THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BUS 6C(T)l07 ENGINE PARAMETERS FUELLED WITH COMPRESSED CNG AND LIQUID NATURAL GAS LNG

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1 Journal ofkones /memo/ Combusion Engines 2004, vol. /, No. 12 THE COMPARATVE ANALYSS OF BUS 6C(T)l07 ENGNE PARAMETERS FUELLED WTH COMPRESSED CNG AND LQUD NATURAL GAS LNG Sfawomir Dudek, Marek Rudkowski Deparmen of NGV and Pison Machines OL and GAS NSTTUTE Krakow, Lubicz 25a Sree, Poland igng.krakow.pl, igng. krakow.pl Absrac Tile paper presens resul. of research he naurally aspiraed 6C 107 and urbocharged 6CT/07 spark ignied lm.1 en:ine jielled wih naural gm (CNG or LNG ). The naural gas engine parameers have been shown in comparison wih diesel version of he engine. The paper includes informaion abou naural gas engine modijicoions in paricular nwd!ficaion shape of he combusion chamber, spark plugs seaing and igniion sysem. The descripion of es sand is shown. The summary and conclusions end comparaive analysis errgine parameers. 1. nroducion The 6CT107 engine has been produced by ANDORAMOT Company in Poland since Producion has sared on he basis of Leyland license. niially his engine was produced as SW400 and consanly modernized. The curren model of he engine is used as a modern driving uni for 8;12 meerslong buses, combineharvesers and generaor unis. pumping engines and building machines. Over 300 housand engines have been produced for 25 years. included 20 naurally aspiraed gas engines (LPG and CNG). These gas engines have been inroduced in ciy buses and coaches, and hey have covered over 10 millionkilomeers disance since Currenly new modernizaion has been sared. is conneced wih preparing series of producion of urbocharged gas engine fuelled wih naural gas sored in he liquid form (LNG). Technical parameers of he engine fuelled wih diesel oil are presened in he able below. T<T<f'l a J e ec mca parameers o {11' 1e c ese J engmes Engines ype Parameers 6C07 6CT107 Design and arrangemen inline engine, verical Pro:ess naurally_ aspiraed urbocharg_ed and inercooled Number of valves 2 per cylinder Combusion process Diesel, 4sroke, direc injecion ino he oroidal combusion chamber siuaed in he crown of he pison Displacemen flier] 6,54 Bore x sroke [mm] 107,19 X 120,65 Compression raio 16,5 Range of engine speed [rpm] Diesel f'uel inje(;ion sysem inline fuel injecion pump wih independen drive Cooling sysem forced circulaion waer cooling Maximum horsepower [kw a engine 101,5/ /2400 speed jrpmj Peak orque [NmJ a engine speed [rpm 423/ /1600 Specific fuel consumpion [g/kwh] The inake manifold is locaed on he righ side and he exhaus manifold on he lef side of he cylinder head. So Lhe engine modernizaion is possible, because here are no limiaions by exhaus manifold (cooling sysem). 128

2 The exernal characerisic of 6CT 07 engine fuelled wih diesel oil has been presened on he fig ,!< 550 0"., 525. :: 500 "' ' ' r.... i Te.,,... ; '?"''',,, :;...,..._,/..._....,..,......,... : f:: (.; '! ' ' " :=:!!! :: j. '.! ' \. 'f: 60 + ',r Q) '\ JOO ( engine speed [rpm] \'' \[ 50 Fig.. The exernal characerisic of6ctj07 engine fuelled wih diesel oil 2. The 6C(T)107 NG engine modificaions Researches of he engine fuelled wih naural gas have been carried ou for wo engine ypes: naurally aspiraed (6C107) and urbocharged (6CT107). The compression raio was decreased from = 6,5 o = l and he shape of he combusion chamber was changed from oroidal o open ype in he crown of he pison (fig.2) during preparing nauraljy aspiraed engine fuelling wih naural gas ::c g_ JOO c "'.., ;;., <J 240 Q Fig. 2. The cross secion hrough naurally aspiraed 6C 107 engine fuelled wih naural gas. 129

3 The compression raio =9,5 for urbocharged ype of he engine has been seleced by increasing combusion chamber capaciy aken from naurally aspiraed 6C 07 NG engine. The spark plugs seaing have been made in place of diesel oil injecors. The elecronic highenergy igniion sysem made by NGV AUTOGAS has been used. Moreover, he new inake manifold has been worked ou o make a possibiliy of using he gas mixer and he gas injecion fuel sysem. The cylinder head has been redesigned for mouning he sparking plug close o valves under he valve's cap. The new pilo sleeves have been used o isolae he spark plugs and igniion cables from moving pars of he cylinder head. The igniion sysem wih single coil per cylinder has been used. To accomplish research aims a special ype wih manual changing of he igniion iming advance has been used. Bu in producion he inegraed igniion sysem wih a mixure raio regulaion sysem has been used. This inegraed sysem relies on lambda sensor due o he 3way caalys converer in exhaus sysem. The microprocessor is he main par of he sysem. reproduces he fuel charge and igniion iming advance from he map depending on he signal from he lambda sensor. The engine cooling sysem has been increased because a medium working emperaure has been increased, due o increasing capaciy and surface of combusion chamber and decreasing compression raio well, expansion raio. The necessiy of increasing he cooling efficiency was known from oher operaion researches of gas engines worked ou on he basis of diesel unis. 3. Tess sand descripion Fig. 3. The LNG fuel ak wih he vaporizer 130

