Document Name: ASME B : Overhead and Gantry Cranes

Transcription

1 By Authrity Of THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Legally Binding Dcument By the Authrity Vested By Part 5 f the United States Cde 552(a) and Part 1 f the Cde f Regulatins 51 the attached dcument has been duly INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE and shall be cnsidered legally binding upn all citizens and residents f the United States f America. HEED THIS NOTICE: Criminal penalties may apply fr nncmpliance. e Dcument Name: ASME B : Overhead and Gantry Cranes CFR Sectin(s): Date f Actin: 29 CFR FR 48135, Aug. 9, 2010 Official Incrpratr: THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER WASHINGTON, D.C.

2 I Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Tp Running Bridge, Single r Multiple Girder,Tp Running Trlley Hist) Safety Standard fr Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hists, Hks, Jacks, and Slings AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

3 I, \

4 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Tp Running Bridge, Single r Multiple Girder, Tp Running Trlley Hist) Safety Standard fr Cableways, Cranes, Derricl(s, Hists, Hl(s, Jacl(s, and Slings Reprduced By IHS _ With The Permissin Of ASME :,'i,. L Under Ryalty Agreement AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD C)

5 Date f Issuance: December 30, 2005 The next editin f this Standard is scheduled fr publicatin in There will be n addenda issued t this editin. ASME issues written replies t inquiries cncerning interpretatins f technical aspects f this Standard. Interpretatins are published n the ASME Web site under the Cmmittee Pages at as they are issued, and will als be published within the next editin f the Standard. ASME is the registered trademark f The American Sciety f Mechanical Engineers. This cde r standard was develped under prcedures accredited as meeting the criteria fr American Natinal Standards. The Standards Cmmittee that apprved the cde r standard was balanced t assure that individuals frm cmpetent and cncerned interests have had an pprtunity t participate. The prpsed cde r standard was made available fr public review and cmment that prvides an pprtunity fr additinal public input frm industry, academia, regulatry agencies, and the public-at-large. ASME des nt "apprve," "rate," r "endrse" any item, cnstructin, prprietary device, r activity. ASME des nt take any psitin with respect t the validity f any patent rights asserted in cnnectin with any items mentined in this dcument, and des nt undertake t insure anyne utilizing a standard against liability fr infringement f any applicable letters patent, nr assume any such liability. Users f a cde r standard are expressly advised that determinatin f the validity f any such patent rights, and the risk f infringement f such rights, is entirely their wn respnsibility. Participatin by federal agency representative(s) r persn(s) affiliated with industry is nt t be interpreted as gvernment r industry endrsement f this cde r standard. ASME accepts respnsibility fr nly thse interpretatins f this dcument issued in accrdance with the established ASME prcedures and plicies, which precludes the issuance f interpretatins by individuals. N part f this dcument may be reprduced in any frm, in an electrnic retrieval system r therwise, withut the prir written permissin f the publisher. The American Sciety f Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New Yrk, NY Cpyright 2005 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All' rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.

6 CONTENTS Frewrd... v Cmmittee Rster... vi Intrductin... viii Summary f Changes... x Chapter 2-0 Sectin Sectin Sectin Scpe, Definitins, and References.... Scpe f B Definitins.... References Chapter 2-1 Sectin Sectin Sectin Sectin Sectin Sectin Sectin Sectin Sectin Sectin Sectin Sectin Sectin Sectin Sectin Sectin General Cnstructin and Installatin.... Markings.... Clearances.... General Cnstructin - Runways and Supprting Structure.... Crane Cnstructin.... Cabs - Nrmal r Skeletn (if Prvided).... Lubricatin.... Service Platfrms (Ftwalks)..... Stps and Bumpers.... Rail Sweeps.... Guards fr Mving Parts.... Truck Frame Drp.... Brakes and Braking Means.... Electrical Equipment.... Histing Equipment.... Warning Devices r Means fr a Crane With a Pwer-Traveling Mechanism.... Manual... '" Chapter 2-2 Sectin Sectin Sectin Sectin Inspectin, Testing, and Maintenance.... Inspectin.... Testing.... Maintenance.... Rpe Inspectin, Replacement, and Maintenance Chapter 2-3 Sectin Sectin Sectin Sectin Sectin Operatin.... Qualificatins fr and Cnduct f Operatrs.... Handling the Lad.... Signals.... Miscellaneus '".... Crane Lckut/Tagut Figures Cantilever Gantry Crane.... Gantry Crane.... Overhead Crane.... Semigantry Crane.... Wall Crane.... Recmmended Arrangement f Cntrllers r Master Switches (Three- Mtr Crane).... Recmmended Arrangement f Cntrllers r Master Switches (Fur- Mtr Crane) iii

7 8 Recmmended Arrangement f Cntrllers (Pendant Push-Buttn Statin Arrangement) Recmmended Arrangement f Cntrllers (Radi Crane Cntrl Transmitter Lever Arrangement) Standard Hand Signals fr Cntrlling Overhead and Gantry Cranes iv

8 FOREWORD This American Natinal Standard, Safety Standard fr Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hists, Hks, Jacks, and Slings, has been develped under the prcedures accredited by the American Natinal Standards Institute (ANSI, frmerly the United States f America Standards Institute). This Standard had its beginning in December 1916 when a Cde f Safety Standards fr Cranes, prepared by an ASME Cmmittee n the Prtectin f Industrial Wrkers, was presented t the annual meeting f the ASME. Meetings and discussins regarding safety n cranes, derricks, and hists were held frm 1920 t 1925, invlving the ASME Safety Cde Crrelating Cmmittee, the Assciatin f Irn and Steel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum f Safety, the American Engineering Standards Cmmittee (later changed t American Standards Assciatin and subsequently t the USA Standards Institute), the Department f Labr - State f New Jersey, tlle Department f Labr and Industry - State f Pennsylvania, and the Lcmtive Crane Manufacturers Assciatin. On June 11, 1925, the American Engineering Standards Cmmittee apprved tlle ASME Safety Cde Crrelating Cmmittee's recmmendatin and authrized the prject with the U.S. Department f the Navy, Bureau f Yards and Dcks, and ASME as spnsrs. In March 1926, invitatins were issued t 50 rganizatins t appint representatives t a Sectinal Cmmittee. The call fr rganizatin f this Sectinal Cmmittee was sent ut Octber 2, 1926, and tlle Cmmittee rganized Nvember 4, 1926, with 57 members representing 29 natinal rganizatins. The Safety Cde fr Cranes, Derricks, and Hists, ASA B , was created frm tlle eight-page dcument referred t in tlle first paragraph. This dcument was reaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard. Due t changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest f labr and industry in safety, the Sectinal Cmmittee, under the jint spnsrship f ASME and the Naval Facilities Engineering Cmmand, U.S. Department f the Navy, was rerganized as an American Natinal Standards Cmmittee n January 31,1962, witl139 members representing 27 natinal rganizatins. The frmat f tlle previus cde was changed s tllat separate vlumes (each cmplete as t cnstructin and installatin; inspectin, testing, and maintenance; and peratin) wuld cver the different types f equipment included in the scpe f B30. In 1982, tlle Cmmittee was rerganized as an Accredited Organizatin Cmmittee, perating under prcedures develped by ASME and accredited by the American Natinal Standards Institute. This Standard presents a crdinated set f rules that may serve as a guide t gvernment and tller regulatry bdies and municipal autllrities respnsible fr tlle guarding and inspectin f the equipment falling within its scpe. The suggestins leading t accident preventin are given bth as mandatry and advisry prvisins; cmpliance Witll bth types may be required by emplyers f tlleir emplyees. In case f practical difficulties, new develpments, r unnecessary hardship, the administrative r regulatry authrity may grant variances frm tlle literal requirements r permit the use f ther devices r methds, but nly when it is clearly evident tllat an equivalent degree f prtectin is tllereby secured. T secure unifrm applicatin and interpretap.n f tllis Standard, administrative r regulatry authrities are urged t cnsult the B30 Cmmittee, in accrdance with the frmat described in Sectin III f tlle Intrductin, befre rendering decisins n disputed pints. This Vlume f the Standard, which was apprved by tlle B30 Cmmittee and by ASME, was apprved by ANSI and designated as an American Natinal Standard n September 19,2005. Safety cdes and standards are intended t enhance public safety. Revisins result frm cmmittee cnsideratin f factrs such as teclmlgical advances, new data, and changing envirnmental and industrial needs. Revisins d nt imply that previus editins were inadequate. v

9 ASME 830 STANDARDS COMMITTEE Safety Standard fr Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hists, Hks, Jacks, and Slings (The fllwing is the rster f the Cmmittee at the time f apprval f this Standard.) N. E. Andrew, Nrthrp Grumman Ship Systems W. T. Hargrve, Alternate, Mantech Internatinal Crp. R. E. Bluff IV, Gantry Cnstructrs, Inc. R. J. Blen, Cnsultant G. B. Hetherstn, Alternate, E. I. Dupnt A. D. Brwn, A. D. Brwn, Inc. D. Ritchie, Alternate, The Cnstructin Safety Cuncil T. A. Christensen, Alliance f American Insurers/liberty Mutual Insurance M. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual Grup B. D. Clssn, Craft Frensic Services, Inc. T. L. Blantn, Alternate, NACB Grup, Inc. S. Clutier, U.s. Department f Labr J. P. Clletti, Jhn P. Clletti & Assciates, Inc. R. M. Lvgren, Alternate, Crane Partner Internatinal R. A. Dahlin, Walker Magnetics Grup J. W. Dwns, Jr., Alternate, Dwns Crane and Hist C. L. D. DeMark, Internatinal Unin f Operating Engineers S. C. Buck, Alternate, Internatinal Unin f Operating Engineers D. W. Eckstine, Eckstine and Assciates R. J. Edwards, Schwing America D. R. Remus, Alternate, Reed Manufacturing J. L. Grdn, Acc Chain and Lifting Prducts N. C. Hargreaves, Terex Crp./Pwer Crane & Shvel Assciatin E. D. Fidler, Alternate, Grve Wrldwide J. J. Headley, Crane Institute f America R. M. Parnell, Alternate, Industrial Training Internatinal C. W. Ireland, Natinal Oilwell A. Egging, Alternate, Natinal Oilwell L. S. Jhnsn, American Equipment C. E. P. Vliet, Alternate. Nichls Cnstructin C. R. M. Khner, Landmark Engineering Service H. I. Shapir, Alternate, Specialized Carriers and Rigging Assciatin/Hward I. Shapir & Assciates C. E. Lucas, The Crsby Grup STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS P. S. Zrich, Chair B. D. Clssn, Vice Chair J. D. Wendler, Secretary STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL P. A. Beckman, Alternate, The Crsby Grup E. K. Marburg, Clumbus McKinnn Crp. M. G. Miller, Alternate, Clumbus McKinnn Crp. L. D. Means, Means Engineering and Cnsulting/Wire Rpe Technical Bard D. M. Sieighthlm, Alternate, Bridn America Crp. K. J. Miller, Jacbs Engineering D. W. Smith, Alternate, Chicag Bridge and Irn C. G. L. Owens, Granite Cnstructin, Inc. J. T. Perkins, Ingersll-Rand H. G. Leidich, Alternate, Ingersll-Rand J. E. Richardsn, u.s. Department f the Navy W. P. Rllins, Manitwc Crane Grup M. E. Brunet, Alternate, Manitwc Crane Grup J. W. Rwland III, Cnsultant E. E. Rudy, U.S. Department f the Army J. C. Ryan, Bh Brs. Cnstructin C. A. R. Ruud, Alternate, Atkinsn Cnstructin D. Sayenga, Assciated Wire Rpe Fabricatrs D. J. Bishp, Alternate, Bishp Lifting Prducts, Inc. G. W. Shields, Caterpillar, Inc. W. J. Smith Jr., Maxim Crane Wrks R. G. Strain, Advanced Autmatin Assciates, Inc. J. B. Hamill, Alternate, Advanced Autmatin Assciates, Inc. A. R. Tth, Mrris Material Handling B. E. Weir Jr., Natinal Erectrs Assciatin/Nrris Brthers C., Inc. J. Cnant, Alternate, Cnant Crane Rental CO. J. D. Wendler, The American Sciety f Mechanical Engineers R. C. Wild, U.S. Army Crps f Engineers S_ G. Testerman, Alternate, u.s. Army Crps f Engineers D. N. Wlff, Natinal Crane Crp. A. L. Calta, Alternate, Natinal Crane Crp. P. S. Zrich, RZP Internatinal Ltd. H. W. Fair, Alternate, H. Fair Assciates, Inc. vi

10 /~ ( I HONORARY MEMBERS J. M. Klibert, Lift AIl C., Inc. R. W. Parry, Cnsultant B30.2 SUBCOMMITTEE PERSONNEL J. W. Rwland, Chair, Cnsultant A. R. Tth, Vice Chair, Mrris Material Handling J. J. Breen, Jr., U.S. Department f the Navy J. c. Burrichter, U.s. Department f Labr B. M. Casey, Electric Bat T. W. Elmy, Pr Crane Services J. L. Franks, Cnsultant W. R. Gedgard, U.S. Department f the Navy J. L. Grdn, Acc Chain and Lifting Prducts J. D. Kerr, U.S. Army Crps f Engineers L. D. Means, Means Engineering and Cnsulting R. H. Reuss, P&H Material Handling G. V. Stanic, Glbex Crp. (J vii

