PMUs and Blackout Analysis

Transcription

1 PMUs and Blackout Analysis Robert W. Cummings NERC Director, Reliability Initiatives and System Analysis NASPI Working Group Meeting Technical Session 2 February 21, 2013

2 Use of PMUs in EA 2 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

3 IESO-MECS Voltage and Flows Measured from Lambton MW/MVAr Source: Ontario PSDR kv kv MW MVAr :10:38 16:10:40 16:10:42 16:10:44 16:10:46 16:10:48 Time - EDT 3 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

4 Power System Dynamic Recorders (PSDRs) Power Flows (MW) Frequency (Hz) 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1, ,000-2,000 16:10:36 New York into Ontario Ontario into Michigan New York into New England PJM into New York -3,000 16:10:30 16:10:40 Time 16:10:50 16:11:00 16:10:30 to 16:11:00 Start of split between East and West MI 16:10:38 16:10: :10: :10: :10:42 Detroit, Cleveland separated from W. MI. Cleveland cut off from PA NY separates from PA Cleveland separates from Toledo, islands 1630 MW Detroit generation trips 16:10: NY-West Lambton ONT-MI NY-East 57 16:10:30 16:10:40 Time 16:10:50 16:11:00 4 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY NY separates from NJ 16:10:48 NY and New England separate 16:10:49 16:10:50 Split complete between East and West NY Ontario splits from West NY 16:10:56 Ontario reconnects with West NY

5 NY to Ontario 345kV Niagara New York to Ontario 345 kv Line Flow at Niagara (does not include 230 kv line flow) Niagara KV East Lima - Fostoria Central 345 trip Thetford-Jewel, Hampton Pontiac, & Perry - Ashtabula 345kV lines trip MW Sammis-Star 345 trip Argenta - Battle Creek double circuit 345 trip KV PA301&2 MW :05:43 16:05:49 16:05:54 16:06:00 16:06:05 16:06:11 16:06:16 16:06:22 16:06:27 16:06:33 16:06:38 16:06:44 16:06:49 16:06:55 16:08:55 16:09:00 16:09:06 16:09:11 16:09:17 16:09:23 16:09:28 16:09:33 16:09:39 16:09:45 16:09:50 16:09:56 16:10:01 16:10:20 16:10:26 16:10:31 16:10:37 16:10:42 16:10:48 5 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY 200.0

6 Detroit Units Slip Poles Keith-Waterman (J5D) 230 kv - Tie Line 800 Keith-Waterman Trips at 16:10: Classical Stability #4 V P Q -200 #1 #2 #3-400 Severe Voltage Depression in Downtown and Southern Detroit Region Toledo/Cleveland Island Separates from Detoit Detroit Area Generation Pulls Out of Synch and Slips 2 Poles as Frequency Increases to ~62 hz Significant Generation Loss and/or Transmission Seperation in Detroit Seconds from 16:10 Remaining Detroit Generation Slips 2 Poles as Frequency Fallsat 6 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

7 Frequency in Ontario and New York 7 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

8 Nine Mile Point Unit 2 Trips Nine Mile Point Unit 2 Generation Data (Reconstructed) Hz 63.0 Hz 63.1 Hz Generatino Net Output MWe Disturbance Begins Unit 2 Accelerates During Frequency Increase Unit 2 Accelerates Excitation System Tripped Breakers Open System Frequency 200 Governor Runback Governor Runback Reactor Trip on Low Turbine Control Hydraulic Pressure Seconds from 16:10 August 14, RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY 36 32

9 2003 Blackout Simulations 140 % of Normal Ratings (Amps) Sammis-Star 345 kv CantC-Tidd 345 kv Star-S.Cant 345 kv Hanna-Jun 345 kv 20 0 Hard-Chamb 345 kv Hanna-Jun 345 kv Star-S.Cant 345 kv Clov-Torrey 138 kv E.Lima-N.Lib 138 kv Babb-W.Ak 138 kv Outages W.Ak-PV Q kv CantC Xfmr E.Lima-N.Fin 138 kv Cham-W.Ak 138 kv W.Ak 138 kv Bkr Failure Dale-W.Can 138 kv Hard-Chamb 345 kv 9 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

10 8 Years Later 10 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

11 PMU Data from SONGS 11 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

12 Simulation vs. Actual Flows South of SONGS Flows MW :27: :28: :30: :31: :33: :34: :36: :37: Local Time (PDT) Simulated Actual (PMU) 12 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

13 7 Phases of Event 13 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

14 Answering Immediate Questions We heard there was a blackout in Southern California Was it an attack tripping multiple lines? Did the San Onofre plant trip cause San Diego to go black? Was it a simple switching error? Did generation trip in Mexico cause it? 14 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

15 Initial (overnight) Analysis 15 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

16 CAISO Freq/ACE MST From RA Tool CISO Freq/ACE MST 16 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

17 1-Min. CAISO Freq MST From RA Tool 17 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

18 WECC Freq ~1538 SDGE Sep. From FMA Tool 18 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

19 System Separation & SONGS Trip Loss of SDGE Load Loss of San Onofre Gen. From RA Tool 19 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

20 FNET FDR Locations 20 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

21 Initial FNet FDR Angular Plot AZ-NM-CO California 21 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

22 Sequence of Events Analysis with PMUs 22 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

23 Initiating Event Voltage Divergence Hassayampa North Gila 500 kv Trip Series Capacitor Bypass Switch Arcs Over 23 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

24 Hass. N. Gila 500 kv Line Trip South of SONGS Current CCM Unit 1 generator trip Hassyampa N. Gila 500 kv line trip 24 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

25 Critical PMU Locations 25 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

26 Phase 4 Example Two GTs & UVLS CV-Niland UVLS Motor stalling Colmac GT Blythe-Niland 26 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

27 Phase 5 Example transformers trip generators trip 27 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

28 Phase 6 Example Blythe RAS S line RAS generators A line trip S line RAS generators 28 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

29 PMU Measured Phase Angles Hass.- N.G. Trip Rest of WECC System SONGS Coachella Valley Trip SONGS Separation Miguel Ramon Trip Using Tesla as the reference angle, zeroed 29 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

30 Questions? 30 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY