Safety Policies & Guidelines

Transcription

1 Safety Plicies & Guidelines The fllwing infrmatin is being prvided t insure yu are familiar with the fllwing Nrth American Van Lines, Inc., Safety Plicies and Guidelines. Accident Reprting Plicy Safety Tips S.I.P.D.E. Jackknife Avidance Plicy Highway Wrk Znes Safe Turns Preventing Van Fires Safety Practices It is a requirement that all drivers requesting qualificatin with Nrth American Van Lines, Inc., understand and agree t abide with these plicies and guidelines. After yu have reviewed this infrmatin yu will need t sign the Qualificatin Receipts frm lcated under Required Dcuments. The signed frm must be faxed t yur agent cntact and must be received by the Driver Qualificatin Department befre a driver can be qualified with Nrth American Van Lines, Inc. 1/2012 Cpyright 2012 Nrth American Van Lines, Inc. All Rights Reserved

2 ACCIDENT REPORTING POLICY Listed belw are the prcedures yu shuld fllw in the event yu are invlved in a traffic accident. 1. STOP IMMEDIATELY Turn n yur 4-way emergency flashers and if yur vehicle is blcking a highway lane, attempt t mve it ff the highway t avid further hazards. 2. PUT OUT (3) REFLECTIVE TRIANGLES OR (3) FLARES accrding t DOT requirements, FMCSR t secure the accident scene. 3. CALL POLICE r have smene call them fr yu. 4. PROTECT VEHICLE AND CARGO frm further lss. 5. CONTACT CENTRAL ACCIDENT REPORTING at days a week, 24 hurs a day, as quickly as pssible. 6. GET WITNESS STATEMENTS - if witnesses will nt cperate, take dwn their license numbers. 7. TAKE PICTURES if a camera is available. What t take pictures f: 1. Pint f impact 2. Undamaged areas/pre-existing damage 3. Phts f accident scene befre mving vehicles if it can be dne safely. 4. Facing pint f impact, phts f accident area (abut 150 ft. befre skid marks) 5. Witness/License plate number 6. NO PHOTOS OF INJURED PEOPLE IT IS IMPORTANT that yu DO NOT discuss liability r fault, r sign any dcuments except a dcument required by a plice fficer, yur emplyer, and/r a Nrth American Van Lines' cmpany representative. DO NOT ARGUE with thers invlved at the scene f an accident. Be curteus and shw yur license willingly. DO NOT STOP fr an accident in which yur vehicle is nt invlved unless yur help is needed. If it is necessary t stp, place yur vehicle in a safe psitin. NEVER ffer financial aid t anyne invlved in an accident f which yu are a party, even if yu feel yu are at fault.

3 Pst Accident Drug and Alchl Testing IF YOU... Are invlved in a D.O.T. recrdable accident defined as: A fatality An injury requiring immediate medical attentin away frm the scene Any vehicle requiring twing due t disabling damage Receive a citatin and/r there is a fatality, AND YOU... YOU MUST... Be tested fr drugs and alchl within 2 hurs f the incident. When yu reprt the accident at , yu will be directed t the nearest cllectin facility. IF YOU DON'T... Yu and NAVL will be in vilatin f D.O.T. regulatins and subject t penalties and fines. Effective February 16, 2009 Cpyright 2009 Nrth American Van Lines, Inc. All Rights Reserved

