Presenter Tony Simon, Energy Engineer Energy/Facilities Connections Conference Leavenworth, WA May 2015

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2 Pwer Factr Crrectin What is it Gd Fr? Presenter Tny Simn, Energy Engineer Energy/Facilities Cnnectins Cnference Leavenwrth, WA May 2015

3 Tny s Backgrund Aircraft Maintenance Backgrund FAA Airframe & Pwerplant Mechanic B.S. in Electrical Engineering University f WA (Pwer Systems and Energy Efficiency) Energy Assessments and Cnsulting Industrial Cmmercial Municipal Agricultural Energy Training Develper and Instructr Energy Strage and Smart Grid 3

4 Cmmn Questins Am I penalized fr a lw pwer factr??? Hw d I crrect fr a lw pwer factr? Hw much crrectin d I need?

5 Tny s Backgrund Energy Assessments (I ve lst cunt) Industrial Municipal Agricultural Energy Experts Htline Technical Supprt Industrial Energy Efficiency Pwer Factr Crrectin Originatr and C-develper f Western s Pwer Factr Crrectin Tl NW Clean Energy Applicatin Center CHP Evaluatins Renewables Distributed Generatin and Intercnnectin Energy Strage and Smart Grid Technlgies

6 Tday s Presentatin Pwer Factr Crrectin Basics Hw it can help yur utility custmers Nuts and blts f pwer factr crrectin Western s Pwer Factr Crrectin Tl Intr Features Brief Walkthrugh

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10 10 Electric Billing Basics

11 11 Electric Billing Basics

12 Schedule definitin: Full year custmers kw Seasnal custmers kw Mnthly Billing Ttal = Basic + Demand + Energy + Reactive Pwer (PF) Adjustments per Schedules 91, 96, 98, 191 Basic and demand charges 12 Electric Billing Basics

13 Base and blck energy rates Reactive pwer charges (related t pwer factr) 13 Electric Billing Basics

14 Why Shuld Electric Utilities Care? Pr pwer factr affects utilities: Increased current lading Substatin and equip. ratings exceeded Unnecessary cngestin Equipment verheating Increased csts Ancillary charges frm Western Premature investments in substatins and equipment Less Capacity Reduced Reliability Lw Pwer Factr Will Reduce Real Pwer Output!

15 Why Shuld Yu Care Abut This?! Custmer Utilities Better Custmer Service Increase understanding Encurage implementatin End Users Better Understanding Des this affect yu? Nt feeling verwhelmed Better handle f energy bills Better Utility Operatin Optimal rate schedule design Mre efficient pwer system Reduced csts Reduced ancillary services If Pwer Factr is Crrected Cst savings culd be big Service sizes culd be smaller Higher elec. system efficiency

16 The Pwer Factr Beer Analgy

17 The Pwer Factr Beer Analgy Pwer Factr is like Beer! Apparent Pwer, kva Real Pwer, kw kvar kva kw Reactive Pwer, kvar Mathematically Speaking ~ +

18 Three Kinds f Pwer Apparent Pwer, kva Reactive Pwer, kvar Real Pwer, kw Utility Pwer System

19 Hw This Relates t Utilities Prper System Sizing Nt T Big - Nt T Small Other Factrs Ancillary Charges/Penalties Ecnmics (simple payback and ROI) Vltage Regulatin Lad Patterns Pwer Quality Cncerns (Harmnics)

20 What Affects Pwer Factr? The end use equipment has a direct impact n pwer factr! Lw Pwer Factr High Pwer Factr Apparent Pwer, kva Reactive Pwer, kvar Apparent Pwer, kva Reactive Pwer, kvar Real Pwer, kw Real Pwer, kw Mre Inductive Lads Higher Reactive Pwer Lad Higher Current Draw Lwer Pwer Factr

21 Increasing Pwer Factr By Increasing the Pwer Factr kvar is reduced kva is reduced kw remains the same! Apparent Pwer, kva Reactive Pwer, kvar Vltage remains the same Current draw is reduced Real Pwer, kw Because the kw is the same, the energy use in kwh will als be unchanged *Generally Pwer Factr Crrectin Des Nt Save Energy fr End Users!

