk dk nwljk egroiw.kz luns k gsa xhrk dk rhljk luns k gs] leiw.kz vk oklua vk oklu nsrs gs Hkxoku! dksurs; izfrtkfufg u es HkDr% iz.kj;fra esjk HkDr uk k ugh gksxka ;nk ;nk fg /kezl; XykfuHkZofr HkkjrA vh;qrfkkue/kezl; rnkreku l`tke;ge~aa ifj=k.kk; lk/kquk fouk'kk; p nq"d`rke~a /kez llfkkiuk;kz; lehkokfe ;qxs ;qxsaa xhrk dk 15 Hkxoku vk oklu nsrs jgrs gs fd ge vk,xsa ysfdu] bles pks/kjh lkgc] es,d ckr dguk pkgrk gw ] tks kk;n vkius lquh gksa vk oklu rks os nsrs gs] ysfdu] ges mu vk okluks ds Åij mugs ck/kuk gsa nsf[k,] e=h vk oklu nsrk gs],d desvh cuh gqbz gksrh gs] ^, ;ksjsul desvh] tks ;g Lej.k djkrh gs fd vkius ;g ok;nk fd;k Fkk] og iwjk fd;k ;k ugh\ ges Hkh Hkxoku Jh d`.k ls iwnuk im+ sxka Hkxoku Jhd`.k th cm+ s pkykd gsa Vs<+ s [km+ s gksrs gs] os lh/ks ugh gs os viuh ek;k ds tky ls lcdks upkrs gsa ge s Jhd`.k dks ck/kuk gs fd vkius ges vk oklu fn;k gs rks vki dc vk,xs\ geus ekuk ds rxkq+qy uk djksxs ysfdu [kkd gks tk,sxs ge rqedks [kcj gksus rda tc rd vki vk,xs] rc rd ;gk lc lekir gks tk,xk] rc vkids vkus dk D;k ykhk gksxk\ blfy, ges viuh HkfDr ls] viuh J)k ls] vius dez ls] ges Jhd`.k dks ck/kuk gksxk fd vkius ges ;g vk oklu fn;k gsa vc ;g vk oklu vki iwjk djs A Jh vjfounks fy[krs gs fd vxj uhps ls oklro es bl izdkj dh iwdkj tkrh gs rks Åij ls vo ; mldk izfrfcec vkrk gsa blfy, dsoy ge vk oklu ls vk olr u gksrs gq,] ge ;s iqjtksj iz;ru djs fd ml vk oklu dks iwjk fd;k tk,a og rc iwjk gks ldrk gs] tc ge vius iz;ru] vksj viuh psruk dks c<+k,a [kqnh dks dj cqyun bruk fd gj rnchj ls igysa [kqnk [kqn cuns ls iwns fd crk rsjh jtk D;k gs! [kqnh dh cqyunh dks ;ksx dgrs gs A viuh vkrfjd psruk dks mhkkjuk] mls ;ksx dgrs gs A tc ge [kqnh dks mhkkjs xs rks gh [kqnk ges xhrk dk luns'k

10 iwnsxka vxj geus [kqnh dks gh ugh mhkkjk rks ges Hkyk dksu iwnsxk\ vxj geus viuh psruk dks ugh mhkkjk rks Jhd`.k ges vk oklu nsrs jgsxs] mlds Åij [kjs ugh mrjsxsa blfy, gekjs Åij ;g fteesnkjh vkrh gs fd tc mugksus ges vk oklu fn;k gs] rks ge mles ck/kdj j[ksa pksfkk o vfre eqn~nk vkids lkeus j[kuk pkgrk gw A D;ksfd] fo"k; cgqr yeck gs] ysfdu] ;s pkj eqn~ns esus xhrk ds j[ks gsa dez dh O;k[;k] leiw.kz ;ksx] lei.kz vk oklu vksj vrrksxrok leiw.kz leiz.ka xhrk ds vr es tc lkjs iz uksùkj lekir gks tkrs gs] rks Hkxoku Lo; dqn ckr dgrs gs] fcuk fdlh iz u