11 SAFETY STANDARD FOR CABLEWAYS, CRANES, DERRICKS, HOISTS, HOOKS, JACKS, AND SLINGS (05) 830 STANDARD INTRODUCTION SECTION I: SCOPE The ASME B30 Standard cntains prvisins that apply t the cnstructin, installatin, peratin, inspectin, testing, maintenance, and use f cranes and ther lifting and material-handling related equipment. ~: the cnvenience f the reader, the Standard has been divided int separate vlumes. Each Vlume has been written under the directin f the ASME B30 Standards Cmmittee and has successfully cmpleted a cnsensus apprval prcess under the general auspices f the American Natinal Standards Institute (ANSI). As f the date f issuance f this Vlume, the B30 Standard cmprises the fllwing vlumes: B30.1 Jacks B30.2 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Tp Running Bridge, Single r Multiple Girder, Tp Running Trlley Hist) B30.3 B30A B30.5 B30.6 B30.7 B30.8 B30.9 B30.10 B30.11 B30.12 B30.13 Cnstructin Twer Cranes Prtal, Twer, and Pedestal Cranes Mbile and Lcmtive Cranes Derricks Base Munted Drum Hists Flating Cranes and Flating Derricks Slings Hks Mnrails and Underhung Cranes Handling Lads Suspended Frm Rtrcraft Strage/Retrieval (S/R) Machines and Assciated Equipment B30.14 Side Bm Tractrs B30.15 Mbile Hydraulic Cranes (NOTE: B has been withdrawn. The revisin f B30.15 is included in the latest editin f B30.5). B30.16 Overhead Hists (Underhung) B30.17 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Tp Running Bridge, Single Girder, Underhung Hist) B30.18 Stacker Cranes (Tp r Under Running Bridge, Multiple Girder With Tp r Under Running Trlley Hist) B30.19 B30.20 B30.21 B30.22 B30.23 Cableways Belw-the-Hk Lifting Devices Manually Lever Operated Hists Articulating Bm Cranes Persnnel Lifting Systems B30.24 B30.25 B30.26 B30.27 B30.28 Cntainer Cranes 1 Scrap and Material Handlers Rigging Hardware Material Placement Srstems Balance Lifting Units SECTION II: SCOPE EXCLUSIONS The B30 Standard des nt apply t track and autmtive jacks, railway r autmbile wrecking cranes, shipbard cranes, shipbard carg-handling equipment, well-drilling derricks, skip hists, mine hists, truck bdy hists, car r barge pullers, cnveyrs, excavating equipment, r equipment cvered under the scpe f the fllwing standards: AlO, A17, A90, A92, A120, B20, B56, and B77. SECTION III: PURPOSE The B30 Standard is intended t (a) prevent r minimize injury t wrkers, and therwise prvide frthe prtectin f life,limb, and prperty by prescribing safety requirements (b) prvide directin t manufacturers, wners, emplyers, users, and thers cncerned with r respnsible fr its applicatin (c) guide gvernments and ther regulatry bdies in the develpment, prmulgatin, and enfrcement f apprpriate safety directives SECTION IV: USE BY REGULATORY AGENCIES This Standard may be adpted in whle r in part fr gvernmental r regulatry use. If adpted fr gvernmental use, the references t ther natinal cdes and standards in the specific vlumes may be changed t refer t the crrespnding regulatins f the gvernmental authrities. SECTION V: EFFECTIVE DATE (a) Effective Date. The effective date f this Vlume f the B30 Standard shall be ne year after its date f issuance. Cnstructin, installatin, inspectin, testing, maintenance, and peratin f equipment manufactured and facilities cnstructed after the effective date f this Standard shall cnfrm t the mandatry requirements f this Standard. 1 These vlumes are currently in develpment. viii

12 (b) Existing Installatins. Equipment manufactured and facilities cnstructed prir t the effective date f this Vlume f the B30 Standard shall be subject t the inspectin, testing, maintenance, and peratin requirements f this Standard after the effective date. It is nt the intent f this vlume f the B30 Standard t require reh'fitting f existing equipment. Hwever, when an item is being mdified, its perfrmance requirements shall be reviewed relative t the requirements within the current vlume. The need t meet the current requirements shall be evaluated by a qualified persn selected by the wner (user). Recmmended changes shall be made by the wner (user) within 1 year. SECTION VI: REQUIREMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Requirements f this Standard are characterized by use f the wrd shall. Recmmendatins f this Standard are characterized by the wrd shuld. SECTION VII: USE OF MEASUREMENT UNITS This Standard cntains SI (metric) units as well as US. Custmary units. The values stated in custmary units are t be regarded as the standard. The SI units are a direct (sft) cnversin frm the custmary units. SECTION VIII: REQUESTS FOR REVISION The B30 Standards Cmmittee will cnsider requests fr revisin f any f the vlumes within the B30 Standard. Such requests shuld be directed t: Secretary f the B30 Cmmittee, ASME, Three Park Avenue, New Yrk, NY The requests shuld be in the fllwing frmat: Vlume: Editin: Subject: Request: Ratinale: Cite the designatin and title f tlle vlume. Cite the applicable editin f the vlume. Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and tlle relevant heading(s). Indicate the suggested revisin. State the ratinale fr the suggested revisin. Upn receipt by tlle Secretary, tlle request will be frwarded t tlle relevant B30 Subcmmittee fr cnsideratin and actin. Crrespndence will be prvided t the requester defining the actins undertaken by the B30 Standards Cmmittee. SECTION IX: REQUESTS FOR INTERPRETATION The B30 Standards Cmmittee will render an interpretatin f the prvisins f the B30 Standard. Such requests shuld be directed t Secretary f the B30 Cmmittee, ASME, Three Park Avenue, New Yrk, NY The requests shuld be in the fllwing frmat: Vlume: Editin: Subject: Questin: Cite tlle designatin and title f tlle vlume. Cite the applicable editin f tlle vlume. Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and tlle relevant heading(s). Phrase the questin as a request fr an interpretatin f a specific prvisin suitable fr general understanding and use, nt as a request fr apprval f a prprietary design r situatin. Plans r drawmgs that explain tlle questin may be submitted t clarify tlle questin. Hwever, tlley shuld nt cntain any prprietary names r infrmatin. Upn receipt by the Secretary, the request will be frwarded t the relevant B30 Subcmmittee fr a draft respnse, which will tllen be subject t apprval by tlle B30 Standards Cmmittee prir t its frmal issuance. Interpretatins t the B30 Standard will be published in the subsequent editin f the respective.vlume, and will be available nline at SECTION X: ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE The equipment cvered by the B30 Standard is subject t hazards that cannt be abated by mechanical means, but nly by the exercise f intelligence, care, and cm. mn sense. It is therefre essential t have persnnel invlved in the use and peratin f equipment wh are cmpetent, careful, physically and mentally qualified, and trained in the prper peratin f tlle equipment and the handling f lads. Serius hazards include, but are nt limited t, imprper r inadequate maintenance, verlading, drpping r slipping f the lad, bstructing the free passage f tlle lad, and using equipment fr a purpse fr which it was nt intended r designed. The B30 Standards Cmmittee fully realizes the imprtance f prper design factrs, minimum r maximum dimensins, and ther limiting criteria f wire rpe r chain and their fastenings, sheaves, sprckets, drums, and similar equipment cvered by the standard, all f which are clsely cnnected witll safety. Sizes, strengths, and similar criteria are dependent n many different factrs, ften varying with tlle installatin and uses. These factrs depend n the cnditin f the equipment r materialj n the lads; n the acceleratin r speed f the rpes, chains, sheaves, sprckets, r drumsj n tlle type f attachmentsj n the number, size, and arrangement f sheaves r ther partsj n envirnmental cnditins causing crrsin r wearj and n many variables that must be cnsidered in each individual case. The requirements and recmmendatins prvided in the vlumes must be interpreted accrdingly, and judgment used in determining their applicatin. ix

13 ASME SUMMARY OF CHANGES Fllwing apprval by the ASME B30 Cmmittee, and after public review, ASME B was apprved by the American Natinal Standards Institute n September 19, The 2005 editin f ASME B30.2 includes editrial changes, revisins, and crrectins identified by a margin nte, (05). Page Lcatin Change viii,ix Intrductin Revised in its entirety 1 Sectin Revised 5,6 Sectin Updated Revised Revised (a)(1)(d) Revised (b) Revised SPECIAL NOTE: The interpretatins t ASME B30.2 are included in this editin as a separate sectin fr the user's cnvenience. x

14 ASME OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES (TOP RUNNING BRIDGE, SINGLE OR MULTIPLE GIRDER, TOP RUNNING TROLLEY HOISn Chapter 2-0 Scpe, Definitins, and References (05) SECTION 2-0.1: SCOPE OF Vlume B30.2 includes prvisins that apply t the cnstructin, installatin, peratin, inspectin, and maintenance f hand-perated and pwer-driven verhead and gantry cranes that have a tp-running singlegirder r multiple-girder bridge, with ne r mre tprunning trlley hists used fr vertical lifting and lwering f freely suspended, unguided lads cnsisting f equipment and materials (see Figs. 1 thrugh 5). The requirements included in this Vlume als apply t cranes having the same fundamental characteristics such as cantilever gantry cranes, semi-gantry cranes, and wall cranes. Requirements fr a crane used fr a special purpse such as, but nt limited t, nn-vertical lifting service, lifting a guided lad, r lifting persnnel are nt included in this Vlume. SECTION 2-0.2: DEFINITIONS abn1711al perating cnditins: envirnmental cnditins that are unfavrable, harmful, r detrimental t r fr the peratin f a crane, such as excessively high r lw ambient temperatures, expsure t adverse weather, crrsive fumes, dust-laden r misture-laden atmspheres, and hazardus lcatins. administrative r regulatry authrity: gvernmental agency r, in the absence f gvernmental jurisdictin, the emplyer. appinted: assigned specific respnsibilities by the emplyer r the emplyer's representative. authrized: appinted by a duly cnstituted administrative r regulatry authrity. auxiliary hist: supplemental histing unit usually f lwer lad rating and higher speed than the main hist. bm (f gantry cranes): an extensin f the trlley runway that may be raised r retracted t btain clearance fr gantry travel. bm (f verhead cranes): a hrizntal member munted n the trlley t permit histing and lwering the lad at a pint ther than directly under tlle hist drum r trlley. brake: a device, ther tllan a mtr, used fr retarding r stpping mtin by frictin r pwer means. brajce, hlding: a frictin brake fr a hist that is autmatically applied and prevents mtin when pwer t tlle brake is ff. brake, mechanical lad: an autmatic type f frictin brake used fr cntrlling lads in a lwering directin. This unidirectinal device requires trque frm the mtr t lwer a lad but des nt impse any additinal lad n the mtr when lifting a lad. braking means: a methd r device used fr stpping/ hlding mtin by frictin r pwer. braking, cntrl: a methd f cntrlling speed by remving energy frm the mving bdy r by imparting energy in the ppsite directin. braking, cuntertrque (plugging): a methd f cntrlling speed by reversing tlle mtr line vltage plarity r phase sequence t develp trque in the directin ppsite tlle rtatin f tlle mtr. braking, dynamic: a methd f cntrlling speed by using the mtr as a generatr, with tlle energy being dissipated in resistrs. braking, eddy current: a methd f cntrlling r reducing speed by means f an electrical inductin lad brake. braking, emergency: a methd f decelerating a drive when pwer is nt available. The braking effrt may be established as a result f actin by the peratr, r autmatically when pwer t the drive is interrupted. 1

