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1 Bates College SCARAB Walter Lawrance Papers Muskie Archives and Special Collections Library L.A. General Data Walter A. Lawrance Bates College Follow this and additional works at: Part of the Earth Sciences Commons, and the Environmental Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Walter A. Lawrance Androscoggin River Studies Twenty Ninth Annual Report, October, 1971, Androscoggin River Studies, Box 6, Folder 1, Walter A. Lawrance Papers, Edmund S. Muskie Archives and Special Collections Library, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Muskie Archives and Special Collections Library at SCARAB. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walter Lawrance Papers by an authorized administrator of SCARAB. For more information, please contact

2 1 TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL REPORT PART FOUR LEWISTON-AUBURN GENERAL DATA 1971 Introduction. River odor and foam conditions were, at times very objectionable. Hydrogen sulfide was present and occasionally at high intensities due to low river flows, abnormally high water temperatures and, occasionally excessively large upstream discharge of organic wastes. Daily Reports. Daily Reports numbered one to ninety-one contain a record of: a. River odor, type and intensity b. Air Temperature c. General Weather conditions d. Foam areas e Wind direction f. Conditions at Gulf Island and Deer Rips Dams (Frequent but not daily) These reports were mailed to Messrs Morse, Cooper and Stevens. River Odor. Types etc. During June and early July pig-pen odor was dominant in the Pool from Mile Two Northward. Hydrogen sulfide was detectable on June 25 and soon became the dominant odor until early September. Objectionable river odor was reported in the downtown area on twenty-four days during the period of observations. Due to low river flow, spilling over the Lewiston Falls (Great Falls) was seldom observed and this reduced the frequency and intensity of odor liberation in that area. Hydrogen sulfide was present on at least nlne days and on

3 five occasions was very noticeable in the downtown business area. Kraft-H2S odor was frequently reported as being "disgusting and persistent", in the Northwood shopping area, the Tall Pines residential oomplex and the Auburndale shopping area. The cement walls at Gulf Island Dam were blackend by hydrogen sulfide early in June. The odor was detected in mid-june asa very slight trace, however, on June twenty-three the intensity was rated #3. odor was present, in varying concentrations, until the middle of September. The Fortunately the wind was southerly on several of the high odor intensity days. June twenty-eight, the Auburn Police Department nqtified the writer that several Auburn residents had registered complaints about the "strong objectionable river odor" present that morning. People wanted to know, 1. Why the intense river odor 2. What was being done to eleminate it and 3. Prevent its return. Investigation revealed that the odor came from very large areas of floating sludge and from Deer Rips Dam area, very probably the odor was pig-pen, hydrogen sulride-krart~ The worst odor situation, in the Lewiston-Auburn area, occurred during the period, July two to July thirteen. The canal was empty, the flow of the river was passing over the Lewiston "Great Falls", air and water temperatures were high and dissolved oxygen 2 conspicuous by its absence. The odor was chiefly hydrogen sulfide Kraft. Public complaints were numerous (over twenty on one day) and the Lewiston Evening Journal registered a strong editorial protest.

4 Air Temperature. September. Mean hourly temperatures were above the eighty-seven year averages, May through Air temperatures during June, July and August were the highest in recent years; June and September means were 2.50 and 3.l4 F respectively above the long range averages. Table #1 Mean Hourly Temperatures (OF) (Lewiston) Year May June July August September g ) f:~ g g gg g7 year g average Deviation from average /-0.74 /-1.64 /-3.14 Water Temperatures. Water temperatures at Gulf Island Dam were above the twenty-nine ye~r average during June, July, August and September, but they were slightly below the average for May. This seasonts highest water temperature 25.0oC {G.I.D.} was recorded on July nine; the 1970 and 1969 "... ~.. maxima were C and 24.50C resoectively. Precipitation. In the Lewiston-Auburn area the average monthly precipitation was higher than the ninety.-seven year average, May, July and August. June and September precipitation were lower than the long term average. Loss of water due to evaporation appears to have been extensive; five days

5 in August (16,17,18,19,23) the flow at Gulf Island Dam was less than that passing Berlin. Table #2 Water Temperatures (Oe) Qulf Island Dam Year 11,aY'* June July August September ~ lt year average Deviation ';' ';'0.6,l1.2 *Thursdayts only 4 Table #3 Monthly Precipitation (inches) (Lewiston) Year May June July August September It lt ' a It c J.g year average Deviation ';' llt. ';' from average River Flows. River flows were much lower than the thirty-five year averages, July through September and averaged 414 c.f.s. per day below this long range