4 Safety Tips A driver s safety is strngly enhanced when the fllwing fur factrs are bserved: (1) Maintaining an adequate fllwing distance; (2) Having an escape rute in the event f an emergency; (3) Driving at the apprpriate speed fr the ever changing cnditins r situatins being encuntered which means having adequate tractin, adequate space and adequate visibility; (4) Utilizing effective search techniques t achieve envirnmental awareness. These factrs are the basic defensive driving techniques required in driving. FOLLOWING DISTANCE - The minimum fllwing distance frm the vehicle ahead f a tractrtrailer shuld be a least ne secnd fr every 10 feet f ttal vehicle length up t 40 mph. After 40 mph add an additinal secnd. Fr bad weather, pr visibility, r bad rad cnditins, yu shuld add at least ne mre secnd. STOPPING DISTANCE A tractr-trailer cmbinatin requires apprx. 500 feet t stp at 60mph. The sequence f events fr emergency stpping: - 60mph = 88 feet per secnd - Average perceptin time t recgnize a hazard = 3/4 secnd = 66 feet - Average reactin time in respnse t a hazard = 3/4 secnd = 66 feet - Brake lag time = 1/3 secnd = 30 feet - Actual stpping distance in ideal cnditins = 355 feet - TOTAL STOPPING DISTANCE 517 feet The average stpping distance fr a car traveling 60mph? 250 t 300 feet Tailgating a car? THINK ABOUT IT! Other drivers ften cmprmise ur fllwing distance. Escape rutes are needed in situatins f this nature due t the tractr-trailer stpping distances. Traveling in the right lane n multi-lane rads as much as pssible will give yu the right shulder as yur escape rute. BOBTAILING The greatest danger f bbtailing is that stpping may take twice as lng due t the absence f weight n the drive axles. Be especially careful n wet r icy rads, skidding can begin with the first brake applicatin. NIGHT DRIVING Under the best f cnditins yur sight distance is severely limited at night when using yur lw beams. Dn t ver drive yur headlights. The average headlight shts ut feet. If yu are traveling at 60mph it s ging t take yu 500 feet t stp. That means yu are verdriving yur headlights by 200 feet. When pssible use yur high beams which sht ut feet. CONSTRUCTION ZONES Watch fr vehicles trying t cut in frnt f yur truck at lane clsures. Maintain a safe fllwing distance frm the vehicle in frnt f yu. D nt exceed the recmmended speed limit. D nt change lanes r pass ther vehicles while in the cnstructin zne. Watch fr cnstructin wrkers and cnstructin vehicles. Expect the unexpected. BE PATIENT AND STAY CALM.

5 LANE CHANGE PROCEDURES Lk in mirrr and turn n turn signal. Mve t lane line and pause fr 1-2 secnds. Slwly and gradually start t make the lane change. On each click f the signal check yur mirrr again. BACKING REQUIREMENTS Use a SPOTTER. Get ut and lk at all bstacles and make sure the sptter(s) is als aware f the bstacles. Establish hand signals t be used by the sptter. Keep eye cntact with sptter(s). If at any time yu lse eye cntact stp immediately. Never ever back up in traffic withut smene guiding yu. RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES FOR TURNS Signal well in advance 300 feet. In duble lane turns allws use the utside lane. Slw dwn and select the prper gear fr the turn. Dn t shift during the turn. Slw speeds allw t make adjustment during the turn, mre time t search the intersectin and yur mirrrs, reduces risk f jackknifes in wet r slick cnditins and als allws yu t stp if necessary. In right turns psitin yur truck 4-5 feet frm the curb. Yu want as much space n the right withut letting a car slip between yu and curb. NEVER- EVER SWING LEFT TO GO RIGHT. Prceed straight ahead until the trailer tires will clear the crner in a hard right turn. Make the hard right and finish in the right lane. Check all yur mirrrs ften. If yu find that yu can t make the turn d nt back up. Wait fr the traffic t clear and prceed frward. CROSSING INTERSECTIONS Search the intersectin befre crssing by lking left, right and left again. Frty-Five percent f all cllisins and deaths ccur at intersectins. Understand that even at 30 mph a truck requires apprx. 200 feet t stp. Railrad crssings are als intersectins and require greater attentin and cnsideratin ROLLOVERS Rllvers are a direct result f tw factrs: inattentin and speed. Off-ramps frm Interstates can be extremely dangerus. Always take exit ramp at 5mph belw the psted speed limit. Usually cars that take exit ramps t fast will slide int the ditch, trucks n the ther hand will usually rllver due t the high center f gravity. EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS AND RECOMMENDED SPEED REDUCTION Heavy rain reduce yur speed by 25% Heavy snw reduce yur speed by 50% Icy cnditins reduce yur speed by 75% and get ff the rad at yur first pprtunity

6 COMMON DRIVER ERRORS Inattentin Fllwing t clse Over dependence n brakes T fast fr cnditins Pr mirrr usage Imprper r pr use f signals and lights N seat belt usage VAN FIRES Pay clse attentin t wheel seals and brake cmpnents Regularly check fr prper inflatin f tires Check fr brken r frayed wiring DO NOT ALLOW ANYONE TO SMOKE IN OR AROUND THE VAN SEAT BELTS Always wear yur seat belt. It s the law and it saves lives.

