What is the Smart Grid Anyway??

Transcription

1 What is the Smart Grid Anyway?? Jay Giri Alstom Grid Module One: Smart Grid Overview IEEE Chapter

2 Learning Objectives When learners have completed this module, they will be able to: 1. Describe in writing and diagram the components of a power grid 2. Describe the components of the current Smart Grid 3. Describe future components that will make today's Smart Grid smarter

3 Overview of the Electricity Grid 3

4 The Interconnected Power Grid Thoughts to ponder The interconnected electric power grid is one of the most complex real-time, 7x24, engineering machines in existence today!

5 The Interconnected Power Grid Thoughts to ponder Operating the power grid is not rocket science It is much more than that! - Terry Boston, PJM

6 The Interconnected Power Grid Thoughts to ponder Brazilian saying, from Savu Savulescu Na práctica.. a teoría é ontra "In real-life the theory is different"

7 Greatest Engineering Achievements Of the 20th Century #1. Electrification As voted on by the US National Academy of Engineers in High-performance materials Nuclear technologies Air conditioning and refrigeration Laser and fiber optics Highways 9. 9 Telephone Petroleum and petrochemical 8. 8 technologies Computers Health technologies 7. 7 Agricultural mechanization Radio and television Imaging 5. 5 Electronics Internet 4. 4 Water supply and distribution Spacecraft 3. 3 Airplane 2. 2 Automobile Household appliances

8 The Reality We Face. Blackouts will occur again in the future Our power grid is too complex Investment in generation far exceeded transmission. Making it more of a barrier to transfer energy. Means More Congestion. 8

9 Our big challenge is: To Prevent the Cascading, Uncontrolled Spread of an initiating blackout! And more importantly: To Restore power to affected customers ASAP!

10 The Bigger Challenge! 1. Electricity Demand changes from instant to instant 2. Electricity as a Commodity: Cannot be Stored! 3. Supply needs to If Supply does not equal Demand, Frequency goes offnormal & Protective relays trip generating units, loads, etc. Potential for a

11 Electric Utilities Ultimate Goal Balancing Reliability and Economics Reliability Economics Copyright Alstom Grid 2012

12 Power System Grid Operating States E I Normal Objective: Load tracking, cost minimization, system coordination E = Demand is met I = Constraints are met Secure Restorative Resynchronization E I Alert Preventive Control E I Insecure Violation of inequality constraints E I In extremis Cut losses, Protect Equipment Emergency Heroic Action E I A-Secure System not intact System intact L. Fink, K. Carlsen, IEEE Spectrum, March 1978

13 Genesis of the term Smart Grid Smart Grid In use since at least 2005 Toward a smart grid: power delivery for the 21st cen Massoud Amin & B.F. Wollenberg (University of Minnesota) May date as far back as 1998

14 Definitions of Smart Grid A smart grid is an electrical grid that uses information and communications technology

15 Today s Smart Grid Drivers Reliability Flexibility in network topology Efficiency Load Adjustment Peak Curtailment time of use pricing

16 Emerging Smart Grid Drivers Sustainability Facilitate integration of Renewable Energy Market-enabling Demand Response support Platform for Advanced Services Cyber Security Big Data Management

17 SG investment growth In the US: 2009: $ : billion Over $42.8 billion Global Growth is faster: 2009: $ : $171.4 billion billion

18 Emerging Smarter Grid Technologies & Solutions Integrated Communications Sensing & Measurement Smart Meters Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) Advanced Components and Controls Improved Decision Support

19 SG investment benefits Smart grid capabiliti es would save between 46 and 117 billion dollars over the next 20

20 Today: Keeping the lights on Protecting the Power System Grid To Keep the Lights On! Local, Device protection predominantly Today, System-wide Grid protection: AGC: Automatic Generation Control Load-shedding Voltage deviations Frequency deviations System Integrity Protection Schemes (SIPS) RAS - Remedial Action Schemes SPS - Special Protection Schemes Copyright Alstom Grid 2012

21 Tomorrow: WAM, BAM, thank-you WAN Wide Area Monitoring & Control Grid Protection, In the Future: Develop protective control schemes that dynamically adapt to current power system conditions Preserve integrity of the grid as an entity Tightly integrate fast sub-second measurements with fast sub-second controls (FACTS, HVDC, etc) Moving towards a self-healing grid Copyright Alstom Grid 2012

22 The new watchword.. Today After the Actionable 2003 blackout Situational Information Awareness

23 THE GRID Intelligent Decentralized Grid Control Wide Area monitoring system

24 24 WAMS: Wide Area Monitoring System Modelling Post-Event Root Cause Analysis Dynamics Analysis Generator Compliance & Modelling EMS Dynamic Security Assessment State Estimation Contingency Analysis TSO Regulatory Reporting Obligations WAMS the new heartbeat of the grid Smart Grid Analytics Low Carbon Networks Distribution DMS Demand Response Distributed Generation

25 What if we brought back Edison and Bell 100 years later? 25

26 If Bell saw a modern phone, would he recognize it?

27 But Edison would be at home in today s control in a matter of moments

28 Future Vision of the Energy Ecosystem An Energy Ecosystem Driven by Innovation Tomorrow s Weather: Sunny, windy, and warm. Solar Wind Nuclear & Desalinization Plant Offshore Wind Hydro Power Low Emission Power Plant Tidal Buoys Biomass Contro l Center Commercial Offices & Storefronts Microgrid Microgrid Power Substation Parking Facility with PHEV Recharge Outlets Photovoltaic's Microgrid H2 Filling Station Manufacturing Plant (High Consumption) Electricity Micro Storage Fuel Cells Thermal Storage Compressed H2 Storage CO 2 Storage SMES Copyright Alstom Grid 2012

29 From the July 2001, Wired magazine The best minds in Electricity R&D have a plan: Every node in the power network of the future will be Awake, Responsive, Adaptive, Pricesmart, Eco-sensitive, Real-time, Flexible, Humming. and interconnected with everything else. A Decade Later.. We are finally gaining Traction!

30 Thank you! The END of the