Electric motorsport. Juan Van Roy

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Jesse Lewis
5 years ago
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1 Electric mtrsprt Juan Van Ry

2 Hybrid and electric mtrsprt drivetrains A selectin f mdern applicatins

speed First land speed recrds 1898 with Jeantaud Duc ~58 mph

3 Histry Early land speed recrds dminated by EVs Late 1800 s: variety f pwertrains trade-ff between range, reliability and speed First land speed recrds 1898 with Jeantaud Duc ~58 mph 1899 with La Jamais Cntente ~66 mph first rad vehicle > 100 km/h

4 Histry Recent electric land speed recrds Venturi Buckeye Bullet Student-built at Cllege f Engineering (Ohi State University) Attempts at Bnneville Speedway Surce:

5 Histry Recent electric land speed recrds Venturi Buckeye Bullet Vehicle U.S. Recrd Wrld Recrd (km) Wrld Recrd (mile) Pwer Surce Buckeye Bullet mph ( km/h) mph ( km/h) (Nn-FIA) Battery (NiMH) Buckeye Bullet mph ( km/h) mph ( km/h) Hydrgen Fuel Cell Buckeye Bullet mph ( km/h) mph ( km/h) [2] Battery (Li-in) Surce:

6 Venturi Buckeye Bullet 3 Designed fr 400 mph (~640 km/h) Nt yet achieved due t weather cnditins 2000 LiFePO4 cells 2 x 1500 hp Up t 2800 Nm Surce:

7 Mtrsprt ging green Why? Histrically, racing cmpetitin has been in a unique psitin t prmte the kind f rapid vehicle technlgy innvatin cmpetitrs need t keep winning There is histrical precedence f racing resulting in innvatins in safety, durability, perfrmance, tire technlgy, and mre. Racing als prvides the ideal prving grund t assure that technlgical imprvements will be durable under the mst demanding cnditins.

8 Mtrsprt ging green Why? Glbal warming issues: reducing CO 2 emissins increasing energy efficiency OEMs are invlved used as demnstratin; testing technlgies fr future rad vehicles state f the art technlgies advanced engines, renewable/bi-fuels, lightweight materials, aerdynamics, energy strage, advanced electric prpulsin systems, waste heat recvery systems

9 Mtrsprt ging green Initial steps Glbal warming issues: reducing CO 2 emissins Initial actins arund 2007 Frmula 1 dwnsizing f engines 2010: kinetic energy recuperatin system (KERS) 2014: kinetic and heat energy recuperatin system (ERS) Recent LeMans series first mve t Diesels, than t hybrids as winning cars IndyCar (Nrth America) bifuels since 2007 Other series Bifuels All electric mtrsprt series Frmula E, electric bikes, slar challenge,

10 Frmula E Ging full electric

Frmula E #DrivetheFuture FIA single seater champinship since Sept. 2014 http://www.fiafrmulae.cm/ racing in city centers 1 st seasn between Sept. 2014 June 2015 2 nd seasn started in Oct.

11 Frmula E #DrivetheFuture FIA single seater champinship since Sept racing in city centers 1 st seasn between Sept June nd seasn started in Oct Aim Frmula E: represent the future f mtr industry R&D framewrk fr electric vehicles: accelerating develpment and prmting sustainability use f latest technlgy, pushing the bundaries fr the future cmprmise between perfrmance and cst effectiveness

Frmula E Race frmat 2 practice sessins (45 + 30 min) Qualifying: nly 1 car available defining starting rder race drivers divided in grups f 5 (sessins f 6 minutes) + super-ple sessin fr 5

12 Frmula E Race frmat 2 practice sessins ( min) Qualifying: nly 1 car available defining starting rder race drivers divided in grups f 5 (sessins f 6 minutes) + super-ple sessin fr 5 fastest drivers Race: ~50 min restricted pwer, but 3 drivers get a single bst (awarded by fans thrugh nline vting) 1 mandatry pit stp t swap cars, NO battery swap nr recharging during qualifying f race