15 ASME OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES braking, hydraulic: a methd f cntrlling r reducing speed by means f displacement f a liquid. braking, mechanical: a methd f cntrlling r reducing speed by frictin. braking, pneumatic: a methd f cntrlling r reducing speed by means f cmpressed gas. braking, regenerative: a methd f cntrlling speed in which the electrical energy generated by the mtr is fed back int the pwer system. braking, service: a methd t decelerate crane mtin during nrmal peratin. bridge: that part f a crane cnsisting f ne r mre girders, trucks, end ties, ftwalks, and drive mechanism, which carries the trlley r trlleys. bridge travel: the crane mvement in a directin parallel t the crane runway. bumper (buffer): a device fr reducing impact when a mving crane r trlley reaches the end f its permitted travel, r when tw mving cranes r trlleys cme int cntact. This device may be attached t the bridge, trlley, r runway stp. cab: the peratr's cmpartment n a crane. cab, nrmal: peratr's cmpartment used fr cntrlling a cab-perated crane. cab, skeletn: peratr's cmpartment used fr ccasinal cab peratin f a nrmally flr- r remte-perated crane. cantilever frame: a structural member that supprts the trlley f a wall crane. clearance: distance. frm any part f the crane t the nearest bstructin. cllectrs, current: cntacting devices fr cllecting current frm runway r bridge cnductrs. cnductrs, bridge: the electrical cnductrs lcated alng the bridge structure f a crane that transmit cntrl Signals and pwer t the trlley(s). cnductrs, runway (main): the electrical cnductrs lcated alng a crane runway that transmit cntrl signals and pwer t the crane. cntrller: a device, r grup f devices, that serves t gvern, in a predetermined manner, the pwer delivered directly t the apparatus t which it is cnnected. cntrller, manual: a cntrller having all f its basic functins perfrmed by devices that are perated by hand. cntrller, spring-return: a cntrller that, when released, will return autmatically t a neutral (ff) psitin. cntrl panel: an assembly f cmpnents (magnetic, static, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc.) that gverns the flw f pwer t r frm a mtr r ther equipment in respnse t signals frm a master switch, push-buttn Fig. 1 Cantilever Gantry Crane statin, remte cntrl, autmatic prgram cntrl, r ther similar device. crane: a machine fr lifting and lwering a lad and mving it hrizntally, with the histing mechanism being an integral part f the machine. crane, autmatic: a crane which, when activated, perates thrugh a preset cycle r cycles. crane, cab-perated: a crane whse mvements are cntrlled by an peratr thrugh the use f cntrllers lcated in a cab that is attached t the crane. crane, cantilever gantry: a gantry r semi gantry crane in which the bridge girders r trusses extend transversely beynd the crane runway n ne r bth sides (see Fig. 1). crane, flr-perated: a crane whse mvements are cntrlled by an peratr thrugh the use f cntrllers cntained in a pendant statin suspended frm the crane. crane, gantry: a crane similar t an verhead crane except that the bridge fr carrying the trlley r trlleys is rigidly supprted n tw r mre legs running n fixed rails r ther runway (see Fig. 2). crane, mlten-material-handling: an verhead crane used fr transprting r puring mlten material. crane, manually perated: a crane whse hist mechanism is driven by pulling an endless chain, r whse travel mechanism is driven in the same manner r by manually mving the lad r hk. crane, utdr: an verhead r gantry crane that perates utdrs and fr which prvisins are nt available fr strage in an area that prvides prtectin t the crane frm weather cnditins. An indr crane that may perate utdrs n a peridic basis is nt classified as an utdr crane. 2

16 OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES ASME B Fig. 2 Gantry Crane Fig.4 Semigantry Crane t Fig. 3 Overhead Crane crane, verhead: a crane with a single r multiple girder mvable bridge carrying a mvable r fixed histing mechanism and traveling n an verhead fixed runway structure (see Fig. 3). crane, plar: an verhead r gantry crane that travels n a circular runway. crane, pwer-perated: a crane whse mechanism is driven by electric, pneumatic, hydraulic, r internal cmbustin means. crane, pulpit-perated: a crane whse mvements are cntrlled by an peratr thrugh the use f cntrllers lcated in a cntrl rm r a fixed r mvable cab r platfrm, that is independent f the crane. crane, remte-perated: a crane whse mvements are cntrlled by an peratr thrugh the use f cntrllers cntained in a prtable perating statin nt attached t the crane. crane, semigantry: a gantry with ne end f the bridge rigidly supprted n ne r mre legs that run n a fixed rail r runway, the ther end f the bridge being Fig. 5 Wall Crane supprted by an end truck running n an elevated rail r runway (see Fig. 4). crane, standby: a crane nt in regular service that is used ccasinally r intermittently as required. crane, wall: a crane having a cantilever frame with r withut trlley, and supprted frm a side wall r line f clumns f a building. It is a traveling type and perates n a runway attached t the side wall r clumns (see Fig. 5). crane service, heavy: service that invlves perating at 85 t 100% f rated lad r in excess f 10 lift cycles/hr as a regular specified prcedure. crane service, nrmal: service that invlves perating at less than 85% f rated lad and nt ltl-re than 10 lift cycles/hr except fr islated instances. crane service, severe: service that invlves nrmal r heavy service with abnrmal perating cnditins. 3

17 ASME OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES designated persn: a persn selected r assigned by the emplyer r the emplyer's representative as being cmpetent t perfrm specific duties. drift pint: a pint n a travel mtin master switch r n a manual cntrller that maintains the brake released while the mtr is nt energized. This allws fr casting. drum: the cylindrical member arund which the rpes are wund fr lifting r lwering the lad. end tie: a structural member that cnnects the ends f the bridge girders t maintain squareness f the bridge. equalizer: a device that cmpensates fr unequal length r stretch f a rpe. expsed: applies t hazardus bjects nt guarded r islated, and capable f being cntacted inadvertently. gantry leg: the structural member that supprts a bridge girder r end tie frm the sill. hazardus (classified) lcatins: lcatins where fire r explsin hazards may exist. Lcatins are classified depending n the prperties f the flammable vaprs, liquids, r gases, r cmbustible dusts r fibers that may be present and the likelihd that a flammable r cmbustible cncentratin r quantity is present (see Natinal Electrical Cde, ANSI/NFPA 70). class I lcatins: lcatins in which flammable gases r vaprs are r may be present in the air in quantities sufficient t prduce explsive r ignitable mixtures. class II lcatins: lcatins that are hazardus because f the presence f cmbustible dust. class III lcatins: lcatins that are hazardus because f the presence f easily ignitable fibers r flyings, but in which such fibers r flyings are nt likely t be in suspensin in the air in quantities sufficient t prduce ignitable mixtures. hist: a machinery unit that:is used fr lifting r lwering a freely suspended (unguided) lad. hist mtin: mtin that lifts r lwers a lad. hle, latch-equipped: a type f hk with a mechanical device t clse the thrat pening f the hk. lifting devices: devices that are nt reeved nt the hist rpes, such as hk-n buckets, magnets, grabs, and ther supplemental devices used fr ease f hanclling certain types f lads. The weight f these devices is t be cnsidered part f the rated lad. limit device: a device that is perated by sme part r mtin f a pwer-driven hist, trlley, r bridge t limit mtin. lad: the ttal superimpsed weight n the lad blck r hk. lad blcle: the assembly f hk r shackle, swivel, bearing, sheaves, pins, and frame suspended by the histing rpe r lad chain. This shall include any appurtenances reeved in the histing rpes. lcleut/tagut: the placement f a lck/ tag n the energyislating device in accrdance with an established prcedure. main hist: the primary hist mechanism prvided fr lifting and lwering the rated lad. man trlley: a trlley having an peratr's cab attached t it. nncasting mechanical drive: a drive that autmatically results in decelerating a trlley r bridge when pwer is nt available. nrmal perating cnditins (f cab-perated cranes): cnditins during which a crane is perfrming functins within the scpe f the riginal design. Under these cnditins, the peratr is at the perating cntrl devices, and there is n ther persn n the crane. nrmal perating cnditins (f flr-perated cranes): cnditins during which a crane is perfrming functins within the scpe f the riginal design. Under these cnditins, the peratr is at the perating cntrl devices that are attached t the crane but perated with the peratr ff the crane, and there is n persn n the crane. nrmal perating cnditins (f remte-perated cranes): cnditins during which a crane is perfrming functins within the scpe f the riginal design. Under these cnditins, the peratr is at the perating cntrl devices that are nt attached t any part f the crane, and there is n persn n the crane. verlad: any lad greater than the rated lad (see para ). parts f line: the number f lines f rpe supprting the lad blck. pendant statin: cntrls suspended frm the crane fr perating the unit frm the flr. primary upper-limit device: the first device that, when actuated, limits histing mtin in the upward directin. qualified persn: a persn wh, by pssessin f a recgnized degree in an applicable field r a certificate f prfessinal standing, r wh by extensive knwledge, training, and experience, has successfully demnstrated the ability t slve r reslve prblems relating t the subject matter and wrk. rail sweep: a device attached t the crane and lcated in frnt f the crane's leading wheels t remve bstructins. rated lad (capacity): the maximum lad designated by the manufacturer fr which a crane r individual hist is designed and built. reeving: a system in which a rpe travels arund drums r sheaves. 4

18 --- OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES ASME B rpe: refers t wire rpe unless therwise specified. runway: an assembly f rails, beams, girders, brackets, and framewrk n which the crane travels. service platfrm: a means prvided fr wrkers t perfrm maintenance, inspectins, adjustments, and repairs f cranes. shall: this wrd indicates that a rule is mandatry and must be fllwed. sheave: a grved wheel r pulley used with a rpe t change directin and pint f applicatin f a pulling frce. sheave, n0111'unning (equalizer): a sheave used t equalize tensin in ppsite parts f the rpe. Because f its slight mvement, it is nt termed a running sheave. sheave, running: a sheave that rtates as the lad blck is lifted r lwered. shuld: this wrd indicates that a rule is a recmmendatin, the advisability f which depends n the facts in each situatin. side pull: the prtin f the hist pull acting hrizntally when the hist lines are nt perated vertically. sills: hrizntal structural members that cnnect the lwer ends f tw r mre legs f a gantry crane n ne runway. slash (j): a slash (I) dentes and/ r and indicates that tw wrds are t be taken tgether r individually. span: the hrizntal distance, center t center, between runway rails.. stp: a device t limit travel f a trlley r crane bridge. This device nrmally is attached t a fixed structure and nrmally des nt have energy-absrbing ability. switch (valve): a device fr making, breaking, r changing the cnnectins in an electric, hydraulic, r pneumatic circuit. switch, emergency stp: a manually actuated switch t discnnect pwer independently f the regular perating cntrls. switch, limit: a device that is actuated by the mtin f a part f a pwer-driven macl1ille r equipment t alter r discnnect the electric, hydraulic, r pneumatic circuit assciated with the machine r equipment. switch, main (crane discnnect): a switch n the crane cntrlling the main pwer supply frm the runway cnductrs. switch, master: a switch that dminates the peratin f cntactrs, relays, r ther remtely perated devices. switch, mastel~ spring-return: a master switch that, when released, will return autmatically t a neutral (ff) psitin. switch, runway discnnect: a switch, usually at flr level, cntrlling the main pwer supply t the runway cnductrs. trlley: the unit that travels n the bridge rails and supprts the lad blck. trlley travel: the trlley mvement. truck: a unit cnsisting f a frame, wheels, bearings, and axles that supprts the bridge girders, the end ties f an verhead crane, r the sill f a gantry crane. unattended: a cnditin in which the peratr f a crane is nt at the perating cntrl devices. Hwever, n a flr-perated crane, if the perating cntrl devices are witl1ill sight f tlle peratr and witl1ill a distance equal t the span f the crane, tlle crane shuld be cnsidered attended. upper blck: a fixed blck lcated n a trlley that, tl1l'ugh a system f sheaves, bearings, pins, and frame, supprts the lad blck and its lad. SECTION 2-0.3: References (05) Witl1ill tlle text, references are made t the fllwing publicatins, cpies f which may be btained 'frm the publishers as indicated. ASD Manual f Steel Cnstructin, 9th Editin, 1989 LRFD Manual f Steel Cnstructin, 2nd Editin, 2nd Revisin, 1998 Publisher: American Institute f Steel Cnstructin (AISC), Qne East Wacker Drive, Chicag, IL AISE Technical Reprt N.6, June 1996, Specificatin fr Electric Overhead Traveling Cranes fr Steel Mill Service Publisher: Assciatin f Irn and Steel Engineers (AISE), 3 Gateway Center, Pittsburgh, PA ANSI Z (R1993), Safety Requirements fr the Lck Out/Tag Out f Energy Surces Publisher: American Natinal Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 West 43rd Street, New Yrk, NY ANSI A , Safety Requirements fr Fixed Ladders 1 ANSI A (R2002), Safety Requirements fr Wrkplace Flr and Wall Openings, Stairs, and Railing Systems 1 Publisher: American Sciety f Safety Engineers (ASSE), 1800 East Oaktn Street, Des Plaines, IL ANSI Z , Safety Requirements fr Meltin r and Puring f Metals in the Metalcasting Industry Publisher: American Fundrymen's Sciety (AFS), 505 State Street, Des Plaines, IL May als be btained frm American Natinal Standards hlstitute (ANSI), 25 West 43rd Street, New Yrk, NY

19 ASME OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES ANSI Z , Prduct Safety Signs and Labels 1 Publisher: Natinal Electrical ManUfacturers Assciatin (NEMA), 2101 L Street, NW, Suite 300, Washingtn, DC ANSI/ ASCE 7-98, Minimum Design Lads fr Buildings and Other Structures 1. Publisher: American Sciety f Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Restn, VA ANSI/ AWS D , Structural Welding Cde Steel 1 ANSI/ AWS DI4.1-97, Specificatin fr Welding f Industrial and Mill Cranes and Other Material Handling Equipmenr Publisher: American Welding Sciety (AWS), 550 NW Le Jeune Rad, P.O. Bx , Miami, FL ANSIjNFPA , Natinal Electrical Cde 1 Publisher: Natinal Fire Prtectin Assciatin (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA ANSI/SAE Z , Safety Glazing Materials fr Glazing Mtr Vehicles and Mtr Vehicles Operating n Land Highways - Safety Standard 1 Publisher: Sciety f Autmtive Engineers (SAE), Inc., 400 Cmmnwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA ASME BI , Safety Standard fr Mechanical Pwer Transmissin Apparatus 1 ASME B , Slings ASME B , Hks 1 ASME B , Overhead Hists (Underhung)l ASME B , Belw-the-Hk Lifting Devices 1 Publisher: The American Sciety f Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Three Park Avenue, New Yrk, NY ; Order Department: 22 Law Drive, Bx 2300, Fairfield, NJ CMAA Specificatin N , Specificatins fr Tp Running Bridge and Gantry 'IYPe Multiple Girder Electric Overhead Traveling Cranes Publisher: Crane Manufacturers Assciatin f America (CMAA), 8720 Red Oak Bulevard, Suite 201, Charltte, NC