22 QUIZ! A B Which has a higher pwer factr?

23 Hw is Pwer Factr Crrected? Utility Side Capacitrs Ple, Rack, Enclsed r Pad Munted $30/kVAR Fixed $50/kVAR Switched End User Side Capacitrs Fixed r Switched Bank $15/kVAR Fixed $50/kVAR Switched Alternatives Lad Tap Changer Transfrmers Vltage Regulatin Adjustment at Generatin Alternatives Electrnic Variable Freq. Drives Reductin in Inductive Lads

24 Where Culd PFC Be Lcated?

25 Where Culd PFC Be Lcated?

26 PFC in the End-User Systems Electrical Benefits Vltage Imprvement Line Lss Reductin Increased Capacity Reductin in Nuisance Trips Financial Benefits Lwer Bills (if Penalty Exists) Ptential kva Demand Reductin

27 PFC at Custmer Utility Cntrl Area Electrical Benefits Vltage Imprvement Line Lss Reductin Increased System Capacity Financial Benefits Reduced Ancillary Charges (if applicable)

28 Pwer Factr is Cnfusing! End Users it Affects Knwingly Paying Penalties Crrective actins expensive Nt knwing hw t get started Feel penalties can t be avided Unknwingly Paying Dn t understand bills Accept bills as they are End Users it Desn t Affect Residential and Mst Cmmercial End Users Penalties aren t present Zer financial benefit Purchased Black Bxes Dn t understand Pwer Factr Vendrs dn t understand Vendrs chse t ignre reality

29 Pwer Factr Step-by-Step 1. Screen using Pwer Factr Crrectin Calculatr 2. Design Wrk with a pwer quality cnsultant r firm that specializes in Pwer Factr Crrectin. 3. Pwer quality survey/study may be required. 4. Cmmissining 5. Pst install pwer quality survey/study may be required. *If Pwer Factr Penalties dn t exist end users shuld be fcusing n energy efficiency!

30 Penalties fr Lw Pwer Factr Mst utilities penalize fr pwer factr less than 90-95% PF! Cmmn Uncmmn Energy Penalty Billing Excess kvar & Demand Demand Penalty Billing kvar Direct Billing PF Penalties rlled int the cst f energy and demand Excess kvarh END USERS SHOULD KNOW THEIR UTILITY RATE SCHEDULE!!!

31 Pwer Factr Cmparisn Identical Refrigeratin Cmpressrs One with and ne withut run-capacitrs!

32 Pwer Factr Cmparisn P=VxA P = V x A x PF

33 Pwer Factr Cmparisn Current, a PF Cmpressr Cmpressr Percent Difference 35% kw with Actual PF % kw with 100% PF % USE CARE IN USING CURRENT TO ESIMTATE ENERGY USE! 34%

34 Pwer Factr Crrectin Calculatr High-level screening tl G-N G Gauge n PF Rate schedule analysis Examples and Tutrial Custm inputs Rate schedules can be built-in Calculatins are easy! Pwer Factr Demand Energy Efficiency Ecnmics ROI Optimizatin! Visualizes PF crrectin

35 Making Sense f Utility Bills Help files include samples f actual bills with cmments shwing: What t lk fr Inputs required fr the calculatr Tips fr entering data in the calculatr

36 Optimum Crrectin with a Click f a Buttn Bth prjects are cst effective, but the first is ver-crrected Because f the type f schedule, there are n savings abve PF f 0.85 Click Optimize Investment and the crrectin pint is mved t maximum ROI

37 Energy Cnservatin & Demand Reductin Can Reduce Pwer Factr Penalties Pwer factr penalties can be reduced by implementing energy cnservatin and demand reductin even withut crrectin under certain types f rate structures

38 Learn Hw Pwer Factr Wrks

39 Printable Results!

40 The Pwer Factr Dem!

41 Thank Yu Any Questins? Tny Simn Energy Systems Engineer WSU Extensin Energy Prgram