Oil pollution prevention and search-and-rescue in the Russian Arctic

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1 Arctic Frontiers 2016 break-out session Oil spill prevention and search-and-rescue in the Arctic Oil pollution prevention and search-and-rescue in the Russian Arctic Alexei Bambulyak Akvaplan-niva, Tromsø, Norway Tromsø,

2 Oil pollution prevention and search-and-rescue in the Russian Arctic Recent related publications by author: Bambulyak, A., Sydnes, A.K. and Sydnes, M. (2015) Oil-spill response in the Russian Arctic. In: Jensen, L.C. & Hønneland, G. (eds) Handbook on the Politics of the Arctic, Edward Elgar. doi: / p Bambulyak, A., Golubeva, S., Sydnes, M., Sydnes, A.K., Larsen, L.H. and Streletskaya, V. (2015) Resources Management Regimes in the Barents Sea. In: Bourmistrov, A., Mellemvik, F., Bambulyak, A., Gudmestad, O.T., Overland, I. & Zolotukhin, A. (eds) International Cooperation and Arctic Petroleum: Barents Sea Scenarios, Routledge. p Bambulyak, A., Frantzen, B. and Rautio, R. (2015) Oil transport from the Russian part of the Barents Region status report. The Norwegian Barents Secretariat and Akvaplan-niva report, Norway. 105 p. Bambulyak, A., von Bock und Polach, R.U.F.; Ehlers, S. and Sydnes, A.K. (2014) Challenges with Oil Spill Risk Assessment in Arctic Regions: Shipping along the Northern Sea Route. In: ASME rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. Volume 4B: Structures, Safety and Reliability. San Francisco, California, USA, June 8 13, ASME Press doi: /OMAE p.

3 Oil-and-gas prospects for the Russian Continental Shelf geological exploration and/or development geological exploration and production geological exploration regional seismic profiles Source: VNIIOkeangeologia

4 Arctic marine shipping of petroleum cargo

5 Oil and gas shipping through the Barents Sea mln tons Russian petroleum Melkøya LNG

6 Russian Arctic oil-and-gas shipping terminals Varandey terminal Gazprom Севмаш Yamal LNG Varandey terminal with capacity of 12 million tons of oil per year was put on stream in 2009 Prirazlomnaya in the Pechora Sea started Arctic offshore oil production in 2013 Sabetta sea port construction for Yamal LNG project was launched in 2012 Novy Port terminal construction with capacity of 8 million tons of oil per year started in 2012

7 Terminal capacities: 2002, 2015 and 2025 Capacity 2002 Capacity 2015 Pr. capacity 2025 Kara Sea Tanalau Dudinka Kamenny / Novy Port Sabetta (Yamal LNG) ' Pechora Sea Varandey Prirazlomnoye Kolguyev Indiga (Pechora LNG) White Sea Arkhangelsk Vitino Barents Sea Teriberka (Shtokman LNG) Murmansk Mokhnatkina Pakhta Lavna Kirkenes Melkøya (Snøhvit LNG) Goliat

8 Emergency Prevention and Response in Russia Unified State System for Emergency Prevention and Response of Russia Ministry of Emergencies: overall coordination Territorial sub-systems Federal level Inter-regional level Regional level Municipal level Object level Functional sub-systems Ministry of Emergencies: SAR in inland waters Ministry of Transport: SAR at sea OSR at sea OSR if spill from ships Fishery Agency: SAR for fisheries

9 Emergency Prevention and Response in Russia Unified State System for Emergency Prevention and Response of Russia Ministry of Defence Navy SAR at sea (Barents Sea) Ministry of Transport Rosmorrechflot SAR in inland waters Ministry of Emergencies Inspection for small boats headquaters SAR headquarters Rescue Coord. Centre (RCC) Marine Rescue Service (MRS) Emercom dep. Murmansk SAR department in Northern Navy Marine RCC Murmansk Northern Branch of MRS Inspection for small boats Murmansk SAR units in other state departments Private SAR units

10 Emergency Prevention and Response in the Russian Arctic Arctic Search and Rescue Centres of the Ministry of Emergencies 1 Murmansk, 2 Arkhangelsk, 3 Naryan-Mar, 4 Vorkuta, 5 Nadym, 6 Dudinka, 7 Tiksi, 8 Pevek, 9 Provideniya, 10 Anadyr

11 Search and Rescue in the Russian Arctic MRCC Murmansk Мурманск Кандалакша SAR area of MRCC Murmansk SAR area of MRCS Pevek Провидения Онега Архангельск MRCS Arkhangelsk Мезень Нарьян-Мар Варандей SAR area of MRCC Dikson Диксон Дудинка MRCC Dikson Хатанга SAR area of MRCS Tiksi 125 Тикси MRCS Tiksi Певек Зеленый Мыс MRCS Pevek MRCS Kamchatsky Анадырь

12 Search and Rescue in the Russian Arctic

13 Search and Rescue in the Russian Arctic

14 ROSATOMFLOT Atomic Icebreaking Fleet of Russia Atomic icebreakers of Arktika type: Propulsion Capacity 54 MW; Water displacement t; i/b Rossia i/b Sovetsky Soyuz i/b Yamal i/b 50 Let Pobedy Atomic Icebreakers of Taimyr type: Propulsion Capacity 35 MW; Water displacement t; i/b Taimyr i/b Vaygach

