100 MW Wind Generation Project
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1 A subsidiary of Pinnacle West Capital Corporation 100 MW Wind Generation Project CUSTOMER FINAL Feasibility Study Results By Transmission Planning, APS December 21, 2007
2 Executive Summary This Feasibility Study has determined that the proposed Project can interconnect into APS s Adams Tap-Mural 115 kv line as an Energy Resource Interconnection. The Project will be required to trip-off for the outage of the 115 kv line between Adams Tap and the POI. Also, if additional breakers are not installed at Adams Tap, the Project will be required to trip-off for the outage of Western s Apache to Nogales 115kV line. This is to avoid the situation of APS s load being islanded with the Project. The Project can interconnect at an output level up to 79 MW without requiring any system upgrades. This is due to the rating of the Adams Tap-Mural 115 kv line. If the output of the Project is greater than 79 MW the 115 kv line from Adams Tap to the POI would need to be upgraded. Therefore, at the maximum Customer-requested output level of 100 MW, the 115 kv line would need to be upgraded to handle the output of the entire Project. i
3 Contents Page Introduction 1 Study Objectives 1 Project and Interconnection Information 1 Study Methodology 2 Study Results 2 General Results: Interconnection at any Generation Level 2 Interconnection Level without System Upgrades 3 Interconnection with Project at 100 MW 3 Cost Estimates 4 Conclusion 5 Appendix A Figure 1 Figure 2 A1 A2 ii
4 Introduction CUSTOMER (Customer) submitted a completed generator interconnection application to Arizona Public Service (APS) for the 100 MW Wind Project (Project). The proposed project consists of a total of MW Clipper C-93 Platform Liberty wind turbines. The requested maximum net output of the project to the APS controlled grid is 100 MW. The commercial operation date of the project is expected to be on or before December 31, The customer s desired in-service date for the Interconnection Facilities is October 1, The proposed project will be located on a ridge line in the Mule Mountains just north of the city of Bisbee, Cochise County in the State of Arizona. The Project will interconnect into APS Adams Tap Mural 115 kv line. Following the scoping meeting July 31, 2007, the Customer requested that only Energy Resource Interconnection Service be studied for the proposed Project. APS decided that an interconnection feasibility study was required to determine alternate feasible points of interconnecting the project to the APS transmission system and associated transmission/sub-transmission upgrades on the APS system and/or neighboring systems which may be affected. Study Objectives The main objective of this study was to determine if there were any alternate feasible interconnection points and associated transmission/sub-transmission system reinforcements required to interconnect the Project. The study also provides high-level cost estimates for the different feasible interconnection plans for the proposed project. Also identified in the study are the generation levels, less than 100 MW, that do not require significant transmission/sub-transmission system reinforcements to interconnect the Project. Project and Interconnection Information The general project and interconnection information is provided below: Project location: South-central Cochise County Number of Generators: MW C-93 Platform Liberty Turbines Maximum Plant output: 100 MW Step Up transformer: 34.5/115 kv, 150 MVA Auto Transformer, Z=8.5% Power Factor: Studied at unity power factor Interconnection Configuration: 4 Wind project 34.5 kv collector substations each consisting of up to MW C-93 Turbines. Output of the collector systems would interconnect into APS s Adams Tap Mural 115 kv line
5 Appendix A, Figure 1, provided by the Customer, depicts the 100 MW Wind Generation Project interconnection point and the existing transmission system at the interconnection vicinity. Figure 2 is a one-line diagram depicting the required interconnection facilities for the Project. Study Methodology High-level power flow was performed to evaluate the impact of the proposed project on the existing transmission and sub-transmission system. The feasibility study focused on the following WECC/NERC Category B and C outages: All single generator outages within the vicinity of the project (APS and non-aps) All single ( kv) transmission outages within the vicinity of the project (APS and non-aps) All single transformer outages within the vicinity of the project (APS and non-aps) System reinforcements were identified to address any adverse impact of the proposed project on the existing transmission system. Generation at the Arizona area swing-machine (Navajo 3) was offset to accommodate the output of the Project. Fault duty studies were not performed due to the characteristics of the proposed generators. It was determined that the proposed interconnection would have no fault duty contribution to the system. Study Results General Results: Interconnection at any Generation Level The APS sub-transmission and distribution system that is served from the Mural 115 kv substation is operated as a radial system. For loss of the transmission source at Mural a normally open back-up tie-line into a neighboring utility is utilized along with a generator at the Fairview substation. As part of the interconnection of the proposed Project at the Point of Interconnection (POI) a three breaker ring bus would be constructed in the Adams Tap-Mural 115 kv line. Formerly, a fault on the Adams Tap-Mural line would trip the whole line. With a three breaker ring bus at the proposed POI, the line would be able to be operated as two separate sections; one from the POI north to Adams Tap and one from the POI south to Mural