dsa ugh rks lkjh xhrk es lc iz u&mùkj gh gsa gekjs mifu"kn Hkh iz uksùkj gh gsa xhrk Hkh iz uksùkj gh gsa vkjhk gh iz u ls gksrk gsa vtqzu dgrs gs & dkiz.;nks"kksigrlohkko% i`pnkfe rok /kezleew<+psrk%a ;PN~s;LL;kfUuf kpr czwfg rues f'k";lrsg kkf/k ek Rok iziuue~aa vfkkzr~] bl le; es Hkzfer gw ] vki gh crkbz;s fd eq>s D;k djuk pkfg,\ leiw.kz xhrk es loky&tokc dk Øe gh pyrk jgrk gsa ysfdu] vbkjgos v/;k; es tc lc loky&tokc lekir gks tkrs gs rks Hkxoku Lo;,d yksd dgrs gs] ftldk cm+k egro gsa oks dgrs gs & loz/kekzu ifjrt; ekesd 'kj.k otz%a vg Rok loz ikish;ks eks{kf;l;kfe ek 'kqp%aa vr es dgrs gs fd ;s /kez D;k gksrk gs\ ^/kkfj;fr /kez%*] tks ges /kkj.k djrk gsa gekjh fopkj/kkjka dqn yksx le>rs gs fd mudk /kez mugs /kkj.k djsxk] dqn le>rs gs fd jktuhfrd kfdr /kkj.k djsxha vrrksxrok ;s lc phts jg tk,xha dsoy nsfod kfdr gh /kkj.k dj ldrh gsa blfy, os dgrs gs ] ^loz/kekzu ifjrt; ekesd kj.k otz%* esjh gh kj.k vka es fqj dgw xk fd tc esjs dgrs gs] oks dsoy olqnso ds :i e s ugh dgrs gsa os nsfod kfdr ds izrhd ds :i es dg jgs gsa xhrk dk 17 ekesd kj.k otz% vg Rok loz ikish;ks eks{kf;l;kfe ek 'kqp% es rqegs lc ikiks ls eqdr d:xka ^ek kqp%* ;gh vkf[kjh kcn tks xhrk dgrh gs] ^ek kqp%*] ^Mjks ugha* tsls,d cppk v/ksjs dejs es tk jgk gks vksj ek ihns ls [km+h gksdj dgrh gs fd csvk Mjks ugh] es rqegkjs lkfk gw A lkjk Kku nsdj vr es Jhd`.k dgrs gs fd Mjks ugh] es rqegkjs lkfk gw A esjh kfdr rqegkjs lkfk gsa HkkbZ;ks vksj cguks! vxj vkt ge vius gǹ; dks kkr djds dke] Øks/k] ykshk] eksg] vgdkj ds dksykgy ls fudydj ;fn lqu lds rks t:j lqusa vkt Hkh Jhd`.k dh clqjh ct jgh gs vksj vkt Hkh mudk luns k gekjh psruk ds xehkhjre LFkku es xw t jgk gsa lquus dh {kerk gksuh pkfg,a blfy, eq>s yxrk gs fd xhrk dk egro gs] mldk luns k gs vksj es vr es Hkxoku Jh d`".k ds gh pj.kks es,d yksd vfizr djrk gw ] ftldk ;g vfkz gs fd & gs Hkxoku! vkt gh gekjh psruk dks vius pj.kks e s ys yhft,a vfre le; vk,] u tkus dgk gksxs] vkbzlh;w es gksxs] dgk gksxs\ dqn vkokt fudysxh Hkh ;k ugh fudysxh! D;k ifjflffkfr;k gksxh! blfy, foyec u djs] vkt gh ges viuh kj.k es ys ysa d`".k! Ronh; in&im~-dt&itjkure~ v So es fo'krq ekul&jktgl%a izk.k&iz;k.k s dq&okr&firs% d.bkojks/ku&fo/kks Lej.k dqrl~rsaa xhrk dk luns'k