20 OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES /~ ( i \ I Chapter 2-1 General Cnstructin and Installatin SECTION 2-1.1: MARKINGS Rated Lad Markings - Crane TIle rated lad f the crane shall be marked n each side f the crane and shall be legible frm the grund r flr Rated Lad Markings - Hists (a) TIle rated lad f the hist shall be marked n the hist r trlley unit r its lad blck and shall be legible frm the grund r flr. (b) If the crane has mre than ne histing unit, each hist shall have its rated lad marked as per para (a) Manufacturer's Identificatin Markings The crane shall be marked with manufacturer's identificatin infrmatin, n a plate r label attached t the crane, as fllws: (a) name and address f manufacturer (b) manufacturer's mdel r serial number (c) vltage f AC r DC pwer supply and phase and frequency f AC pwer supply Multiple Hist Identificatin Markings If the crane has mre than ne histing unit, each hi::;t shall have an identificatin marking n the hist r trlley unit r its lad blck (i.e., 1 and 2i A and Bi nrth and suthi etc.) and shall be legible frm the grund r flr. These markings shall als appear n the cntrllers used by the peratr t indicate the cntrllers that perate each hist Warnings (a) Flr-perated and remte-perated cranes shall have a safety label r labels affixed t the pendant statin, prtable perating statin, r lad blck. TIle label r labels shall be in cmpliance with ANSI Z535.4, and shall include, but nt be limited t, cautinary language against (1) lifting mre than rated lad (2) perating hist when lad is nt centered under hist (3) perating hist with twisted, kinked, r damaged chain r rpe (4) perating damaged r malfunctining crane (5) lifting peple (6) lifting lads ver peple (7) perating a rpe hist with a rpe that is nt prperly seated in its grve (8) perating manual mtins with ther than manual pwer (9) remving r bscuring safety label (b) Cab-perated and pulpit-perated cranes shall have a safety label r labels affixed in the cab r pulpit. The label r labels shall be in cmpliance with ANSI Z535.4, and shall include, but nt be limited t, cautinary language against (1) lifting mre than rated lad (2) perating hist when lad is nt centered under hist (3) perating hist with twisted, kinked" r damaged chain r rpe (4) perating damaged r malfunctining crane (5) lifting peple (6) lifting lads ver peple (7) perating a rpe hist with a rpe that is nt prperly seated in its grve (8) remving r bscuring safety label (c) A safety label shall be affixed n all electrical cntrl enclsures. TIle label shall be in cmpliance with ANSI Z535.4, and shall include, but nt be limited t, infrmatin such as the fllwing: (1) Discnnect pwer and lckut discnnecting means befre remving cver r servicing this equipment. (2) D nt perate withut cver in place. SECTION 2-1.2: CLEARANCES Clearance Frm Obstructin (a) Clearance shall be maintained between the crane and the building, as well as parallel running cranes and cranes perating at a different elevatin, under all nrmal perating cnditins. In the design f new cranes, all factrs that influence clearance, such as wheel flat, truss sag, bridge skewing, r trlley psitins and cnfiguratins shall be cnsidered. (b) Where passageways r walkways are prvided n the structure supprting the crane, bstructins shall nt be placed s that persnnel will be jepardized by mvements f the crane. 7

21 ASME B OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES Clearance Between Parallel Cranes 1 the runways f tw cranes are parallel, and there are n intervening walls r structures, there shall be clearance prvided and maintained between the tw bridges. SECTION 2-1.3: GENERAL CONSTRUCTION - RUNWAYS AND SUPPORTING STRUCTURE Fundatins and Anchrages (a) Permanent cncrete r masnry fundatins shall rest n ftings belw the frst line except in permafrst. (b) Every utdr crane shall be prvided with secure fastenings cnvenient t apply and t hld the crane against a wind pressure f 30 Ib/ft2 (1436 Pa). Parking brakes may be cnsidered minimum cmpliance with this rule. (c) Where wind frces are specified t be in excess f 30 Ib/ft2 (1436 Pa), special anchrages, such as latches r tie-dwns at the hme psitin, r remtely perated rail clamps fr all psitins t supplement the primary braking system, shall be prvided (ANSI! ASCE 7-88 may be used as a reference fr this cnditin). (d) Outdr gantry cranes shall be prvided with remtely perated rail clamps r ther equivalent devices. Parking brakes may be cnsidered minimum cmpliance with this rule. (e) Rail clamps shuld nly be applied when the crane is nt in mtin. if) When rails are used fr anchrages, they shall be secured t withstand the resultant frces applied by the rail clamps. 1 the clamps act n the rail, any prjectin r bstructin in the clamping area shall be avided. (g) A wind-indicating device shall be prvided fr all utdr cranes. The device shall be munted n the crane r the crane runway structure and shall give a visible and audible alarm t the crane peratr at a predetermined wind velcity. A single wind-indicating device may serve as an alarm fr mre than ne crane Crane Runways (a) Cnstructin j Runways and Rails (1) The crane runways and supprting structures shall be designed t withstand the lads and frces impsed by the crane. Steel crane runways and supprting structures shuld cnfrm t the design parameters as specified in the applicable AlSC Manual f Steel Cnstructin. (2) Runway clumns shall be securely anchred t fundatins. (3) The structure shall be free frm detrimental vibratin under nrmal perating cnditins. (4) Rails shall be level, straight, jined, and spaced t the crane span within tlerances as specified in CMAA Specificatin N. 70, r within tlerances that are cmpatible with special cnditins specified by the crane manufacturer r a qualified persn. (5) Where curves are required, special design will be necessary. (6) Where grades are required, special design will be necessary. (b) Runway Stps (1) Stps shall be prvided at the limits f travel f the bridge. (2) Stps shall engage the bumpers r bumper pads munted n the bridge. (3) Stps shall be designed t withstand the frces applied t the bumpers, as specified in para (b). SECTION 2-1.4: Welded Cnstructin CRANE CONSTRUCTION All welding prcedures and welding peratr qualificatins t be used n lad-sustaining members shall be in accrdance with ANSI/ AWS D1.1, except as mdified by ANSI/ AWS D14.1. Where special steels r ther materials are used, the manufacturer r qualified persn shall prvide welding prcedures Girders All cranes built after the effective date f this vlume shuld cnfrm t the design parameters as specified, and applicable, in CMAA Specificatin N. 70 r AISE Technical Repr.t N Mdificatins Cranes may be mdified r rerated prvided such mdificatins and the supprting structure are analyzed thrughly and apprved by a qualified persn r manufacturer f cranes. A rerated crane r ne whse ladsupprting cmpnents have been mdified shall be tested in accrdance with para The new rated lad shall be displayed in accrdance with paras and SECTION 2-1.5: CABS - NORMAL OR SKELETON (IF PROVIDED) Cab Lcatin (a) The general arrangement f the cab and the lcatin f the cntrl and prtective equipment shuld be such that all perating handles are within reach f the peratr when facing the area t be served by the lad blck, r while facing the directin f travel f the cab. (b) The arrangement f the cab shuld allw the peratr a full view f the lad blck in all psitins. This is an imprtant and desirable cnditin, but it is recgnized that there are physical arrangements that may make this impssible, and, when the lad blck is in 8

22 OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES - ASME B30.2~2005 these psitins, the peratr shall be aided by ther means such as, but nt limited t, clsed-circuit TV; mirrrs, radi, telephne, r a signalpersn. (c) The cab shall be clear f all fixed structures with.in the area f pssible mvement. (d) The clearance f the cab abve the wrking flr r passageway shuld be nt less than 7 ft (2.1 m), excel?t when peratins require dimensins that are less. In tius case, precautins shall be taken during the peratin f the crane t keep persnnel and ther bstructins clear f the lw verhead Cab Cnstructin (a) The cab shall be cnstructed and attached t the crane t minimize swaying r vibratins. (b) If an integral utside platfrm is prvided, the dr (if prvided) shall be a sliding type r shall pen utward. (c) In the absence f an utside platfrm, the dr (if prvided) shall pen inward r slide and shall be s~lfclsing. It shall be equipped with psitive latchmg devices t prevent inadvertent pening. (d) The width f a drway shall have a clear pening f nt less ti1an 18 in. (460 mm). (e) A trapdr (if prvided) abve the cab r in the cab rf, shall have a clear pening f nt less tilan 24 in. (610 mm) n each side. There shuld be n bstructins in the pening path f the trap dr that prevents pening f the trap dr fr the purpse fr which it is designed. if) Guard railings and tebards shall be in cmpliance with ANSI AI (g) Outdr cabs shuld be enclsed. All cab glazing shall be safety-glazing material, as defined in ANSIjSAE Z26.1. (h) The cab cnstructin shall ffer prtectin frm falling bjects, if this pssibility exists. The prtectin shall supprt 50 lb j ff- (2400 Pa) static lad. (i) If the cab f a mlten material crane is expsed t heat, it shall be prvided with the fllwing, r equivalent, prtectin: (1) cab enclsed as fr utdr prtectin (2) windws with metal sash and heat-resisting, safety-glazing material, as defined in ANSIjSAE Z26.1 (3) flr insulated with heat-resistant material (4) a shield f metal at least 1~ in. (3 mm) thick lcated at least 6 in. (152 mm) belw bttm f cab flr (5) materials that will nt prpagate cmbustin r rekindle Access t Crane Access t the cab r bridge walkway shall be by a fixed ladder, stairs, r platfrm. The ladder shall be in cnfrmance with ANSI A14.3, except as mdified t meet tile requirements f this vlume Tlbx If a receptacle is prvided fr tile stwing f tls and il cans, it shall be made f a nncmbustible material and shall be securely fastened in the cab r n tile service platfrm Fire Extinguisher A prtable fire extinguisher, with a basic minimum extinguisher rating f 10 BC, shall be installed in the cab Lighting Cab lighting, either natural r artificial, shall prvide a level f illuminatin that enables the peratr t bserve the perating cntrls. SECTION 2-1.6: LUBRICATION If lubricatin is required, accessible means fr lubricatin shuld be prvided. SECTION 2-1.7: SERVICE PLATFORMS (FOOTWALKS) Cnstructin f Service Platfrms Service platfrms, when prvided with r added t the crane, and attached t the crane, shall cnfrm t the fllwing requirements: (a) The dimensin f the wrking space in the vertical directin frm the flr surface f the platfrm t the nearest verhead bstructin shall be a minimum f 48 in. (1220 mm) at the lcatin where a persn is perfrming a functin while n the platfrm. (b) Crane travel shall be prhibited r restricted while a persn is n a service platfrm and the verhead platfrm clearance is less tilan 78 in. (1 980 mm) at any lcatin in the path f travel f the crane. (c) Service platfrms shall have a clear passageway at least 18 in. (457 mm) wide, except at the bridge drive mechanism where nt less than 15 in. (380 mm) f clear passageway shall be allwed. (d) The dimensin f tile wrking space in the directin f access t live (energized) electrical parts which are likely t require examinatin, adjustment, servicing, r maintenance willie energized shall be a minimum f 30 in. (762 mm).l (e) The dr(s) f electrical cntrl cabinets shall either pen at least 90 deg r be remvable. 1 if) Service platfrms shall be designed t sustain a distributed lad f at least 50 lbjff- (2400 Pa). (g) Service platfrms shall have a slip-resistant walking surface. (h) Service platfrms shall be prvided with guard railings and tebards. 1 SOUIce: ANSI/NFPA N. 70, Natinal Electrical Cde. 9