7 S.I.P.D.E. SEARCH, IDENTIFY, PREDICT, DECIDE AND EXECUTE (SIPDE) SEARCH Searching is the prcess where we purpsely increase ur perceptin while driving. Perceptin, while we are driving, primarily invlves the senses f hearing, seeing, and feeling. Perceptin, in many cases, is withut effrt. While driving hwever, we cannt have casual perceptin. Active searching requires effrt, awareness and alertness while driving. Searching allws us t gain infrmatin f what is in ur immediate driving area. Actively searching prepares us t deal mre effectively with emergency situatins. It allws us t gather infrmatin and cures fr frthcming events. Few emergency events are withut prir warning. Actively searching increases ur ability t detect these warning signs and signals. An efficient search prcess allws us t detect hazards mre quickly, allws us the pprtunity t cnsider chices tward a curse f actin and then usually allws us t evade the prblem. Methds f an effective search pattern: a. Lk at least ¼ mile (10-12 secnds) in frnt f yu n the pen highway and at least ne city blck ahead. b. Frequency f mirrr usage lk in each mirrr every five t ten secnds. c. Search the envirnment frward, up, dwn, right, left and behind yur vehicle. Mving yur head and trs up and dwn als will eliminate many blind spts. d. Include the vehicle instruments in yur search pattern t verify speed and perating perfrmance f the truck systems. IDENTIFY Active searching while driving requires the use f selective attentin t enhance identificatin. Gaining a perspective f the bjects within ur realm demands that we crrectly fcus ur attentin nly t the events and bjects that have direct influence n ur path f travel. The bjects f cncern may be infrmative, directive r may require immediate respnse. If the bject is familiar, frm prir experience, we recgnize it quickly and respnd with ease and cmfrt. Unfamiliar bjects require mre time fr recgnitin, additinal time fr respnse chice and then adequate time fr avidance many nt available. Driving fr the prevailing cnditins allws the driver time fr identificatin and respnse. PREDICT Evaluatin f hw ther traffic and events may affect ur safety psture is an excellent methd t increase the safety envelpe arund ur vehicle. This prcedure is ften ignred r verlked by drivers wh tailgate r desn t understand hw the prevailing cnditins cmprmise their security. Predictin f events that may ccur is an act f risk evaluatin. T keep the risk under cntrl, we assess the level f risk and separate the lw risks frm the critical decisins r high risks. When we cnstantly evaluate the rad scenari in frnt f us, predicting hazardus events, ur decisin making prcess is achieved thrugh rderly frmulatin as we perceive them and nt induced by blind panic frm unbserved events.

8 DECIDE Our acts f searching, identifying and predicting aids in decisin making by effectively giving us additinal time fr cnsidering several ptins. It allws pssible time t search again an avenue f escape and analysis f ur ptins. This is accmplished by maintaining a safety margin arund the vehicle fr the weather, traffic cnditins and the type f highways encuntered. It als allws time fr actin selectin and eliminates reactin by immediate instinct that may r may nt the crrect respnse. EXECUTE The final step in the prcess f cllisin avidance is the physical act f putting the maneuver int actin shuld it cme t that stage. Cllisin avidance can ften be assisted thrugh emergency steering rather that lcking up the brakes and sliding dwn the highway with n steering cntrl and n way t miss the hazard. Steering is having cntrl f the vehicle. Lcking up the brakes is the result f last minute recgnitin, nt having a gd search pattern t mre quickly increase recgnitin f the hazard and react with adequate cntrl.