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7 daily average. During August, the flow at Gulf Island was recorded below 1840 on eight (24 hour) days; August 17 as 1740 cfs. Table #4 Average Daily Flows (ere) (Gulf Island Dam) the lowest flow was reported Year May June July August Sept. J.A~S. average " ),0 7:" year avg e Deviation from aver. f The 1965 Report contains a tabulation or the average monthly river flows for the period 1927 to 1964 inclusive This (1971) report extends the covered period to Union Water Power Company generously allo~d us to copy their data. River Surface ConditIons. Foam covered larger areas and was more persistent than in The foam had a marked tendency to form relatively thick layers of a dirty brown color, along the Auburn shore, also upstream from the aerators at Gulf Island Dam and at the wall of the dam on each side of the intake areas. Numerous complaints about ro~~ received. conditions were

8 ( ( ( l S 2ft L 1',=,1 P _ ~ F. ANDROS c; OGGIN RIVER FLOlfl c f. s ~ciiit 'I.;); f _,'i ~' ~ II ';' " "~l l ~i!mtfwt~ar! rl' '~ERLIN: N.H. \i" " "",'. " '1ceJ_"" " " :l ~ ~ - :-'..! "J.,.- -. t:::: I!... _._ c.,!.. ". Lt - -, ;'-, j 1-,,1-,.ItH,-lttl--L I#t,±±t ~' irdtr T#fr l"+,~~,,~jrr '--.L ~ -~ I,.. '00., :...;,LA ',;. ' c rth r+:-!:tn- If--H i: =r0 -..*~ I::±i=_' ':'I_ +' - ~_- :-i~~,=~: ~~z ::::..Lfl='::' ill ~-.::... -=--r: ~~_ i'l; I ~ : ~ ~~ '-f 'r:-:~lf T~;-; ;, :': F;;~ ~:;;-,,- iitf.it(f H -'~[ ~ i! tf~ G'1 1" j' ~ ':,~i i~_ ~ : :-" --~~ ' ,-._...',, '-~--.-- ; -- --, ::::--:'.--1--: ~;:=. _._. :::' t:-.:," :'~l ii~' r c,c cpc If1... : =c.: ~-'-;,.: 'it'. -~ ~,.L.~ ':==1 C '.:m ~~ ~~I~...,~J.~"~, ~ : fef5 ~! j~~ :,t~~e~ ~f:~~ ~~f~~ - :~r5~~=..~ - ~~] Y 'N' ' lit 1-1. tita lfh H-++ '-~,.'. - Li::J -, :-10i.c:!~<:: L::i l.'~~, _~~_:j r.~ ;.:: ;2: j-i-:~ I -f.!~-! f$~-~ L- l-fi.li -1:R -"{I:'- :.- -,-=-'. -- :~' -~~.;.: ' =-= ~ ~ I----_=_ i------; < ---- =----=., _: ~ ~.!-... ; _ ~_ l-+,-- I ~ == ~:_: :.. ~:::.".....' I' ':' i; ;-: nttjl1 1-[1 ' ~ rl fllitttl TE[I I~ RUMFORD ;..- _r~ ~'--, ::-=-o.::. =-=- ~ -:=== -=--.:=!=±.:::-=~ ~ -,--,:: =-:~l-=_~,- -+_-4~ ',. I' 'II' -ITT, --'I --, --,- - q.l, '- '..-,'- -n- ' - --, -, =:-1==: -- '.1 :,.; T ii; i:; i -; ; I -I~--! ' II : _ I.,. ",:+4 ~L ~ '!; :::= ~ -::r:;:r --'----_.1. --,,- -, ~..:--=--~ - ---=-~ -. =;?<:,~:_: _:11,. I.J : i i.:; :J~i~ l ftlh1ii+~rt JlIJfr:fM~t :. Itl. j~-~'g:l+fl~' 8 -J:.. jj+i-i:-g,.lj-lj, "';';,. -,' --- -= -,---.:6: + ~: I..! ~ '.J., i,:!:l i, i:iff Il~'~ : :-~~r 1 1~ lt l + rtv ' i i ;: I; 'i;-i ; :---~: J-!:r;~+ ~.! ~ <- ----, =:=:r:=:,----- ~L~'- c ~~ ::::-:. _..!'.Ii-- I '!;i!