Synthetic Lubricants in North America

Transcription

1 Synthetic Lubricants in Nrth America Ken Hpe, Ph.D., CLS Chevrn Phillips Chemical C. LLC 3 rd Nrth American Industrial Lubricants Cngress September 19-20, 2018

2 Tpics Synthetic Definitin Glbally Synthetics in Nrth America and PAO Impact Current Perfrmance Attributes f Varying Degrees f Synthetics

3 What is Synthetic? This Chemist s pinin: Origin and etymlgy f the wrd synthetic Greek: synthetiks f cmpsitin, cmpnent, frm syntithenai t put tgether Man-made / Tailred Made by cmbining lw mlecular weight materials via chemical reactin int higher mlecular weight materials Engine il view f synthetic may be different than ther lubricant applicatin views Wrld / Reginal Differences US marketing term Germany strict definitin Japan strict definitin Des 100% synthetic really mean 100%?

4 Is a Name just a Name: Synthetic (it depends) German Law requiring transparency in Fully Synthetic and Partial Synthetic Nn-binding Natinal Advertising Divisin f the Better Business Bureau (1997) in US rendered synthetic as a marketing term Is there a slippery slpe as t what is synthetic? NAD applies t autmtive nt industrial r ther lubricant areas (i.e. metal wrking fluids)

5 Classical Synthetic Base Oils PAOs Silicnes PIBs PAGs Synthetic Base Oils Alkylated Armatics Phsphate Esters Plyl Esters Dibasic Esters

6 Demand & Trend drivers Engine il specificatins are driving base il quality Changing emissins legislatin cntinues t accelerate new frmulatins EU Cmmissin prpsal fr pst-2020 CO 2 targets fr cars and vans: : 15% reductin : 30% reductin Fuel ecnmics & energy efficiency - Cntinued push twards lighter viscsity ils - Future viscsity requirements ging t 0W-20 and belw

7 CO 2 emissin values (g/km, nrmalized t NEDC Glbal Fuel Efficiency Gals 220 Passenger Car CO 2 Emissins and Fuel Cnsumptin, Nrmalized t NEDC KSA, 2020, 142 Mexic, 2018, 145 US prpsed, 2025, 125 Japan, 2020, 122 * China India, 2022, , 117 US, 2025, 99 Canada, 2025, 99 S. Krea, 2020, 97 The ICCT apprach cnverts each regin s test numbers t a cmmn (NEDC) test cycle based n mdelling estimates. Therefre these are nt the fficial numbers frm each cuntry s wn testing system. Fr additinal cmparisns see IES 2008b EU, 2030, Surce: 50BY50 Glbal Fuel Ecnmy Initiative Making Cars 50% Mre Fuel Efficient by 2050 Wrldwide FIA Fundatin fr the Autmbile and Sciety. NEDC: New Eurpean Driving Cycle ICCT: Internatinal Cuncil n Clean Transprtatin * Nte that Japan has already met its 2020 statutry target as f 2013

8 Nrth America: Synthetic vs. Cnventinal Engine Oil Key Findings frm AAA study 1 n the differences between cnventinal and synthetic engine il: On average, synthetic ils utperfrmed cnventinal ils in the cnducted tests by 47 % n: shear stability, depsit frmatin, vlatility, cld-temperature pumpability, xidatin resistance, and xidatin-induced rhelgical changes 44 % f drivers are either nt sure if synthetic mtr il is better fr their engine, r d nt believe synthetic mtr il is better fr their engine 1 - AAA Engine Oil Research: AAA Prprietary research int the differences between cnventinal and synthetic engine il, May 2017, NewsRm.AAA.cm 2 API service chart frm a series f PQIA Quick reference guides

9 Heavy Duty Engine Oil Heavy duty = largest demand in transprtatin sectr 5% AAGR Grwth Energy Demand Transprtatin Sectr Synthetics use will grw due t Stricter fuel ecnmy regulatins Cst savings frm increased fuel efficiency Increased drain intervals 15W-40 Cnsumptin in Nrth America: 2016: 74% f market 2027: 40% f market Eurpean OEMs are factry filling trucks with full synthetic (5W-30) and semisynthetic (10W-30) U.S. is primarily mving twards 10W-30 Surce: Lubes and Greases Nv 2017 & ExxnMbil 2018 Outlk fr Energy: A View t

10 Prcess Oils Metalwrking Fluids Industrial Engine Oils General Industrial Oils Grease Ttal CAGR % Glbal Synthetic Base Stck Cnsumptin Grwth PAO Ttal (All Synthetics) Surce: Kline

11 Apparent Viscsity (cp) HTHS Shear Stability Cnventinal and synthetic 5W- 20 ils were evaluated (5 f each type) by AAA HTHS Stability All f the cnventinal ils tested fell belw the ILSAC GF-5 minimum (2.6 cp) while 4/5 f the synthetic ils remained abve the minimum ILSAC GF-5 specificatin is fr new ils but: engine wear can be adversely affected if an engine il exhibits pr HTHS stability thrughut its service life NEW OIL Cnventinal Oil SHEARED OIL Synthetic Oil 1 - AAA Engine Oil Research: AAA Prprietary research int the differences between cnventinal and synthetic engine il, May 2017, NewsRm.AAA.cm 2 - M. J. Cvitch, "Olefin Cplymer Viscsity Mdifiers," in Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applicatins, Secnd Editin, CRC Press, 2009, pp

12 Nack Vlatility (wt. %) Nack Vlatility Cnventinal and synthetic 5W- 20 ils were evaluated (5 f each type) by AAA 1 by the Selby-Nack vlatility methd. Althugh all f the tested ils are belw the ILSAC GF-5 limit f 15% weight lss the synthetic ils were all significantly belw the cnventinal ils. On average, the 46% higher vlatility f the cnventinal ils is likely due t the greater presence f lwer mlecular weight cmpunds Nack Vlatility Cnventinal Oil Synthetic Oil 1 - AAA Engine Oil Research: AAA Prprietary research int the differences between cnventinal and synthetic engine il, May 2017, NewsRm.AAA.cm

13 Viscsity Increase ( %) Scanning Brkfield Cnventinal and synthetic 5W-20 ils were evaluated (5 f each type) by AAA 1 by the Scanning Brkfield methd. Depending upn the il flw design, a high lw-temperature/lw-shear viscsity may result in flw-limited behavir and subsequent engine damage. 1 Flw-limited behavir is assciated with viscsity and is nt dependent n gelatin. 3 Estimated Viscsity (cp) -28 C -34 C -38 C Cnventinal 6,943 16,966 34,667 Synthetic 5,357 11,677 20, % 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Viscsity Increase (cnventinal vs. synthetic) 30% 45% -28 C -34 C -38 C 73% Percent viscsity increase ver synthetic il 1 - AAA Engine Oil Research: AAA Prprietary research int the differences between cnventinal and synthetic engine il, May 2017, NewsRm.AAA.cm 3 - ASTM Internatinal, Standard Test Methd fr Lw Temperature, Lw Shear Rate, Viscsity/Temperature Dependence f Lubricating Oils Using a Temperature Scanning Technique, D ed.

14 Summary The term Synthetic cvers a wide variety f materials In autmtive applicatins, synthetic has becme a marketing term (US) Synthetic engine ils have been demnstrated t have significant advantages in: Shear stability Nack vlatility Oxidatin resistance (including xidatin-induced rhelgical changes) Lw temperature perfrmance (CCS, lw temperature pumping and scanning Brkfield viscsities)

15 Questins?

16 Thank Yu!