9 Safety Bulletin TO: FROM: SUBJECT: All Agents, Drivers and Operatins Safety Administratin JACKKNIFE AVOIDANCE WINTER DRIVING POLICY DATE: December Winter brings extreme weather cnditins that represent a challenge fr even the mst seasned driver. That is why we remind drivers, agents, and Operatins f the Jackknife Avidance Winter Driving Plicy. This plicy is based n the belief that the weather des nt cause accidents and that all jackknife accidents are preventable when apprpriate steps are taken. The cmplete plicy is utlined belw: In inclement weather, drivers are expected t adjust their speed based n these guidelines: In heavy rain Reduce speed by 25%. On snw cvered rads Reduce speed by 50%. In icy cnditins Reduce speed by 75% and find a safe place t get ff the rad. When weather cnditins make rads unsafe fr travel, drivers are expected t shut dwn. As incentive, upn submissin f receipts, Operatins will reimburse mtel/meal expense up t $100 per day. If drivers feel weather cnditins cause the nrmal rute t be t dangerus fr travel, they may elect an alternative rute and be reimbursed ut-f-rute mileage. The driver must receive prir apprval frm Operatins fr the ut-f-rute travel. Drivers will nt be penalized fr late r delayed shipments due t the weather and will never be required t drive when cnditins make rads unsafe fr travel. Operatins will mnitr weather reprts t help drivers be aware f threatening cnditins. Ultimately, drivers are respnsible fr their wn safety and are subject t disqualificatin if they fail t shut dwn when weather cnditins make travel unsafe and a jackknife accident ccurs. Als, drivers are subject t disqualificatin if deemed negligent by failing t reduce speed and a jackknife accident ccurs. Our gal is t prevent all weather-related accidents by prviding every driver with the resurces and supprt necessary t perate safely this winter. Please share this infrmatin thrughut the netwrk and let s all wrk tgether t make this winter driving seasn a safe ne.

10 May 2008 Safety Release TO: FROM: SUBJECT: All NAVL Agents and Drivers Safety Administratin HIGHWAY WORK ZONES As usual, warmer weather means an increase in maintenance and cnstructin Wrk Zne prjects acrss the cuntry. This increase is accmpanied by greater traffic cngestin and almst always results in an increase in the number f crashes ccurring n ur natin s highways. Many f these crashes invlve large trucks. Hw significant is the Wrk Zne prblem? Over the last 10 years, the number f persns killed annually in mtr vehicle crashes in Wrk Znes has increased 45% (up t 1010 in 2006). Eighty-five percent f the fatalities in Wrk Zne are vehicle drivers r ccupants. The ther fifteen percent are wrkers, pedestrians r bicyclists. Here are mre startling statistics: A Wrk Zne fatality ccurs every 8.7 hurs. In % f all Wrk Zne fatalities invlved crashes with large trucks. A Wrk Zne injury ccurs every 9 minutes. 40,000 peple are injured each year in mtr vehicle crashes in Wrk Znes. T help drivers avid being invlved in a Wrk Zne crash, here are sme safe-driving tips: Be Patient and Stay Calm Wrk Znes aren t there t persnally incnvenience yu. Remember, wrkers are there t imprve the rads and make yur future drive better. Turn On Yur Headlights - Wrkers and ther mtrists must see yu. Slw Dwn - Speeding is a majr cause f Wrk Zne crashes; bey psted speed limits. D Nt Pass When entering a Wrk Zne pick a lane that will remain pen and stay in it. Changing lanes increases risk, even under nrmal cnditins. In Wrk Znes that risk is multiplied. Leave Extra Fllwing Distance and Dn t Tailgate The mst cmmn crash in a highway Wrk Zne is a rear end cllisin s maintain a safe distance between yu and the vehicle ahead. Expect the Unexpected Frequently stpped traffic, sudden lane changes by thers and wrkers n r near the rad are amng the unexpected hazards in a Wrk Zne. Keep A Safe Distance Between Yu And Cnstructin Wrkers And Equipment. Stay Alert and Minimize Distractins - Dedicate yur full attentin t the radway and avid changing radi statins r using cell phnes while driving in a Wrk Zne. Obey Rad Crews and Flaggers - The flagger knws what is best fr mving traffic safely in the Wrk Zne. A flagger has the same authrity as a regulatry sign, s yu can be cited fr disbeying directins. Plan Yur Trip and Allw Extra Time Leave early and expect delays s yu can reach yur destinatin n time. Check the Natinal Wrk Zne Safety Infrmatin Clearinghuse at fr infrmatin n Wrk Zne delays thrughut the cuntry and fr additinal safety infrmatin. Please share this imprtant infrmatin with yur drivers t help ensure a safe and successful a summer!