6 With this configuration, an outage of the 115 kv line from the POI to Adams Tap would leave the Project in an island with APS s local load. Operationally, having load islanded with a wind farm is an undesirable situation because of the nature of wind generation. Therefore, for an outage of the POI-Adams Tap 115 kv line, the Project would be required to be tripped. Similar to the POI to Adams Tap outage, an outage of Western s Apache to Nogales 115kV line would also leave the Project in an island with APS s local load. Currently, APS s Adams Tap to Mural 115kV line is tapped off Western s Apache to Nogales 115kV line. A fault on Western s line would trip the breakers at the Apache and Nogales ends. However, if two additional breakers are installed at Adams Tap, thereby creating a three breaker ring, the entire Apache to Nogales line would not need to be taken out-of-service for a fault and the Project would not be islanded with APS s local load. An estimated cost for creating a three breaker ring bus at Adams Tap is included in the cost estimates below. However, the work that would be needed at Adams Tap would be performed by Western and the actual costs would be charged by Western. The work associated with these upgrades would be network upgrades. If the Project was tripped off-line, it may be possible to allow the Project to inject power into the system after the back-up tie-line is closed. The amount and conditions under which that would be possible are beyond the scope of a Feasibility study and would require detailed operational studies of the local system. For this Feasibility study the assumption is that the Project would be tripped off for the outage of the POI-Adams Tap 115 kv line and the Apache- Nogales 115kV line. Interconnection Level without System Upgrades The rating of the existing APS 115 kv transmission line between Adams Tap and Mural is 79 MVA. It was determined that when the Project is interconnected at 79 MW (assuming unity pf) there are no system elements that violate thermal or voltage criteria. The interconnection is limited to 79 MW due to the rating of the 115 kv line between the POI and the Boothill tap. The critical contingency is the loss of the 115 kv line between the POI and the Mural substation or the Mural 115/69 kv transformer. For either of those outages, all of the Project s output would flow onto the 115 kv line north toward Adams Tap, thereby limiting the maximum output of the Project to 79 MW without the need for any system upgrades. Interconnection with Project at 100MW With the Project output at the full desired interconnect level of 100 MW there is only one system element that would need to be upgraded. With all lines in
7 service (N-0), the system can accommodate the addition of 100 MW of generation as long as the level of load being served out of the Mural substation is at least 21 MW. With the load being served from the Mural substation being radial, if the load is at least 21 MW, the output of the Project will send 21 MW to the load and 79 MW north to Boothill and Adams Tap. The 2010 winter forecasted load for the area, the year the customer is requesting interconnection, is approximately 35 MW. Therefore, as long as the load being served from the Mural substation is at least 21 MW there will be no N-0 overloads on the POI- Adams Tap 115 kv line. There were a few single contingencies that caused a system element to violate reliability criteria. All of those contingencies were for a system element south of the POI. Those outages are the loss of the POI-Mural 115 kv line, the Mural 115/69 kv transformer, or the Mural-San Pedro Tap 69 kv line. Each of those outages either reduce the amount of load that can be served from the Mural substation or completely isolates the Project output onto the 115 kv line to Adams Tap. Therefore, to achieve the full 100 MW output of the Project, the 115 kv line from the POI north to Adams Tap would have to be upgraded to a rating of at least 100 MVA. With the APS load being radially served by the 115 kv line from Adams Tap, taking that line out-of-service to rebuild it may prove problematic. The estimated construction costs provided below may significantly increase depending upon the solution on how to serve the load in the area without the 115 kv line. Those costs can be explored further if the Project proceeds to the System Impact phase of the interconnection process. A remedial action scheme may be implemented to drop the output of the Project to a maximum of 79 MW for any of the contingencies stated above. This would eliminate the need to upgrade the 115 kv line. However, the Arizona Corporation Commission (ACC) and their electric utilities staff, in their Guiding principles for ACC staff determination of electric system adequacy and reliability have stated a policy of not allowing a new generation project to utilize a remedial action scheme (RAS). This issue would need to be discussed between the Customer and the ACC. Cost Estimates Interconnection Cost (up to 79 MW) Item Estimated Time (months) Estimated Cost ($M) Project Interconnection Substation: 30 months (w/siting $2.5M three breaker ring 115kV and permitting) Total 30 month $2.5M - 4 -
8 Interconnection Cost (100 MW) Item Estimated Time (months) Estimated Cost ($M) Project Interconnection Substation: 30 months (w/siting $2.5M three breaker ring 115kV and permitting) Rebuild the Adams Tap-POI 36 months (w/siting $30M Substation 115kV line (~39 miles) and permitting) Total 36 months $32.5M Optional Interconnection Cost: Expansion of Adams Tap (APS estimate of WAPA charges) Item Estimated Time (months) Estimated Cost ($M) Expand Adams Tap: Add two 30 months (w/siting $2.5M breakers to create a three breaker ring 115kV and permitting) Total 30 month $2.5M Conclusion This Feasibility Study has determined that the proposed Project can interconnect into APS s Adams Tap-Mural 115 kv line as an Energy Resource Interconnection. The Project will be required to trip-off for the outage of the 115 kv line between Adams Tap and the POI. This is to avoid the situation of APS s load being islanded with the Project. Also, unless Adams Tap is expanded to a three breaker ring bus, the project will be required to trip-off for the outage of Western s Apache to Nogales 115kV line. Again, this is to avoid the situation of APS s load being islanded with the Project. The Project can interconnect at an output level up to 79 MW without requiring any system upgrades. This is due to the rating of the Adams Tap-Mural 115 kv line. If the output of the Project is greater than 79 MW the 115 kv line from Adams Tap to the POI would need to be upgraded. Therefore, at the maximum desired output level of 100 MW, the 115 kv line would need to be upgraded to handle the output of the entire Project
9 Appendix A
10 Figure 1: Wind Generation Project interconnection point - 1 -
11 Figure 2: Interconnection Facilities ADAMS TAP NOGALES APACHE FENCE WAPA APS Optional Network Upgrades 25 Boothill 115/21KV Customer FENCE APS Network Upgrades To Project Point of Interconnection MURAL 115/69/12.47KV 50MVA 69KV - 2 -
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