\:!lj.j. t ' ~I - I-:::j::~"I-lll±1~' ' : 1 ir~-':lj _ ij.,~~,,- I-'--r:--; I -+-::. :----:-;: - " '--.J._ j;l "'~~.. ln-_o_.,,:-- i l '.! " I J - ~ I! I _1.:. '~", I < '-i- I:i±i~ : ---,-.:~i! ' ~~~,t ~{P:.. -~~:..;...,:!.~. I;It!T~i i~n7 li ~!I I~.~-~':. ~.. :~ +~: ~!,- <]! j-~--: h.h Ji~i ~±~I ili Jl~ ftl t~1 'I~ i-t~l 'J:::; I: C ~,-=: :.! '- --~= -c'-=.:'j-'..c ',,: ~:-P" '..'.i.. :.. h iii lilti" It ld 1'1 ipj: :;: +;j,::;" ~=::C' >1;.:. -.:..-c 1 ~;~" " /1-,+ I ;ITIi i)j ltii ml :>.::~ ~',: :~~ ' = 1=' =,=-:-:c-::+' ';~ ;:b :.~._..,_,::1( i,: ~lu!j31!' ii'h'lfi}..!iiti il\ =T :",.=~ 1-:;... I I ' !#i tt C,,~:::.... "= ~m rihlfl'rm Wj'J ~m~~ ~li~~lvy:~~ tfd~b~f.,aj C i~lz f--.j :::= t=-:~ffi~ = '-":".~ "...,.. t I;!'l' ~ ': ~~: I l~ '>. ' I'-'i- 1--cT l iu, ; I.. 3: _.!.._.: -,-- _,-"_., IV.,] d L' H-,_tt~ 'lf~i --1=[tI~.' ttj ~fh....' I. ~..,~ -,-,--,1, ; ; "- ~~~. ~~~ _:~.~~ ~ _;.-.~ \ l~~i=. ~. ~ ~ -:-;-'.:~~ G~LF c_ ISLAN D DAM. tl~ ~ ~~ I. ~::~' ;j~. ~~ ~"- I. ~~)~T': I >': ~:: i~~.~1. rl"j~ [~... ~~~~ fl ~:~~: ~~ ±. lit- "'_I f-().'! \ -. i!:! :hi IJ. -~=~~= -I,tt: 1m,l. i ~., ;,! ', - ' I,~,CIL i-c---;:-:.7;.' ~ - ---;~, ,.- =-~ -==- --=-----.=-:-::-=:-:=-:. ~-- " - 1 "I,--.:, 1; '- ; i,. ---'- ~+--~;-':--i ' =, :~-f* t; K ~-i: '-~II:tt=II;=mri~tti~~tili':I'( t~;i ' > T-; ~ r:11 :- ~-: ; ~n ~~ - -')~:-,. TI '.'::-T' - :~-.- ~-:; ~...,.. :L.. _._-_ ;-_.;- <-;:- ~'i ; :..!..... ~ _:._. :_, _.... _i. " -- ',~, 1,,. - - UI -, c. I.. ;- _;_;. I. -:-',."1...!--.L!M! 1, I. l::l [rl I rf~_ J }fb: ill I T ' L j~ 1 if ' "i-" _L 1..;.'.,:.1!.JU LI' _~ju It='h!:!_l'.:J " ~L_~ I 'I L.- --;, _1-_'"..,.....,'- ',---' -.'--'1' ' - i,h... i ; ~,::~T....I- ',_,T,-_.,1'11-',-: i":t, -r-t+,,--! --'-.~--'PlTI:',J,--.-j:"'i'_.L_ -,'.',. ::-::::-;[:;-::.+::r:..-:,----\- _"._,. 1_ '!," " i L: 'f l I' 1i CI ", -'-e- -rr1+ L~, h~f-~ '" I Ccr ' ; <Tt I '-:::::-::-'T :-::-~,... n 'S--tH) :',' :'!.':1 li'r'. I,i :.!_~~ I~ i l_ ' : :...,:1 l"t Ji-;, 'Tn,:1~.1. " :- -, ;:_!.l. _ l.. I. 1..," ~~d. 1- ~J~~ ~ ~ ' ~~~r : -~ ~: I --' i--" 1 ::' -~:-l :_J:_:- '- i :L!:!L _I I: L f~-",!'! I I! jj:; ifiti 1--'-',:--,. rrtnit.<._. _. : ;._ - --,- - ~ L --H~-ii-rl4.~~ +fj\: II t~. ' I-i '-hi ' Lli;11 r' ':7r -rl--'-t " r - -~ ----, -I ~~t ~~:~ I r'--.:.' -- ~- ~_~-~: -ft} -G~.t lfin1i~tr rmiwl." '1i f~lq~ rmill, ~I -'-=-~ =:~~ '~~i- i~~ ~-=-.~~, 4-~~ ~:~_~.~: t ~~;.Vt~~-r-:'- F---,,, ~,..I'\ 1'[1- '-It"+itf "'H~t~.L'=j.I_!+ II ~:h rti,t,ii - ~ --' '.-:--r' L -,-- -:-,~- I' - :-:+,I-:-!-t+:, ~ - \ 7, '!:.'-. -~.' --~:i IL~! \ ', -' \ _. ~ ' -:f! ~~.. =- I:. m It..' t1+ 'jff f:l '~-f ~. ~m'.- '.' : "-j:~j~ [ r - l!~.j. '[ I. kif ;,ntrlljillmllltm Ifl1 : ~ mrttb 10 1 ~7:;1 ~ h~~rv' v i~~w ~I! -I "''' ' " "'0,. ",'..." ~ ~'AY - 10 J UNE J ULY Au6~ST SEPTEM BE R Y EAR OF 19

