Fleet Electrification. The benefits of planning your charging infrastructure early 16 May 2018

Transcription

1 Fleet Electrification The benefits of planning your charging infrastructure early 16 May 2018

2 2 Today s agenda An overview of the drivers for fleet electrification Health impacts Policy changes now and forthcoming Economic and technical drivers Charging Infrastructure AC versus DC? Technology on sale? How much charge do I really need? Grid connection considerations Network overview Charging implications Future developments Case study of city-wide charging infrastructure Outline of the process we use Specific examples and decisions taken Questions

3 3 Today s presenters Contact us for any questions after the webinar Dan Clarke Ricardo Energy & Environment Denis Naberezhnykh Ricardo Energy & Environment Simon Terry Ricardo Energy & Environment Fleet Electrification Lead Expert on fleet electrification and clean air zones Technical Director Sustainable Transport Expert on vehicle technologies and charging infrastructure Principal Consultant Energy Infrastructure Expert on UK electricity networks and smart grids Dan.Clarke@ricardo.com Denis.Naberezhnykh@ricardo.com Simon.Terry@ricardo.com

4 4 How to ask questions? Everyone s microphone is muted Questions can be submitted at any time and will be answered at the end. If your panel is minimised, click the orange button to expand it. Attendee control panel Welcome to the CRC Compliance Webinar Type your question here Successful CRC Compliance webinar

5 5 Warm-up poll questions Do you think you have a good understanding of your charging options?

6 6 Warm-up poll questions What would you consider to be the main barriers to you implementing charging infrastructure?

7 7 Warm-up poll questions When do you feel that you will plan to implement charging infrastructure at your locations?

8 8 Drivers for low emission vehicles Health Improving air quality for employees Improving air quality for communities Policy Clean Air Zones (CAZ) Ultra Low Emission Zones (ULEZ) Vehicle taxes and incentives Total Cost of Ownership Higher capex But savings in fuel expenditure Further savings in maintenance expenditure

9 9 More and more emission controlled zones in the UK Clean Air Zones (CAZ) Leeds Nottingham Derby Birmingham Southampton Other Controlled Emission Zones (Includes planned) Brighton and Hove Bristol London T-Charge, ULEZ in 2019 Oxford World s first ZEZ Norwich Manchester Glasgow Edinburgh Emission Controlled Sites Heathrow Airport Ultra-Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) in 2025 Future Controlled Emission Zones 24 Local Authorities in Defra s new Air Quality Plan exceeding NO 2 emission levels Over 700 Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) across the UK No restriction on implementing a CAZ

10 10 Navigating through the range of support and incentives available can be a real challenge Gov. grant funding up to 8,000 for new vans Company Car Tax benefits Gov. grant funding up to 4,500 for new cars Minimal fuel duty Reduced VED for Low Emission Vehicles Enhanced capital allowances Gov. grant funding for charge points Access to restricted zones (CAZ etc) Free parking Gov. funding for Local Authority on-street chargers

11 TCO, NPV Charge Time [hours] Ricardo analysis Ricardo analysis DfT Vehicle Statistics Electric vehicle and charging technology is improving: battery costs are coming down, electric range is increasing and TCO reducing Technology improvements EV sales Nissan Leaf Tesla Model S Renault Kangoo Electric range of selected models (miles) Renault Zoe BMW i3 (33 kwh) Jaguar I-Pace Nissan e- NV200 Hyundai Ioniq Tesla Model S (100 kwh) Mercedes EQA BMW VW I.D. Concept Nissan Leaf (40 kwh) Renault Master UK electric car and van sales 30% 60,000 30% 50,000 25% 40,000 20% 15% 30,000 15% 20,000 10% 10,000 5% 0.2% 0.7% 1.3% 1.7% 1.9% 0 0% % UK Total % EU Target UK Car/Van EV Sales Av. van end user total cost of ownership, 5 yrs 9,000 7,000 5,000 3,000 1,000-1,000-3,000-5,000 BEV End-user TCO versus Diesel ICEV, 5 yrs Total Total Total CAPEX Fuel O&M Notes: Assumes 10% discount rate for Net Present Value of future costs/savings Ricardo Energy & Environment in Confidence Charging infrastructure 711 m km/hour / m km/hour / hour m km/hour / m km/hour / m km/hour / Slow Medium Fast Rapid Ultrafast Up to 3.5 kw 7 kw 22 kw Up to 50 kw kw Charging Rate 11