23 ASME OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES (1) Guard railings and tebards shall be in cmpliance with ANSI A (2) Guard railings shall be at least 42 in. (1 065 mm) high and shall be prvided with an intermediate railing Ladders and Stairways (a) Gantry cranes shall be prvided with ladders r stairways extending frm the runway elevatin t the ftwalk r cab platfrm. (b) Stairways shall be equipped with metal handrails and shuld be at an angle f nt mre than 50 deg with the hrizntal. Walking surfaces shall be f a slipresistant type. (c) Ladders shall be fastened in place and shall be cnstructed in cmpliance with ANSI A14.3, except as mdified t meet the requirements f this vlume Egress There shuld be a means f egress frm cab-perated cranes t permit departure under emergency cnditins. The means f egress shuld depend n the facts f the situatin. SECTION 2-1.8: Trlley Stps STOPS AND BUMPERS (a) Stps shall be prvided at the limits f travel f the trlley. (b) Stps shall engage the bumpers r bumper pads munted n the trlley, as specified in para (c) Stps shall be designed t withstand the frces applied by the bumpers, as specified in para (05) Bridge Bumpers (a).a: pwer-perated bridge shall be prvided with bumpers r ther autmatic means prviding equivalent effect. (b) Bridge bumpers shall have the fllwing minimum characteristics: (1) energy-absrbing (r energy-dissipating) capacity t stp the bridge when traveling with pwer ff in either directin at a speed f at least 40% f rated lad speed (2) the capability f stpping the bridge (but nt the lad blck r lifted lad unless they are guided vertically) at a rate f deceleratin nt t exceed an average f 3 ft/ sec 2 (0.9 m/ S2) when traveling with pwer ff in either directin at 20% f rated lad speed and (3) be designed and installed with a means f retaining the bumper in case f brken r lsened munting cnnectins (c) Multiple pwer-perated bridges perating n the same runway shall have cntact bumpers that meet the requirements f para (b)(2). (d) Cnsideratin shuld be given t prviding bumpers with greater capacity fr energy absprtin (r energy dissipatin) than that specified in item (b )(1) and prviding bridge end stps with crrespnding increased strength when anyne f the fllwing cnditins are present: (1) The crane has a maximum bridge speed f 320 ft/min (100 m/min) r greater. (2) The crane is a remte-perated crane. (3) The crane is a pulpit-perated crane. (4) The lcatin f the runway end stps is bscured r uncertain. As an example, the bumper frce applied at 100% f rated lad speed is 625% greater than the bumper frce applied at 40% f rated lad speed Trlley Bumpers (05) (a) A pwer-perated trlley shall be prvided with bumpers r ther autmatic means prviding equivalent effect. (b) Trlley bumpers shall have the fllwing minimum characteristics: (1) energy-absrbing (r energy-dissipating) capacity t stp the trlley when traveling with pwer ff in either directin at a speed f at least 50% f rated lad speed (2) the capability f stpping the trlley (but nt the lad blck r lifted lad unless they are guided vertically) at a rate f deceleratin nt t exceed an average f 4.7 ft/sec 2 (1.4 m/s2) when traveling with pwer ff in either directin at ne-third f rated lad speed (3) be designed and installed with a means f retaining the bumper in case f brken r lsened munting cnnectins (c) Multiple pwer-perated trlleys perating n the same bridge shall have cntact bumpers that meet the requirements f para (b )(2). (d) Cnsideratin shuld be given t prviding bumpers with greater capacity fr energy absrptin (r energy dissipatin) than that specified in para (b )(1) and prviding bridge end stps with crrespnding increased strength when anyne f the fllwing cnditins are present: (1) The trlley has a maximum speed f 150 ft/min (46 m/min) r greater. (2) The trlley is n a remte-perated crane. (3) The trlley is n a pulpit-perated crane. (4) The lcatin f the trlley end stps is bscured r uncertain. 10

24 OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES ASME ~ ( \ (J SECTION 2-1.9: RAIL SWEEPS Bridge Rail Sweeps (a) Bridge truck rail sweeps shall be prvided in frnt f the leading wheels n bth ends f the bridge end b.-uck. (b) The rail sweep shall clear the rail f bjects n the runway which, if they came int cntact between the wheel and rail, culd cause damage t the wheel r derail the wheel. (1) Clearance between the tp smface f the rail head and the bttm f the sweep shuld nt exceed 3~6 in. (5 mm). (2) On verhead crane end trucks, the sweep shall extend belw the tp surface f the rail head, fr a distance nt less than 50% f the thickness f the rail head, n bth sides f the rail head. (3) On gantry crane end trucks, when the rail head is lcated abve the pavement r grund level, the sweep shall extend belw the tp smface f the rail head, fr a distance nt less than 50% f the thickness f the rail head, n bth sides f the rail head. (4) Clearance between the vertical inside smfaces f the sweep shuld be equal t the wheel tread width plus % in. (10 mm), and clearance shuld be evenly spaced n each side f the wheel tread width Trlley Rail Sweeps (a) Trlley truck rail sweeps shuld be prvided in frnt f the leading wheels n bth ends f the trlley end truck. (b) The rail sweep shall clear the rail f bjects n the bridge whicll, if they came int cntact between the wheel and rail, culd cause damage t the wheel r derail the wheel. (1) Clearance between the tp smface f the rail head and the bttm f the sweep shuld nt exceed 3~6 in. (5 mm). (2) The sweep shall extend belw the tp smface f the rail head, fr a distance nt less than 50% f the thickness f the rail head, n bth sides f the rail head. (3) Clearance between the side smface f the rail head and the side f the sweep which extends belw the tp smface f the rail head shuld be equal t crane flat plus 3~6 in. (5 mm). SECTION : GUARDS FOR MOVING PARTS (a) Expsed mving parts, such as gears, set screws, prjecting keys, and drive chain and sprckets, which cnstitute a hazard under nrmal perating cnditins, shall be guarded. (b) Each guard shall be capable f supprting, withut permanent defrmatin, the weight f a 200 Ib (90 kg) persn, unless the guard is lcated where it is nt prbable that a persn will step n it (see ASME BI5.1). SECTION : TRUCK FRAME DROP Means shall be prvided t limit the drp f bridge and trlley truck frames t 1 in. (25 mm) in case f wheel, axle, r bearing breakage. SECTION : Hist Hlding Brakes BRAKES AND BRAKING MEANS (a) Each histing unit f the crane shall be equipped with at least ne hlding brake. The hlding brake shall be applied t the mtr shaft r a gear reducer shaft and shall have a trque rating nt less than the percentage f rated lad histing trque at the pint where the brake is applied as fllws: (1) 125% f rated lad histing trque when used with a cntrl braking means ther than mechanical (2) 100% f rated lad histing trque when used with a mechanical cntrl braking means.. (3) 100% f rated lad histing trque fr each brake if tw hlding brakes are prvided (b) Each histing unit f a crane that handles mlten material shall be equipped with ne f the fllwing arrangements: (1) Tw hlding brakes shall be prvided, ne f which is applied t a gear reducer shaft, plus cntrl braking means. Each hlding brake shall have a trque rating nt less than 100% f rated lad histing trque at the pint where the brake is applied. (2) One hlding brake shall be prvided if the histing unit has a mechanical lad brake r a cntrl braking means that prvides cntrlled lwering f the lad upn lss f pwer. The hlding brake shall have a trque rating nt less than 150% f rated lad histing trque at the pint where the brake is applied. (c) Each hist hlding brake shall have thermal capacity fr the frequency f peratin required by the service. (d) Hist hlding brakes shall be applied autmatically when pwer t the brake is remved. (e) Hist hlding brakes shall be prvided with means t adjust fr lining wear Hist Cntrl Braking Means (a) Each histing unit f the crane shall be equipped with a cntrl braking means that will cntrl the lad dming lwering t a maximum speed f 120% f rated lwering speed fr the lad being handled. (b) Hist cntrl braking means can be electrical, such as regenerative, dynamic, cuntertrque, r eddy-cmrent; mechanical; hydraulic; r a wrm-geared hist where the angle f the wrm is such as t prevent the lad frm accelerating in the lwering directin. 11

25 ASME OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES (c) Hist cntrl braking means shall have thermal capacity fr the frequency f peratin required by the service Trlley Brakes and Braking Means (a) Each pwer-driven trlley unit f the crane shall be equipped with either a bralcing means r have trlley drive frictinal characteristics that will prvide stpping and hlding functins, under cnditins where the rails are dry and free f snw and ice, as fllws: (1) have trque capability t stp trlley travel within a distance in feet (meters) equal t 10% f rated lad speed in ft/min (m/min) when traveling with rated lad (2) have trque capability t impede hrizntal mtin f the trlley against a hrizntal frce equal t 1 % f the cmbined weight f the trlley, hist, and rated lad when the trlley is in a parked cnditin (b) A pwer-driven, cab-perated crane with the cab n the trlley shall be equipped with a trlley brake that will prvide the stpping and hlding functins described in paras (a)(1) and (2). (c) Each trlley brake shall have thermal capacity fr the frequency f peratin required.by the service Bridge Brakes and Braking Means (a) A pwer-,driven bridge shall be equipped with either a braking means r have bridge drive frictinal characteristics that will prvide stpping and hlding functins, under cnditins where the rails are dry and free f snw and ice, as fllws: (1) have trque capability t stp bridge travel within a distance in feet (meters) equal t 10% f rated lad speed in ft/min (m/min) when traveling with rated lad (2) have trque capability t impede hrizntal mtin f the bridge against a hrizntal frce equal t 1 % f the cmbined weight f the bridge, trlley, hist, and rated lad when the bridge is in a parked cnditin (b) A pwer-driven, cab-perated crane shall be equipped with a bridge brake that will prvide the stpping and hlding functins described in paras (a)(1) and (2). (c) Each bridge brake shall have thermal capacity fr the frequency f peratin required by the service Trlley and Bridge Brake Prvisins General prvisins as utlined belw apply t, as merited, trlley and bridge brakes. (a) Brakes may be applied by mechanical, electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic, r gravitatinal means. (b) Brakes shall be prvided with means f adjustment t cmpensate fr lining wear. (c) Brake pedals, latches, and levers shuld allw release withut the exertin f greater frce than was used in applying the brake. (d) Ft-perated brakes shall require an applied frce f nt mre than 70 lb (310 N) t develp rated brake trque. (e) Ft-perated brake pedals shall be s cnstructed that the peratr's ft will nt readily slip ff the pedal. if) Ft-perated brake pedals shuld be s lcated that they are cnvenient t the peratr at the cntrls. (g) Ft-perated brakes shall be equipped with a means fr psitive release when frce is released frm the pedal. (h) When prvided, a parking brake shall (1) be applied autmatically r manually (2) impede hrizntal mtin f the trlley r bridge in accrdance with the requirements f para (a)(2) r (a)(2) (3) nt prhibit the use f a drift pint in the cntrl circuit (i) When prvided, a service brake shall (1) be applied manually by the peratr during nrmal peratin (2) stp trlley r bridge travel in accrdance with the requirements f para (a)(1) r (a)(1) (j) When prvided, a drag brake shall prvide a cntinuus retarding trque withut external cntrl. (k) When prvided an emergency brake shall (1) be applied when initiated by the peratr, r autmatically upn lss f pwer (2) stp trlley r bridge travel in accrdance with the requirements f para (a)(1) r (a)(1) (3) impede hrizntal mtin f the trlley r bridge in accrdance with the requirements f para (a)(2) r (a)(2) SECTION : General ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT (a) Wiring and equipment shall cmply with Article 610 f ANSI/NFPA N. 70, Natinal Electrical Cde. (b) The cntrl circuit vltage shall nt exceed 600V fr AC r DC. (c) The cntrl circuit vltage in pendant push buttns shall nt exceed 150V fr AC r 300V fr DC. (d) Where multiple cnductr cable is used with a suspended push-buttn statin, the statin shall be supprted s that the electrical cnductrs are prtected frm strain. (e) Pendant cntrl statins shall be cnstructed t prevent electrical shck. The push-buttn enclsure shall be at grund ptential and marked fr identificatin f functins Equipment (a) Electrical equipment shall be lcated r enclsed s that, under nrmal perating cnditins, energized parts will nt be expsed t inadvertent cntact. 12

26 OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES ASME B Bridge drive girder ~ B_ri~ I+- li_r~ C211Z0 M. Hist I+-----~ ej~ ~ H is_t ---/-I ~liey02j1?) ~dgew0 Left-hand cab Right hand cab Center cab Fig. 6 Recmmended Arrangement f Cntrllers r Master Switches (Three-Mtr Crane) (b) Energized parts f electrical equipment shall be prtected frm direct expsure t grease, il, and misture, and they shuld be prtected frm dirt. (c) If guards are prvided fr energized parts, the guards shall be cnstructed r lcated s that they cannt be defrmed, under nrmal perating cnditins, t make inadvertent cntact with energized parts Cntrllers (a) Cranes nt equipped with spring-return cntrllers, spring-return master switches, r mmentary cntact push buttns, shall be prvided with a device that will discnnect all mtrs frm the line in the event f a pwer failure. This discnnect device shall nt permit any mtr t be restarted until the cntrller r master switch handle is brught t the ff psitin, r a reset switch r pwer-n buttn is perated. (b) Fr cab- r pulpit-perated cranes, lever-perated manual cntrllers and master switches shall be prvided with a spring-return arrangement, ff-pint detent, r ff-pint latch. (c) Fr cab- r pulpit-perated cranes, the manual cnb:ller r master switch perating handle shall be lcated within reach f the peratr. (d) Fr cab- r pulpit- perated cranes, the mvement f each perating handle shuld be in the same general directin as the resultant mvement f the lad, except as shwn in Figs. 6 and 7. (e) Fr cab- r pulpit-perated cranes, the arrangement f manual cntrllers r master switches shuld cnfrm t Figs. 6 and 7. if) If a magnet cntrller is prvided, the n (lift) directin shall be tward the peratr and the ff (drp) directin away frm the peratr. (g) Fr flr-perated cranes, the cntrller r cntrllers, if rpe perated, shall autmatically return t the ff psitin when released by the peratr. (h) Push buttns in pendant statins shall return t the ff psitin when pressure is released by the crane peratr. (i) Autmatic cranes shall be s designed that peratin f all mtins shall be discntinued if the autmatic sequence cntrl becmes ineffective. The cmpletin f the last cmmand is permissible if pwer is available. (j) Remte-perated cranes shall functin s that if the cntrl signal fr any crane mtin becmes ineffective, that crane mtin shall stp, and, cnversely, signals received frm any surce ther than the perating statin (transmitter) shall nt result in peratin f any mtin f the crane. (k) The arrangement f pendant push-buttn statins and radi-cntrl transmitters shuld cnfrm t Figs. 8 and 9, respectively. Cmpass directins may be substituted fr "right-left" and "frward-reverse" in Fig. 8, and fr ~ X, Y, and Z in Fig. 9. (l) Master switches shall be labeled t indicate their functins Resistrs (a) Resistr units shall be supprted t minimize vibratin effect. (b) Prvisins shall be made t prevent brken parts r mlten metal frm falling n the peratr r frm the crane. (c) If resistr enclsures are prvided, the enclsures shall be installed s that the accumulatin f cmbustible matter is minimized. 13