4 'ig. 4. The general view of he 6CTJ07NG engine Fig. 5. The general vi we lf he es sand 131

5 4. Aim and course of he researches Fig. 6. The narural gasjielmeering sysem The producion version 6CT07 engine fuelled wih naural gas for ciy bus and mini bus was he main aim of he work. This paper conains comparaive analysis of 6C(T) 07 NG engine parameers for naurally aspiraed and urbocharged versions (CNG and LNG). A lo of conrol characerisics have been made o opimize effecive parameers of he engine in poin of view polluion exhaus gases before basic researches. The naurally aspiraed 6C107 NG engine has been he objec of he firs sage of basic researches. The exernal characerisic of his engine has been presened on he fig.9 and universal characerisic on he fig.7. Much beer parameers have been accomplished by urbocharged 6CT07 NG engine. The exernal characerisic of his engine has been presened on he fig. 0 and universal characerisic on he fig.8. Table 2. Technical parameers of he naural gas engines Engine ype Parameers 6Cl07 NG 6CT07 NG Process naurally aspiraed. urbocharged. soichiomeric soichiomeric combusion combusion Compression raio Range of engine speed [rpm] Maximum horsepower [kw] a engine 88/ /2300 speed [rpm] Peak orque [Nm] a engine speed 373/ /1700 [rpmj S_Q(!cific fuel consumpion [g/kwh] Peak olal efficiency [%] 31,6 35,3 132

6 10 J J lug )]) lloi ill) 1700 l.o l"lll m :z1eo l;;!;lll llo n111m :S.Pee<:l l Fig. 7. The universal characerisic of consan specfic fuel consumpion of naurally apiraed 6CJ07 NG engine 410 i' ) u w s i 411).:! '; lnl lid 150 o 1000 l1 00 Fig. 8. The universal characerisic lj'consan specific fuel consumpion ofurbocharged 6CTJ07 NG engine 133

7 ...< l.l Cl l.o:s 1 o.u 09 n Sl 31 n!0 ;! 1 (a $ c:f l4 s 2f 0 u no '31() &j foo 8 e 31) s l 'ij 340 \1 31) 310 l i ;'\. V J i / _,... r... l,...,.,. L,.,../. 1 /. ' [.,... f. + i, i. + >::h ; , f _,...,...,....,. ;;_ r, l... ' T l 1le fr. r<: 1 v.., 1 1' / 1! i...,... i 'l10,:.0: >....._i r.l 1<( J V J= 1: 1' o1... l l d ;.."" Q,.., V... l./ V ljg l!.. Fi J'"'" V... v. r =' u!' :.i L j ;.., c2...,...i y...r"!... z::: 2:18, )... r Te r 9C 1 v 1 L_..... l_... 1 i /V V 1 l/ 1,., 1... V 11. r r l..... "" 1 ilo... " 1 i / l p 1! l,../ 1 1 JD i [7 ' " 1 V',... i / Pr' 1 4( _ 18..,.. '1 '. '., '. j loo l20d 1300 UOO )0 l!oo 1900 ODD 21(10 :laoo 2! eagi»e speecl l)'pm] k,., u : 100 ) = 61.Si,,.,.i... cl2.s;, J.S1.S... c ll ;.... e '11 Fig. 9. The exernal characerisic of naurally apiraed 6C 107 NG engine 134

8 '1' '1' oo ! lj00 WlOO lfgg 21GG 2100 )ao ljoo SOO engine lphd [pjn] Fi[.:. 10. The exernal churacerisic ofurbocharged 6CT/07 NG engine 135

9 5. Resuls of researches Resuls of research should be recognizing as a very good. The urbocharged 6CT 07 NG engine accomplishes almos wice as many of effecive orque in all of engine speed range. The effecive horsepower is much higher han for naurally aspiraed ype of he engine. Peak effecive horsepower for urbocharged ype is abou 80% higher han for naurally aspiraed. This increase is very surprising. The curve of volumeric efficiency can help o undersand he increasing of effecive horsepower (fig. ). HP!P'Hd {.,W] Fig. /. Tl e cun e.\ ofi'o/umeric efficiency for naurully aspiraed and urbocharged 6C(T)/07 NG engine The volumeric efficiency accomplishes value abou 0,6 in all of engine speed range for naurally aspiraed engine. We can see ha for urbocharged ype of engine he volumeric efficiency accomplishes value 0,8 a 900 rpm and, 15 a engine speed range. When he engine was fuelling wih srongly cooled naural gas (LNG), emperaure of he airgas mixure before inake valve was lower abou C wih realion o fuelling wih compressed naural gas (CNG). allowed o accomplisch adequae increase he effecive engine parameres. 6. Conclusions The researches have allowed working ou he modern NG engine, wich will be used in ciy buses. The nex par of he sudy will be presened resuls from he racion researches of buses equipped wih 6CT 07 engines fuelled wih CNG and LNG. The resuls will presened performance and polluion exhaus gases. References [] Mendera K., Rudkowski M., Rudkowski J.: Naural Gas Vehicles in Poland. ANGV Conference. Cologne [2] Rudkowski M., Dudek S.: The curren developmen level of liquid naural gas LNG drives in he world. KONES Conference. Wisa, Poland [31 Dudek S.: Possibiliies of applicaion liquid naural gas LNG as an engine fuel. ''Silniki Gazowe" 6h Conference. Cz<rsochowa Szczyrk, Poland [4] Rudkowski M., Rudkowski J.: Developmen of gas buses in Poland. "Silniki Gazowe". 4h conference. Czsochowa Vysnc Rui backy, Poland