12 % of Major Manuf. Models 18% 25% 31% 32% 54% 36% 12 Manufacturers say they are committed to electrified and electric vehicles; the number of models available is increasing rapidly Model 3 enters volume production To launch first electrified products on Efficient Modular Platform (EMP) All models to be electrified Plan joint EV platforms First full EV 20 new allelectric and FCEV models Targets 1M sales of electrified vehicles Plans 15-25% of sales to be electric Ricardo analysis: Over half of the car models and a third of van models responsible for the majority of sales will have electric variants by 2025 All vehicles will be hybrid Generic models accounting for >90% sales 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Cars Vans Cars Vans Cars Vans % vehicles will be electric To produce 0.5M electrified vehicles 40% of global models will be electrified 13 new electrified models Expects 50% of models to be electrified Expects 15-25% of models to be electrified Plans to sell 1M electric vehicles per annum Expects 2/3rds of models to be electrified All models will be electrified To have 7 PHEV and 4 BEV models on EMP Plans 30 new EVs accounting for up to 25% of sales Electrified will include hybrids FCEV = hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle

13 13 Poll 1 What is the main driver for providing charging infrastructure on your premises?

14 14 Charging Infrastructure State of the market, opportunities and risks Source: Source: Source: Source: ubitricity.com Choices in EV charging : AC, DC and connector standards Power Level (speed of charging vs connection / infrastructure costs) Installation type Smart / networked or not Payment and activation options New technologies and business models Opportunities Options to suit most operational and fleet requirements Potential Risks Not fit-for-purpose, stranded assets, poor value for money

15 15 Charging infrastructure AC or DC? AC EV charging: Single European charging standard (Mode 2 or Mode 3) Mostly a single plug type (Type 2) Single phase or three phase (3 kw to 43 kw) ADVANTAGES Cheapest Simplest to install and connect Many installation options DISADVANTAGES Charging power limited by vehicle charger Slower charging rate Source: Source: Source: ubitricity.com DC EV charging: CCS or CHAdeMO standards (+ other proprietary, e.g. Tesla) Mostly used for rapid charging (~50 kw and above) Increased interest in ultra rapid chargers (up to 350kW) ADVANTAGES High charging rate Does not rely on vehicle on-board equipment DISADVANTAGES More expensive hardware and installation Competing standards Overuse can reduce battery life Source: Source:

16 16 Charging infrastructure How to select how much charging power you need? What power level is right for you? 1. Appropriate for the vehicles using it and the journeys / duty cycle of those vehicles 2. EV charging IS NOT necessarily the same as petrol/diesel refuelling 3. It is about power level that enables charging time to recover necessary range. Slow charging Ultra-fast charging 3-7kW 8-20miles/hour (Domestic / work-place) 11-22kW 30-60miles/hour (Destination) 50kW (DC) 140miles/hour up to 80% SoC max (On-route) 120kW (DC) 340miles/hour up to 80% SoC max (Superfast/on-route)

17 17 Charging infrastructure Practicalities of charging bays Other practical considerations: Location of chargers fit for purpose minimises costs (e.g. grid connection) Vehicle charging port locations accessibility tethered or untethered units Enforcement bay markings discourage use by non-evs Communication signal strength reliability Source: Siemens Source: Rolec Source: City EV

18 18 Charging infrastructure How smart is smart enough? Smart charging? Smart charging = communications capability to send and receive data, and control capability to respond to commands to turn off/on or to throttle charging power No standard but many OEM solutions and approaches OCCP (V1.6) is latest available open protocol for EV chargers, it has provisions for smart charging and smart functionality NETWORKED CHARGERS Remote control, diagnostics and management Data collection, monitoring and evaluation SMART CHARGERS Smart control functionality and load balancing Can reduce grid connection costs Can provide grid services Can link with on-site renewable generation or storage VEHICLE TO GRID (V2G) Feed power back to the grid / building / local storage Higher potential revenue stream rom grid services

19 19 Charging infrastructure Future developments and technologies Automated and Electric Vehicle Bill Smart charging and data provision Standardise pricing information availability Subscription-free access Charging points in large fuel retailers Wireless Charging Already available as retrofit options Expected to be introduced by OEMs from 2018 Costs will need to be reduced V2G Ongoing technology and business case trials Vehicle and charger developments Source: Nissan

20 20 Poll 2 Do you know who your DNO is?