27 ASME OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES Bridge drive girder Bridge I-I-----~ H- ~_r~ ej M. Hist I+-----~ <ZI A. Hist I+---~-~ A. Hist ~-.----H ~ H_O_is_t ---ti Trlley@JrJ -+-O+""":"'---+i ~dgee22j~ Left-hand cab Right-hand cab Center cab Fig. 7 Recmmended Arrangement f Cntrllers r Master Switches (Fur-Mtr Crane) Switches (a) The pwer supply t the runway cnductrs shall be cntrlled by a switch r circuit breaker lcated n a fixed structure, accessible frm the flr, and arranged t be lcked in the pen psitin. (b) On cab-perated cranes, a switch r circuit breaker f the enclsed type with prvisin fr lcking in the pen psitin shall be prvided in the leads frm the runway cnductrs. A means f pening this device shall be lcated within the reach f the peratr when the peratr is in the perating psitin. When the peratr pens this switch r circuit breaker, the hlding brake(s) shuld set. (c) On flr-, remte-, r pulpit-perated cranes, a device f the enclsed type shall be prvided in the leads frm the runway cnductrs. This device shall be munted n the bridge r ftwalk near the runway cllectrs. There shall be prvisins fr lcking the device in the pen psitin unless the crane is the nly lad n a lckable switch r circuit breaker that is accessible frm the flr. One f the fllwing types f flr-, remte-, and pulpit-perated discnnects shall be prvided: (1) nncnductive rpe attached t the main discnnect device n a flr-perated crane. If this is selected, the rpe shall be suspended adjacent t the perating rpes if manual cntrllers are used, r near the pendant push-buttn statin if magnetic cntrls are used. (2) an under-vltage trip fr a main circuit breaker, perated by an emergency stp buttn in the pendant push-buttn statin r the pulpit. (3) a main line cntactr perated by a switch r push buttn n the pendant push-buttn statin, the remte cntrl statin, r the pulpit. (d) Pwer-driven hists shall be designed and cnstructed s that the lad blck, either laded r empty, shall nt exceed the upper limit f travel. On wire-rpe hists, if a geared r ther limit switch r device that perates in relatin t drum turns is used, an additinal limit switch r device that perates independent f drum rtatins shall be prvided. (e) Lwer-travel-limit devices shuld be prvided fr pwer-driven hists used in applicatins where the lad blck enters pits r hatchways in the flr Runway Cnductrs Cnductrs f the pen type, munted n the crane runway beams r verhead, shall be s lcated r guarded that persns cannt inadvertently cme int cntact with the energized cnductrs under nrmal perating cnditins r under maintenance prcedures as stated in para _7 Lifting Magnets (a) A crane fr use with a lifting magnet shall have a separate magnet circuit switch f the enclsed type with prvisin fr lcking in the pen (ff) psitin. The magnet discnnect switch shall be cnnected n the line side (pwer supply side) f the crane discnnect switch. (b) Means shall be prvided fr discharging the inductive lad f a lifting magnet. (c) Indicatin r signal lights shuld be prvided t indicate that pwer t a lifting magnet is n r ff. These 14

28 () c) OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES 0 :ex Pwer On (Indicating Light) Pwer On 0 0 Pwer Off Pwer On 0 0 Up Up 0 0 Dwn Main Hist Dwn Main Hist 0 0 Up Up 0 0 Dwn Auxiliary Hist Dwn Auxiliary Hist 0 0 Right Right 0 0 Left Trlley Left Trlley 0 0 Frward Frward 0 0 Reverse Bridge I Reverse Bridge On 2 I I Pwer Off GENERAL NOTE: In each user lcatin, the relative arrangement f units n crane pendant push-buttn statins shuld be standardized. In the absence f such standardizatin, suggested arrangements are shwn in arrangements 1 and 2. Fig. 8 Recmmended Arrangement f Cntrllers (Pendant Push-Buttn Statin Arrangement) lights, if used, shall be visible t the crane peratr and t persns n the flr. (d) Fr a remte-perated crane, the lss f the remte signal shall nt result in demagnetizing the lifting magnet. Main Auxiliary Bridge Trlley Hist Hist f f II w z Up Up Fur-Mtin Bridge Trlley Hist f f T w z Up Three-Mtin.. ASME B30.2~2005 GENERAL NOTE: Markings n the crane, visible frm the flr, shall indicate the directin f bridge and trlley travel crrespnding t the W, X, Y, and Z designatins n the transmitter. The letters used are nly intended fr the purpse f illustratin. Designatins shuld be selected as apprpriate t each illustratin. Fig. 9 Recmmended Arrangement f Cntrllers (Radi Crane Cntrl Transmitter Lever Arrangement) Extensin Lamps If a service receptacle is prvided in the cab r n the bridge, it shall be a grunded-type permanent receptacle nt exceeding 300 V. SECTION : Sheaves HOISTING EQUIPMENT (a) Sheave grves shall be free frm surface defects which culd cause rpe damage. The crss-sectinal radius at the bttm f the grve shuld be such as t frm a clse-fitting saddle fr the size f rpe used. The sides f the grve shall be tapered utward and runded at the rim t facilitate entrance f the rpe int the grve. Flange rims shall run true abut the axis f rtatin. (b) Sheaves carrying rpes, which can be mmentarily unladed, shall be prvided with clse-fitting guards, 15

29 ASME OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES r ther devices, t guide the rpe back int the grve when the lad is reapplied. (c) The sheaves in the bttm blck shall be equipped with clse-fitting guards that will minimize the pssibility f rpes becming fuled when the blck is lying n the grund with the rpes lse. (d) All running sheaves shall be equipped with means fr lubricatin. Permanently lubricated, sealed, r shielded bearings shall be acceptable _2 Drums Rpe drums shall be grved, except when the crane is prvided by the manufacturer fr a special applicatin. This requirement des nt preclude the use f multiple layer spling. The grves shall be free frm surface defects that culd cause rpe damage. The crsssectinal radius at the bttm f the grve shuld be such as t frm a clse-fitting saddle fr the size f rpe used Rpes (a) The histing rpes shall be f a recmmended cnstructin fr crane service. The ttal lad (rated lad plus weight f lad blck) divided by the number f parts f line shall nt exceed 20% f the minimum breaking strength f the rpe. (b) Scketing shall be dne in a manner recmmended by the rpe r fitting manufacturer r a qualified persn. (c) Rpe shall be secured t the drum as fllws: (1) N less than tw wraps f rpe shall remain n the drum at each anchrage f the histing drum when the hk is in its extreme lw psitin unless a lwerlimit device is prvided, in which case n less than ne wrap shall remain. (2) The rpe end shall be anchred by a clamp attached t the drum, r by a scket arrangement specified by the crane r rpe manufacturer. The rpe clamps shall be tightened evenly t the manufacturer's recmmended trque. (d) Eye splices shall be made in recmmended manner. Rpe thimbles shuld be used in the eye. (e) WIre rpe clips shall be drp-frged steel f the single-saddle (U-blt) r duble-saddle type. Malleable cast irn clips shall nt be used. Fr spacing, number f clips, and trque values, refer t the clip manufacturer's recmmendatin. Wire rpe clips attached with V-blts shall have the V-blt ver the dead end f the rpe and live rpe resting in the clip saddle. Clips shall be tightened evenly t the recmmended trque. After the initial lad is applied t the rpe, the clip nuts shall be retightened t the recmmended trque t'cmpensate fr any decrease in rpe diameter caused by the lad. Rpe clip nuts shuld be retightened peridically t cmpensate fr any further decrease in rpe diameter during usage. if) Swaged r cmpressed fittings shall be applied as recmmended by the rpe, crane, r fitting manufacturer r qualified persn. (g) Wherever expsed t ambient temperatures at the rpe in excess f 180 F (82 C), rpe having an independent wire-rpe r wire-strand cre, r ther temperature-damage-resistant cre, shall be used. (h) Replacement rpe shall be the same size, grade, and cnstructin as the riginal rpe furnished by the crane manufacturer, unless therwise recmmended by a rpe r crane manufacturer r qualified persn due t actual wrking cnditin requirements. N01E: minimum breaking strength frmerly referred t as nminal brealdng strength Equalizers If a lad is supprted by mre than ne part f rpe, the tensin in the parts shall be equalized Hks Hks shall meet the manufacturer's recmmendatins and shall nt be verladed. If hks are 'f the swiveling type, they shuld rtate freely. Latchequipped hks shall be used unless the applicatin makes the use f the latch impractical r unnecessary. When required, a latch r musing shall be prvided t bridge the thrat pening f the hk fr the purpse f retaining slings, chains, r ther similar parts, under slack cnditins (see ASME B30.10) Guards fr Histing Rpes (a) If it is pssible fr histing rpes t ful r chafe n adjacent parts f the crane under nrmal perating cnditins, guards shall be installed t minimize damage t the rpe. (b) A guard shall be prvided t prevent cntact between bridge r runway cnductrs and histing rpes if, under nrmal perating cnditins, they can cme int cntact. SECTION : WARNING DEVICES OR MEANS FOR A CRANE WITH A POWER TRAVELING MECHANISM Cab- and Remte-Operated Cranes, (a) A warning device shall be prvided. (b) Refer t para (e) fr peratin f the device Flr-Operated Cranes (a) A warning device shuld be prvided fr installatins where the ability f the peratr t warn persns in the path f the lad is impaired. (b) Refer t para (e) fr peratin f the device. 16

30 OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES ASME Types f Devices One r mre f the fllwing devices shall be prvided when required: (a) manually perated gng (b) pwer-perated bell, siren, r hrn (c) rtating beacn (d) strbe light SECTION : MANUAL General Infrmatin The crane manufacturer shall furnish with each crane at least ne cpy f the manual. The manual shall include general infrmatin applicable t the fllwing: (a) installatin (b) peratin (c) inspectin (d) testing (e) lubricatin if) maintenance (g) parts (h) wiring diagram (may be supplied separately) Safety Persnnel Persnnel respnsible fr the supervisin, installatin, peratin, inspectin, r maintenance f the crane shall be familiar with the applicable cntents f the manual furnished with the crane. 17

31 ASME B OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES Chapter 2-2 Inspectin, Testing, and Maintenance SECTION 2-2.1: INSPECTION Inspectin Classificatin (a) Initial Inspectin. New, reinstalled, altered, repaired, and mdified cranes shall be inspected by a designated persn prir t initial use t verify cmpliance with applicable prvisins f this vlume. Inspectin f altered, repaired, and mdified cranes may be limited t the prvisins affected by the alteratin, repair, r mdificatin, as determined by a qualified persn. (b) Inspectin prcedure fr cranes in regular service is divided int tw general classificatins based upn the intervals at which inspectin shuld be perfrmed. The intervals in turn are dependent upn the nature f the critical cmpnents f the crane and the degree f their expsure t wear, deteriratin, r malfunctin. The tw general classificatins are designated as frequent and peridic, with respective intervals between inspectin defined as fllws: (1) Frequent Inspectin. Visual examinatins by the peratr r ther designated persnnel with recrds nt required, as fllws: (a) nrmal service - mnthly (b) heavy service - weekly t mnthly (c) severe service - daily t weekly (2) Peridic Inspectin. Visual inspectin f the equipment in place by a designated persn making recrds f apparent external cnditins t prvide the basis fr a cntinuing evaluatin, as fllws: (a) nrmal service - yearly (b) heavy service - yearly (c) severe service - quarterly Frequent Inspectin (a) Frequent inspectin shall include bservatins during peratin. (b) A designated persn shall determine whether cnditins fund during the inspectin cnstitute a hazard and whether a mre detailed inspectin is required. (c) The fllwing items shall be inspected: (1) perating mechanisms fr prper peratin, prper adjustment, and unusual sunds (2) upper-limit device(s) in accrdance with para (a) (3) tanks, valves, pumps, lines, and ther parts f air r hydraulic systems fr leakage (4) hks and hk latches (if used) in accrdance with ASME B30.IO (5) hist rpes and end cnnectins in accrdance with para I(a) (6) rpe f prper spling nt the drum(s) and sheave(s) Peridic Inspectin (a) A designated persn shall determine whether cnditins fund during inspectin cnstitute a hazard and whether disassembly is required fr additinal inspectin. (b) The inspectin shall include the items listed in para. 2-2.I.2(c) and the fllwing items, as applicable: (1) defrmed, cracked, r crrded members (2) lse r missing blts, nuts, pins, r rivets (3) cracked r wrn sheaves and drums (4) wrn, cracked, r distrted parts such as pins, bearings, wheels, shafts, gears, rllers, lcking and clamping devices, bumpers, and stps (5) excessive wear f brake system parts (6) excessive wear f drive chain sprckets and excessive drive chain stretch (7) deteriratin f cntrllers, master switches, cntacts, limit switches, and push-buttn statins, but nt limited t these items (8) wind indicatrs fr prper peratin (9) gasline, diesel, electric, r ther pwer plants fr prper peratin (10) mtin-limit devices that interrupt pwer r cause a warning t be activated fr prper perfrmance. Each mtin shall be inched r perated at lw speed int the limit device with n lad n the crane (11) rpe reeving fr cmpliance with crane manufacturer's design (12) all functin, instructin, cautin, and warning labels r plates fr legibility and replacement Cranes Nt in Regular Service (a) A crane that is used in infrequent service, which has been idle fr a perid f 1 mnth r mre, but less than 1 year, shall be inspected befre being placed in service in accrdance with the requirements listed in para (b) A crane that is used in infrequent service, which has been idle fr a perid f 1 year r mre, shall be 18