11 Z lecks/ku &pks/kjh HkwisUnz flg gqm~mk ¼ekuuh; eq[;e=h] gfj;k.kk ljdkj½ ekuuh; Mk- d.kz flg th] ;gk ij miflfkr gekjs lkfkh fo/ kk;d fouksn 'kekz th] Hkkjr Hkw"k.k cùkjk th] fo/kk;d Jhd`".k gqm~mk th] Mk- j?kqchj dkn~;ku th] okbzl pklyj vkj-ih- gqm~mk th] pks/kjh j.kchj flg ps;j ds v/;{k pks/kjh Kku flg th] Mk- jktchj flg th] miflfkr esjs cqtqxksz] ukstoku lkffk;ks] I;kjs cppks vksj ekr`&'kfdr! fnoxr pks/kjh j.kchj flg th ij ^f}rh; Le`fr O;k[;ku* nsus] Mk- d.kz flg th vk, gsa es le>rk gw fd ftl izdkj egf"kz n;kun ds uke ds fo'ofo ky; es xq:nso jfounzukfk VSxksj uke ls ;g vkwfmvksfj;e gksus dk lqunj l;ksx gs] mlh izdkj ls dez;ksxh pks/kjh j.kchj flg Le`fr O;k[;ku ds volj ij Mk- d.kz flg tsls fo}ku O;k[;ku nsus ds fy, vk, gs] blls cf<+;k l;ksx vksj dksbz gks ugh ldrk gsa vkius Mk- lkgc dks lquk vksj le>ka ;s Lo; es bfrgkl gs A Mk- d.kz flg] ml ifjokj ls gs ] ftugks us fcuk fdlh fgpfdpkgv d'ehj dks Hkkjr ds lkfk tksm+ka ;s egku fo}ku gs A bugks sus NksVh lh mez es gh egkjktk dk rkt iguka bugks us fofhkuu lnuks ] yksdlhkk] jkt; lhkk gks ;k fqj vu; dksbz llfkku] gj txg myys[kuh; dk;z fd;k gs( ns'k lsok dk dke fd;k gs vksj vc Hkh dj jgs gs A ;s tks psruk ysdj ;gk vk, gs ] og vki lcds lkeus gsa bugks us vius O;k[;ku ds fy, ^Hkxon~ xhrk dk luns'k* fo"k; pquk gs] og vkt ds le; dh iqdkj Fkk vksj es le>rk gw fd mlls T;knk mi;qdr fo"k; vksj dksbz gks Hkh ugh ldrk FkkA vkt nqfu;k es vthc rjg dk okrkoj.k cuk gqvk gsa gekjs ns'k o lekt es ftl izdkj dh ifjflfkfr;k cuh gqbz gs ] dgh tkrikr dh ym+kbz gs] dgh Åp&uhp dh ym+kbz gs] dgh /kekz s dh ym+kbz gs] bu lc lel;kvks dk gy vxj dgh fey ldrk gs rks tslk fd Mk- lkgc us dgk] og xhrk es fey ldrk gsa izr;{k dks izek.k dh vko';drk ugh gksrha lc dqn vkids lkeus gsa gekjk ns'k fofhkuu Hkk"kkvks ] /keks o os'khkw"kkvks dk gsa ysfdu],slh D;k pht Fkh] ftldh cnksyr egkrek xk/kh us lcdks tksm+dj ns'k dh vktknh es viuk cgqr cm+k ;ksxnku fn;ka og pht ^xhrk dk mins'k* gh rks FkkA mugks us xhrk dks gh rks viuk;k Fkk vksj dez;ksx dks viukdj lcdks,dlw= es tksm+k FkkA eq>s bl ckr dk csgn xoz gs fd es ml firk dk iq= gw ] ftugks us tue ls ysdj] fu/ku dh?km+h rd ns'k dh lsok dh vksj lekt lsok dk dke fd;ka mugks us iunzg o"kz dh mez es ykgksj es vf[ky Hkkjrh; dkxs zl desvh ds vf/kos'ku es vius cm+ s HkkbZ ds lkfk Hkkx fy;ka ogk ls izhkkfor gksdj mugks us xs ztq,'ku ds mijkur