13 Frmula E The car Seasn 1: identical car fr all 10 teams develped by Spark Racing Technlgy designed with expertise frm mtrsprt cnsrtium: McLaren (electric pwertrain and electrnics), Williams (batteries), Dallara (mncque chassis), Renault (system integratin) and Michelin Seasn 2 is mre pen fr teams t develp their car new pwertrain slutins: mtr, inverter, gearbx and cling system main cnsideratin: number f electric mtrs and gears In the future als develpment n battery system

Frmula E The car Electric mtr(s) maximum pwer: 200 kw available during practice and qualifying sessins race mde: 150 kw (pwer-saving) FanBst (race-nly): temprary increase (5 sec) frm 150 kw t 180 kw

14 Frmula E The car Electric mtr(s) maximum pwer: 200 kw available during practice and qualifying sessins race mde: 150 kw (pwer-saving) FanBst (race-nly): temprary increase (5 sec) frm 150 kw t 180 kw peak pwer 1 r 2 mtrs allwed (rear axle) e.g. 1 st seasn: Mclaren engines: 2 x 120 kw permanent magnet synchrnus mtrs, with 5- speed gear bx Perfrmance Acceleratin: km/h in 3 sec Maximum speed: 225 km/h Maximal rpm Battery system (and/r capacitr) limited t 28 kwh (mnitred) max. 200 kg

15 Frmula E The car Sund: ~ 80 db (higher than rad vehicle) 35 Recharging batteries cmbustin f glycerine in standard diesel generatrs single generatr can charge all 40 cars frm flat t full in 50 minutes

16 Frmula E Safety car BMW as fficial vehicle partner safety car: hybrid BMW i8 medical car: full electric BMW i3 BMW X5 xdrive40e plug-in hybrid BMW C evlutin electric scters Inductive charging (7.2 kw) BMW i3 BMW i8

17 Frmula 1 Ging hybrid

Frmula 1 Aim f Internatinal autmbile federatin (FIA) F1 cars shuld be mre clsely resemble hybrid cars Initiatives t increase energy efficiency engine dwnsizing: V8 à V6 (<15000 rpm) limited amunt f

18 Frmula 1 Aim f Internatinal autmbile federatin (FIA) F1 cars shuld be mre clsely resemble hybrid cars Initiatives t increase energy efficiency engine dwnsizing: V8 à V6 (<15000 rpm) limited amunt f fuel: cap f 100 kg per race energy recuperatin system kinetic: during braking waste heat energy recvery (since 2014) Surce:

19 Frmula 1 Energy recuperatin intrductin in 2009: kinetic energy recuperatin system KERS extra 80 hp during 6,67 secnds per lap since 2014: energy recuperatin system ERS kinetic + heat additinal 160 hp during abut 33 secnds per lap

20 Elements f a mdern F1 Pwer unit

21 Elements f a mdern F1 Pwer unit Energy strage: battery strage ther energy strage devices are allwed! Williams develped and tested flywheel in the past (see Le Mans Series) Turbcharger: single stage cmpressr and turbine MGU-K Mtr Generatr Unit Kinetic 4MJ per lap t strage MGU-H Mtr Generatr Unit Heat 2MJ per lap t strage nly be used abve 100 km/h V6 Engine MGU cntrl electrnics MGU-K with electrnic cntrl unit

MGU-H The MGU-H is cnnected t the turbine shaft f the turbcharger It des nt harvest energy by the heat frm the turbcharger but by the unused rtatinal energy frm excess turbine speed

22 MGU-H The MGU-H is cnnected t the turbine shaft f the turbcharger It des nt harvest energy by the heat frm the turbcharger but by the unused rtatinal energy frm excess turbine speed and pressure. Unlimited energy recvery per lap MGU-H als cntrls the speed f the turb, speeding it up (t prevent turb lag) r slwing it dwn AC current as utput à need fr extra AC-DC cnversin