32 OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES ASME inspected befre being placed in service in accrdance with the requirements listed in para Inspectin Recrds Dated inspectin reprts f cmparable recrds shall be made n critical items such as histing machinery, sheaves, hks, chains, rpes, and ther lifting devices as listed in para Recrds shall be placed n file. SECTION 2-2.2: TESTING Operatinal Tests (a) New, reinstalled, altered, repaired, and mdified cranes shall be tested by a designated persn prir t initial use t ensure cmpliance with this vlume. (b) Tests shall include, as applicable, the fllwing functins: (1) lifting and lwering (2) trlley travel (3) bridge travel (4) hist-limit devices (a) the trip setting f hist-limit devices shall be determined by tests with an empty hk cmprising a series f runs, each at increasing hk speed up t the maximum speed, unless the hist has nly a single speed (b) the actuating mechanism f the upper-limit device shall be lcated r adjusted s that it will trip the device in sufficient time t prevent cntact f the lad blck r lad with any part f the trlley r bridge (5) travel-limiting devices (6) lcking and indicating devices, if prvided (c) Operatinal testing f altered, repaired, and mdified cranes may be limited t the functins affected by the alteratin, repair, r mdificatin, as determined by a qualified persn Lad Test (a) New, reinstalled, altered, repaired, and mdified cranes shuld be lad tested prir t initial use, as determined by a qualified persn. (b) Lad testing f altered, repaired, and mdified cranes may be limited t the functins affected by the alteratin, repair, r mdificatin, as determined by a qualified persn. (c) The replacement f lad chain and rpe is specifically excluded frm this lad test; hwever, an peratinal test f the hist shall be made in accrdance with para (b) prir t putting the crane back in service. (d) If a lad test is cnducted, the lad shall be nt less than 100% f the rated lad f the crane r hist(s), whichever gverns; r mre than 125% f the rated lad f the crane r hist(s), whichever gverns; unless therwise recmmended by the manufacturer r a qualified persn. (e) If a lad test is cnducted, the persn cnducting the lad test shall prepare a written reprt f the lad sustained during the test and the peratins perfrmed during the test. Reprts shall be placed n file. if) If a lad test is cnducted, peratins shall be perfrmed as utlined belw r as mdified by a qualified persn. (1) Hist the test lad a distance t assure that the lad is supprted by the crane and held by the hist brake(s). (2) Transprt the test lad by means f the trlley fr the full length f the bridge. (3) Transprt the test lad by means f the bridge fr the full length f the runway in ne directin with the trlley as clse t the extreme right-hand end f the crane as practical, and in the ther directin with the trlley as clse t the left-hand end f the crane as practical. (4) Lwer the test lad, and stp and hld the test lad with the brake(s). SECTION 2-2.3: MAINTENANCE Preventive Maintenance (a) A preventive maintenance prgram shuld be established. The prgram shuld be based n the recmmendatins utlined in the crane manufacturer's manual and, when apprpriate, additinal recmmendatins utlined by a qualified persn based upn review f the crane applicatin and peratin. Dated recrds shuld be placed n file. (b) Replacement parts shall be at least equal t the riginal manufacturer's specificatins Maintenance Prcedure (a) The fllwing precautins shall be taken befre perfrming maintenance n a crane: (1) The crane shall be mved t a lcatin where it will cause the least interference with ther cranes and peratins in the area. (2) If a lad is attached t the crane, it shall be landed. (3) All cntrllers shall be placed in the ff psitin. (4) A lckut/ tagut prcedure shall be perfrmed (see para ). (5) Warning signs and barriers shall be utilized n the flr beneath the crane where verhead maintenance wrk creates a hazard. (6) If the runway remains energized, stps r a signalpersn(s), lcated full-time at a visual vantage pint fr bserving the apprach f an active crane(s), shall be prvided t prhibit cntact by the active crane(s) with the idle crane, with persns perfrming maintenance, and with equipment used in perfrming the maintenance. (7) A guard r barrier shall be installed between adjacent runways fr the length f any established wrk 19

33 ASME OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES area t prevent cntact between persns perfrming maintenance and a crane n the adjacent runway. (b) The fllwing precautins shall be taken befre perfrming maintenance n a crane runway, the runway supprt structure, the runway cnductr system, r the areas f the building in the path f travel f the crane bridge r trlley: (1) A lckut! tagut prcedure shall be perfrmed (see para ). (2) Warning signs and barriers shall be utilized n the flr beneath the area where verhead maintenance wrk creates a hazard. (3) If the runway remains energized, stps r a signalpersn(s), lcated full-time at a visual vantage pint fr bserving the apprach f an active crane(s), shall be prvided t prhibit cntact by the active crane(s) with persns perfrming maintenance and with equipment used in perfrming the maintenance. (4) A guard r barrier shall be installed between adjacent runways fr the length f any established wrk area t prevent cntact between persns perfrming maintenance and a crane n the adjacent runway. (c) Only designated persns shall wrk n energized equipment. (d) After maintenance wrk is cmpleted and befre restring the crane t nrmal peratin (1) guards shall be reinstalled. (2) safety devices shall be reactivated. (3) replaced parts and lse material shall be remved. (4) maintenance equipment shall be remved Adjustments, Repairs, and Replacements (a) Any cnditin disclsed by the inspectins perfrmed in accrdance with the requirements f Sectin 2-2.1, that is determined t be a hazard t cntinued peratin, shall be crrected by adjustment, repair, r replacement befre cntinuing the use f the crane. (b) Adjustments, repairs, and replacements shall be perfrmed by designated persnnel. (c) Cmpnents shall be adjusted r repaired as needed. The fllwing are examples: (1) all perating mechanisms (2) limit devices (3) cntrl systems (4) brakes (d) Repairs r replacements $hall be made as needed. The fllwing are examples: (1) Damaged r wrn hks as described under Maintenance in ASME B Repairs by welding r reshaping are nt recmmended. (2) All critical parts that are cracked, brken, bent, excessively wrn, r missing (3) Pitted r burned electrical cntacts shuld be crrected nly by replacement and in sets. Cntrller parts shuld be lubricated as recmmended in the manual supplied with the crane. (4) Functin, instructin, cautin, and warning labels r plates n pendant cntrl statins shall be kept legible. (e) If repairs f lad-sustaining members are made by welding, identificatin f materials shall be made and apprpriate welding prcedures shall be fllwed Lubricatin (a) All mving parts f the crane fr which lubricatin is specified shuld be regularly lubricated. Lubricating means shuld be checked fr delivery f lubricant. Care shuld be taken t fllw recmmendatins stated in the crane manufacturer's manual as t pints and frequency f lubricatin, maintenance f lubricant levels, and types f lubricant t be used. (b) Machinery shall be statinary while lubricants are being applied, and prtectin prvided as called fr in paras (a)(1) thrugh (4), unless equipped fr autmatic r remte lubricatin. SECTION 2-2.4: Rpe Inspectin ROPE INSPECTION, REPLACEMENT, AND MAINTENANCE (a) Frequent Inspectin (1) All rpes shuld be visually inspected by the peratr r ther designated persn at the start f each shift. These visual bservatins shuld be cncerned with discvering grss damage, such as listed belw, that may be a hazard. (a) distrtin f the rpe, such as kinking, crushing, unstranding, birdcaging, main strand displacement, r cre prtrusin (b) general crrsin (c) brken r cut strands (d) number, distributin, and type f visible br- (05) ken wires [see paras (b )(1), (2), and (3) fr further guidance] (2) When such damage is discvered, the rpe shall either be remved frm service r given an inspectin, as detailed in para (b). (b) Peridic Inspectin (1) The inspectin frequency shall be determined by a qualified persn and shall be based n such factrs as expected rpe life, as determined by experience n the particular installatin r similar installatins; severity f envirnment; percentage f capacity lifts; frequency rates f peratin; and expsure t shck lads. Inspectins need nt be at equal calendar intervals and shuld be mre frequent as the rpe appraches the end f its useful life. (2) Peridic inspectins shall be perfrmed by a designated persn. This inspectin shall cver the entire 20

34 OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES ASME length f rpe. The individual uter wires in the strands f the rpe shall be visible t this persn during the inspectin. Any deteriratin resulting in appreciable lss f riginal strength, such as the fllwing, shall be nted and determinatin shall be made as t whether further use f the rpe wuld cnstitute a hazard: (a) pints listed in para (a) (b) reductin f rpe diameter belw nminal diameter due t lss f cre supprt, internal r external crrsin, r wear f utside wires (c) severely crrded r brken wires at end cnnectins (d) severely crrded, cracked, bent, wrn, r imprperly applied end cnnectins (3) Special care shuld be taken when inspecting sectins f rapid deteriratin, such as the fllwing: (a) sectins in cntact with saddles, equalizer sheaves, r ther sheaves where rpe travel is limited (b) sectins f the rpe at r near terminal ends where crrded r brken wires may prtrude (c) sectins subject t reverse bends (d) sectins f rpe that are nrmally hidden during visual inspectin, such as parts passing ver sheaves (c) In rder t establish data as a basis f judging the prper time fr replacement, a cntinuing inspectin recrd shuld be maintained. This recrd shuld cver pints f deteriratin listed Rpe Replacement (a) N precise rules can be given fr determinatin f the exact time fr rpe replacement, since many variable factrs are invlved. Once a rpe reaches anyne f the specified remval criteria, it may be allwed t perate t the end f the wrk shift, based n the judgment f a qualified persn. The rpe shall be replaced after that wrk shift, at the end f the day, r at the latest time prir t the equipment being used by the next wrk shift. (05) (b) Remval criteria fr rpe replacement shall be as fllws: (1) in running rpes, twelve randmly distributed brken wires in ne lay r fur brken wires in ne strand in ne lay, except as nted in para (b)(2) (2) in rtatin-resistant rpes, tw randmly distributed brken wires in six rpe diameters r fur randmly distributed brken wires in thirty rpe diameters (3) ne uter wire brken at the cntact pint with the cre f the rpe, which has wrked its way ut f the rpe structure and prtrudes r lps ut frm the rpe structure (4) wear f ne-third the riginal diameter f utside individual wires (5) kinking, crushing, birdcaging, r any ther damage resulting in distrtin f the rpe structure (6) evidence f heat damage frm any cause (7) reductins frm nminal diameter greater than thse listed belw Rpe Diameter Up t ~6 in. (8 mm) Over 546 in. t 1.-'2 in. (13 mm) Over 1.-'2 in. t % in. (19 mm) Over % in t 1% in (29 mm) Over Ills in. t 11.-'2 in. (38 mm) Maximum Allwable Reductin Frm Nminal Diameter 1/64 in. (0.4 mm) %2 in. (0.8 mm) 3/64 in. (1.2 mm) 1~6 in. (1.6 mm) %2 in. (2.4 mm) (c) Brken wire remval criteria cited in this vlume apply t wire rpe perating n steel sheaves and drums. The user shall cntact the sheave, drum, r crane manufacturer, r a qualified persn, fr brken wire remval criteria fr wire rpes perating n sheaves and drums made f material ther than steel. (d) Attentin shall be given t end cnnectins. Upn develpment f tw brken wires adjacent t a scketed end cnnectin, the rpe shuld be rescketed r replaced. Rescketing shall nt be attempted if the resulting rpe length will be insufficient fr prper peratin. (e) Replacement rpe and cnnectins shall have a strength rating at least equal t the rating f the riginal rpe and cnnectins specified by the hist manufacturer. Any deviatin frm the riginal size, grade, r cnstructin f the rpe shall be specified by a rpe manufacturer, the crane r hist manufacturer, r a qualified persn Rpe Maintenance (a) Rpe shuld be stred t prevent damage r deteriratin. (b) Rpe shall be unreeled r unciled in a manner t avid inducing a twist in r kinking f the rpe. (c) Befre cutting rpe, means shall be used t prevent unlaying f the strands. (d) During installatin, care shuld be bserved t avid dragging the rpe in dirt r arund bjects that will scrape, nick, crush, r induce sharp bends. (e) Rpe shuld be maintained in a well-lubricated cnditin. Lubricant applied as part f a maintenance prgram shall be cmpatible with the riginal lubricant. Lubricant applied shall be f the type that des nt hinder visual inspectin. Thse sectins f rpe that are lcated ver sheaves r therwise hidden during inspectin and maintenance prcedures require special attentin when the rpe is being lubricated. The bject f rpe lubricatin is t reduce internal frictin and t prevent crrsin. 21