15 ROSATOMFLOT New Universal Atomic Icebreaker under construction Icebreaker IB-60, project 2220: Length overall m Beam m Board height m Draught (min) (8.5) m Power plants - 2 x 33.5 MW Propulsion hp Ice-free water speed - 22 knots Ice passability m Crew quantity - 75 persons Three LK 60 nuclear-powered icebreakers should be constructed at Baltic Shipyard in St Petersbrurg and delivered to Atomflot in the period of

16 ROSATOMFLOT Planned operational period of atomic icebreakers (nuclear power plant resource of thousand hours) Name Built Taimyr 1989 Vaygach 1990 Sovetskiy Soyuz 1989 Repair Repair Repair Yamal Let Pobedy 2007 Commissioning and operation of Universal Atomic Icebreakers (IB-60) 1st IB nd IB rd IB Operational period of linear icebreakers - Operational period of low-draught icebreakers - Operational period of new universal icebreakers

17 Oil Spill Response in the Russian Arctic Vessel Ice class Speed Murmansk- Murmansk- Murmansk- Murmansk- (knots) Dikson (h) Tiksi (h) Dikson (days) Tiksi (days) Agat UL Kap. Martyshkin L Spas. Kavdeykin Arc Murman IB Provideniya unit Northern branch Кандалакша Мурманск Northern branch of the Marine Rescue Service of Rosmorrechflot Primorsk branch of the Marine Rescue Service of Rosmorrechflot Провидения Онега Архангельск Мезень Arkhangelsk branch Нарьян-Мар Варандей Диксон 125 Певек Анадырь Зеленый Мыс Pevek unit Kamchatka branch Дудинка Хатанга Тикси Dikson unit Tiksi unit Sakhalin branch

18 New vessels for Marine Rescue Service of Rosmorrechflot Federal Agency of Maritime and River Transport of Russia (Rosmorrechflot) has ordered construction of 41 new rescue-salvage vessels to be delivered to Marine Rescue Service of Rosmorrechflot by vessels have been delivered, including three 7 MW icebreaking (IB6) and four 4 MW ice-class (Arc5) salvage ships. Multi-purpose salvage ships Murman (7 MW) and Spasatel Kavdeykin (4 MW) have been assigned to the Northern Branch of Marine Rescue Service in Murmansk. Sergey Eschenko IS-Systems К Icebreaker 6 2 AUT1-ICS OMBO FF2WS DYNPOS-2 EPP Salvage ship КМ Arc 5 AUT1-ICS OMBO FF3WS DYNPOS-2 EPP Salvage ship

19 Four 7 MW icebreaking salvage ships Aker Arctic Nordic Yards Nordic Yards Multipurpose salvage vessel: Shipping class - Icebreaker 6; Range Max speed nm; knots; Icebreaking capacity - 1 (1.5) m; Passenger capacity - 75 persons; Tanks for oil collected m 3. Spasatel Petr Gruzinsky is under construction at Amur Shipbuilding Plant in Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Baltika obliques icebreaker was built by Yantar Shipyard in Kaliningrad and Arctech Shipyard in Helsinki delivered in October 2014 and assigned to Baltic Branch of MRC. Murman and Beringov Proliv were built at Nordic Yards Wismar in Germany both delivered in December 2015, the first assigned to Northern Branch and the second to Sakhalin Branch of MRC.

20 Four 4 MW ice-class salvage ships Nevsky Shipyard Multipurpose salvage vessel: Shipping class - Arc 5; Range Max speed nm; knots; Port operations, ice thickness m; Passenger capacity - 69 persons; Tanks for oil collected m 3. Spasatel Karev was delivered in October 2012 and assigned to the Baltic Branch of MRC. Spasatel Kavdeykin was delivered in July 2013 and assigned to the Northern Branch of MRC. Spasatel Zaborshchikov was delivered in December 2013 and assigned to Primorsk Branch of MRC. Spasatel Demidov was delivered in December 2015 and assigned to Azov-Black Sea Branch of MRC. All four salvage ships were built at Nevsky Shipyard in Schliesselburg, Leningrad region.

21 SAR and OSR training and exercises IMO courses for rescuers. OSR exercises at sea. OSR exercises in coastal areas. OSR exercises at oil terminals. Joint emergency response exercises (SAR, OSR). Norwegian-Russian Exercise Barents. Exercise Arctic Gazprom Neft Shelf

22 ACIA

23 OMAE Arctic oil spill response technology applicability Traditional mechanical recovery with booms and skimmers can be efficient with up to 40% ice coverage (OGP JIP) Use of vibrating mechanical recovery systems can be efficient with up to 90% ice coverage (OGP JIP) In-situ burning can be efficient with ice concentration up to 100% under certain conditions (OGP JIP) Chemical dispersants can be efficient in partly ice-covered waters with mixing energy added (OGP JIP) Rather applicable than efficient as the level of efficiency is unclear All above mentioned technologies are allowed for use in Russia Traditional mechanical recovery technologies and equipment are the only ones currently available in Russia Long distances and ice conditions impact the response time

24 HFO spill at the Kola Bay terminal in 2009 and 2015 NB MRC NB MRC NB MRC NB MRC

25 Oil spill response technologies applicable in Russia Mechanical recovery booms, skimmers, sorbents, etc. Chemical dispersants (pre-approval: ecotox, efficiency, NEBA) Biological destructors (pre-approval) In-situ burning (safety issues) The focus in environmental protection against oil pollution must be put on oil-spill prevention. Challenges of having an appropriate oil spill recovery in Russian Arctic waters are with both efficient technologies availability (existence) and accessibility (in time in place).