23 Wrking principle ERS

24 Wrking principle ERS

25 Perfrmance Cmparisns

27 Le Mans Series Hybrid prttypes

special ultra-lw sulfur fr Diesel cars 2008 Intrducing cellulsic E85 2009 First gas-electric hybrid First

28 Le Mans Series Bifuels 2006 Audi unveils the R10 TDI diesel racing car Audi wins the 12h Sebring and 24h Le Mans during first year 2007 American Le Mans Intrducing E10 ethanl blend fr all nndiesel cars in and special ultra-lw sulfur fr Diesel cars 2008 Intrducing cellulsic E First gas-electric hybrid First use f is-butanl Recent years à hybrid cars frm Tyta Audi and Prsche Dminating their class (LMP1 and LMP1-Hybrid)

Le Mans Series Tyta First petrl hybrid prttype in 24h Le Mans Tyta TS030 Hybrid (2012-2013) Tyta TS040 Hybrid (2014-2015)

29 Le Mans Series Tyta First petrl hybrid prttype in 24h Le Mans Tyta TS030 Hybrid ( ) Tyta TS040 Hybrid ( ) Kinetic energy recuperatin while braking Supercapacitr : fr rear-axle : extra supercapacitr fr 4-wheel drive

Le Mans Series Audi R18 e-trn quattr Intrduced in 2012 Wn the 24h Le Mans (1-2 victry) 2013 specs 500 kj flywheel (designed by Williams Hybrid Pwer à F1) V6 diesel engine 2 x 100 hp Bsch electric

30 Le Mans Series Audi R18 e-trn quattr Intrduced in 2012 Wn the 24h Le Mans (1-2 victry) 2013 specs 500 kj flywheel (designed by Williams Hybrid Pwer à F1) V6 diesel engine 2 x 100 hp Bsch electric mtrs (Mtr/Generatr) at frntwheels 4-wheel drive nly abve 120 km/h 6 driving mdes t alter engine mappings 2014 specs exhaust heat recvery added, but nt used as perfrmance gain was lwer than expected 500 à 700 kj flywheel Energy utput frm flywheel increased frm 2 à 4MJ per lap

Le Mans Series Prsche 919 Hybrid Prsche returned t Le Mans series in 2014 2.

31 Le Mans Series Prsche 919 Hybrid Prsche returned t Le Mans series in L 4-cylinder turbcharged engine (>500 hp) Electric mtr (>400 hp) à frnt wheels Hybrid car Li-in battery system: 6MJ (1,7 kwh) per lap f Le Mans (8MJ in 2015) Exhaust heat energy recvery system (turbine in exhaust) 2015: ple and win at 24h Le Mans

32 Prsche 919 Hybrid

33 Le Mans Series Nissan ZEOD RC Hybrid electric car cmpeted in 24h Le Mans 2014 Li-in battery pack retired early due t gearbx failure ZEOD makes histry cmpleting ne lap using electric pwer nly!

34 Other examples

Belgium: Punch Pwertrain Slar Team (Grep T) Only the sun as a surce f

35 Slar Challenge Wrld, Eurpean, events Initiated in 1987 Mst recent: slar challenge in Australia ~3000 km in 6 days Cmpetitin fr universities Belgium: Punch Pwertrain Slar Team (Grep T) Only the sun as a surce f energy incl. strage system (limit n battery weight in functin f battery type)

36 Slar challenge

37 Frmula Zer Zer-emissin racing class fr fuel-cell vehicles karts designed by universities

38 Electrical karts Rental D it yurself

39 TT Zer event ebikes Since 2010 full electric bike

40 And many mre examples available

Rapid Concept Design Process for EV And HEV, Including Fuel Economy Robustness. Barry James Chief Technical Officer September 2015

Rapid Concept Design Process for EV And HEV, Including Fuel Economy Robustness. Barry James Chief Technical Officer September 2015 Rapid Cncept Design Prcess fr EV And HEV, Including Fuel Ecnmy Rbustness Barry James Chief Technical Officer September 2015 Cntents Strategy fr Fuel Ecnmy Imprvements Case Studies Reductin in lsses thrugh