9 During August small quantities of floating vegetation (water grasses etc.) were observed drifting downstream usually south of Mile four. A few sections of blue-green algae, some about one foot wide, occasionally were observed in the Mile two-three area. They appeared to be growing on a thin layer of gelatinous material. The water in the area was almost anaerobic. Dissolved OXYfen. Lewiston Cana and forty-six days below 0.5 ppm. This summer there were tendays when the Dissolved Oxygen was recorded as tzero, (During the 1970 season there were no zero Dissolved Oxygen tests and only fifteen days when the oxygen content of the water in the Canal was below 0.5 ppm). Without the aerators at Gulf Island Dam, it is quite probable that many more days would have been recorded as tzero' dissolved oxygen. The record of this and the six previous years are listed below Below ONE ppm days Lewiston Below 0.5 ppm 46 days 15 " ) " 0 " Fish-Kills. The major kill of the season is described in Part Two of this report, cf ph section. Three minor kills in the Androscoggin Pool refer to Part Three.

10 Pres! Reports. Nation-wide public interest in the environment resulted in a large amount of space devoted to this subject in the local press. Editorial comment, letters to the editor, relating to local pollution were muoh more crt tical than in recent years. The Lewiston Sun-Journal staff made several inquiries about the oxygen and odor "levels" in Androscoggin River water and in Lake Auburn water. They have been curious about foam, its origin and on one occasion. wrote an editorial (Journal, July 12), very critical of the odor conditions and their origin etc. (cf page 62 Press Reports). 9

11 10 Date '\'ater Temp oc Table #5 LID-lIS TON (CANAL) 1971 River Statistics* ph Dissolved O~gen ppm %Sat. B.O.D. 5 day ppm River Flow G. LD. May June ~ e July ).It Aug Sept ) *Thursday data only

12 Cross Checks. Deer Rips Dam. 11 Every two weeks from July eight to September sixteen, cross check tests and analyses were made on water sampled simultaneously at Deer Rips Dam by analysts from Oxford Paper Company and the Lewiston group. Examination of their results indicate good agreement in all of the tests, with the exception of the biochemical oxygen demands, Oxford's B.0.D.5 results are without exception usually slightly lower than those of the Lewiston group, As recorded earlier in this report the differences in this and the other two sets of cross checks should receive careful attention and study by the Teohnical Committee. A mercury thermometer was used by the Lewiston analysts, a bimetallic thermometer occasionally was employed by the Oxford Paper Company's chemist. resu1te are tabulated below. OROSS CHECK DEER RIPS DAM A summary of the Date Temp. ph Dissolved Oxygen B.O.D. 5 c ppm 5C Sat. ppm July g Lewiston 2) Oxford 2) a July 22 Lewiston 2) ) Oxford 2) ,0 3.9 Aug. 5 Lewiston ). 5 Oxford 2).g ).2 Aug. 19 Lewiston Oxford Sept. 2 Lewiston 20.S 6.S Oxford 20.) Sept. 16 Lewiston Oxford l.g. *Did not obtain 2.0 ppm depletion

