21st Century Power Grids: Reliable, Controllable and Resilient

Transcription

1 21st Century Power Grids: Reliable, Controllable and Resilient Terry Boston President & CEO PJM Interconnection NAESO February 5, 2014

2 Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20 th Century 10. Air Conditioning/ Refrigeration 9. Telephone 8. Computers 7. Agricultural Mechanization 6. Radio and Television 5. Electronics 4. Water Supply and Distribution 3. Airplane 2. Automobile 1. The Grid/ Electrification Source: National Academy of Engineering 2

3 Microgrids New York City After Superstorm Sandy 3

4 PJM as Part of the Eastern Interconnection KEY STATISTICS Member companies 950+ Millions of people served 61 Peak load in megawatts 165,492 MWs of generating capacity 183,604 Miles of transmission lines 62, GWh of annual energy 791,089 Generation sources 1,376 21% of U.S. GDP produced in PJM Square miles of territory 243,417 States served 13 + DC As of 1/2015 4

5 Reliability Grid Operations Supply/Demand Balance Transmission monitoring 1 PJM Focus on 3 Things Regional Planning 15-Year Outlook 2 Market Operation Energy Capacity Ancillary Services 3 5

6 Top Challenges Facing the Industry Electricity demand Extreme earth and space weather World s largest fuel switch: Reliably managing switching to low-carbon fuel sources Natural gas operations coordination Integration of intermittent and demand side resources 21st century expectations for the grid: Need more HVDC Each Challenge is Also an Opportunity Adapted from: EPRI 6

7 Demand Growth from PHEVs? 35.3 % of U.S. energy use is oil 8.8 of 10 Americans commute using cars Wind and shale gas can power PHEVs 7

8 Market Test: Electric Vehicles and Ancillary Services Fast response frequency regulation Operating in PJM s Regulation Market Electrifying 2% of PJM s light-duty fleet would double storage capacity in the region 8

9 How Hot Was It? New Jersey: 108 F 9

10 Summer Derecho 90 High voltage and extra high voltage lines out. 4.2 million customers without electricity. 10

11 Sandy October 29, :10 a.m. EDT 11

12 Superstorm Sandy s Toll 12

13 Restoring Electric Service An Army of 65,000 Linemen and Tree Crews Responded 13

14 Extreme Weather 2014 Polar Vortex 8 of 10 PJM Winter peak loads occurred in Jan Source: Polar vortex via NASA 14

15 January 7: PJM Peak Load vs. Typical Load 15

16 Wind Chill vs. Forced Outage PJM Western Zone 16

17 Fuel Switch - Transitioning from Coal to Gas 2009 to Date: 26,000 MW in Retirement Notices 17

18 Managing a Sea-Change 18

19 PJM New Generation by Fuel Type Gas = 75% Since Capacity Market Began in ,040 MW Total 19

20 PJM Average Emissions 20

21 PJM Average CO 2 Emissions Requirement Under the EPA s Clean Power Plan Building Blocks CO 2 (lbs/mwh) 6% improvement in existing steam turbine coal units heat rate efficiency Existing Natural Gas Combined Cycles dispatched up-to 70% Renewables and Energy Efficiency grow to 7.5% of 2012 Load EPA Requirements Renewables and Energy Efficiency grow to 16.3% of 2012 Load Renewables and Energy Efficiency grow to 24% of 2012 Load 21

22 Cumulative Nameplate MW Wind Generation in PJM Operational and Proposed 25,000 20,000 If you like wind 22,300 MW 15,000 In planning queues - 12/31/ ,000 5,000 You have to love Storage Operational RPS Requirement

23 PJM Capacity Market Enables Demand Resources 23

24 PJM Pilot Water Heater power consumption +/-2.25 Kw base point PJM Frequency Regulation Signal Jan. 14, 2011, midnight to 3:00 a.m. 105-gallon electric water heater minimizes cost, helps frequency regulation. 24

25 More HVDC Would Benefit the U.S. HVDC in service HVDC under construction Back-to-back terminals 25

26 Central Grid Control Uncertainty: What Lies Ahead? High Future Growth Concentrated Fuel Portfolio Centralized Supply by Large Units Distributed Self-Supply By Smaller Units Highly Diverse Fuel Portfolio Low Future Growth Autonomous Micro-grid Control 26

27 Today: Looking Forward Source: EPRI 27

28 Meeting the Challenge Source: EPRI 28

29 29

30 A Tale of Two Nuclear Power Plants Daiichi Daini Only six miles apart, but a world apart in coping with the tsunami. At the Daini plant, operators responded with something like the U.S. nuclear industry s FLEX strategy and saved all four reactors. Source: NEI 30

31 You Can See Prosperity It s Where the Lights are On. 31