Lor=rk vkunksyu es Hkkx ysus dk ldyi fy;ka Lor=rk vkunksyu ds nksjku os vkb fofhkuu tsyks es jgs] ftues pkj tsy vkt fgunqlrku es gs vksj pkj tsy ikfdlrku es gs A fgunqlrku es jksgrd] fglkj] vckyk vksj fqjkstiqj gs vksj ikfdlrku es eqyrku] fl;kydksv vksj nksuks tsy ykgksj dh gs A vktknh ds ckn os lkr fofhkuu lnuks ds lnl; jgsa es le>rk gw fd iztkrkf=d <+kps es dksbz O;fDr lkr fofhkuu lnuks dk lnl; ugh jgk gksxka os lfo/kku lhkk] lfo/kku lhkk ¼fo/kkf;dk]½ vlfkkbz yksdlhkk] yksdlhkk] itkc vlsecyh] gfj;k.kk vlsecyh vksj fqj jkt; lhkk vkfn ds lnl; jgsa xhrk dk 19 xhrk dk luns'k

12 tc ns'k vktknh ds ngkus ij Fkk vksj vktknh nsus dk QSlyk gks pqdk Fkk rks o"kz 1946 es pquko gksus tk jgk FkkA ml le; gfj;k.kk o itkc,d gh FksA dkxszl us mugs pquko ym+okus dk QSlyk fd;ka ysfdu] os ml le; tsy es FksA ckr myys[kuh; gs fd ml le; l;qdr itkc es esjs firk th,sls Lor=rk lsukuh Fks] ftugs lcls ckn es tsy ls NksM+k x;ka lfo/kku lhkk es fdlkuks dh vkokt mbkus okys os igys O;fDr FksA mugksus fdlkuks ds gd es ^,e,lih* ;kuh] ^feuhee liksvz izkbt* dk eqn~nk mbkrs gq, dgk fd ;g ns'k es gksuk pkfg, vksj vkidks ;g nsuk im+ sxka mugksus 6 uoecj] 1948 dks vius igys Hkk"k.k es dgk fd ^es,d fdlku dk csvk gw A xk o es iyk&i<+k gw A eq>s mudh rdyhqs ekywe gsa* Mk- d.kz flg cgqr cm+ s fo}ku gsa mugksus tks dqn dgk] mldk ewy fu"d"kz] tks es le>rk gw ] og gs ^/kez vksj dez*a /kez ds ckjs es bugksus lkq cryk;k fd tks vkrek cksyrh gs] mlds vuqlkj dke djuk] ^/kez* gs vksj cxsj Qy o bpnk ds ^dez* djuk ^/kez* gsa tks O;fDr viuk ^dez*] ^/kez* ds lkfk djrk gs] og dez;ksxh gksrk gsa bles dksbz nks jk; ugh gs fd pks/kjh j.kchj flg dez;ksxh FksA es,slk blfy, ugh dg jgk gw fd os esjs firk FksA,d iq= gksus ds ukrs eq>s mudh jktuhfrd] ikfjokfjd] jk"vªh;] lkekftd vkfn gj fteesokfj;ks dk HkyhHkkfr irk FkkA es vius fny ij gkfk j[kdj] cm+ s fo'okl vksj bttr ds lkfk dg ldrk gw fd esus Lo;,d nsork ds :i es vius firk th dks ns[kk gsa es Mk- d.kz flg th dk vr;ur vkhkkjh gw ] tksfd muds lkfk jgsa ml le; es rks NksVk cppk gh FkkA dbz ckj mugs firk th ds lkfk ns[krk Fkk vksj firk th Hkh mudh ckrs crk;k djrs FksA vkt Mk- lkgc mudh Le`fr es O;k[;ku nsus vk,] le; fudkyk vksj iszj.kkl=ksr ds :i es vius fopkj j[ks] blds fy, es muds izfr vkhkkj izdv djrk gw A xhrk dk 21 Mk- lkgc us ^xhrk