DEDUCTING E-MOBILITY LOADING STATIONS LOCATIONS FROM CITY PARKING DATA

Transcription

1 DEDUCTING E-MOBILITY LOADING STATIONS LOCATIONS FROM CITY PARKING DATA Sascha Bioly Viktor Kuchshaus* Matthias Klumpp 17th International Working Seminar on Production Economics Innsbruck, 22. February 2012

2 Agenda 1. Introduction 2. Climate change 3. E-vehicles 4. Environmental balance 5. Climate program 6. Concept for Duisburg 2

3 1. Introduction Car traffic : outstanding importance for our mobility Undeniable: global dependence on oil as an energy source Oil Shortages: Resource is finite Security problems, political unrest - 62% of reserves in the middle east Constant increasing demand - BRICS countries * More speculative markets Statistical range: about 40 years *) Brazil, Russia, India, China, Southafrica (since 12/2010) 3 7% 13% Year % 4% 49% 6% 12% Yahr % 6% 52%

4 rechargeabl a fuel 1. Introduction Combustion of fossil fuels CO 2 emissions Goal of many nations: reducing emitted GHG quantities see Kyoto Protocol - 11 December 1997, Kyoto (Japan) Canada: dropped out on 13th December 2011 U.S. & China: never participated Russia and Japan will not extend after 2012 Raw oil shortage + climatic goals = Search for alternatives Solution: electric mobility (e-mobility)? Problem: range of electric vehicles Energy density of in Wh/kg Energy density of in Wh/kg lead-acid 35 diesel Ni-MH 90 benzine Li-Ionen 130 methanol for comparison: coal: Wh/kg Uranium ( 235 U): 18,7 Mio. kwh/kg 1 kg Uranium = t coal 4

5 2. Climate change CO 2 (ppm) CH 4 (ppb) N 2 O (ppb) trace gas carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) methane (CH 4 ) nitrous oxide (N 2 O) CFC-gases sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6) anthropogenic origin use of fosil energy deforestation use of fosil energy animal breeding, rice cultivation development trend * share to anth. greenhouse effect 280 ppm 370 ppm 61 % 0,28 ppm 0,31 ppm 15 % espacially field work (fertilizer) k.a. 4 % man-made blowing gas (aerosol can) cooling liquid e.g. cover gas at the technical production of magnesium 0 ppb 0,5 ppb 11 % 0 ppb 40 ppb 4 % * estimation ppm parts per million (10-6 ) ppb parts per billion (10-9 ) 5

6 3. E-vehicles Announcement by the Federal Government (03/05/2010): Till 2020 at least 1 million electric vehicles should be on Germany's streets 42,3 Mio. cars in Germany (FMTA: ) Alternative technologies are considered only slightly (40,000 vehicles) Current infrastructure for loading stations is not sufficient Option 1: Change batteries (China - standards?) Option 2: widespread deployment of loading stations Exemplary Investigation of Alternative 2 using the example of the city of Duisburg 6

7 3. E-vehicles Locations for loading stations in the city of Dusiburg - West germany (Ruhr area) - population: inhabitants - biggest inland port in Europe (Rhein) 7

8 3. E-vehicles Model Citroën C-Zero Mitsubishi i-miev Nissan Leaf V Max (km/h) Charging duration (hours with 230V) Charging duration (hours with 400V) for 80% capacity Seats (adults) Battery capacity (kwh) consumption (kwh/100km) range (km) Monthly procution (state) , ,5 150? , , (2011) , (2012) Peugeot ion , ,5 150? Renault Fluence Z.E. Renault Kangoo Z.E ,5 5 22? 185? ,5 2 22? 170? 8

9 4. Environmental balance How many CO₂-Emissions are really caused by E-vehicles Local : zero emission, thus 0 gramm CO₂ per km Next to the emissions in the production of the vehicles (scope 3!) the carbon dioxide from electricity generation is relevant types of power plants in the CO₂- comparison CO₂emission [g/kwh] 800 CO₂ emission factor of the electricity mix [g/kwh] Wind energy Offshore 23 Wind energy Onshore 24 Solar power [Import from spain] 27 Nuclear power station Hydroelectric power station Multicrystalline solar cell 101 Combined Cycle Power Plant (heating) 148 Combined Cycle Power Plant 428 Importing Coal-fired power plant Brown coal heating plant Importing blue coal power plant 949 Brown coal power plant

10 4. Environmental balance Energy mix in different states (Germany) government decision to phase out nuclear energy No change in e.g. North Rhine-Westphalia Strong change in e.g. Bavaria replaced nuclear energy by renewable forms of energy not possible Even more Emissions caused by more coal plants 10

11 5. Climate program Global programs - USA, Germany, China - 11

12 5. Climate program E-vehicles model regions in Germany 8 model regions in Germany Budget of 130 million EUR Cooperation of science, industry and the participating communes different research and development projects to set up infrastructure Aim: research and production site for e-mobility location for electric vehicles training capacity for e-mobility 12

13 6. Concept for Duisburg Managed parking areas in Duisburg 13

14 6. Concept for Duisburg Name Parking lots Name Parking lots 1 Averdunk Burgplatz CityPalais Nahestr City-Parkhaus Obermauerstr Düsseldorfer Str Oberstr Friedrich-Wilhelm-Str Oranienstr Galeria Duisburg Papendelle 94 7 Galeria Kaufhof Sinn-Leffers 86 8 Hauptbahnhof Steinische Gasse 85 9 Hauptbahnhof Ost Steinische Gasse Immobiliencenter Sparkasse Stresemannstr Innenhafen UCI-Parkhaus Königstr Universitätsstr Köhnenstr Schifferstr Köhnenstr Schifferstr Kuhlenwall Forum Marktplatz 150 total

15 6. Concept for Duisburg Current loading stations in Duisburg 15

16 6. Concept for Duisburg concept 1: proposal 16

17 6. Concept for Duisburg Further concepts (ideas): Non-clustered distribution of the loading stations at all managed Parking areas 1 central location with the total contingent for loading stations in the city of Duisburg Involvement of private parking lots In the Silberpalais an underground parking park with 3 storeys is availible that is not mentioned in any statistics Preferation in the distribution of loading stations espacially for parking lots that are provided longterm parking UCI-cinema parking parc; Mo-Fr, 06:00 18:00 rent to an long-term parking 17

18 6. Concept for Duisburg To get more detailed results more data has to be collected, e.g.: Will the 2-3% e-vehicles in Germany be distributed equally or is it more reasonable to set up clusters like Ruhr-area How many people living in Duisburg but working outside of Duisburg will use E-vehicles (charging in the night)? How many people not living in Duisburg but working in Duisburg will switch to E-vehicles (charging a day)? Average occupancy of parking areas Average spending duration per car Share of short-term or long-term needs to be determined for loading stations 18

19 DEDUCTING E-MOBILITY LOADING STATIONS LOCATIONS FROM CITY PARKING DATA Thanks for your attention! Sascha Bioly, Viktor Kuchshaus, Matthias Klumpp Contact: Sascha Bioly +49 (0)