11 May 2008 Safety Release TO: FROM: SUBJECT: All NAVL Agents and Drivers Safety Administratin SAFE TURNS Executing a safe turn in a cmmercial vehicle is a challenge fr any driver. The size f the vehicle, limited visibility, and the unsuspecting actins f ther mtrists are all factrs that require exacting care in rder t execute an accident-free turn. Unfrtunately, we have recently seen a significant increase in the number f turning accidents invlving Nrth American Van Lines drivers. It is very imprtant that steps are taken t change this trend. Please share the fllwing tips with yur drivers t help prevent turning accidents frm ccurring: All Turns D a pre-trip inspectin each day t ensure that turn signals, brakes, and tail lights are all in wrking rder and that mirrrs are prperly adjusted. Always signal well in advance. DOT regulatins require drivers t signal at least 100 ft. prir t turning. Check mirrrs frequently. If yu see a vehicle r persn in the mirrr - and then yu dn t it means truble, s stp! Right Turns Prevent squeeze play accidents by prtecting the curb side. On apprach stay within fur feet f the curb t blck ther vehicles frm passing n the right. Never swing wide left t make a right turn. Other drivers may misinterpret yur intentins. When faced with multiple right turn lanes, always turn frm the far left lane. Left Turns On apprach, maintain prper lane psitin. Dn t swing wide right t make a left turn. When crssing uncntrlled traffic lanes, always yield t n-cming traffic and never make thers slw r swerve. Remember, it can take 10 secnds r mre t cmpletely clear an intersectin. When faced with multiple left turn lanes, always turn frm the far right turn lane. U Turns U Turns are always dangerus and shuld be avided even when legal. If a U Turn is necessary always make sure yu have 1) enugh rm t cmplete the turn withut baking up and 2) enugh time t cmplete the turn withut disrupting the flw f traffic. A driver s daily rutine includes the need t make many turns. Hwever, drivers shuld never make a turn that cannt be cmpleted safely. There is always an alternative t making an unsafe turn.

12 July 2008 Safety Release TO: FROM: SUBJECT: All NAVL Agents and Drivers Safety Administratin PREVENTING VAN FIRES Preventing Van Fires Van fires can be devastating and nearly all are the result f negligence and carelessness. Nt nly can a van fire result in thusands f dllars in carg lss and equipment damage, ften the items destryed are irreplaceable. Of even greater cncern is the risk t the persnal safety f the driver and emergency persnnel. While van fires can ccur any time f the year, the frequency increases during the lng, ht summer hauling seasn. Extreme weather cnditins especially in the suth and suthwest can take a tll n equipment increasing the risk f a van fire. Nrth American drivers shuld take every precautin thrughut the day t make sure their equipment is safe t perate. This includes: Clsely mnitr wheel seals and brakes. Overheated bearings r dragging brakes build up s much heat that tires can catch fire and burn thrugh the flr f a trailer. Immediately repair leaking wheel seals t ensure adequate lubricatin and check brake adjustments daily. Adjustment shuld be dne by a Certified Brake Mechanic which is especially critical with ABS. Regularly check tire pressure. Under inflated tires cause heat build up and can start a fire. Anther prblem ccurs when an under-inflated tire blws and becmes wedged in r arund mving parts f the axle r when a remaining tire builds up t much heat when required t carry all the weight. Check the electrical system and replace brken r frayed wiring immediately. Defective wiring can shrt ut and cause a fire. Never allw anyne t smke in r arund the van. Clsely supervise help and even custmers t be certain they never smke arund pads whether in the van, residence, warehuse r anywhere in between. If yu d have a fire DO NOT OPEN THE VAN DOORS. Allwing mre xygen int the van nly feeds the fire and can result in a fire ball type explsin. Immediately call 911 and nly unhk the tractr frm the van if yu can safely d s. Keep yurself and thers away frm burning vehicles and wait fr emergency respnders. Reprt the fire t Accident Reprting as sn as pssible at (800) , available 24 x 7. Remember, the mst effective measure fr preventing a van fire is prper vehicle maintenance. Regular service, peridic inspectins thrughut the day, and prmpt repair f defects can help eliminate an Nrth American van fire.