21 21 Grid connection considerations System overview When is reinforcement required? Demand management Connection costs Network data and information Current industry initiatives Technology innovation

22 22 Who is your DNO? + 12 other independent distribution network operators You can check here:

23 23 Simplified overview of the distribution of electricity Transmission Network 400 kv / 275 kv Extra High Voltage Network Grid Supply Point EHV (132 kv) MVA Bulk Supply Point MVA > 65,000 homes High Voltage (HV) Network HV (33 kv) Primary Substation MVA > 13,000 homes Medium Voltage (MV) Network MV (11 kv ) Secondary Substation MVA ~ 600 homes Low Voltage (LV) Distribution Network LV (400 V three phase V single phase)

24 Demand per house kw 00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 Ricardo Energy & Environment in Confidence 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 00:00 24 Peak demand will be the challenge Typical household daily electricity demand 1.4 Existing peak demand Spare capacity available for EV charging Winter Summer

25 Commercial Demand kw 00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 Ricardo Energy & Environment in Confidence 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 00:00 25 A substation with a different demand profile Typical commercial daily electricity demand Existing peak demand Spare capacity available for EV charging Winter Summer

26 26 What are the causes and cost of reinforcing the Distribution Networks? Thermal problems Voltage problems Network upgrade costs Reinforcement can be deferred by: Smart charging or incentivising time of use Smart network solutions

27 Managed or smart charging could mitigate impact on peak demand but grid reinforcement costs are still estimated to be in the bns Managed or smart EV charging could mitigate impact on peak electricity demand Average length of car journey 6% 50% 38% 6% Specific network reinforcements will be needed where spare capacity is low <1 miles 1-5 miles 5-25 miles Estimated average length of van journeys >25 miles Many cars will not need to charge every day Increasing EV range means vans may not need to charge everyday either Private Carriage of equipment Providing transport to others Delivery/ collection of goods Not stated Source:Department for Transport, Road Use Statistics, Great Britain, 2016, Julich report, Nicolas and Eraut miles / day Ricardo Energy & Environment in Confidence 27

28 28 Poll 3 How much might it cost to connect EV chargers?

29 29 Connection point example costs New low voltage (LV) cabling New high voltage (HV) connection slow charging locations, on-street locations car parks Existing LV cable New service cable cluster of charging points new cables substation including transformer, switchgear, protection, metering Existing HV cable New HV cable New substation New LV cables 15m service cable, and civil works 700 Single service breech joint 400 Total 1,100 CIC Charges 100 Provision and installation of 150m HV cable 30, kva substation 17,000 Provision and installing LV cabling 4,400 Metering Panel 800 HV joint to network 1,900 Total 54,000 Source: UKPN connection charging methodology worked example section CIC Charges 1,500

30 30 Available data Network companies have detailed information : DNO capacity (heat) maps Long term development statements (10 years) Technical specifications Asset databases (Age, Condition, Maintenance history etc.) Infrastructure route maps Some utilisation data Source: WPD online tools Automated and Electric Vehicles Bill charge points must have smart capability

31 31 Technology innovation Ongoing areas of innovation Combined Solar Panels, storage, charging hubs opportunities where grid capacity is limited Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Ability to earn revenue through grid services Wireless charging Trials ongoing, uncertain impact on grid

32 32 Poll 4 Have you already starting planning your infrastructure deployment?

33 33 A myriad of factors must be considered in order to make a successful purchasing decision Technology AC versus DC Charger speed, one or three phase Plug connections Location of chargers and communications Enforcement policy Business model Innovations and future proofing Informed purchasing decision Grid Infrastructure Current and planned local infrastructure Peak demand Proximity to substations Proximity to and grade of cables DNO policy Innovations and future proofing

34 34 Ricardo applies a four step process in providing support to clients on fleet electrification and charging infrastructure 1 Monitoring and 2 3 Strategy data collection Modelling development Implementation, 4 planning and delivery

35 35 Case study of city-wide charging infrastructure feasibility study in Brighton and Hove commissioned by Pebble Power Pebble Power had three key objectives that gave a specific direction to the study Reduce barriers for uptake of EVs Increase EV sales Supply overcapacity of charge points to guarantee availability and increase opportunity charging Support anticipated latent demand in areas with on-street parking Reduce air quality issues

36 36 Extracting good data is the key to making the correct investment decisions and fulfilling the strategy Our research focused on the city Commuter journeys around the city Areas with on-street parking Areas with a higher propensity to buy an EV Number of charge points in the area Grid infrastructure Moulsecoomb Southern Cross Fishersgate Brighton Local Source:

37 37 Extracting good data is the key to making the correct investment decisions and fulfilling the strategy and also the technology on the market Vehicles likely to make up the EV population in Brighton Technology and its various costs and characteristics Make & Model Type Seats Approximate Cost ( ) NEDC range (miles) Rapid charge capability Nissan Leaf BEV 5 21,680-28, Yes Nissan E- NV200 Combi BEV 5-7 (wheel chair accessible) 24, Yes Tesla Model S BEV 5 61, Yes Hyundai Ioniq BEV 5 24, Yes Socket Type/ charger availability DC fast charger - CHAdeMO DC fast charger - CHAdeMO DC Tesla Supercharger DC fast charger - CCS BYD E6 BEV 5 47, Yes AC fast charger LEVC TX REEV 6 (wheel chair accessible) 55, Yes Kai Soul BEV 5 25, Yes DC fast charger - CCS DC fast charger CHAdeMO We reviewed products from a dozen suppliers AC or DC speeds and phases payment options including contactless CAPEX costs OPEX costs maintenance and back office systems charger locations dedicated posts retrofit onto lampposts

38 38 We then modelled these factors to support the client s strategic decision making The modelling brought all the factors together to establish: Which areas of the city would benefit most from the additional infrastructure What would be the cost of upgrading the infrastructure

39 39 We then modelled these factors to support the client s strategic decision making The modelling brought all the factors together to establish: Could the technology be accessed by Brighton s 11 million tourists Would the city benefit from rapid chargers Destination Miles kwh Cost Bournemouth Crawley Epsom Folkestone Eurostar Gatwick Heathrow Sandown Park Sevenoaks Wimbledon Winchester

40 40 We then modelled these factors to support the client s strategic decision making The modelling brought all the factors together to establish: The most appropriate business model for a city wide charging infrastructure network Technology, Locations, Energy Networks, EV demand

41 41 Using the evaluations provided by the model we could advise the client in setting their strategy Recommendations Reduce barriers for uptake of EVs o Use contactless payment systems o Easy access for residents and visitors o Reduce some back office expenditure Supply overcapacity of charge points to guarantee availability and increase opportunity charging o Identified location for slow, medium and rapid charge points o Take advantage of spare capacity o Prioritising budget on charging units Support anticipated latent demand in areas with on-street parking o Focus on-street charging o Areas where additional charge points forecast lead to higher penetration EVs o Minimise cost through lamppost retrofits

42 42 As a result of our study Brighton & Hove and Pebble Power now have a clear strategy, business case and implementation plan Brighton & Hove City Council: Currently applying for funding from government Funding bids supported by robust scientific evidence Provides justification of the funding requests Ricardo supported this by providing: Integrated delivery with single point of contact Integrated consultancy with specialists Independent so no incentive to oversell Pebble Power has a clear implementation plan with visibility of: Technology costs Required grid upgrades and investments Target user groups Engaged and vetted suppliers Understanding of the vehicles likely to be using the charge points Informed purchasing decision

43 43 The benefits of planning your charging infrastructure early Strong Drivers for Electrification Health benefits and CSR Policy incentives and regulation Improvements in business case They will not be reversed Evaluate Charging Options Research and selecting chargers that appropriate for your needs Remember to plan for practical constraints Plan for future vehicle requirements and technology developments Assess Grid Infrastructure Networks have capacity Plan you investment now to maximise this spare capacity Managing demand behaviours can reduce costs Innovations mean that there are opportunities to generate revenue Use a Holistic and Evidence Based Approach A holistic approach can avoid pitfalls and create opportunities Opportunity to take a leadership role in the eyes of your customers Order winners We re here to help

44 44 Any Questions? You can still submit questions by typing them into the panel If we can t get to your question during this section we will follow up with you afterwards If your panel is minimised, click the orange button to expand it. Attendee control panel Welcome to the CRC Compliance Webinar Type your question here Successful CRC Compliance webinar

45 45 Contact us for any questions after the webinar Dan Clarke Ricardo Energy & Environment Denis Naberezhnykh Ricardo Energy & Environment Simon Terry Ricardo Energy & Environment Fleet Electrification Lead Technical Director Sustainable Transport Principal Consultant Energy Infrastructure Expert on fleet electrification and clean air zones Expert on vehicle technologies and charging infrastructure Expert on UK electricity networks and smart grids T: +44 (0) M: +44 (0) T: +44 (0) M: +44 (0) T: +44 (0) M: +44 (0)