35 ASME OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES Chapter 2-3 Operatin SECTION 2-3.1: QUALIFICATIONS FOR AND CONDUCT OF OPERATORS Operatrs f Cab-Operated and Pulpit-Operated Cranes (a) Cranes shall be perated nly by the fllwing qualified persnnel: (1) designated persns (2) trainees under the direct supervisin f a designated persn (3) maintenance and test persnnel, when it is necessary in the perfrmance f their duties (b) N ne ther than persnnel specified in para (a) shall enter a crane cab r pulpit,. with the exceptin f persns such as ilers and supervisrs, whse duties require them t d s, and then nly in the perfrmance. f their duties and with the knwledge f the peratr r ther appinted persn Qualificatins fr Operatrs f Cab-Operated and Pulpit-Operated Cranes (a) Operatrs shall be required by the emplyer t pass a written r ral examinatin and a practical perating examinatin unless able t furnish satisfactry evidence f qualificatins and experience. Qualificatins shall be limited t the specific type f equipment fr which the peratr is being examined. (b) Operatrs and peratr trainees shall meet the fllowing physical qualificatins: (1) have visin f at least 20/30 Snellen in ne eye, and 20/50 Snellen in the ther, with r withut crrective lenses. (2) be able t distinguish clrs, regardless f psitin f clrs, if clr differentiatin is required fr peratin. (3) be able t hear, with r withut hearing aid, adequately fr a specific peratin. (4) have: sufficient strength, endurance, agility, crdinatin, and speed f reactin t meet the demands f equipment peratin. (5) nt have evidence f physical defects, r emtinal instability that culd render a hazard t the peratr r thers, r which, in the pinin f the examiner, culd interfere with the peratr's perfrmance. Evidence f such cnditins may be cause fr disqualificatin. In such cases, specialized clinical r medical judgments and tests may be required. (6) nt have evidence f being subject t seizures r lss f physical cntrl. Evidence f such cnditins shall be reasn fr disqualificatin. Specialized medical tests may be required t determine these cnditins. (c) Operatrs and peratr trainees shuld have nrmal depth perceptin, field f visin, reactin time, manual dexterity, crdinatin, and n tendencies t dizziness r similar undesirable cnditins Operatrs f Flr-Operated Cranes Cranes shall be perated nly by the fllwing qualified persnnel: (a) designated persns (b) trainees under the direct supervisin f a designated persn (c) maintenance and test persnnel, when it is necessary in the perfrmance f their duties (d) inspectrs (crane) Qualificatins fr Operatrs f Flr Operated Cranes Persnnel shall be required by the emplyer t pass a practical perating examinatin. Qualificatins shall be limited t the specific type f equipment fr which the peratr is being examined Operatrs f Remte-Operated Cranes Cranes shall be perated nly by the fllwing qualified persnnel: (a) designated persns (b) trainees under the direct supervisin f a designated persn (c) maintenance and test persnnel, when it is necessary in the perfrmance f their duties (d) inspectrs (crane) Qualificatins fr Operatrs f Remte Operated Cranes The use f remte-cntrl equipment invlves such a wide variety f service requirements and cnditins that each installatin shuld be carefully analyzed and peratin reviewed at least mnthly fr the first 6 mnths f peratin t determine whether para r shuld apply. 22

36 OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES ASME B Cnduct f Operatrs (a) The peratr shall nt engage in any practice that will divert attentin while actually engaged in perating the crane. (b) When physically r therwise unfit, an peratr shall nt engage in the peratin f the equipment. (c) The peratr shall (1) be familiar with and understand hand signals (see Fig. 10) (2) respnd t signals frm the persn wh is directing the lift r an appinted signalpersn (3) be respnsible fr the lifts when a signalpersn r crane fllwer is nt required as part f the crane peratin (4) pen the magnet switch upn request frm the persn n the grund, wh shall wait fr a signal frm the peratr that the magnet is deenergized (5) bey a stp signal at all times, n matter wh gives it (d) Each peratr shall be respnsible fr thse peratins under the peratr's direct cntrl. Whenever there is dubt as t safety, the peratr shall cnsult with the supervisr befre handling the lads. (e) The peratr shall activate the warning device n cab- and remte-perated cranes and, when prvided, n flr-perated cranes (1) befre starting the bridge r trlley mtin f the crane (2) intermittently during travel f the crane when appraching persns in the path f the lad if) Befre leaving a cab-perated crane unattended, the peratr shall land any attached lad, place cntrllers in the ff psitin, and deenergize tlle main switch (crane discnnect) f the specific crane. If all cranes n the runway are t be unattended fr a perid lnger than ne shift, the runway discnnect switch shall als be deenergized. (g) The peratr shall nt clse the main switch (crane discnnect) until certain that n wrker is n r adjacent t tlle crane. If there is a warning sign r lck n the device, it shall nt be energized until the sign r lck is remved by the persn wh placed it there, r by an authrized persn. (11) Befre clsing the main switch (crane discnnect), the peratr shall be sure that all cntrllers are in the ff psitin. (i) If pwer ges ff during peratin, the peratr shall immediately place all cntrllers in tlle ff psitin. Prir t reuse f the crane, perating mtins shall be checked fr prper directin. (j) The peratr shall be familiar witll the equipment and its prper care. If adjustments r repairs are necessary, r any defects are knwn, the peratr shall reprt tlle same prmptly t tlle appinted persn wh shall be respnsible fr the peratin and maintenance repairs 23 f the crane. The peratr shall als ntify tlle next peratr f any remaining uncrrected defects upn changing shifts. (k) Cntacts with runway stps r tller cranes shall be made Witll extreme cautin. The peratr shall d s witll particular care fr tlle safety f persns n r belw tlle crane, and nly after making certain tllat any persns n the tller cranes are aware f what is being dne. (l) Operatrs f utdr cranes shall secure them when leaving. (m) When tlle wind-indicating device f a cab-perated utdr crane gives tlle alarm, crane peratin shall be discntinued and the crane shall be prepared and stred fr excessive wind cnditins. (n) Befre the peratr perfrms any maintenance wrk n the crane, tlle peratr shall lck and tag the main switch (crane discnnect) (see para ) in the deenergized psitin. If the crane is equipped with a lifting magnet and the magnet is nt deenergized when the main switch (crane discnnect) is in tlle deenergized psitin, the peratr shall als lck and tag the magnet discnnect switch in the de energized psitin. (0) All cntrls shall be tested by tlle peratr befre beginning a new shift. If any cntrls d nt perate prperly, they shuld be adjusted r repaired befre peratins are begun. (p) Persns barding r leaving verhead cranes shuld d s nly at authrized lcatins and designated barding entrances. (q) If the crane has mre than ne histing unit, the peratr shall nly lift lads, with tw r mre histing units, that are within the rated lad f the crane. SECTION 2-3.2: Lad Weight HANDLING THE LOAD (a) The crane shall nt be laded in excess f its rated lad except fr test purpses, as prvided in para , r fr planned engineered lifts, as prvided in para (b) The cmbined lad applied t mre than ne histing unit shall nt exceed tlle rated lad f the crane when the crane has mre than ne histing unit Planned Engineered Lifts. Lifts in excess f the rated lad may be required frm time t time n a limited basis fr specific purpses such as new cnstructin r majr repairs. Every planned engineered lift exceeding the rated lad shall be treated as a special and separate event. Limitatins and planned requirements shall be applicable, as fllws: (a) Planned engineered lifts shall be limited t pwered cranes having a lad rating f 5 tns and abve.

37 ASME OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES t HOIST. With frearm vertical, frefinger pinting up, mve hand in small hrizntal circle. LOWER. With arm extended dwnward, frefinger pinting dwn, mve hand in small hrizntal circle. BRIDGE TRAVEL. Arm extended frward, hand pen and slightly raised, make pushing mtin in directin ftravel. TROLLEY TRAVEL. Palm up, fingers clsed, thumb pinting in directin f mtin, jerk hand hrizntally. STOP. Arm extended, palm dwn, mve arm back and frth hrizntally. EMERGENCY STOP. Bth arms extended, palms dwn, mve arms back and frth hrizntally. MULTIPLE TROLLEYS., Hld up ne finger fr blck marked "1" and tw fingers fr blck marked "2". Regular signals fllw. 1 MOVE SLOWLY. Use ne hand t give any mtin signal and place ther hand mtinless in frnt f hand giving the mtin signal. (Hist slwly shwn as example.) ~.. " -;::/ 1,' ~'~ r r I==~ " " " MAGNET IS DISCONNECTED. Crane peratr spreads bth hands apart - palms up. Fig. 10 Standard Hand Signals fr Cntrlling Overhead and Gantry Cranes 24

38 OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES ASME (b) When planned engineered lifts are made, the lad shall nt exceed 125% f the crane lad rating, except as prvided in para (d). (c) Planned engineered lifts shall be limited t tw ccurrences n any crane within any cntinuus 12 mnth perid, except as prvided in para (d). If greater lift frequency is desired, cnsideratin shall be given t rerating r replacing the crane. (d) The crane manufacturer shall be cnsulted if the planned engineered lift exceeds 125% f rated lad r if the frequency f planned engineered lifts exceeds tw during a cntinuus 12-mnth perid. (e) Each planned engineered lift shall cmply with the fllwing requirements: (1) a written review f the crane service histry shall be prepared, including reference t previus planned engineered lifts, structural repairs, and mdificatins f riginal design (2) the design f the structural, mechanical, electrical, pneumatic, and hydraulic cmpnents f the crane shall be reviewed, by means f applicable calculatins fr the lad t be lifted, and apprved by the crane manufacturer r a qualified persn, in accrdance with accepted crane design standards if the lad t be lifted exceeds 125% f rated lad, r if the frequency f planned engineered lifts exceeds tw during a cntinuus 12-mnth perid (3) the design f the crane-supprting structure shall be reviewed and apprved by a qualified persn fr cnfrmance t applicable design criteria. The crane supprt shall be inspected and any deteriratin r damage shall be taken int cnsideratin in design calculatins fr the lad t be lifted. (4) The crane shall be inspected in accrdance with para just prir t making the lift. (5) The lift shall be made under cntrlled cnditins under the directin f a designated persn in accrdance with a previusly prepared lift plan. All persns in the area f the crane shall be alerted that the lift is being made. (6) The peratr shall test the crane at the planned engineered lad by lifting the lad a shrt distance and setting the brakes. The lift shall nly be cntinued if the brakes stp and hld the lad. Any failure t hld the lad shall be crrected befre prceeding with the lift. (7) The crane shall be inspected in accrdance with para after the lift is cmpleted and prir t being used fr the lifting f any ther lad. (8) A recrd f the planned engineered lift, including calculatins, inspectins, and all distances mved, shall be placed n file fr availability t appinted persnnel. if) The rated lad test specified in para is nt applicable t planned engineered lift prvisins Attaching the Lad (a) The hist rpe shall be free frm kinks r twists and shall nt be wrapped arund the lad. (b) The lad shall be attached t the lad blck hk by means f slings r ther devices. (c) Care shall be taken t make certain that the sling clears all bstacles Mving the Lad (a) The appinted persn directing the lift shall ascertain that (1) the lad, sling, r lifting device is seated in the bwl f the hk (2) the lad is secured, balanced, and psitined in the hk, sling, r lifting device befre the lad is lifted mre than a few inches (millimeters) (3) the hist rpe is nt kinked (4) multiple part lines are nt twisted arund each ther (5) the hk is brught ver the lad in such a manner as t minimize swinging (6) the rpe is seated in the drum grves and in the sheaves, if there is r has been a slack rpe cnditin (b) During lifting, care shall be taken that (1) there is n sudden acceleratin r deceleratin f the mving lad (2) the lad des nt cntact any bstructins (c) Cranes shall nt be used fr side pulls, except when specifically authrized by a qualified persn wh has determined that (1) the varius parts f the crane will nt be verstressed (2) the hist rpe will nt bear r rub against ther members f the crane, such as the girders r trlley frame, except members specifically designed fr such cntact (3) such side pulls will nt cause the hist rpe t be pulled ut f the sheaves r acrss drum grves (4) such side pulls will nt result in excessive swinging f the lad blck r lad (d) The peratr shall nt cause the crane t lift,lwer, r travel while anyne is n the lad r hk. (e) The peratr shuld avid carrying lads ver peple. if) The peratr f a flr-perated crane having a lifting magnet shuld exercise cautin due t the hazard f pssible falling metal. (g) The peratr shall check the hist brake(s) at least nce each shift if a lad appraching the rated lad is t be handled. This shall be dne by lifting the lad a shrt distance and applying the brake(s). (ll) The lad shall nt be lwered belw the pint where tw wraps f rpe remain n each anchrage f the histing drum unless a lwer-limit device is prvided, in which case, n less than ne wrap shall remain.