13 Miles Per Hur Feet Per Sec Peceptin + Reactin Distance A AIR BRAKE EQUIPPED TRUCK STOPPING DISTANCES "Brake Lag" Distance B Effective Braking Distance C Ttal Stpping Distance D ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft. A. Perceptin + Reactin Distance = Feet traveled in 1.5 secnds. The average driver s perceptin time is.75 secnds and the average reactin time is als.75 secnds. B. Brake Lag Distance = Feet traveled in.35 secnds. This is the average time required fr air t pass thrugh a prperly installed air brake system that is in gd cnditin. C. Effective Braking Distance = Feet traveled after brakes make cntact with drums in gd braking efficiency n gd dry pavement. D. Ttal Stpping Distance = Perceptin + Reactin + Brake Lag + Effective Braking Distance. RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM SPEEDS BASED ON POSTED LIMITS COMBINED WITH EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS Psted Speed Limit Recmmended Maximum Speed 75 MPH MPH MPH MPH MPH MPH Remember: HEAVY HEAVY ICE RAIN SNOW T maintain a safe stpping distance, slw dwn, but nt s much t be a hazard t drivers behind. Be prepared t get ff the rad and wait fr cnditins t imprve if necessary. Recmmended speed calculatins are based n the fllwing guidelines: In heavy rain, reduce speed by 25%. In heavy snw, reduce speed by 50%. In icy cnditins reduce speed by 75%. 3-POINT STANCE ENTER AND EXIT VEHICLES MAINTAINING THREE POINTS OF CONTACT AT ALL TIMES. Other Safety Tips DO: Check steps and handrails fr snw and ice t avid slipping. Keep hands free. Place paperwrk r ther items n seat r flrbard when climbing. Face inward while entering r exiting the vehicle. If available, use a hand strap when entering r exiting a trailer withut a walkbard. DON T: Get in a hurry! Jump ut f the tractr r trailer.

14 LIGHTS ON FOR SAFETY USE LOW-BEAM HEADLIGHTS WHILE DRIVING DURING DAYLIGHT HOURS TO REDUCE INJURIES AND SAVE LIVES. TIPS FOR NIGHT DRIVING Use high beams whenever pssible - switch t lw beams when yu are within 500 ft. f anther vehicle. Dn t verdrive yur headlights - lw beams sht ut abut 250 feet. At 55 mph, it will take abut 448 feet t stp. That s 198 feet yu wuld be in the dark if yu were required t make an emergency stp. Avid lking int the headlights f ncming traffic - lk t the right shulder area. Keep interir lights lw t minimize glare - if bunk lights are n, clse the curtains. Keep lights and windshields clean at all times. SEARCH: S.I.P.D.E. SAFE DRIVING PRACTICES THE DRIVING ENVIRONMENT IDENTIFY: POTENTIAL AND IMMEDIATE HAZARDS. PREDICT: THE ACTIONS OF OTHERS. DECIDE: WHAT VEHICLE CONTROL MANEUVER IS NECESSARY. EXECUTE: THE ACTUAL PHYSICAL MANEUVER. RECOMMENDED MIRROR CONFIGURATION West cast mirrr - Tw plane mirrrs,ne n each side f the vehicle. Spt mirrr - Tw cnvex spt mirrrs, minimum f 8 inches in diameter, munted belw and utbard f each plane mirrrs vertical center line. Frnt Auxiliary Mirrr - Any 8 minimum diameter cnvex mirrr munted frward f the driver s windshield n the right-hand side f the cab r hd that prvides a visual reflectin f the entire right side f the vehicle. ELIMINATE RIGHT SIDE BLIND SPOTS... CONSTRUCTION ZONE DRIVING RULES When yu are first ntified f a cnstructin zne ahead, psitin yur vehicle in a lane that will remain pen. Stay in the pen lane yu selected until yu have cleared the cnstructin zne. While traveling thrugh the cnstructin zne, d nt exceed the psted speed limit. Utilize cntinuus search patterns thrughut the cnstructin zne. Observe the six secnd minimum fllwing distance rule and watch fr slwed r stpped traffic. NO JOB IS SO IMPORTANT, NO SERVICE IS SO URGENT THAT WE CANNOT TAKE THE TIME TO PERFORM OUR WORK SAFELY.

15 S.I.P.D.E. SAFE DRIVING PRACTICES SEARCH: THE DRIVING ENVIRONMENT IDENTIFY: POTENTIAL AND IMMEDIATE HAZARDS. PREDICT: THE ACTIONS OF OTHERS. DECIDE: WHAT VEHICLE CONTROL MANEUVER IS NECESSARY. EXECUTE: THE ACTUAL PHYSICAL MANEUVER. Safety is ur 1 st Mve