dk luns'k* O;k[;ku e s tks fopkj fn, gs] mugs xzg.k djds tk,xs rks] vkidh cgqr lkjh lel;kvks dk lek/kku vius vki fudyrk pyk tk,xka gekjh lhkh lel;kvks dk lek/kku xhrk es gh gsa blfy, xhrk dk luns'k viuk, vksj mls vius thou es mrkjsa tc vki bls vius thou es mrkj ysxs vksj vpnh rjg xzg.k dj ysxs rks vki tkrikr] jxhksn] Åp&uhp vkfn lc phtks ls Åij mb tk,xsa vki vius dez es yx tk,xs vksj tks vkidh vrjkzrek dgsxh] ogh dez djsxsa vki /kez es yx tk,xs vksj /kez ds lkfk dez djds vki dez;ksxh cu tk,xsa bugh 'kcnks ds lkfk es fqj ls Mk- lkgc dk fny dh xgjkbz;ks ls /ku;okn O;Dr djrk gw A xhrk dk luns'k

13 pks/kjh j.kchj flg % lf{kir thou?kvukøe firkjh % pks/kjh ekrwjke ekrkjh % Jherh ekedksj nknk th % pks/kjh c[rkoj flg nknh th % Jherh /kuuks HkkbZ&cgu % 1- Mk- cychj flg 2- lqjh punzkorh 3- pks/kjh Qrsg flg s o"kz fooj.k 1914 ¼26 uoecj½ % tue ¼jksgrd ftys ds lk?kh xk o es½ 1920 % izkfkfed f'k{kk gsrq xk o ds Ldwy es izos'ka 1924 % izkfkfed f'k{kk iw.kz 1929 % ykgksj vf/kos'ku es cm+ HkkbZ ds lkfk f'kjdra 1933 % esfvªd dh ijh{kk mùkh.kz 1937 % ch-,- mùkh.kz 1937 % x`glfk thou es izos'k 1941 % lfø; jktuhfr es izos'k 1941 ¼5 viszy½ % izfke tsy ;k=k ¼O;fDrxr lr;kxzg½ 1941 ¼24&25 ebz½ % tsy ls fjgk 1941 % nwljh tsy ;k=k ¼,drk vkunksyu½ 1941 ¼24 fnlecj½ % tsy ls fjgk 1942 ¼14 tqykbz½ % firkjh dk nsgkr 1942 ¼24 flrecj½ % rhljh tsy ;k=k ¼Hkkjr NksM+ks vkunksyu½a 1943 ¼25 viszy½ % eqyrku ls ykgksj tsy es 1944 ¼24 tqykbz½ % tsy ls fjgk 1944 ¼28 flrecj½ % pksfkh tsy ;k=k ¼utjcnh myy?ku½ 1944 ¼7 vdrwcj½ % jksgrd tsy ls veckyk tsy es 1945 ¼14 Qjojh½ % tsy ls fjgk 1945 % iqu% fxj rkjha 1945 ¼18 fnlecj½ % tsy ls fjgkbza 1947 ¼10 tqykbz½ % lfo/kku lhkk lnl; fuokzfpr 1947 ¼14 tqykbz½ % lfo/kku lhkk lnl;rk xzg.k 1948 ¼6 uoecj½ % lfo/kku lhkk es izfke Hkk k.k 1952 % jksgrd yksdlhkk lhv ls fot;h 1957 % nwljh ckj gq, fot;h] 1962 % itkc fo/kku lhkk es dykuksj ls fot;h 1962 % itkc es fctyh o flpkbz e=h 1966 ¼1 uoecj½ % gfj;k.kk&xbua % e=h in ij fu;qdr 1968 ¼12&14 ebz½ % e/;kof/k pqukoa iqu% fot;h 1972 ¼viSzy½ % jkt;lhkk ds fy, pqus x, 1977 % gfj;k.kk dkxzsl ikvhz ds v/;{k cus 1978 % jkt;lhkk es dk;zdky leiuu 1980 % gfj;k.kk dkxzsl v/;{k dk;zdky leiuu 2009 ¼1 Qjojh½ % LoxZokl 2009 ¼2 Qjojh½ % jksgrd es ^lfo/kku&lfky* ij vr;sf"v xhrk dk 23 xhrk dk luns'k

14