13 LEWISTON May, June Date Mil )1 TEMP. C ph 6"l D.O. ppm 0.0, ~ Sat ', g June a : a ) S 29 ) H~.O 1a.) ) ) ).g ) ) ) ,, g 4"i ~ ) ,, l~.9 ) S 30.6 ) S :' 4~ B.O.. D. ppm ) 3.0 ).2 4.6

14 13 LEWISTON July, 1971 Date g ~i )1 TEMP. C , No sample ~ ) , ph D.O. D.O. ppm ~ Sato ) 6.) , road block (Canal Empty) 6, , l~~ _ ) O. O'i , B.O.D. ppm 6.8 4,,6 )

15 LEWISTON August, 1971 Date Temp. ph D.O. D.O. B.O.D. ppm 5C Sat. ppm ii Oe )

16 14A LEWISTON September, 1971 Date Temp. ph D.O. ppm D.O. ~ Sat ~ 0.7 g.l g BeO. D.. ppm 'i ~ 'i H~.6 2.)

17 15 ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER FLOW C. F. S. May, 1971 Date ~ 7 a Monthly Average BERLIN ) 8;~2 82 g 756a ~ i2a 277 ) Rtnl.FORD LIVERMORE FALLS , ) ~ a5O ) go 6) '860 3) ~360 5; ) GULF ISLAND DAM ) m~

18 16 ANDROSOOGGIN RIVER FLOW C. F. S. June, 1971 Date BERLIN RUMFORD LIVERMORE GULF ISLAND FALLS DAM g ) ) ; )270 )120 29f!O ) ) ~O )880 )Soo t ~ ) ~ ) ; ltO ) go Monthly Average

19 17 ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER FLOW C. F. S. July, 1971 Date BERLIN RIDIFORD LIVERlf-ORE GULF ISLAND FALLS DAM ~ l~ H~ ) Monthly Average

20 18 ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER FLOW c. F. S. August, 1971 Date BRRLIN RUMFORD LIVERMORE GULF ISLAND FALLS DAM , aO a i ) H~ H~ H!OO 1740 ls H! H~SO 1S ~ monthly average ~

21 19 ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER FLOW C. F. S.. September, 1971 Date BERLIN ) H~ ~ Monthly Average 1~01 RtJr-1:FORD LIVEm.1ORE ALLS S GULF ISLAND DAM

22 ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER ~onthly Daily Averages 20 BERLIN. NEW HAMPSHIRE * Year January February March April May June July A.ugust September Oatober November December TOTAL Year Aver. 196; i H~2' ) Ht Year January February March April May June July August September Oatober November December TOTAL Year Aver ~3 ) S i ) *For years 1927 to 1964 inclusive are recorded in 1965 Annual Report

23 ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER Monthly Daily Averages 21 RUMFORD, MAINE * Year January February March April May June July August September October November December TOTAL Year.Aver g g _ i Year January February March April May June July August September October November December TOTAL Year Aver $ ~ P' g l~g For years 1927 to 1964 inclusive are recorded in 1965 Annual Report

24 ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER Monthly Daily Averages 22 LIVERMORE FALLS, MA IHE '10* Year January February March April May June July August September October November December ~ ~ TOTAL ft) Year.Aver Year January February f.>!arch April May June July August September 6 October November December TOTAL Year Aver ti H~ ~ Ht For years 1927 to 1964 inclusive are recorded 1n 1965 Annual Report

25 23 ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER Monthly Daily Averages GULF ISLAND DAM * Year January February M.arch April May June July August September October November December TOTAL Year Aver. Year January Februa.ry March April May June July August September October November December TOTAL Year Aver i t S ) ~ a' ) ) *For years 1927 to 1964 inclusive are recorded in 1965 Annual Report